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FISH

Fish ClassificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass Agnatha ( Jawless Fish)Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fish)Class Osteichthyes ( Bony Fish)

Fish first appeared in the Earths oceans 540 MILLION years ago. Fishes are WATER - dwelling vertebrates Characteristics:SCALESFINSTHROATS WITH GILL SLITS

LAMPREY

HAGFISH

JAWLES FISH1.) These fish are the most PRIMITATIVE of all fishes (THEY ARE THE OLDEST!)2.) NO JAWS, SCALES, and PAIRED FINS.3.) The entire skeleton is made of CARTILAGE.Meaning these fish do not have any BONES.

JAWLESS FISH4.) The main form of support these fish have is from the NOTOCHORD.5.) Examples: LAMPREY and HAGFISH

JAWLESS FISH6.) LAMPREY has a suction-cup mouth, which is surrounded by sharp teeth. This mouth will attach to a fish and scrapes away at the fishs skin.

The lamprey then sucks up the TISSUES of its victim!

JAWLESS FISH7.) The hagfish uses four to six short TENTACLES that sound its nostrils and mouth as its sensory organ for TOUCH.8.) The hagfish feeds on DEAD or dying fishes by TEARING out pieces of the fish with its tongue and teeth-like structures.

TIGER SHARK

GREAT WHITE SHARK

BULLNOSED RAY

CARTILAGENOUS FISH1.) Cartilaginous fishes mainly include SHARKS, RAYS, and SKATES.2.) Sharks have a skeleton made of CARTILAGE with toothlike SCALES covering their bodies (makes their skin feel like sandpaper).3.) The body of a shark includes: a. TORPEDO-SHAPED BODYb. CURVED TAILc. ROUNDED SNOUT WITH MOUTH UNDERNEATH

CARTILAGENOUS FISH4.) Sharks have 3,000 very long teeth arranged in many rows inside its mouth.5.) Sharks that eat MOLLUSCS and CRUSTACEANS have FLATTENED teeth that help them CRUSH the shells of their prey.6.) The bodies of skates and rays are FLAT.

CARTILAGENOUS FISH7.) Skates and rays have two LARGE, BROAD fins that stick out from their sides. They beat these fins to MOVE through the water.8.) Rays and skates often lie on the ocean FLOOR where they HIDE by using their fins to cover their bodies with sand.9.) Some rays have a poisonous SPINE at the end of their long, thin tail, which is mainly used for DEFENSE rather than for catching PREY.ROCK BASS

BROOK TROUT

BLUEGILL SUNFISH

CARP

FLATHEAD CATFISH

NORTHERN PIKE

STRIPED BASS

COELACANTH

YELLOW PERCH

ATLANTIC SALMON

BONY FISH1.) These fish have a skeleton made up of HARD BONE.2.) There are two main categories of bony fishes: a.) LOBE- FINNED bony fishesb.) RAY- FINNED bony fishes

3.) Ray-finned bony fishes include PERCHES and SEA HORSES.4.) COELACANTHS are the only living species of lobe-finned bony fishes.

5.) Bony fishes have an SWIM BLADDER.This gas-filled sac gives bony fishes BUOYANCY or the ability to FLOAT in water. By inflating or deflating its swim bladder, a fish can float at DIFFERENT levels in the water.

So why do fish belly up when they die?

6.) Tuna travel in large numbers called SCHOOLS.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzZhSl_00pI&feature=related

1.) Circulatory System: CLOSED circulatory system, where BLOOD is contained within blood vessels. GILLS will provide the oxygen

Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the body: ATRIA

Chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the body: VENTRICLE

2.) EXCRETORY SYSTEMTube-like KIDNEYS that filter nitrogen-containing WASTES from the blood. Most fishes get rid of the nitrogen-containing wastes in the form of AMMONIA.This accumulation of ammonia is why you must always check the water quality of your aquariums!

AQUARIUM NITROGEN CYCLE

3.) SENSORY DETECTIONSince fishes do not hear sounds very well, fish can detect faint CURRENTS and VIBRATIONS in the water through a DISTANT - TOUCH system.Many fishes have a great sense of smell and taste. A shark can detect the presence of one drop of BLOOD in 115 liters of seawater.

FISH REPRODUCTIONEXTERNAL FERTILIZATIONThe female lays EGGS in water, and the MALE will cover the eggs in sperm to allow for fertilization OUTSIDE of the body. Examples: SALMON

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/lessons/the-lifecycle-of-salmon/enhanced-video-resource/7395/FISH REPRODUCTIONINTERNAL FERTILIZATIONFertilization will take place in the females body and the female will lay a FERTILIZED egg.Examples: SHARKS

AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS

FRESHWATER VS. MARINE FISH