Fish and food security: securing blue

growth of aquaculture ASEAN Regional Conference on Food Security (ARCoFS'13)

Georgetown, Malaysia. 8 - 10 October 2013

Michael Phillips and

Malcolm Beveridge

Outline

• Fish and food security

• “Blue growth” in aquaculture

• Future actions

Wealth and population growth are major

drivers for animal source food

consumption, including fish

Fish demand is growing

.. along with other animal sources foods

source: Hall et al. (2011)

Year

Pro

du

ctio

n (m

illio

n to

nn

es)

20

40

60

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

80

100

120

Pig

Chicken

Fish

Production targets (national data)

Production forecast (this study)

Year

Pro

du

ctio

n (m

illio

n to

nn

es)

20

40

60

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

80

100

120

FAO (2004)

Wijkstrom (2003)

IFPRI (2003)

Ye (1999)

Fish

•Baseline scenario

•Technological advances in aquaculture

•Ecological collapse of fisheries

• Global consumption remains at1996 levels (15.6 kg/y)

• Global consumption rises to 22.5 kg/y

Growing fisheries (0.7% per annum)

Stagnant fisheries

Year

Pro

du

ctio

n (m

illio

n to

nn

es)

20

40

60

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

80

100

120

FAO (2004)

Wijkstrom (2003)

IFPRI (2003)

Ye (1999)

Fish

•Baseline scenario

•Technological advances in aquaculture

•Ecological collapse of fisheries

• Global consumption remains at1996 levels (15.6 kg/y)

• Global consumption rises to 22.5 kg/y

Growing fisheries (0.7% per annum)

Stagnant fisheries

Aquaculture is growing to meet demand

Future fish demand (2007-2015)

source: FAO - Cai (2011)

Future need

Small-scale, wild, fisheries will remain

important for the poor, food and nutrition

Blue growth of aquaculture

The world according to

aquaculture…

source: Hall et al. (2011)

Aquaculture – major species groups, 2008

other aquatic animals

freshwater fishes

aquatic plants

clams, mussels, oysters

prawns, shrimps, etc.

salmon, trout, etc.

marine fishes

5 10 15 20 25

28.8

15.8

13.1

0

5.0

3.3

source: http://www.fao.org/sof/sofia/index_en.htm

1.8

0.6

million tonnes

Aquaculture growth impacts ecosystems

Major impact categories

Eutrophication

Freshwater use

Land use

Ecotoxicity

Biodiversity

Climate change

Energy use

Biotic depletion

Life cycle analysis approach

Environmental impacts - a summary

source: Hall et al. 2011

Farmed fish compares well with other

animal source foods

But, business as usual doubles impacts

of aquaculture by 2030

source: Rockström et al, 2009

Aquaculture impact

categories

Eutrophication

Freshwater use

Land use

Ecotoxicity

Biodiversity

Climate change

Energy use

Biotic depletion

source: Rockstrom et al. 2009

Our planetary boundaries

Putting blue growth of

aquaculture into practice

“Blue Frontiers” interventions

• Innovation

• Regulations and policy

• Technologies and management

• Monitoring and compliance

• Supply, demand and markets

source: Hall et al. 2011

(1) Innovations

• Feeds

• Genetics

• Systems

• Extension

• Markets

• Mobile tech

(2) Regulations and policy

• International standards

• New regulations and policy

• Implementation

(3) Lower impact technology

Significant scope for improvement in

environmental performance

.. within species groups

… and between

species groups

(4) Monitoring and compliance

source: Cai (2011)

(5) Better understand supply and demand scenarios

(6) “Blue” Investments

• US$50-70 billion in infrastructure

• Clear need for private partnerships

Messages

• Future food and nutrition

security requires both

aquaculture and fisheries

• Aquaculture can be an

efficient animal source food

producer

• Lower impact aquaculture

pathways necessary

• Change is possible but the

challenge is scale

• Inclusive partnerships

Thankyou

M.Phillips@cgiar.org

WorldFish and CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic

Agricultural Systems (AAS) Acknowledgements – Resource Legacy Fund, GIZ and FAO/Allfish