Annotated Bibliography

Brizuela, G., S. Llana, R. Ferrandis, and A. C. Garcia-Belenguer. 1997. "The influence of basketball shoes with increased ankle support on shock attenuation and performance in running and jumping." Journal Of Sports Sciences 15, no. 5: 505-515. SPORTDiscus withFull Text, EBSCOhost (accessed February 25, 2014).

Brizuela, G., S. Llana, R. Ferrandis, and A. C. Garcia-Belenguer focused on the influence of footwear with increased ankled support on ankle kinematics and on impact loads during landing from a vertical jump using high-speed cinematography, dynamometry and accelerometry in a series of tests in which a rebound action was simulated. This paper provided some data that they tested. They selected several male students who played basketball and let them wear two prototype shoes which are high-top and low-top. They used high-tech equipment to the effect of ankle support on shock attenuation when landing after jumping. The result showed that for the barefoot jumping condition, the forehead acceleration was found to be significantly lower than the high-support shoe. An increase in the delay between forefoot and heel impact forces was found in this condition in comparison with the low-support shoe. This research paper has several figures and data that show specific number and differences between two types of shoes and I will use them in my paper.

Wing Kai Lam , Thorsten Sterzing & Jason Tak-Man Cheung (2011) “Reliability of a basketball specific testing protocol for footwear fit and comfort perception.” Footwear Science, (accessed February 25, 2014).

Fit and comfort of basketball shoes are important aspect for consumers and manufacturers, as they are related to athletic performance., fatigue and injury development. In order to test the fit and comfort of basketball shoes, the BSC incorporated a sequence of acceleration, deceleration, lateral shuffling, lay-up, backward running, jumping, and landing movements. They selected nineteen male university players and wore six different basketball shoes. They measured heel-cushion, forefoot cushion, heel region, collar of these shoes and let those players rated the shoes, so they can analysis which shoes is most fit and comfort and why. The result showed that shoe with high-top, minimal padding and large sole heel thickness is more comfortable. This paper have many specific detail data about each pair of shoes and players feedback, so there are lots of comparison between every pair of shoes. I can use these comparison to find which combination is the better choice and what kind of shoes can make players feel more comfortable and improve their performance.

Fong, Daniel Tik-Pui, Hong Youlian, and Li Jing Xian. 2007. "Cushioning and lateral stability functions of cloth sport shoes." Sports Biomechanics 6, no. 3: 407-417. SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost (accessed February 25, 2014).

This paper evaluated the protective functions of cloth sport shoes, including cushioning and lateral stability. So this group selected twelve students participated in this research. They tested several different shoes, which are cloth sport shoes, running shoes, basketball shoes, cross-training shoes and barefoot condition. One of the most important data that they focus on is impact force. As we all know, most players are in big size, so they need better shoes to decrease impact force on their body when they jumping or doing other movements. They set some equipments in a room that test the impact force when testers jump from a 3.8 m box and let testers crossing running to test the lateral stability. The result showed that the cloth sport shoes has 2.55 BW of impact force but basketball shoes only has 2.37 BW of impact force. So basketball shoes really can reduce the impact force. However, the lateral stability is no differences among these shoes. In this paper, I noticed that they test cloth sort shoes and basketball shoes. As we all know, 30 years ago, basketball players wore cloth sport shoes to play basketball, but now they wear high-tech basketball shoes to play. So it an let me write a good comparison between the old technology of cloth sport shoes and basketball shoes.

Torsten Brauner, Marc Zwinzscher and Thorsten Sterzing. 2012. “Basketball footwear requirements are dependent on playing position.” Footwear Science, (accessed February 25, 2014).

This study aimed to investigate players’ subjective demands of basketball footwear according to playing position and respective physical game requirements. A supervised questionnaire survey of 165 basketball players of heterogeneous skill level was carried out. They were divided into three sections(a) subject profile, (b) athletic demands of playing positions, and (c) basketball footwear. The χ2 test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical evaluation of the non-parametric data.The three playing positions have very different physical profiles: guards require speed and agility, centers require strength and strong leaping ability, and forward players are versatile all-rounders. Overall, ankle stability was rated the most important shoe characteristic and mid-cut uppers were favored by the majority of players. Shoe preferences differed only marginally between playing positions: guards put more emphasis on low-weight and more flexible shoes whereas center players prefer shoes with high stability and injury protection. Accordingly, center player favored high-cut uppers.The findings reveal the potential for two position-specific basketball shoe models: a low- to mid-cut agility shoe model for guards and small forwards that has high traction and is supportive during acceleration and cutting movements, and a mid- to high-cut stability shoe for power forwards and centers with the focus on ankle stability and jumping performance. The stability

shoe could easily be complemented with additional ankle braces.

Torsten Brauner, Marc Zwinzscher and Thorsten Sterzing. 2012. “Basketball shoes: what players wear and what they demand.” Footwear Science, (accessed February 25, 2014).

This paper was describe basketball player’s footwear habits, their views on specific physical demands due to playing position and their expectation regarding the importance of basketball shoe characteristics. A total of 164 male active basketball players were included in this survey. It was divided into three part: A asking players for their current footwear properties. B asking players to rank from one(most important) to three (least important) the following six athletic characteristics regarding their importance for three playing positions: strength,vertical jump, sprinting, acceleration,agility and cutting. C asking for choosing five out of nine basketball shoes characteristics: stability, flexibility, low shoe weight, comfort, traction, injury, protection, cushioning, breathability and to rank from 1 to 3. The result showed that 52% of center players favored high cut shoes. Guards are characterized as quick and agile, forwards as all-rounders with high jumping abilities and centers as strong and high jumping athletes. I can use these data value to talk about what shoes that different player’s position like and why they like these characteristics of this shoes and how they improve their performance.

Nestor W. Sherman & Mike Daniela , 2002. “Effects of High-Top and Low-Top Shoes on Ankle Inversion.”Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, (accessed February 25, 2014).

Ankle injury are very common among participants in basketball playing. How to use high technology and better design to protect players is important. So this paper focus on the effects of high-top and low-top shoes on ankle inversion. So the researchers measured the amount of inversion, the average rate of inversion and the maximum amount of inversion in 20 college age male. During the test, the subjects stood on a platform with their weight on their right foot, balancing only the toes of their left foot, then the support right foot was unexpectedly removed, allowing a 35 degree inversion to occur in ankle and analysis it with a computer. The result showed that the high-top shoes decreased the total amount of inversion by 4.5 degree, decreased the maximum amount of inversion by 100.1 degree per second, and decreased the average amount of inversion by 73 degree per second, so it showed that high-top shoes can significantly reduce the risk of ankle inversion and provided better protection

for basketball players. I can use these data to compare the effects of different height collar of basketball shoes.