Presented by : Amb Steve Mbugua

Makinika Afrika International

www.makinikaafrika.org

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FIRST AID MANAGEMENT

What is First Aid?

• First Aid is the immediate assistance or treatment given to someone injured or suddenly taken ill .

• First aid is administered before the victim is attended to by a doctor or nurse

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AIMS OF FIRST AID

• To preserve life

• To limit worsening of the situation

• To promote recovery

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• Trained

• Examined and regularly re-examined

• Up-to-date in knowledge and skill

• Work-place injuries or medical problems are best

handled by Occupational Health Nurse (OHN) or Occupational Medical Doctor (OMD)

The First-Aider should be:

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Responsibilities of First-Aiders

• To assess a situation quickly and safely

• To summon appropriate help

• To protect the casualties and others at the scene from possible danger

• To identify, as far as practicable, the injury or nature illness affecting a casualty

• To give early and appropriate treatment , treating the most serious conditions first.

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Responsibilities of First-Aiders

• To arrange taking of the casualty to hospital/home

• To remain with a casualty until appropriate care is

available

• To report initial observation to those taking over

care of the casualty and

• To give further assistance if required

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Protecting the Casualty

To avoid cross-infection when giving first aid, if

possible, you should:

Avoid direct contact with body fluids

Wash your hands

Wear protective gloves

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WORKPLACE FIRST AID FACILITIES

• Workplaces must have first aid facilities

(cupboards, boxes, kits) that are stocked at

least to the standard prescribed by Legal

Notice no. 160 of 1977.

• Every first aid facility must be kept under

the charge of a trained first-aider and both

must be readily available during working

hours.

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Legal Notice No. 160 THE FACTORIES (FIRST AID) RULES, 1977

1. These rules may be cited as the Factories (First Aid) Rules, 1977.

2. Contents of the First-aid Boxes

• In every factory there shall be provided, maintained and readily available and accessible in every first aid box or cupboard required under section 50 (1) of the Act items in accordance with the following –

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a) In every factory in which the number of

employee does not exceed ten-

i. a copy of the first aid leaflet (L.D. 250/1);

ii. a sufficient number (not less than six) of small

sterilized unmedicated dressings for injured

fingers;

iii. a sufficient number (not less than three) of

medium sized sterilized unmedicated dressings

for injured hands or feet;

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iv. a sufficient number (not less than three) of large sized

sterilized umedicated dressings for other injured parts;

v. a sufficient number (not less than twelve) of adhesive

wound dressings of a suitable type of assorted sizes;

vi. a sufficient number (not less than two) of triangular

bandages of unbleached calico, the longest size of which

measures not less than one hundred and thirty

centimetres and each of the other sides not less than

ninety-one centimetres;

vii. a sufficient supply of adhesive plaster;

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viii.a sufficient supply of absorbent sterilized cotton

wool, in fourteen-gram packets;

ix. a sufficient supply of Factory Eye Drops, B.P.C.;

x. a sufficient number (not less than two) of

sterilized eye-pads in separate sealed packets;

xi. a tourniquet; and

xii. a sufficient supply of safety pins;

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b) In every factory in which the number of employees exceeds ten but does not exceed fifty –

c) In every factory in which the number of employee exceeds fifty -

3. Grade and quality of drugs and dressings

• All materials for drugs and dressings contained in first aid boxes or cupboards shall be those designated in, and of a grade or quality not lower than the standards specified by the British Pharmaceutical Codex or any supplement thereof

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Every first aid box or cupboard shall be plainly and clearly marked on the outside with the words “FIRST AID”.

In every factory where there are more than ten but less than fifty employees there shall be at least two persons trained in first aid and at least one such person shall always be available in the work place at all times during all working hours.

In every factory where there are more than fifty but less than one hundred employees there shall be at least three persons trained in first aid and at least one such person shall always be available in the work place at all times during all working hours.

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In every factory where there are more than one hundred employees but less than fifty employees there shall be at least three persons trained in first aid, plus one additional person for each extra hundred employees (or part thereof) beyond the first one hundred employees, and two such trained persons shall always be available in the work place at all times during all working hours.

In every factory where more than five hundred persons are employed there shall be a first-aid room which shall always be open and manned by a trained nurse during working hours.

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Qualifications of First Aiders

No person shall be placed in charge of a first aid box or cupboard unless he or she has received adequate training in the application of first aid to injured persons and holds a certificate of competence issued by –

• the St. John Ambulance of the St. John Council of Kenya;

• the Kenya Red Cross Society;

• * Other institutions have been approved through Kenya Gazette Notice No. 1864 of 11th March, 2005.

Provided that any certificate of competence issued in

accordance with this paragraph shall be valid for one year only and must be renewed annually.

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Application of Rules

The Provisions of these Rules apply to both day and night shifts and during all the hours a factory is open.

Offences, penalties and legal proceedings

Where offence is committed under these Rules, the owner of the occupier of the factory concerned, as the case may be, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to a fine of Kshs. 10,000/=

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L.D. 250/1 – First Aid Treatment of minor

injuries

• This advice is concerned only with First Aid. It is not a substitute for attention by a doctor or a trained nurse. If medical aid is going to be needed urgently, send for a doctor or ambulance immediately.

General

• If the casualty has stopped breathing, from whatever cause, artificial respiration must be started at once before any other treatment is given and should be continued until breathing is restored.

• Where there is shock, keep the casualty lying down and comfortable. Cover with a light blanket or clothing. Do not give drink or anything by mouth if there seems to be an internal injury.

• Wash your hands before treating wounds, burns or eye injury.

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Minor wounds and scratches

• All wounds and scratches, even minor ones, should receive attention immediately. Cover the wound as soon as possible with sterilized dressing or adhesive wound dressing. Warn the casualty that this is a first dressing and that further attention is needed.

SERIOUS INJURIES

Bleeding

• Stop the bleeding at once either by firm bandaging or, in severe cases, by a tourniquet. If a tourniquet is used it must be released momentarily every 15 minutes. Send promptly for a doctor or ambulance.

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Fractures

• Do not attempt to move a casualty with broken bones or injuries at joints until the injured parts have been secured with triangular bandages so that they cannot move. An injured leg may be tied to the uninjured one, and an injured arm tied to the body, padding between with cotton wool. Splints should be used when a casualty is to be transported over a long distance.

Burns or Scalds

• If serious, send promptly for a doctor or ambulance. Put a sterilized dressing on the burn or scald. Never use an adhesive wound dressing.

• Do not burst blisters or remove clothing sticking to the burn or scald.

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• Chemical burns: Remove all contaminated clothing and

flush the burn with plenty of cold water. Apply a sterilized

dressing.

Eye Injuries

• Something in the Eye: If the object cannot be removed

readily with sterilized cotton wool moistened with water,

or if the eye hurts after removal of the object, apply two or

three eye drops by means of the camel-hair brush, cover

the eye with an eye-pad and bandage firmly so as to keep

the eye shut and still. Send the casualty to a doctor or

hospital quickly.

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• Injury from a blow: Cover the eye with an eye-pad and send the

casualty at once for medical treatment. Do not apply eye drops.

• Chemical in the eye or Chemical Burn: Flush the open eye at once

with clean cold water and continue washing the eye for at least 15

minutes. (A good method is to get the casualty to put his face under

water and make him blink his eyes). Then cover with an eye-pad. Do

not apply eye drops. Send the casualty to a doctor or hospital quickly.

• Heat Burn: Cover the eye with an eye-pad and send the casualty

immediately to a doctor or hospital. Do not apply eye drops.

• Bandaging for Eye Injuries: The eye-pad is kept in place by the

covering bandage running under the ear next to the injured eye and

above the other ear.

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ELECTRIC SHOCK

• Switch off the current. If this is impossible, free the

person, using something made of rubber, cloth or wood or

a folded newspaper; use the casualty’s own clothing if dry.

Do not touch his skin before the current is switched off.

• If breathing is failing or has stopped, give artificial

respiration and continue for some hours if necessary. Get

help and send for a doctor.

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OTHER REQUIREMENTS:

• Means of summoning further medical aid

should be available.

• All injuries should be reported and recorded

as soon as practicable.

• Injuries where a person is disabled for at

least three days should be entered in part III

of the General Register.

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Bye Bye!

• Wishing a Safer and Healthier Future.

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