1

“Five Pillars of Effective Reading Instruction”

Phonological Awareness

Phonics

Fluency

Vocabulary

Comprehension

Comprehension Is the Umbrella

2

1st Facet: Comprehension-FacilitatingExperiences

Opportunities to Talk

Text-Level Comprehension Strategies

Opportunities to Read

Vocabulary

Opportunities to Write

Accuracy andAutomaticity

BackgroundKnowledge

Fluency

Comprehension-MonitoringStrategies

2nd Facet: FOCUS--A Wise andNecessary Division of Labor

Second Grade:

“Visualize” to experience

Think about text structure toget the big picture

Acquire and use backgroundknowledge

Third Grade:

Ask questions andwonder to engage

Summarize to determineimportance

Read with a purpose andadjust your readingaccordingly

3

Direct-Strategy Instruction:Thinking About Text Structure

The Strategy Board

2nd Facet: FOCUS--A Wise andNecessary Division of Labor

Second Grade:

“Visualize” to experience

Think about text structureto get the big picture

Acquire and usebackground knowledge

Third Grade:

Ask questions andwonder to engage

Summarize to determineimportance

Read with a purpose andadjust your readingaccordingly

4

Nonfiction Text:Organizational Structures

(Nonfiction in Focus, Kristo and Bamford)

Compare-Contrast

Enumerative

Cause-Effect

Sequential

Narrative

Chronological

Question- Answer