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FIZAHAN�TAKELAKA�
FAMPIDIRANA��ANKAPOBENY�......................................................................................................................................�5�FOMBA�FAMPIASANA�NY�BOKY�...................................................................................................................................�5�1.� Ny��fomba�fitondrana�tetikasa�mahomby�sy�maharitra�.......................................................................................�6�1.1.� Inona�no�atao�hoe�tetikasatetikasa?�................................................................................................................�6�1.1.1.� Ny�Fijerena�Ifotony�.......................................................................................................................................�6�1.1.2.� Ny�fanoratana�ny�taratasy�fangatahana�famatsiam�bola�............................................................................�6�1.1.3.� Fanantanterahana�sy�Fanjohiana�.................................................................................................................�6�1.1.4.� Fanaovana�tomban’ezaka�............................................................................................................................�6�1.2.� Fisafidianana�ny��tetikasa�velontena�................................................................................................................�7�1.2.1.� Fambolena....................................................................................................................................................�7�1.2.1.1.� Fanatsarana�ny�tany�sy�ady�amin’ny�ahi�dratsy�ary�fambolena�amin’ny�tany�misolampy�......................�7�1.2.1.2.� Karazam�boly�velontena�..........................................................................................................................�8�1.2.2.� Fiompiana�.....................................................................................................................................................�9�1.2.3.� Asa�tanana�...................................................................................................................................................�9�1.2.4.� Zahavoaary�.................................................................................................................................................�10�1.2.5.� Foto�drafitr’asa�..........................................................................................................................................�10�1.3.� Findramam�bola�sy�ny�fanantaterahana�tetikasa�..........................................................................................�11�1.4.� Ireo�mason�tsivana�fifidianana�ny�faritra�sy�ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�mivantana�.........................................�11�1.5.� Ny�andraikitry�ny�tetikasa�sy�ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�mivantana�.................................................................�11�1.6.� Ny�andraikitry�ny�mpitondra��isan’ambaratonga�sy�ireo�mpiara��miombon’antoka�eo�an�toerana�.............�11�1.7.� Ny�fomba�fiasan’ny�tetikasa�...........................................................................................................................�11�1.7.1.� Teknika�ho�an’ny�fiaraha�monina�sy�fampandraisana��anjara�...................................................................�12�1.7.2.� Teknika�sekoly�maintso�ho�an’ny�tantsaha�................................................................................................�12�1.7.3.� Teknika��ara�paritra�....................................................................................................................................�12�1.7.4.� Tetika�fampandraisana�anjara�ny�lahy�sy�vavy�...........................................................................................�12�1.8.� Ireo��fomba�fanofanana�sy�fampitàna�ny�fahaiza�manao�..............................................................................�12�1.8.1.� Ny��andragojia�............................................................................................................................................�13�1.8.2.� Fitsidihana�fifanakalozana�..........................................................................................................................�13�1.8.3.� Fiofanana�mihanaka�...................................................................................................................................�13�1.8.4.� Programa�alefa�amin’ny�onjam�peo�..........................................................................................................�13�1.8.5.� Vala�fampisehoana�.....................................................................................................................................�13�1.8.6.� Dia�lavitra�sy�fianarana�...............................................................................................................................�13�2.� Ny�fanamafisana�ny��fahaiza�manao��sy�ny�rindran�damina�eo�anivon’ny�tantsaha�.........................................�13�2.1.� Ny�fanamafisana�ny��fahaiza�manao�..............................................................................................................�13�2.2.� Ny�Rindran�daminana�....................................................................................................................................�14�2.2.1.� Ny��olona�tsirairay�......................................................................................................................................�14�2.2.2.� Ny�fikambanana�.........................................................................................................................................�14�2.2.2.1.� Famaritana�ankapobeny�........................................................................................................................�14�2.2.2.2.� Ny��fananganana�ny�fikambanana�..........................................................................................................�14�2.2.2.3.� Ny�fepetra�mampahomby�ny�fikambanan’ny�tantsaha�.........................................................................�15�2.2.3.� Federasiona�................................................................................................................................................�15�2.2.4.� Kaoperativa�................................................................................................................................................�15�2.2.4.1.� Famaritana�ny�atao�hoe�“Kaoperativa”�.................................................................................................�15�2.3.� Ny�Fitarihana�..................................................................................................................................................�16�2.3.1.� Toetra�tsara�ilain’ny�mpitarika�...................................................................................................................�16�2.3.2.� Inona�avy�ny��karazana�fomba�fitarihana�...................................................................................................�16�2.3.3.� Fitarihana�sy�ny�fitantanana�.......................................................................................................................�17�2.3.4.� Ny�fomba�fitarihana�mahomby�..................................................................................................................�17�2.3.5.� Ny�ekipa�na�fikambanana�mandresy�..........................................................................................................�18�2.3.6.� Mitarika�ekipa�hiatrika�fanamby�................................................................................................................�18�2.4.� Fifandraisana�..................................................................................................................................................�19�2.4.1.� Ireo�fototra�dimy�iorenan’ny�fifandraisana�................................................................................................�19�2.4.2.� Ireo�fanoitra�amin’ny�fifandraisana�...........................................................................................................�19�2.4.3.� Fomba�fanomezana�valin�kafatra�..............................................................................................................�20�2.4.4.� Fomba�fandraisana�valin�kafatra�...............................................................................................................�20�
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TOVANA�.....................................................................................................................................................................�21�Tovana�1:�Ny�olana�mety�mitranga�sy�ny�araraotra�misy�ary�ireo�torolàlanatorolàlana�...........................................�22�Tovana�2:�Drafitry�ny�taratasy�fangatahana�famatsiam�bola�....................................................................................�23�Tovana�3:�Fanadihadihana�ny�tetikasa�velontena�.....................................................................................................�24�Tovana�4:Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa�.....................................................................�25�Tovana�5:��Ireo�lalàna�mifehy�ny�fikambanana�..........................................................................................................�27�Tovana�6:�Programan’asa��isan�taona�(PAIT)�.............................................................................................................�28�Tovana�7:�Vinavinam�bola�.........................................................................................................................................�29�Boky�nanovozan�kevitra�.............................................................................................................................................�30�������������������������������������� �
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LISITRY�NY�SARY��SARY�1:�Tsingerin’ny�tetikasa�.............................................................................................................................................�6�SARY�2�:�Rako�belona�Tephrosia�........................................................................................................................................�7�SARY�3�:�Rako�maty�mololo�................................................................................................................................................�7�SARY�4�:�Tsipika�mira�ahabo,�fambolena�amin’ny�tany�misolampy�...................................................................................�7�SARY�5:�Taharon’ny�komposta�...........................................................................................................................................�7�SARY�6:�Komposta�efa��vita�................................................................................................................................................�7�SARY�7:�Finjijana,�voly�vary�................................................................................................................................................�8�SARY�8:�Vokatra��mangahazo,�............................................................................................................................................�8�SARY�9:�Voly�avotra,�ovy�....................................................................................................................................................�8�SARY�10�:�Voly�kokaombra�.................................................................................................................................................�8�SARY�11�:�Fampiarahana�voly�voankazo�na�hazo��sy�voly��hafa�.........................................................................................�8�SARY�12:�Voly�mananasy�....................................................................................................................................................�8�SARY�13�:�Foaram�bokatra�.................................................................................................................................................�8�SARY�14:�Sompitra�iombonana,�.........................................................................................................................................�8�SARY�15�:�Fiompiana�Tantely�..............................................................................................................................................�9�SARY�16:�Fiompiana�akoho�gasy�........................................................................................................................................�9�SARY�17�:�Fiompiana�trondro�.............................................................................................................................................�9�SARY�18�:�Fanaovana�tenona�rofia�.....................................................................................................................................�9�SARY�19:�Harona,�vita�amin’ny�ravin�dahasa�.....................................................................................................................�9�SARY�20:�Tsenan’ny�«�coopérative�artisanale�de�Fandriana�»�(CAF)�.................................................................................�9�SARY�21:�Babakoto,�..........................................................................................................................................................�10�SARY�22:�Efitra�fandraisam�bahiny,�.................................................................................................................................�10�SARY�23�:��Ireo�fotodrafitr’asa,�TAMS�Andasibe�...............................................................................................................�10�SARY�24:�Fampidirana�rano�madio,�Malawi�.....................................................................................................................�11�SARY�25:�“Unité�de�centralisation�et�de�vente”�UCV�(kaoperativa)�................................................................................�11�SARY�26:��Fanamboarana�lakandrano,�.............................................................................................................................�11�SARY�27:�Fivoriambem�paritra�.........................................................................................................................................�12�SARY�28�:�Teknika�sekoly�maintso,�Fikambanana�Mintsinjo�............................................................................................�12�SARY�29�:�Fikambanana�mpanao�asa�tanana�...................................................................................................................�12�SARY�30�:�Fiofanana�olo�dehibe�.......................................................................................................................................�12�SARY�33:�Fizarana�fitaovana,�sarikilezy,�fanondrahana,�angady�sns�................................................................................�14�SARY�34:�Fizarana�akora,�rofia�.........................................................................................................................................�14�SARY�35:�Fizarana�zezika�biolojika....................................................................................................................................�14�SARY�31�:�Vala�fampisehoana,�fambolem�bary�................................................................................................................�13�SARY�32�:�Fiaingan’ny�tantsaha�hanao�tsidihana�fanadihadihana�...................................................................................�13�SARY�36�:�Maurice�RAZAKAMANOTRONA�,Tantsaha�modely�..........................................................................................�14�SARY�37�:�Fikambanana�mpanao�asa�tanana,�..................................................................................................................�14�SARY�38:�Fivoaran’ny�fikambanan’ny�Tantsaha�(federasiona)�........................................................................................�15�SARY�39�:�Ireo�fomba�fitarihana�.......................................................................................................................................�16�SARY�40:�Mitarika�sy�mitantana�mba�hahazoana�vokatra�tsara�......................................................................................�17�SARY�41:�Ekipa�na�fikambanana�mandresy�......................................................................................................................�18�SARY�42:�Modely�FANAMBY�.............................................................................................................................................�18�SARY�43:�Ireo�fototra�dimy�iorenan’ny�fifandraisana�......................................................................................................�19�SARY�44:�Ireo�fanoitry�ny�fifandraisana�...........................................................................................................................�19�
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LISITRY�NY�TABILAO��Tabilao�1:�Olana�mety�mitranga�sy�ny�araraotra�misy�ary�ny�torolalana�.........................................................................�22�Tabilao�2:�Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa��amin’ny�fambolena�.........................................�25�Tabilao�3:�Fandraisan’�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa�amin’ny�Fiompiana�...........................................�25�Tabilao�4:�Fandraisan’anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa��amin’ny�sopitra�iombonana�..............................�25�Tabilao�5:��Fandraisan’�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa�eo�amin’ny�asa�tànana�....................................�25�Tabilao�6:��Fandraisan’anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa�amin’ny�foto�drafitr’asa�....................................�25�Tabilao�7�:Fandraisan’anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa�eo�amin’ny�Ekotorisma�......................................�26�Tabilao�8:�Fandraisan’anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa��amin’ny�kaoperativa�.........................................�26�����LOHARANON�TSARY���Adventist�Development�and�Relief�Agency�(ADRA):�5,6,7,9,10,16,18,19,20,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,34,35,36,37�Agro�Initiative�pour�le�Développement�(AID):�38�Association�Nationale�d’Actions�Environnementales�(ANAE):�2,�3,�4,�11,�15,��23,33�FAFIALA:�41�Food�and�Agriculture�Organization�(FAO):1�Joan�B.,�Sylvia�V.�and�Alison�E.:�40�Lapa�Ara�Drafitra�Ivoaran’ny�Ambanivolo�(LADIA):�17�Miangola�RAZANAJATOVO:�22�Nirhy�Rabibisoa:�24�Population�Services�International�(PSI):�42,�43�Tokiniaina�Rasolofoarimanana:�21�Warren�Manantsoavina��Razafindrabe:�8,12,13,14,39��
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FAMPIDIRANA��ANKAPOBENY��
Voasokajy�teo�amin’ny� laharana�faha�143�amin’ny�firenena�177�eran�tany�i�Madagasikara�tamin’ny�taona�2008�raha�ny� toe�karena�no� jerena1.�Hita� fa�miaina�ao�anatin’ny� tsy� fahampian�tsakafo�mafy�ny�25%�n’ny�Malagasy�tamin’ny�taona�2005�ary�ny�15%�kosa�no�ampy�sakafo.�Latsaky�ny��1�dollars�Amerikanina�(USD)�isan’andro�kosa�ny�vola�miditra�amin’ny�72%�n’ny�Malagasy2�tamin’ny�taona�2001,�izany�hoe�ambanin’ny�fetran’ny�fahantrana.���Inona�izany�no�tena�mahatonga�ny�fahantrana?�Ny�voalohany:�avy�amin’ny�toe�javatra�manodidina�ivelany3,4��:���Ny�fiovaovan’ny�toetr’andro�izay�mahatonga�ny�fitomboan’ny�hain�tany�sy�ny�mosary�toa�ny�any�amin’ny�faritra�atsimo,�ny�fandalovan’ny�rivodoza�mihamahery�vaika,�indrindra�any�amin’ny�faritra�atsinanana�sy�avaratra.���Ny�fanatontoloana�ara�toe�karena�izay�mitranga�eto�amin’izao�tontolo�izao,�ka�ireo�tany�izay�manafatra�sakafo�any�ivelany�no�tena�mitondra�faisana.�Anisan’izany�ny�kaontinanta�afrikanina�satria�voatery�mividy�lafo�ireo�en�tana�avy�any�ivelany�izy�ireo.����Ny�fifindra�monina�an�tanàn�dehibe�izay�miteraka�tsy�fisian’�asa.����Ny�korontana�ara�politika�sy�ara�tsosialy��Ny�faharoa:�miankina�amin’ireo�harena�fototra�ananana�izay�mifampiankina:�����Ny�harena�ara�boajanahary�toy�ny�tany,�rano,�ala,����Ny�fananana�ara�bola�toy��ny�fahafahana�mividy,�mitahiry,�misambotra�
���������Ny�fananana��amin’ny��maha�olona�toy�ny�fahalalana,�fahakingana,�fahasalamana���Ny�fananana�ara�tsosialy�eo�amin’ny�fiaraha�monina,�fikambanana,�fifandraisana�ara�piaraha�monina���Ny�fananan�javatra�toy�ny��foto�drafitr’asa,�fitaterana,�serasera�
�Misy�fiantraikany�eo�amin’ny�famokarana�sy�ny�vokatra�azo�ny��tsy�fahampian’ireo�harena�fototra�ireo.�Mifandraika�betsaka�amin’ny�halavan’ny��maitso��ahitra�izany�raha�jerena�ny�fahantrana�eto�Madagasikara.�Kendrena�ny�hahazoana�manatsara�ny�fiainan’ny�fianakaviana�tsirairay,�ialàny�amin’ny�fahantrana�amin’ny�alalan’ny�fahaiza�mitrandraka�sy�manatsara�ireo�harena�fototra�ananana.���Anisan’ny� paik’ady� hahazoa�mitrandraka� sy� manitatra� � ny� fomba� fitadiavana� amin’ny� fomba� maharitra� nefa� tsy�manimba�ny�tontolo�iainana�manodidina�ny�fanaovana�tetikasa�velontena.���Antsoina�hoe�fivelomana�maharitra�izay�asa�afaka�misedra�ny�olana�maro�ivelany�sy�afaka�mampitombo�hatrany�ny�fahaiza�manao�ankehitriny�sy�amin’ny�hoavy�ary�koa�mitahiry�sy�miaro�ny�tontolo�iainana.�Ity�boky�ity�dia�manampy�amin’ny�fananganana�sy�fitantanana�tetikasa�velontena�ahazoana�vokatsoa�sy�maharitra��
FOMBA�FAMPIASANA�NY�BOKY��
Misy�lohahevitra�roa�lehibe�ity�boky�ity:��1) ny�fomba�fitondrana��tetikasa�mahomby�sy�maharitra�izay�milaza�ny�fananganana�sy�fanatanterahana�
tetikasa,�ny�torolàlanatorolàlana�ho�an’ny�tantsaha�mba�hahazoana�vokatra�tsara�sy��fihariana�maharitra�ary��ireo�karazana� tetikasa�velontena�mety�atao�notsoahina�avy� tamin’ny� fanandramana� � sy� fanombanana� ireo�tetikasa�efa�vita�sy�ny�mbola�eo�am�perin’asa.��
2) ny�fanamafisana�ny��fahaiza�manao��sy�ny�rindran�damina�eo�anivon’ny�tantsaha�izay�ahitana�ireo�karazana�vondron’olona� iasan’ny� tetikasa,� ireo� teknika� entina�manentana� sy�manofana� ny�mpahazo� tombotsoa,� ny�fomba�fitarihana�sy�fitantanana�ary�ny�fifandraisana�eo�amin’ny�fiaraha�monina.�
Maneho�sy�mamintina�ny�hevitra�tiana�ambara�amin’�ny�fomba�tsotra�sy�mazava�ireo�sary�Ny� tovana� dia� entina� manazava� ny� hevitra� ambara� na� koa� maneho� ny� taratasy� ampiasaina� amin’ny� lafiny�fampiharana�mivantana�ny�torolalàna�omena.�
������������������������������������������������������������1�Programme�des�Nations�Unies�pour�le�développement�(PNUD)�2008.�L'indice�de�développement�humain.�2INSTAT,�USAID,�EHP/ECHO,�Foundation�Summit,�Foundation�Tany�Meva�2001.�Enquête�santé,�population�et�Environnment�MADAGASCAR�3�Berthine�R�2009.�Evaluation�qualitative�de�la�sécurité�alimentaire�à�Madagascar.�2009�4�Tadashi�S.�2006.Assessing�the�access�to�forest�resources�for�improving�livelihoods�in�West�and�Central�Asia�countries.
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FIJERENA�IFOTONY
FANORATANA�TARATASY�
FANGATAHANA�FAMANTSIAM�BOLA
5�FANATANTERAHANA�SY�FANJOHIANA
TOMBAN’EZAKA TSINGERIN’NY
TETIK’ASA
SARY�1:�Tsingerin’ny�tetikasa�
�1. Ny��fomba�fitondrana�tetikasa�mahomby�sy�maharitra��
1.1. Inona�no�atao�hoe�tetikasa?��Antsoina�hoe�tetikasa�ny�drafitr’asa�voasoritra�ao�anatin’ny� fotoana�voafetra�mba�hahazoana�vokatra�tsara�ho�amin’ny� fampandrosoana� ny� fari�piainana� izay� mahasahana� sehatra� iray� na� maromaro.� Misy� dingana� 4� ny�tsingerin’ny� tetikasa:� ny� fijerena� ifotony,� ny� fanoratana� taratasy� � famatsiam�bola,� ny� fanatanterahana� sy� ny�fanjohiana�ary�ny�tomban’ezaka�
�1.1.1. Ny�Fijerena�ifotony�
o Adiadiana� � � ny� zava�misy� marina� eo� an�toerana�:� fototry� ny� olana� sy� ny� zavatra� azo� araraotina� ary� ny�vahaolana.��
o Tokony� � hifanaraka� tsara� amin’ny� zava�misy� sy� ny� olana� ary� ny� araraotra� misy� eo� an�toerana� (jereo� ny�tovana�1)�ny�tetikasa�velontena.�
o Fantarina�ireo�fepetra�ara�teknika���takian’ny�tetikasa��alohan’ny�isafidianana�tetikasa�iray�.��o Ilaina� ny� fandraisan’� anjaran’ny� rehetra� � (mponina,� manampahefana,� mpiara�miombon’antoka…)� amin’ny�
fanadihadihana�mba�hahazoana�vokatra�tsara�sy�maharitra.��1.1.2. Ny�fanoratana�ny�taratasy�fangatahana�famatsiam�bola�
o Aravona� ny� hevitra� rehetra�izay� nojerena� sy� hita� � teo�amin’ny� dingana� voalohany.�Faritana� � ny� tanjona,� ny�fenitra�hotratrarina�sy�ny��asa�atao� ary� koa� ny� tetik’ady�rehetra�(Jereo�ny�tovana��2)�
o Manao� fanombanana� sy� ny�fanadihadiana� � ara�teknika,�ara�bola,� tontolo� iainana� sy�ny� fandraisan’ny� lahy�sy�vavy�anjara� � ary� ireo� � voka�tsoa�mety� ho� azo� (Jereo� ny��tovana�3).��
o Ampifanarahana� amin’ny�fepetra� takian’ny� mpamatsy�vola�
o Lazaina� � mazava� ny�votoatin’ny� tetikasa� sy� ny�fomba�fanatanterahana�azy��
o Lazaina� mazava� ny� teti�bola�sy�ny�loharanom�bola�hamatsiana�ny�tetikasa�
o Fomba�fanoratra�mazava�no�ampiasaina�o Aseho�ireo�porofo�isan�karazany�(�ohatra:�ny�tsy�fahampian’ny�vola�miditra,�ny�vokatra�azo�sns)�o Alefa�any�amin’ny�mpamatsy�vola�
�1.1.3. Fanantanterahana�sy�Fanjohiana�Fitantanana�tsara��ny�ho�enti�manana�rehetra�hanatrarana�ny�fetra�.��Arahi�maso� sy� refesina� � ary� � tombanana� ny� asa� vita� araka� ny� fandaharan’asa� novolavolaina� (moa� ve�notanterahina�araka�ny�tokony�ho�izy�ilay�tetikasa?).��1.1.4. Fanaovana�tomban’ezaka�Atao� amin’ny� fotoana� afovoany� sy� fiafaran’ny� tetikasa� ny� tomban’ezaka.� Fotoana� fandraisana� ny�fanamarihana�(tsikera)�isan�karazany�mba�hanatsarana�ny�fomba�fitantanana�ny�asa�atao�amin’ny�manaraka:�
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namaha�ny�olana�novahana�ve?�tratra�ve��ny�tanjona�napetraka?�nahomby��sy�nahazoana�tombony�ve?�Inona�ireo�zavatra��nitranga�tsy�nampoizina?�maharitra�sy�mbola�hitohy�ve�ny�asa�natao?��
1.2. Fisafidianana�ny��tetikasa�velontena �
1.2.1. Fambolena�Ireo�zavatra�jeren’ny�tantsaha�raha�mamboly�eo�amin’ny�toerana�iray�:�
� Ny�karazam�boly�mety�atao��� Masomboly�tsara�sy�voafantina�� Ny�fifandimbiasana�voly�tokony�hatao�� Ny�teknikam�pambolena�ampiasaina�� Ny�fomba�fikarakaràna�sy�fanomanana�ny�tany�� Ny�karazana�sy�ny�fatran’ny�zezika�ampiasaina�� Ny�karazany,�fatra,�ny�fe�potoana�ary�ny�fomba�fampiasana�
fanafody�hiadiana�amin’ny�aretina�sy�bibikely�
� Fanarahana�sy�fanajana�ny�kalandriem�pambolena�� Fitaovam�pambolena�ilaina�� �Fifehezana�sy�fitantanana�ny�rano�� Fifehezana�ny�fomba��fitehirizana�sy�fanodinana�ny�vokatra�� Fandraisana� ny� fepetra� rehetra� hahakely� ny� vokatra� very� ao�
rian’ny�fijinjana�� Misy�ve�ny�tsena?��
�1.2.1.1. Fanatsarana�ny�tany�sy�ady�amin’ny�ahidratsy�ary�fambolena�amin’ny�tany�misolampy�
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SARY�2�:�Rako�belona�Tephrosia� SARY�3�:�Rako�maty�mololo��
SARY�4�:�Tsipika�mira�ahabo,�fambolena�amin’ny�tany�misolampy�
Ireo�voly�azo�atao�rako�belona:���Arachis�(kivoanjovoanjo)���Desmodium�barbatum��(mandalo�dia�miraikitra)���Cassia�hirsuta���Crotalacia�anagirodes���Mucuna���Tephrosia�
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Ireo�taharo�azo�atao�rako�maty���Mololo�na�bozaka,���Ravina�na�tahona�dingadingana�na�mimosa,���Ravina�longoza,���Ravina�na�tahon�drambiazina.���Tsikafonkafona��� Ravina� Tephrosia� sy� ireo� legiominezy� isan�karazany����Fako�avy�amin’ny�voly�avotra��
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Tombotsoa� � amin’ny� fanaovana� tsipika� mira�ahabo:��Mitombo�ny�velarantany�azo�volena��Tsy�voakaokan’ny�ny�riaka�ny�nofontany�
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SARY�5:�Taharon’ny�komposta� SARY�6:�Komposta�efa��vita�
Tsatoka
Ahitra maina
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Vatan’akondro
Tany masaka
Zezika
Mololo na bozaka
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Fikarakarana��ny��komposta:���Tetehina�madinika�ireo�akora�maina�sy�maitso�hanafainganana�ny�fahaloavana.���Tondrahana�isaky�ny�roa�(2)�andro�ny�atontan�jezika����Avadika�isaky�ny�efatra�(4)�andro�dia�averina�saromana.�
Tombotsoa�entin’ny�komposta:����Tsy�misy�na�kely�masonkarena����Sady�sakafon’ny�voly�no�manatsara�ny�tany���Vetivety�dia�vita�:�21�andro�
�1.2.1.2. Karazam�boly�velontena�
�
��Voly�fihinana���vary,�ovy,�mangahazo,�katsaka,�vomanga,�oviala,�saonjo.��Tombotsoa�azo�amin’ny�fambolena�voly�fihinana:�����tsy�mividy�ny��foto�tsakafo��� manatsara� ny� fahasalamana� ny� fifandimbiasan‘ireo� voly�fihinana���manana�ambim�bava�azo�amidy��
SARY�7:�Fijinjana,�voly�vary��maro�anaka�(SRI)��
SARY�8:�Vokatra��mangahazo,��katsaka..,�
��Voly�fitadiavam�bola���Legioma� amin’ny� andro� ririnina� :� Tongolo,� tongolo� gasy,�poarao,�laisoa,�betiravy,�radia�,�karaoty,�salady,�sofilera,�ovy�Legioma� amin’ny� andro� lohataona:� Voatavo,� kokaombra,�voatabia,�sakay,�tsaramaso,�pasiteky,�vomanga,�baranjely�Tombontsoa�azo�avy�amin’ny�voly�avotra5�:�mampidi�bola�haingana,��manatsara�ny�sakafo,�manamasaka�ny�tanimbary�Fanamarihana:�Mandritra� ny� fiotazana� sy� ny� fitaterana� dia�mila� fitandremana�mafy� mba� tsy� ho� simba� ny� vokatra.� Ny�legioma�tsara�sy�manintona�dia�mora�hamidy.�
SARY�9:�Voly�avotra,�ovy��manara�penitra�
SARY�10�:�Voly�kokaombra
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SARY�11�:�Fampiarahana�voly�voan�kazo�na�hazo��sy�voly��hafa6�
SARY�12:�Voly�mananasy
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SARY�13�:�Foaram�bokatra� SARY�14:�Sompitra�iombonana�
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1.2.2. Fiompiana Ireo�zavatra�jeren’ny�tantsaha�raha�hiompy�eo�amin’ny�toerana�iray�:�
� Ny�fiompiana�mety�atao�� Ny�karazam�biby�ompiana�� Ny�toerana�hisy�ny�fiompiana���
Ohatra:� Tsy� natao� ho� eny� an’arabe� ny� akoho� sy� ny� vo�rona�fa�misy�trano�voatokana�ho�azy.��
� Ny�fanomanana�ny�sakafo�homena�azy.�� Ny�fiarovana�ny�fahasalaman’ny�biby�fiompy�(oha�
tra:�vakisiny,�vitaminina...)�� Fifehezana� ny� fomba� � fitehirizana� sy� fanodinana�
ny�vokatra�� Misy�ve�ny�tsena?��
��
� � Fiompiana�karazan’akoho�amam�borona�araka�ny�filan’ny�tsena:��akoho�gasy,�manatody�lava,�fakana�nofony,�gana,�gisa��sns�
Fiompiana�trondro:�carpe�royale,�tilapia,�besisiska�sns�
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SARY�15�:�Fiompiana�Tantely�
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SARY�16:�Fiompiana�akoho�gasy�
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� SARY�17�:�Fiompiana�trondro
Tombotsoa��azo�amin’ny�fiompiana�:���� Sakafo�(�hena�,�atody�ronono)��� Fidiram�bola� haingana� (� akoho� ama�borona,�
trondro,�bitro)�
� Manome�zezika�,���� Fitaovam�pamokarana�(omby)�
FANAMARIHANA:���atomboka�amin’ny�fiompiana�manara�penitra�miodina�haingana��ny�tetikasa�atao�
�1.2.3. Asa�tanana Misy�fepetra�arahina�hahatonga�ny�asa�tanana�ho�mahomby:�
� Ny�akora�ampiasaina�� Ny�fampivadiana�akora�
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� Ny�famoronana�� Ny�fisian’ny�tsena�
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Akora�fanaovana�rary:�boza�ka,�zozoro,�ravin�dahasa,�ratin’akondro,�satrana�
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SARY�18�:�Fanaovana��tenona�rofia
SARY�19:�Harona,�vita�amin’ny�ravin�dahasa�
SARY�20:�Tsenan’ny�«�coopéra�tive�artisanale�de�Fandriana�»�
(CAF)�
Tombotsoa�amin’ny�fanaovana�asa�tanana�:��
� Fidiram�bola�haingana�indrindra�ho�an’ny�vehivavy�� Manome�lanja�ny�akora�fototra�eo�an�toerana�� Mampitombo� ny� fifandraisana� ara�barotra� sy�
ara�kolotoraly��
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1.2.4. Zahavoaary �
Ireo�zavatra�jerena�mba�hampahomby�ny�Zahavoaary:�
� Ny� zavatra�mampiavaka� � eo� antoerana� ohatra�:�biby,� zavamaniry� tsy� fahita� any� ivelany,� ny� toe�rana�manan�tantara,�toerana�masina�
� Ny� � fomba� fanajariana� ny� toerana�:� lalana� ho�an’ny�mpizaha�tany,7��
� Rano�fisotro�madio�sy�herin’aratra�
� Foto�drafitr’asa� fandraisana� vahiny� toy� ny� hotely�na�toerana�fatoriana�sy�fisakafoana�
� Ny� fanofanana� mpitarika8,� sakafo,� fandraisam�bahiny��
� Toerana� mahasarika� ahafahana� miala� voly� na�miriaria�(ohatra:�fandehanana�lakana,�moto�sns)�
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SARY�21:�Babakoto,��Andasibe�
SARY�22:�Efitra�fandraisam�bahiny,��Bakobako�Manandona�
SARY�23�:��Ireo�fotodrafitr’asa,��TAMS,�Andasibe.�
�Tombotsoa�azo�avy�amin’ny�Zahavoaary�:��
� Manome�lanja�ny�tontolo�iainana�sy�ny�koloton�tsaina�ary�ny�vakoka�
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Mampitombo�ny�fifandraisana�� Mampitombo�ny�fahalalana�� Mampiroborobo�ny�tsena�� Mampiroborobo�ny�asatànana�
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1.2.5. Foton�drafitr’asa
�
Tombotsoa�azo�avy�amin’ny�làlan�tany�sy�tetezana:�hafahana�
Tombotsoa�azo�avy�amin’ny�toha�drano�sy�tambajotra:�ahafahana:�
� mivezivezy�� mamoaka�ny�vokatra�� mitondra�ny�zavatra�ilaina�eo�amin’ny�faritra�� manao�asa�famonjena�haingana�raha�misy�voina�
na�marary�
� manondraka�lemaka�iray��� mitsinjara�ny�rano�ho�an’ny�tanimbary�tsirairay�� mahazo�rano�mandavan�taona�� mifehy�ny�rano�eo�amin’ny�tanimbary�
Tombotsoa�azo�avy�amin’ny�fananganana�kaoperativa:�� �fanangonana�ny�vokatra�sy�fifehezana�ny�vidiny�� fifehezana�ireo�mpanelanelana�ara�barotra�� fitadiavana�sy�fahitana��tsena�� fividianana�entana�(akora,�fitaovam�
pamokarana)�miaraka�ka�mora�ny�masonkareana�
Tombotsoa� azo� avy� amin’ny� fampidirana� � rano� fisotro�madio:�
� fahasalamana�� tsy�miasa��mafy�ny�vehivavy�sy�ny�ankizy�� betsaka�ny�fotoana�ahazoana�mamokatra�
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Matetika�ny�tetikasa�no�mamatsy�vola,�fitaovana,�fiofanana�any�am�boalohany.�Ny�mpamatsy�vola�madinika�(OTIV,�CECAM,�TIAVO)�no�manohana�ny�fanitarana�izay�asa�mandeha�tsara�
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SARY�24:�Fampidirana�rano�madio,�Ankara�tra�
SARY�25:�“Unité�de�centralisation�et�de�vente”�UCV�(kaoperativa))�
SARY�26:��Fanamboarana�lakandrano,��Moramanga�.�
�1.3. Findramam�bola�sy�ny�fanatanterahana�tetikasa� Ireo� zavatra� fantarina� alohan’ny� findramam�bola� any� amin’ireo�mpamatsy� vola� madinika� (OTIV,� CECAM,� TIAVO)� ahazoana�manatanteraka�tetikasa�iray:�
o Ny�fepetra�fidirana�ho�mpikambana�
o Ny�zavatra�atao��na�tetikasa�atao�hisamboram�bola�
o Ny�antoka��
o Ny�fepetra�famerenam�bola�sy�ny�zana�bola�
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1.4. Ireo�mason�tsivana�fifidianana�ny�faritra�sy�ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�mivantana�
Atao� lohalaharana�amin’ny� tetikasa�ny� faritra�sy� ireo�olona�azo� lazaina� fa� tsy�manana� fahafahana�mivelona�na�mahantra:� ny� vehivavy� izay� atao� ankilabao� � eo� amin’ny� fampandrosoana,� ny� ankizy� izay� iharan’ny� vokatry� ny�fahantrana��ary�ireo�olona�manana�fahasembanana�,�mpitondra�tena�ary��kamboty���1.5. Ny�andraikitry�ny�tetikasa�sy�ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�mivantana�
o Atao�mazava�tsara�ny�andraikitry�ny�tetikasa�sy�ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�mivantana�(jereo�ny�tovana�4).��Ny��mpahazo� tombotsoa� no� kendrena� voalohany� ho� tompon’ny� � asa� sy� tompon’andraikitra� eo� amin’ny�fampandrosoana�fa�ny�tetikasa�kosa�dia�mpanamora�ny�asa�atao.�
o Ahena�miandalana�mandrapahatonga�eo�amin’ny�fifaranany�ny�andraikitry�ny�tetikasa,�indrindra�eo�amin’ny�fanampiana� ara�bola,� fitaovana,� masomboly,� zezika,� fanafody� mba� ialàna� amin’ny� � toe�tsaina� zatra�miantehitra.���
o Ampitomboina� hatrany� ny� fandraisan’andraikitry� ny� mpahazo� tombotsoa� mba� hampahaleotena� azy� ireo�amin’ny�lafiny�rehetra�(fitantanana,�ara�bola,�ara�pitaovana).��
�
1.6. Ny�andraikitry�ny�mpitondra��isan’ambaratonga�sy�ireo�mpiara��miombon’antoka�eo�an�toerana�
�Manao�fifanekena�eo�amin’ny�zavatra�rehetra�atao�ahazoana�manavaka�tsara�ny�andraikitry�ny�tsirairay.�Tsara�raha�hita�ao�amin’ny�fifanekena�ny�anjara�asan’ny�ankolafy�tsirairay�avy��mba�hisian’ny�fiaraha�miasa�matotra:�Ireo�mpahazo�tombotsoa,�ny�tetikasa,�ny�mpitondra�eo�an�toerana�
�
1.7. Ny�fomba�fiasan’ny�tetikasa�
Mifanakaiky�kokoa�ny�andaniny�sy�ny�ankilany�raha�monina�eny�anivon’ny�kaominina�ny�teknisiana,�sady�mahita�ny�zava�misy�ara�potoana.��
� �
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SARY�27:�Fivoriambem�paritra
Ity�teknika�ity�dia�azo�ampiasina�amin’ny�fijerena�ifotony�ny�olana�misy,�ny�famolavolana�tetikasa�,�ny�fanantanterahana�,�fanjohina,�fanaovana�tomban’ezaka�ny�tetikasa�fiaraha�manadio�tanàna,�fiaraha�manamboatra�lakandrano�hifehezana�ny�rano�sy�hampihenana�ny�fahasimbana�ateraky�ny�tondra�drano,�fiaraha�manajary�ny�làlana�iombonana,�fanatsarana�ny�sompitra�iombonana,�fampihenana�ny�fihotsahan’ny�tany,�fiaraha�manamboatra�foto�drafitr’asa�ho�amin’ny�rano�fisotro�madio�sns…�
SARY�28�:�Teknika�sekoly�maintso,�Fi�kambanana�Mintsinjo
SARY�29�:�Fikambanana�mpanao��asa�tanana
SARY�30�:�Fiofanana�olo�dehibe��ara�andragojia�
1.7.1. Teknika�ho�an’ny�fiaraha�monina9�sy�fampandraisana��anjara10�
Fomba�enti�manetsika�sy�mampandray�anjara�ny�mpiara�monina�mba�hizarany�ny�traikefany�.�Resena�lahatra�izy�ireo�fa�azy�tokoa�ny�asa�ataon’ny�tetikasa.��
�
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������ � �1.7.2. Teknika�sekoly�maintso�ho�an’ny�tantsaha11 Eny�an�tsaha�no�toeram�pianarana�ary�ny�tantsaha�mpiofana�ihany�no� asaina� mandinika� sy� mifanakalo� hevitra� ny� amin’ny� zavatra�hitany� eo� amin’ny� tanimboliny,� manomboka� amin’ny� fotoam�pamafazana�ka�hatramin’ny�fotoam�piotazana.�Mila�mivory��araka�ny� fotoana� nifanarahana� ka� tsongaina� ireo� tantsaha� manana�traikefa�hahamora�ny�fanapariahana�ny�fahalalany�amin’ny�hafa.��1.7.3. Teknika��ara�paritra12�Avondrona� ny� hery� velona� rehetra� miasa� (orinasa,� fikambanana,�birao�isan�karazany,�sekoly,�fiangonana�sy�ny�maro�hafa..)�eo�amin’ny�faritra� iray� (fokotany,� kominina...).� Mahafaoka� ny� lafiny� ara�ekonomika,� politika,� sosialy,� koltoraly� � eo� � amin’ilay� faritra� ny�fiaraha�miasa.�
��1.7.4. Tetika�fampandraisana�anjara�ny�lahy�sy�vavy13 Mateti�pitranga� ny� fanaovana� ankilabao� ny� vehivavy� eo� amin’ny�fiaraha�monina� misy� azy.� Fomba� iray� enti�mampandray� anjara�miaraka� ny� lahy� sy� vavy� eo� amin’ny� sehatry� ny� fampandrosoana� ity�tetika�ity.�Mira�lenta�izy�ireo�any�anivon’ny�fikambanan’ny�tantsaha�
ka� samy� mandray� anjara� mavitrika� amin’ny� fitenenana� sy� ny� asa�rehetra� atao.� Tsara� raha� misasaka� ny� isan’ny� lahy� sy� vavy� ao�anatin’ny� fikambanan’ny� tantsaha� eo� anivon’ny� tetikasa� iray.�Misy�koa�ny�fikambanam�behivavy,� indrindra�eo�amin’ny�sehatry�ny�asa�tanana�sy�ny�sehatra�hafa.���
1.8. Ireo��fomba�fanofanana�sy�fampitàna�ny�fahaiza�manao�
Misy� karazany� maro� ny� fomba� enti�manofana� sy� enti�mampita� ny������fahaiza�manao�
� �
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SARY�31 :�Vala�fampisehoana,�fambolem�bary
SARY�32�:�Fiaingan’ny�tantsaha�hanao��fitsidihana�fanadihadiana�
1.8.1. Ny��andragojia14�
Ny� andragojia� dia� fomba� fampianarana� olon�dehibe.� Mitrandraka� ny� � � � traikefa� ananan’ny� mpiofana� ny�mpanofana�ary�miankina�amin’ny�zavatra�ilain’ny��mpiofana�ny�lohahevitra�ianarana.�Manampy�ny�mpiofana�hamantatra�ny�olana�sy�hitady��ny�vahaolana�ny�andragojia.�
�1.8.2. Fitsidihana�fifanakalozana15 Fifanakalozana�traikefa�sy�fahaizamanao�eo�amin’ny�samy�tatsaha�avy�amin’ny�toerana�samihafa�ka�amin’ny�
alalan’ny�fitsidihana�ny�sahan’asa�vita�no�iaingan’ny�fifanakalozana.�
1.8.3. Fiofanana�mihanaka16 Fanapariahana� amin’ny� manodidina� ny� fahalalana� ara�teorika� sy�pratika�izay�azon’ny�tantsaha�voaofana.��1.8.4. Programa�alefa�amin’ny�onjam�peo17 Fiofanana� ho� an’ny� tantsaha,� ampitaina� amin’ny� alalan’ny� onjam�peo��1.8.5. Vala�fampisehoana18 Fanajariana� tanimboly� iray� talaky�maso,�ho� fitaratra�na�modely�alain’ny�manodidina��tahaka�eo�amin’ny�teknikam�pambolena�sy�ny� karazam�boly� atao.� Fomba� iray� koa� ahitana� mazava� ny� asa�ataon’ny� tetikasa� iray� ny� vala� fampisehoana� noho� ireo� mari�pamantarana�na�soratra�hita�mitsatoka�eo.��
��1.8.6. Dia�lavitra�sy�fianarana19�fitsidihana�fanadihadiana� Ny�tetikasa�no�matetika�mikarakara�ny�fandehanan’ny�tantsaha�any�amin’ny�faritra�hafa,�lavitry�ny��misy�azy,�mba�hitsidihana�toeram�pambolena,�fiompiana,�fanaovana�asa�tanana,orinasa,�
tsenabe�sns…ho�fakàna�lesona�sy�hampisokatra�ny�fijeriny�amin’ny�tontolo�hafa�sy�mivelatra�kokoa.�� �
2. Ny�fanamafisana�ny��fahaiza�manao��sy�ny�rindran�damina�eo�anivon’ny�tantsaha��
2.1. Ny�fanamafisana�ny��fahaiza�manao���Tanterahana�amin’ny�alalan’ny�fanofanana�ara�teorika,�pratika�sy�ny�fanohanana�azy�ireo�amin’ny�fizaràna�akora�(masomboly,� zezika....)� na� fitaovana� (sarikilezy,� larozoara...)� ilainy� amin’ny� famokarana� izany.� Mahatonga� ny�tantsaha�na�ny�mpanao�asa�tànana�ho�tonga�matianina�amin’ny�asa�ataony�ny�fanamafisana�ny�fahaiza�manao�.�Mitaky�rindran�damina�maty�paika�izany�mba�hampahomby�azy.�
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SARY�37�:�Fikambana�mpanao�asa�tanana,�
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SARY�33:�Fizarana�fitaovana,�sarikilezy,�fanondrahana,�angady�sns�
SARY�34:�Fizarana�akora,�rofia
�
SARY�35:�Fizarana�zezika�biolojika��
2.2. Ny�Rindran�damina�Ajoro� � voalohany� indrindra�ny� rindran�damina� fa� izany�no�miantoka�ny��fahombiazana�rehetra.�Ny� tetikasa� dia� miasa� mivantana� amin’ny� � isam�batan’olona,� na�fikambanan’ny�tantsaha,�na�kaoperativa�.��
2.2.1. Ny��olona�tsirairay�Ahazoana�vokatra�tsara�ny�fiasàna�eo�anivon’ny�olona�tsirairay�(tantsaha�modely20�sy�ny�tantsaha�mpitondra21�ary�ny�tantsaha�mpitarika22)�ny�tetikasa�iray�noho�izy��tompon’andraikitra�mivantana��eo�amin’ny�zavatra�rehetra�ataony.���
2.2.2. Ny�fikambanana�
2.2.2.1. Famaritana�ankapobeny�Fitambaran’olona� vitsivitsy� mitovy� zo,� miaro� ny� tombotsoa�iraisana� ary�mitovy� tanjona� kendrena.� Kendrena� ao� anatin’ny�fikambanana� ny� hampivoatra� ny� fari�piainan’ny� mpikambana�tsirairay,� ny� hananana� asa� fampidiram�bola� maharitra�,� ny�hahalasa�ny�mpikambana�ho� tompon’andraikitra� ao� anatin’ny�tetikasa.��
Manamora� ny� fampitàna� ny� fiofanana� sy� mampihena� ny�fotoana�lany�ary�koa�ny�enti�manana�ny�fikambanana.��An�tsitrapo� no� fidirana� amin’ny� fikambanana� na� kaoperativa�afa�tsy�ny�amin’ny�Fikambanan’ny�Mpampiasa�Rano.�Afaka� miaraka� amin’izany� fikambanana� izany� ny� mpiray�tanàna,� ka�mivonona� fa�hiaraka�hitady� tombotsoa� sy�hiaraka�hamaha�olana�ka�mampitovy�tanjona.�Mahomby�ny�fiasan’ny�fikambanana�rehefa�afaka�mifanara�tsaina�ny�tsirairay�ao�anatiny.�Ohatra�:�Mivondrona�ny�mpiompy�akoho�ao�an�tànana�mba�hanamora�ny�fiofanana�sy�ny�fanaraha�maso�ataon’ny�tekinisianina.�Tsy��maintsy�mivondrona�ny�mampanao�asa�tanana��mba�hahazoana�mamaly�ny��filan’ny�tsena�lehibe�any�am�pita.��2.2.2.2. Ny��fananganana�ny�fikambanana��o Mifamory�sy�mifandinika�ireo�rehetra�vonona�ka�mahafeno�ireo�fepetra�voalaza�tetsy�ambony,�
o Fidiana�ireo�solontena�avy�amin’ny�tantsaha�izay�afaka�hifanakalo�hevitra�sy�hanomana�ny�vinavinam�pitsipika�hitondrana�ny�fikambanana,�
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o Manao��Fivoriambempananganana�ka�tsy�maintsy�hatrehin’ny�solontenam�panjakana,�o Ankatoavina�ny�fitsipika�rehetra�ho�an’ny�fikambanana��o Fidiana�ireo�tompon’andraikitra�hitondra�ny�fikambanana,�o Ambara�ampahibemaso�ny�fijoroan’ny�fikambanana,�o Soniavina�ny�antontan��taratasy�rehetra�atao�dika�fito�(07)�avy,�alefa�amin’ny�ambaratonga�isanisany.�
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2.2.2.3. Ny�fepetra�mampahomby�ny�fikambanan’ny�tantsaha�o Mitovy�tombotsoa23�sy��mitovy�zo24��ary�miray�hina25,�mazava�ny�ny�fitantanana�ara�bola,�mipetraka�
tsara�ny�fanaraha�maso�ary�mahay�misahana�ny�andraikiny�ireo��tompon’andraikitra�voafidy�hitantana�.��
o Arahina�ireo�lalàna�(jereo�ny��tovana��5)�mifehy�ny�fikambanana�
o Manao�drafitr’asa�mandritra�ny�taona�(jereo�ny�tovana�6)�sy�vinavinam�bola�(jereo�ny�tovana�7)�
o Tsara�raha�ajoro�ara�panjakana�ny�fikambanana�ary��akana�tapakila�manamarika�ny�fijoroany�any�amin’ny�fitondrana�mahefa�,�kaominina,�distrika,�faritany,�mba�ahafahany�mangataka�fiaraha�miasa�amin’ireo�mpiray�ombonantoka�rehetra�(Fisamboram�bola,�PSDR,�Kaominina….).
2.2.3. Federasiona�Rafitra� ajoro,� vovonana� itambaran’ny� vondrom�pikambanana� � roa� na� maromaro� mitovitovy� tanjona� sy�zavatra�atao�ao�amin’ny�lafiny�fampandrosoana,�indrindra�eny��ambanivohitra.�Atsangana�ny� federasiona�mba�hanamorana� famoahana�na� fivarotana�ny�vokatra,� fikojakojana� lakandrano�lehibe� tsy� vitan’ny� � fikambanan’ny� mpampiasa� rano� madinika.� Moramora� kokoa� ny� entana� na� fitaovam�pamokarana,�raha�fikambanana�maromaro�mivondrona�no�miara�mividy.�Tsara�vidy�sy�voafehy�ny�fivarotam�bokatra�raha�fikambanana�maromaro�mivondrona�no�miara�mivarotra,�mora�kokoa�ny�mitady�lalam�barotra�ary��afaka�manondrana�any�ivelany.�
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2.2.4. Kaoperativa�
2.2.4.1. Famaritana�ny�atao�hoe�“Kaoperativa”�o Orinasa�mahaleo�tena�tsy�miankina�amin’ny�Fanjakana�ny�kaoperativa.�o Miara�mitantana�ny�rafitra�ny�mpikambana�rehetra�.�
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Tanjon’ny�kaoperativa:���Ho�tonga�matianina,���Fahazoan’ny�mpikambana�mampiasa�ny�fananana�sy�fitaovan’ny�kaoperativa,���Fanatsarana�ny�vokatra�sy�ny�fanomezana�fahafaham�po�ny�mpanjifa,���Fanatsarana�ny�fari�piainana�sy�ny�fombam�piainan’ny�mpikambana,����Fitadiavana�sy�fizaràna�tombombarotra�
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�(Kouzes�et�Posner,�2002.;��Northouse,�2004;�Valenzuela,�2007).�
2.3.1. Toetra�tsara�ilain’ny�mpitarika�� Maharitra�� Manam�pitiavana�� Manaja�olona�� Mahay�mandanjalanja��� Marim�potoana�� Tompon’andraikitra�� Matotra�
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2.3.3. Fitarihana�sy�ny�fitantanana�
“Zavatra� roa�samy�hafa�nefa�mifameno�ny� fitarihana� sy� fitantanana.�Samy�manana�ny� fiasany� sy�ny� �maha�izy�azy�ireo.�Tena�ilaina�mba�hahombiazana�izy�roa�ireo”�John�Kottor�
Manatsarany
fahafahanamiova
Manatsarany rivo�piasana
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ny�zavatra�rehetra�ary�manao�drafitr’asa�
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2.3.6. Mitarika�ekipa�hiatrika�fanamby���
o Famoronana�vina�iraisana�sy�famaritana�ny�vokatra�azo�refesina.�o Famantarana�ny�zava�misy�ankehitriny�sy�ny�zavatra�azo�araraotina�ary�ireo�sakana.�o Famaritana�ny�fanamby,�fijerena�ny�paik’ady�araka�ny�laharam�pahamehana�ary�ny�asa�atao.�o Fanatanterahana�ny�drafitra�sy�fanaraha�maso�ary�ny�fanaovana�tomban’ezaka�ny�asa�vita.�
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2.4. Fifandraisana�Fototry�ny�filaminana�sy�ny�fampandrosoana�ny�fifandraisana�
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Any ianao malala, any lavitra any !!!! Halàvana
taratasy izany marina !!!
Mpandefa hafatra
Hafatra
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Valin-kafatraFEED BACK
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�1. FAMARITANA�NY�TETIKASA�
1.1. Lohatenin’ny�tetikasa�1.2. Tanjon’ny��tetikasa�
1.2.1. Tanjona�akapobeny�1.2.2. Tanjona�manokana�
1.3. Toerana�hiasan’ny�tetikasa�1.4. Asa�atao�sy�vokatra�manokana�andrasana�1.5. Fanamarinana�ny�tetikasa�
1.5.1. �Fitombenan’ny��tanjona�sy�ny�lahara�pahamehan’ny�tetikasa�1.5.2. �Famaritana�ny�zavatra�ilaina�sy�ny�olana�misy�eo�amin’ny�faritra�hiasana�ny�tetikasa��
ary�ny�havalin’ny�tetikasa�amin’izany��1.5.3. �Famaritana��ireo�mpahazo�tombotsoa�mivantana�sy�ankolaka�sy�ny�masontsivana�hisa�
fidianana�azy�ireo�1.5.4. �Famalian’ny��tetikasa��ny�zavatra�ilaina�sy�ny�olana�misy�eo�amin’ny�mpahazo�tombot�
soa�1.5.5. �Famaritana�sy�ny�atony�nisafidianana�ny�asa�atao�sy�ny�vokatra�manokana�andrasana�1.5.6. �Ny��akon’ny�tetikasa�amin’ny�tontolo�iainana�
2. FOMBA�SY�PAIK’ADY�HITONDRANA�SY�HITANATANANA�NY�TETIKASA��2.1. Fomba�hanatanterahana�ny�tetikasa�sy�antony�nisafidianana�azy�2.2. Paik’ady�fanjohina�sy��fanarahamaso��ary�fanaovana�tomban’ezaka�ny�tetikasa�2.3. Fitsinjarana�ny��andraikitry�ny�mpandray�anjara�samihafa�(ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa,�ny�teti�
kasa,�ny�mpitondra�eo�an�toerana,�…)��sy�ny�antony�2.4. �Rafi�padaminana�ny��ekipa�amin’ny�fanatanterahana�ny�tetikasa�2.5. ��Zavatra��na�fitaovana�enti�manatanteraka�ny�tetikasa��
3. NY��FOTOANA��HANATANTERAHANA�NY�TETIKASA�SY�NY�FANDAHARAN’ASA�3.1. Ny�Fotoana�(firy�volana�na�taona)�3.2. Ny�fandaharan’asa�(jereo�tovana�5)�
4. FAHARETAN’NY�ASA��Fepetra�raisina�sy�ny�paik’ady�apetraka�mandritra�sy�aorian’ny�fanatanterahana�ny�tetikasa�
4.1. Lafiny��ara�bola:�ny�fitohizan’ny�loharanom�bola��ahazoana�mampiodina�ny�asa�4.2. Lafiny��ara�pitantanana�4.3. Lafiny�ara�tsosialy�sy�ara�kolitoraly�
5. Teti�bola�(�jereo�tovana�6)��
Tovana�2:�Drafitry ny taratasy fangatahana famatsiam-bola��
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Tena�ilaina�marina�ve�ity�tetikasa�ity?�
Moa�ve�tsotra,�azo�refesina,�mifanaraka,�azo�tanterahina�ao�anatin’ny�fotoana�voafetra�ireo�fetra�tratrarina?�
�Moa�ve�azo�tanterahana�sy�mifanaraka�tsara�amin’ny�zava�misy�eo�an�toerana�ny�teknika�vaovao�ampiasaina?�
Ohatrinona�ny�vola�hoenti�manana�hanatanterahana�ny�asa�?��
Ahazoana�tombony�ve�ny�fampiasana�io�teknika�io?�Ohatrinona�no�tombony�sy�tombotsoa�mety�ho�azo?�Ohatrinona�no�mety�ho�fatiantoka?�Afaka�manohana�ity�tetikasa�ity�ve�ny�mpamatsy�vola�na�ny�mpampindram�bola?�
Iza�avy�no�mpandray�anjara�mavitrika�sy�mpahazo�tombotsoa?�
Inona�avy�ireo�mety�ho�voka�dratsiny�na�tsara�eo�amin’ny�tontolo�iainana?�Moa�ve�manimba�ny�tontolo�iainana�ilay�teknika�sy�tetikasa�izay�atao?�Inona�avy�no�fepetra�ilaina�hahazoana�misoroka�ny�voka�dratsiny?�
Inona�no�ho�mety�ho�vokany�sy��fiantraikany�eo�amin’ny�fiaraha�monina?�
Atao�tsara�ny�fanombanana�satria�ny�mpamatsy�vola�na�ireo�mpanohana�dia�manadihady�ireo�fanontaniana�ireo��alohan’ny�fankatoavana�ny�tetikasa�ho�vatsiana.�
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�Tovana�4:�Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa�
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Tabilao�2:�Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa��amin’ny�fambolena�
Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�tetikasa� Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�
� Fanofanana��� Fanaraha�maso�sy�fanjohiana�� Masomboly�sy�/�na�entimamokatra�� Fitaocvam�pamokarana�� Fanomezana�vola�(�tsy�averina)�� Fampindram�bola�(averina�rehefa�miaka�bokatra)�
� Manaraka�sy�mampihatra�ny�fiofanana�� Masomboly�sy�/na�ny�enti�mamokatra30�rehetra��� Fitaovam�pamokarana.�� Miantoka�ny�fitantanana�ny�vola�sy�ny�fitaovana�� Miantoka�ny�fitantanana�sy�famerenana�ny�vola�
���Tabilao�3:�Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa�amin’ny�Fiompiana�
Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�tetikasa� �Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�� Fanofanana�sy�fanaraha�maso�� Fanomezana�fitaovana�sy�biby�fiompy�� Fanomezana�vola�(�tsy�averina)�� Fampindram�bola�(averina�rehefa�miaka�bokatra)�
� �Manaraka�sy�mampihatra�ny�fiofanana��� Miantoka�biby�fiompy,�ny�fanorenana�ny�fonenany��sy��ny�enti�
mamokatra�ary�ny�fitaovam�pamokarana�� Miantoka�ny�fitantanana�ny�vola�sy�ny�fitaovana�� Miantoka�ny�fitantanana�sy�famerenana�ny�vola�
�Tabilao�4:�Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa��amin’ny�sompitra�iombonana�
Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�tetikasa� �Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�� Fanofanana,�fandraisana�anjara�amin’ny�fanorenana�
trano�fitehirizam�bokatra��� Manampy�eo�amin’ny�fifandraisana�amin’ny�mpam�
pindram�bola�madinika31�� Manampy�amin’ny�fitadiavana�tsena�� �Fanomezana�vola�amin’ny�fividianana�vokatra�sy�
lasàka�� Fampindramam�bola�
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�Tabilao�5:��Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa�eo�amin’ny�asa�tànana�
Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�tetikasa� �Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�� Fanofanana�sy�fanaraha�maso�� Manome�akora�sy�fitaovana�� �Manampy�eo�amin’ny�fitadiavana�tsena�� Manampy�eo�amin’ny�fambolena�akora�� Fampindramam�bola�
� Manaraka�sy�mampihatra�ny�fiofanana�� �Mamokatra�akora�sy�ny�fitaovana�rehetra�ilaina��� Mamboly�akora�sy�mitantana�ny�fitaovana�� �Mitantana�ny�vola�sy�fitaovana�� Miantoka�ny�famerenam�bola�
�Tabilao�6:��Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�sy�ny�tetikasa�amin’ny�fotodrafitr’asa�
Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�Tetikasa� �Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�� Fiofanana�� Akora�fanorenana�tsy�hita�eo�an�toerana�(akafo�na�
vola)�
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Fandraisan’anjaran’ny�tetikasa� Fandraisana�anjaran’ny�mpahazo�tombotsoa�
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lany�ary�fanondranana�� �Manampy�amin’ny�famoronana�mari�
pamantarana34�� Manampy�eo�amin’ny�fifandraisana�amin’ny�mpam�
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fikambanana�tsotra�rehetra�izay��mijoro�eto�Madagasikara.�Manome�fahafahana�
hampijoroana�fikambanana��iray�izay�afaka�mizaka�tena�ara�bola,�ara�
pitantanana�fa�kosa��tsy�mizara�tombotsoa�ara�bola�ny�mpikambana�ao�aminy.�
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o Ny�lalàna�90�016�tamin’ny�20�jolay�1990:�izay�mamaritra�ny�atao�hoe:�
“tambajotra”�ho�an’ny�Fikambanana�Mpampiasa�Rano�.�Mahakasika�ny�
fitantanana,�fikojakojana�sy�fiarovana�ny�tambajotra�ary�ny�famindrana�ny�
fitantanana�ny�fotodrafitrasan’ny�tambajotra�io�lalàna�io.�
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misahana�ny�fitantanana�ny�ala.��
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Kaoperativa�eto�Madagasikara.�Mitondra�petra�bola�fandraisan’anjara�ny�
mpikambana�tsirairay�ao�anaty�Kaoperativa�.�Tsy�voafetra�ny�isan’ny�petra�bola�
sy�ny�mpikambana.�Arakaraka�ny�petra�bola�fandraisana�anjara�nentin’ny�
tsirairay�sy�ny�asa�nataony�no�hizarana�ny�tamberim�bidy.�
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Ohatra�1�
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�� Inona�avy�no�mety�ho�loharanom�bolan’ny�fikambanana�?�(Saram�pirotsahana�ho�
mpikambana�,�latsakemboka;�fanomezana�avy�amin’ny�Kaominina,�ny�tetikasa�sy�ny�malala�tànana�rehetra,�fanaovana�fety�isan�karazany�na�zavatra�tsy�voararan’ny�lalàna��toy�ny�varotra�fampirantiana,�fampisehoana�samihafa,�tsenabe,�voly�iombonana�……….).�
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taona�iray.��
Ny�rafitra�mpanatanteraka�no�mamolavola�izany.�Ny�rafitra�mpanapa�kevitra�kosa�no��manome�ny�������fankatoavana�mba�hahafahana�mampihatra�izany.�
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Tovana�7:�Vinavinam�bola��
Ny�mety�ho�fandaniana�hatao�Tetibidiny�(Ariary)�
Ny�vola�antenaina�ho�azo� Tetibidiny�(Ariary)�
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Tambin’asa�na�sarakatsaha�
Fandaniana�amin’ny�asa�famokarana�
Asa�fanatsarana�sy�fanitarana�
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Fanampiana�sy�famatsiana�(vita�fifanarahana�ara�dalàna)�
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Boky�nanovozan�kevitra��
André�L.�(2000)."PSYCHOLOGIE�SOCIALE,�TEXTES�FONDAMENTAUX�ANGLAIS�ET�AMERICAINS",�Editions�DUNOD,�Université�PARIS�Nord,�VILLETANEUSE.��Berthine�R.�(2009).�Evaluation�qualitative�de�la�sécurité�alimentaire�à�Madagascar.��Food�and�Agriculture�Organization.�(2001).�Project�Cycle�Management/Technical�Guide�.�Socio�econo,ic�and�Gender�Analysis�Programme.���INSTAT,�USAID,�EHP/ECHO,�Foundation�Summit,�Foundation�Tany�Meva�(2001).�Enquête�santé,�popula�tion�et�Environnement�MADAGASCAR��Jean�C.�S.�(2008).��"LES�GRANDS�AUTEURS�EN�ORGANISATION",�EDITIONS�DUNOD,�Collection�Economie�Module,�Université�de�LIMOGE�.��Jean�M.,�(2008)�.�"LA�DYNAMIQUE�DES�GROUPES",�PUF,�Que�sais�je?,�Université�de�PARIS�X,�NANTERRE.�
Joan�B.,�Sylvia�V.�and��Alison�E.�(�2005).�Management�Sciences�for�Health.Managers�Who�Lead:�A�Hand�book�for�Improving�Health�Services.��Kurt�L.(1992).� LA�DYNAMIQUE�DES�GROUPES",� "SCIENCES�HUMAINES"�n°14,� février�1992�pages�10�et�11.�Article�de�Michel�LOBROT,�professeur�à�l'université�de�PARIS�VIII.��Mark�G.�(2003).�What�is�Leadership�?���Programme�des�Nations�Unies�pour�le�Développement�.(�2008)�.�L'indice�de�développement�humain.��Tadashi�S.�(2006).�Assessing�the�access�to�forest�resources�for�improving�livelihoods�in�West�and�Central�Asia�countries.���
Warren� M.� R.� (2011).� EVALUATION� DES� PROJETS� «�sustainable� livelihoods� activities�».� Conservation�International.���