All MMP volunteers, 1994 through 1999, and the years that they surveyed. Thank you for participating!

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MMP Volunteers

State/Province Name Years Participating State/Province Name Years Participating

41

MMP Volunteers

State/Province Name Years Participating State/Province Name Years Participating

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MMP Volunteers

State/Province Name Years Participating State/Province Name Years Participating

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MMP Volunteers

State/Province Name Years Participating State/Province Name Years Participating

MMP Surveyor: BSC Files

Austen M.J.W., Cadman, M.D., and R.D. James. 1994. Ontario Birds at Risk: Status and Conservation Needs. Federation of OntarioNaturalists and Long Point Bird Observatory. 165 pp.

Conway, C.J. 1995. Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola). In The Birds of North America. No. 173 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). The Academy ofNatural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

Couturier, A. 2000. Conservation Rankings for Birds of the Grand River Basin: A Tool for Conservation and Management. UnpublishedBird Studies Canada report, 20 pp (plus appendices).

Dahl, T.E. 1990. Wetland Losses in the United States 1780s to 1980s. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service,Washington D.C. 21 pp.

Demayo, A., and E. Watt. 1993. Glossary of Water Terms: English – French. Published with the assistance of Environment Canadaand Canadian Water Resources Association.

Diagle, C. 1997. Distribution and Abundance of the Chorus Frog, Pseudacris triseriata, in Quebec. In Amphibians in Decline: CanadianStudies of a Global Problem (D. M. Green, ed.). The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Saint Louis, Missouri.

Environment Canada, and United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. State of the Great Lakes: 1997 – The Year of theNearshore.

Gibbs J.P., Reid, F.A. and S.M. Melvin. 1992. Least Bittern (Ixobrychus exilis). In The Birds of North America, No. 17 (A. Poole and F.Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

Government of Canada and United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1995. The Great Lakes: An Environmental Atlas andResource Book. Third Edition.

Green, D.M. (ed.) 1997. Amphibians in Decline: Canadian Studies of a Global Problem. The Society for the Study of Amphibians andReptiles, Saint Louis, Missouri.

Green, D.M. 1992. Fowler’s Toads (Bufo woodhousei fowleri) at Long Point, Ontario: Changing Abundance and Implications forConservation. In: Declines in Canadian amphibian populations: designing a national monitoring strategy. Occasional Paper 76.(Bishop, C.A. and K.E. Petit eds.). Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. 120 pp.

Heyer, W.R., Donnelly, M.A., McDiarmid, R.W., Hayek, L.C., and M.S. Foster. 1994. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity:Standard Methods for Amphibians. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C. 364 pp.

Melvin S.M. and J.P. Gibbs. 1996. Sora (Porzana carolina). In: The Birds of North America, No. 250 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). TheAcademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

Mitsch, W.J. and J.G. Gosselink. 1993. Wetlands. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.

Oldham, M.J. 1992. Declines in Blanchard’s Cricket Frog in Ontario. In: Declines in Canadian Amphibian Populations: Designing aNational Monitoring Strategy. Occasional Paper 76. (Bishop, C.A. and K.E. Petit eds.). Canadian Wildlife Service, EnvironmentCanada, Ottawa, Ontario. 120 pp.

Petrie, S. 1998. Waterfowl and Wetlands of Long Point Bay and Old Norfolk County: Present Conditions and Future Options forConservation. Report for the Norfolk Land Stewardship Council.

Sauer, J.R., Hines, J.E., Thomas, I., Fallon, J., and G. Gough. 1999. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, Results and Analysis1966-1998. Version 98.1, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD. Web Site: www.mbr.nbs.gov/bbs/bbs.html

Snell, E.A. 1987. Wetland Distribution and Conversion in Southern Ontario. Working Paper No. 48. Inland Waters and LandsDirectorate. Environment Canada.

Stebbins R.C., and N.W. Cohen. 1995. A Natural History of Amphibians. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 316 pp.

Tyning, T.F. 1990. A Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles. (Stokes, D.W. and L.Q. Stokes eds.) Little, Brown and Company, Toronto.

U.S. EPA. 2000. Principles for the Ecological Restoration of Aquatic Resources. EPA 841-F-00-003. Office of Water (4501F), UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency. Washington D.C. 4 pp.

Weller, M.W. 1987. Freshwater Marshes: Ecology and Wildlife Management. Second Edition. University of Minnesota Press,Minneapolis.

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References

A sampling of web sites with information relevant to this report.

Birds

Bird Studies Canada (www.bsc-eoc.org)

Breeding Bird Survey (www.mbr.nbs.gov/bbs/bbs.html)

Christmas Bird Count (www.mbr.nbs.gov/bbs/cbc.html)

BIRDNET (www.nmnh.si.edu/BIRDNET/)

BirdSource, Cornell Lab of Ornithology (birdsource.cornell.edu/)

Partners in Flight – U.S. (www.partnersinflight.org/)

Partners in Flight – Canada (www.cws-scf.ec.gc.ca/canbird/pif/p_intro.htm)

“Conservation Priorities for the Birds of Southern Ontario” (Couturier, 2000) (www.bsc-eoc.org/conservation/conservmain.html)

Amphibians

North American Amphibian Monitoring Network (www.im.nbs.gov/amphibs.html)

North American Amphibian Monitoring Program – Regional Programs web site (www.mp1-pwrc.usgs.gov/amphib/regions/regions.html)

Frogwatch USA (www.mp2-pwrc.usgs.gov/frogwatch/index.htm)

Ontario Frogwatch/Adopt-A-Pond through the Toronto Zoo (contact through National Frogwatch (eqb-dqe.cciw.ca/emanops/intro.html))

Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC) (www.parcplace.org/default.htm)

Frogwatch Ontario (eqb-dqe.cciw.ca/emanops/frogwatch/ontario/intro.html)

The Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force (www.open.ac.uk/daptf/ )

Canadian Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Network (CARCNET) (eqb-dqe.cciw.ca/partners/carcnet/)

Amphibian Road Call Counts and Backyard Surveys (see the Projects page of CWS’s WILDSPACE web site;

www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/wildspace/intro.html)

Other

Bird Studies Canada (www.bsc-eoc.org/)

Great Lakes Information Network (www.great-lakes.net/)

Great Lakes United (www.glu.org/)

Society of Wetland Scientists (www.sws.org/)

Ducks Unlimited Canada (www.ducks.ca/)

Ducks Unlimited Canada Wetland Education Material for Teachers and Students (www.ducks.ca/edu/resource.html)

Ducks Unlimited U.S. (www.ducks.org/)

Wetland Habitat Fund (www.wetlandfund.com)

United States Government

U.S. EPA Office of Water (www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/)

U.S. EPA Office of Water River Corridor and Wetland Restoration (www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/restore/)

National Wetlands Inventory Center (wetlands.fws.gov/)

EPA Wetlands Information Hotline (www.epa.gov/OWOW/wetlands/wetline.html), U.S. 1-800-832-7828, in Canada (703) 748-1304 or

(703) 704-1305

U.S. EPA Great Lakes National Program Office (www.epa.gov/glnpo/) - SOLEC information (www.epa.gov/glnpo/solec/)

Canadian Government

Environment Canada – Great Lakes Wetlands Conservation Action Plan (www.on.ec.gc.ca/green-lane/wildlife/glwcap/)

Environment Canada’s Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (eqb-dqe.cciw.ca/eman/emanhome.html)

Wetland Inventory for Research and Education Network (www.on.ec.gc.ca/glimr/wirenet/)

Environment Canada – Ontario Region Great Lakes web site (www.on.ec.gc.ca/glimr/intro.html)

Environment Canada – Ontario Region (www.on.ec.gc.ca) – SOLEC information (www.on.ec.gc.ca/solec/intro.html)

Canadian Wildlife Service’s WILDSPACE (www.on.ec.gc.ca/green-lane/wildlife/wildspace/)

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Internet Resources

bog – wetlands with no significant inflows or outflows, receiving water primarily from the atmosphere (EC and U.S. EPA, 1997).

drainage basin – the area tributary to or draining to a lake, stream, reservoir, or other body of water (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) – a highly toxic, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. DDT is now banned from use in NorthAmerica, but residual amounts remain in the aquatic environment from the long history of its use and environmental persistence (ECand U.S. EPA, 1997).

ecoregion – large landscape area defined by climate, physical characteristics, and the plants and animals that are able to live there (ECand U.S. EPA, 1997).

ecosystem – a natural unit consisting of living and nonliving parts interacting with each other (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

ecosystem function – energy flow and material production cycling within an ecosystem (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

emergent – a plant that grows rooted in shallow water but the bulk of which emerges from the water and stands vertically. Usuallyapplied to herbaceous rather than woody vegetation (Weller, 1987).

endangered species – any indigenous species of fauna or flora whose existence is threatened with extinction through all or a significantportion of its range, usually owing to the action of human beings (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

environmental stress – perturbations likely to cause observable changes in ecosystems (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

eutrophication – the process of over-fertilization of a body of water by nutrients producing more organic matter than the self-purificationreactions can overcome (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

exotic – non-native plant and animal species (EC and U.S. EPA, 1997). Often very successful as a species but may compete with nativeforms (Weller, 1987).

fen – a unique and localized sedge-moss wetland produced where slightly alkaline water emerges at the surface. Bogs have similartypes of vegetation but tend to be acidic (Weller, 1987).

fresh water – continental waters, underground or surface (e.g. rivers, lakes). Also water containing no significant amounts of salts, suchas in rivers and lakes (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

habitat – the place where an organism lives, including its biotic and abiotic components. Habitat includes everything an organism needsto survive (EC and U.S. EPA, 1997).

headwater – upstream part of a river near its source (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

huge wetland – defined in the MMP protocol as wetlands greater than 50 hectares (125 acres).

indigenous – native to a region (EC and U.S. EPA, 1997).

large wetland – defined in the MMP protocol as wetlands between 25 and 50 hectares (60-125 acres).

marsh – wetland areas dominated by water-tolerant, soft-bodied emergent plants, usually found in a basin of shallow water or onsaturated soils fed by underground water sources (Weller, 1987).

medium wetland – defined in the MMP protocol as wetlands between 5 and 25 hectares (12-60 acres).

riparian – pertaining to or situated on the banks of a lake or river (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

small wetland – defined in the MMP protocol as wetlands between 2.5 and 5 hectares (6 to 12 acres).

swamp – a flat, wet area usually or periodically covered by standing water and supporting a growth of trees, shrubs, and grasses; incontrast to a bog the organic soil is thin and readily permeated by roots and nutrients (Demayo & Watt, 1993).

tiny wetland – defined in the MMP protocol as wetlands between 1.5 and 2.5 hectares (3.5 to 6 acres).

watershed – land area that delivers runoff water, sediment, and dissolved substances to a major lake or river and its tributaries (ECand U.S. EPA, 1997).

wetland – land containing high quantities of soil moisture (i.e. where the water table is at or near the surface for most of the year)(Demayo & Watt, 1993).

46

Glossary

AOC – Area of Concern

AS – Area Sensitivity

BIA – Biodiversity Investment Area

BSC – Bird Studies Canada

CARCNET – Canadian Amphibian and ReptileConservation Network

COA – Canada-Ontario Agreement Respecting theGreat Lakes Basin Ecosystem

COSEWIC – Committee on the Status of EndangeredWildlife in Canada

CWS – Canadian Wildlife Service

DDT – Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

EC – Environment Canada

EPA – Environmental Protection Agency

ESA – Endangered Species Act

GIS – Geographic Information System

GLWCAP – Great Lakes Wetlands Conservation Action Plan

GLWQA – Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement

IBA – Important Birds Area

IJC – International Joint Commission

JR – Jurisdictional Responsibility

MMP – Marsh Monitoring Program

NABCI – North American Bird Conservation Initiative

NWA – National Wildlife Area

PARC – Partners in Amphibian Conservation

PR – Preservation Responsibility

RAP – Remedial Action Plan

SARA – Species At Risk Act

SOLEC – State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conference

47

List of Acronyms

King Rail: J. Shore

48

Notes

The MMP offers everyone – from amateur naturalists to professional biologists – a unique and rewardingopportunity to help conserve Great Lakes amphibians and birds and their threatened wetland habitats.Consider joining a network of others who are concerned about wetlands and their inhabitants, and whogenerously contribute their time and talents to the conservation of these rich and valuable componentsof our natural heritage.

For further information please contact:

Bird Studies CanadaP.O. Box 160Port Rowan, Ontario N0E 1M0 CanadaToll free: 1-888-448-2473FAX: (519) 586-3532Email: aqsurvey@bsc-eoc.orgWeb site: www.bsc-eoc.org

Front Cover PhotosTop right - MMP Volunteer: L. MaynardCentre - D. TozerBottom left - Marsh Wren: M. BradstreetBottom centre - MMP Volunteer: L. BurtBottom right - Spring Peeper: M. Gartshore

Inside Back CoverR. Weeber

Great Blue Heron: J. Mitchell