Flags in Madawaska:by David B. Martucci

Madawaska is a country largelysettled by French-speaking peoplethat lies at the very northern tip ofMaine and extends somewhat intoCanada, being parts of easternQuébec and western New Brunswick.At the present time, there is a Townof Madawaska in Aroostook County,Maine and a County of Madawaskawith its capital at Edmundston inNew Brunswick.

Historically, Madawaska is thename originally given to the St. JohnRiver and is derived from theAlgonquin name “Madoueskak”which means “Land of the Porcu-pine.” Today, one of the tributaries ofthe St. John bears that name and itflows from Lac Temiscouata north ofEdmundston south to the confluencewith the St. John at that town. Rightacross the river, and the interna-tional boundary is the Maine town ofthe same name, Madawaska.

The Fief of Madawaska wasgranted by the French Crown in 1683to Sieur Charles-Aubert de laChenaye. Joseph Blondeau, PierreClaverie and Sieur de Danseville weresuccessive owners until July 1763,when the Sieur de Danseville sold itto General James Murray, the Gov-ernor of Québec. In this transfer, thefief was described as “containing threeleagues in front, on each side of theriver of the same name, by two leaguesin depth, together with adjacent LakeTemiscouata.” It was owned byAlexander Fraser from 1802 to 1835,then sold to Cummings and Smith ofPortland, Maine.

Madawaska was largely unsettledprior to the mid-1700s. In 1755, theBritish deported the Acadians fromwhat is now Atlantic Canada. How-ever, some of the Acadians removedthemselves prior to the official actionand settled near Fredericton at aplace called St. Anne’s Point. In 1758,due to British threats to have themremoved, the French settlers of St.Anne’s Point moved again to Québec.Many of these people returned to St.Anne’s Point in 1763, after the Treatyof Paris was signed.

Following the American Revolu-

tion, many English speaking Loyal-ists from Massachusetts, New Jer-sey and New York settled in theFredericton area and they agitatedfor the removal of the French. Theyorganized the Province of New Brun-swick in 1784. Most of the Acadiansat St. Anne’s Point moved to theterritory above Grand Falls,Madawaska, in 1785-87.

The Treaty of Versailles in 1783between Britain and the UnitedStates defined the boundary in thisarea as being “… along the highestpoints which parts the basins of therivers which flow into the St.Lawrence, from the ones of the riverswhich flow into the Atlantic Ocean,…” To the minds of the Americans,this included the territory known asMadawaska. At the same time, NewBrunswick and Québec were feud-ing over this territory. New Brun-swick had claimed this region sinceits founding; Québec had sponsoredits settlers. In 1787, the surveyors ofCanada (Québec) and New Brun-swick met to agree on the boundarylines between the two provinces. Theywere unable to agree on a single footof boundary line. The settlers of theregion in 1790 petitioned the Gover-nor of Québec for inclusion withinthat jurisdiction and he granted theSeigniory of Madawaska later thatyear.

During the War of 1812, ten-sions were high along the border; in1814, the British reinforced theirgarrisons along the Great Lakes withtroops marched in February up thefrozen St. John and then up theMadawaska and across LakeTemiscouata and overland to Québecand then by transport down the riverto the Lakes. This surprised theAmericans who thought the only wayto move troops in would be in spring-time by boat. Many of the Frenchsettler of Madawaska became dis-gusted with their status during thisperiod; some settlers dreamed of theday when they would proclaim thecontested region an independentcountry.

In 1817, the first American set-tlers arrived in the region. Chief

among them was John Baker, a bi-lingual hot-tempered nationalist. Hearrived with a group of KennebecLumbermen, who had been grantedlands by New Brunswick for loggingand settling. In 1825, John Bakerpetitioned the new Maine Legisla-ture for letters patent granting himhis land, already granted by NewBrunswick, along the Merumticook,now known as Baker Brook and lo-cated in what is today Canada.

John Baker and his wife, SophieRice, the widow of John’s brotherNathan, who had been the originalleader of the settlers in 1817, be-came the leaders of the Americans inthis area. On July 4, 1827, a group ofAmericans gathered at his home tocelebrate Independence Day. TheAmerican flag was raised during thepatriotic celebration. According toAroostook: Our Last Frontier, he“hoisted the Stars and Stripes to ahome-hewn mast. The crowd cheered,merriment was plentiful, patriotismat a high pitch and a date properly setfor proclamation of a constitution forAmerican Aroostook.”

On August 10, 1827, the dateduly set for the proclamation of thenew Republic, Magistrate GeorgeMorehouse arrived and asked Bakerthe meaning of the flag. Baker re-plied, “C’est le drapeau Américain,est-ce-que vous ne l’avez jamais vu?en ce cas vous pouvez l’examiner toutá votre aise …” (“This is the Americanflag, have you never seen it? in thatcase you can take your time andexamine it …”) The flag was hauleddown by the Magistrate and taken toFredericton; Mrs. Baker went twentymiles to St. Baisle, and bought clothand made up another flag which washoisted in place of the first.

John Baker and his followerswere accused of revolt against Brit-ish laws; a sheriff and 14 men ar-rested him on September 25 andstarted down river to Fredericton.The party was not out of sight whenMrs. Baker raised her new Americanflag, saying “Le drapeau etoilé flotteraencore à la brise de Meruimticook!”(“The star-spangled banner will floatagain on the breeze of the

Then and NowMerumticook!”) John Baker wasbrought to trial on the charge ofconspiracy and sedition, May 8,1828, when he was sentenced to pay25 louis and to serve three months inthe provincial jail.

Baker was known locally as thefierce American, “le Washington dela republique americaine duMadawaska;” his wife, Sophie RiceBaker, as “la vice-présidente de larepublique,” “l’heroine deMeruimticook,” “ la Lucrèce duMadawaska,” and years later as “laBarbara Fritchie de l’Aroostook.”

The State of Maine protested vig-orously to Washington. Henry Clay,Secretary of State, replied to Gover-nor Lincoln, “The United States Gov-ernment, convinced of the justice ofher claims on Maine, will espouse thecause of John Baker and his compan-ions, if New Brunswick refuses to setthem free.” The Maine Governor de-manded immediate release of “Ameri-cans captured upon American soil,”promising that if this were not imme-diately done, “American troops wouldmarch upon the capital of New Brun-swick.”

Meanwhile, U.S. regulars weredispatched to the settlement ofHoulton, the southernmost outpostof early Aroostook, and they beganthe opening of a military road in thedirection of the St. John River. ButBritain preferred to yield rather thanfight, and later in 1828, the U.S. andBritain both agreed to submit theboundary dispute to internationalarbitration. The King of the Nether-lands was settled on as the judge ofthe final boundary and he respondedin 1831 with a boundary neither sidewas prepared to accept.

On February 28, 1831, the MaineLegislature Resolved not to acceptthe decision of the King of the Neth-erlands, giving as its reason that hewas no longer of any importancesince Belgium had since gone itsseparate way. They also “ResolvedFurther - for the reasons before stated,That no decision made by any umpireunder any circumstances, if the deci-sion dismembers a State, has or canhave, any constitutional force or obli-

gation upon the State thus dismem-bered, unless the State adopt andsanction the decision.”

On March 10, 1831, the Legisla-ture passed another Resolve thatapportioned Madawaska (among theother towns) one representative tothat body. On March 15, an Act toIncorporate “the territory called andknown by the name of MadawaskaSettlement” into the town ofMadawaska. (See map on page 5.)This incorporation included a hugepiece of territory, some 4,272 squaremiles or more than three times thesize of Rhode Island, and directedthe local inhabitants to organize theirtown’s government. On March 25,the President of the United States,Martin Van Buren, communicatedto the State of Maine that he was inreceipt of the findings of the King ofthe Netherlands and expressed hisdesire through the Secretary of State,“that while this matter is under delib-eration, no steps may be taken by theState of Maine, with regard to thedisputed territory, which may be cal-culated to interrupt or embarrass theaction of the Executive branch of theGovernment of the United States uponthis subject …” On April 1, the Legis-lature passed another Resolve add-ing “three hundred polls and the sumof $5,714 to the polls and taxableestate … set to the town ofMadawaska …”

William D. Williams, a Justice ofthe Peace, was directed to issue aWarrant for a Town Meeting, whichwas directed to Walter Powers, in-habitant, and the meeting was sched-uled for August 20, 1831 at thehouse of Peter Lizotte, on the southside of the river, in what is todayMaine. This meeting of about 40 menwas held out of doors (“en plein air”)as Lizotte protested against the meet-ing being held in his house. A mod-erator and other town officers werechosen, several French settlers hav-ing refused office. British officialsarrived and the meeting broke upwithout any further action. The meet-ing reconvened on September 12 atRaphael Martin’s house in what istoday Frenchville, Maine with about

50 citizens present. Captain PeterLizotte was chosen by 21 to 16 votesover John Baker as Madawaska’sRepresentative to the Legislature.

His Excellency Sir ArchibaldCampbell, Major General and lieu-tenant Governor of the Province ofNew Brunswick, accompanied by twomilitia officers, the Attorney Generalof the province, and the sheriff ofYork County (N.B.) arrived inMadawaska September 25 and is-sued warrants against all who hadvoted at the two meetings. BarnabasHunnewell (moderator), JesseWheelock (town clerk), Daniel Sav-age (selectman) and Daniel Bean werearrested; the French-speaking vot-ers were excused. The first threenamed were fined 50 pounds eachand imprisoned at Fredericton forthree months.

When the Legislature reconvenedin 1832, Lizotte wrote to GovernorSamuel Smith that he had protestedat the time of his election that he hadno intention of taking the oath ofallegiance to the United States, thathe was a British subject and in-tended to die so. (He died a citizen ofthe United States.) The new Gover-nor backed off on the stand his pre-decessor had taken and the matterof the Town of Madawaska was al-lowed to rest for the time being.

In 1836, Maine had a surplus offunds that was to be distributed tothe towns. As no census ofMadawaska had been taken,Ebenezer Greely of Dover was sent totake one so that the town could haveits apportionment of the funds. Hewas arrested by British authorities.In 1838, Maine Land Agent RufusMcIntire was arrested in Madawaska.Major Hastings Strickland, Sheriff ofPenobscot County, deputized a 200man posse and headed north. TheState Militia under General IsaacHogdon established Fort Fairfield;Federal troops under GeneralWinfield Scott occupied the blockhouse at Fort Kent. In response, theBritish established Fort Ingals at thehead of the Madawaska River at LakeTemiscouata and reinforced the gar-

Continued on Page 6

The arms of Tuva show the traditionalhorseman riding into the sunrise, dis-played in the national colors. The flag ofTuva was designed by Oyun-ool Sat. Whitesuggests silver (clean thoughts) and thesilver streamers draped over a hostess’arms as she greets guests. Yellow suggestsgold (riches) as well as Buddhism. Lightblue suggests the courage and firmness ofthe nomadic herdsmen (and the big blueTuvan sky!). The stripes represent theconfluence of the Bii-Khem and Kaa-Khemrivers at Kyzyl, where they form the Ulug-Khem (Yenisei). Source: Kerry Yackoboski(kerryy@bnr.ca).

The Tuvinian Flag appears in the photo ofKaigal-ool Khovalyg, a musician and mem-ber of the band Huun-Huur-Tu from theirCD “60 Horses in my Herd” published byShanachie Records, disk #64050.

Above are photos of the Tuvinian Coat ofArms as it appears on a lapel pin and ona tee shirt.These items are available fromthe Friends of Tuva Web Site (http://www.feynman.com/tuva/).

The Friends of Tuva Web Site shows the flagwith the hoist to the right, which has causedsome confusion online. Some sites, like theFlags of the World web site incorrectly showthe flag with the triangle at the fly. The textaccompanying the drawing clearly states thetriangle is at the hoist. Also, previously thedrawing showed an additional white stripein the center which has now been corrected,although the flag bumper stickers they sellstill show this error.

The Flag and Arms of Tuvaby Dave Martucci

MADAWASKA

by Lowell Bezanis

CHANGES TOTURKMENISTAN'S FLAG

An olive branch motif is to beadded to Turkmenistan’s na-tional flag, RFE/RL reportedon 30 January. According toa presidential decree issuedthe day before, the branch,which is similar to the olive branch on the UN flag, is toappear below the five motifs situated on the flag’s leftcorner. The decree noted the olive branch is to symbolizethe peace-loving nature of the Turkmen people as well asthe country's “neutral” status. Changes to the Turkmennational anthem and alphabet have also been made bypresidential decree.

OMRI Daily Digest I, No. 22, 31 Jan 97

OMRI homepage - http://www.omri.cz

From the embassy of theKingdom of the Netherlandsin Moscow the "NederlandseVereniging voor Vlaggen–kunde" got a paper flag of thenew flag of Turkmenistan.The laurel braches are of thesame model as in the flag ofthe United Nations. Accord-

ing to a Dutch diplomat the laurel branches referpresumably to the resolution, adopted January12, 1995 by the General Assembly of the UnitedNations, in which is stated that the Republic ofTurkmenistan is permanently neutral. InTurkmenistan they were very proud of this resolu-tion. The colors used in the flag are: black, PantoneBlack; green, Pantone 342; red, Pantone 187; andyellow, Pantone 1735

Jos Poels & Mark Sensen, FOTW (Flags of the World Email List).

New Flag of Turkmenistan

Flags in Madawaska: Then and Nowrisons at Grand Falls and Woodstock.This was known as the AroostookWar. Fortunately, the only casualtywas a pig that had strayed over theborder from New Brunswick intoMaine and was eaten by the Ameri-can troops.

General Scott renewed his oldacquaintance with the Governor ofNew Brunswick and negotiated asettlement, temporarily recognizingeach other’s possession of territory.John Baker reappeared in 1840 andcalled a mass meeting at FortKent, hoisted the Stars andStripes, and took possessionof all the region in the name ofthe American Republic. Thistime he was not arrested be-cause of the American troopsstill occupying most of thesettled area south of the river.The U.S. and Great Britainsigned the Ashburton-Webster Treaty on August 9,1842, settling the boundaryquestion once and for all. NewBrunswick and Québecsettled their boundary dis-pute in 1855, leaving portionsof Madawaska in each prov-ince and in Maine. John Bakerdied in 1867, a Canadian citi-zen. In 1895, his remains weremoved to Fort Fairfield, Mainewhere the State of Maineerected a monument to hismemory.

A new Town ofMadawaska was incorporatedby Maine in 1869. But the“Republic” of Madawaska was notforgotten. According to a pamphletentitled “The Republic of Madawaska”and published at Edmundston, “Themyth of the ‘Republic of Madawaska’(because it is not a true Republic in apolitical sense) draws its origins froman answer given to a French officialon a tour of inspection during thetroubled times by an old Madawaskacolonist. Thinking the official a littletoo inquisitive he said ‘I am a citizenof the Republic of Madawaska’ withall the force of an old Roman saying “Iam a citizen of Rome,’ and the pride ofa Londoner declaring ‘I am a Britishsubject’.”

Realizing the publicity advan-tages which could be derived from aRepublic in the bosom of a demo-cratic country and a constitutionalmonarchy, two citizens ofEdmundston, Dr. P. C. Laporte, well-known artist-sculptor and theHonourable J. Gaspard Boucher,provincial secretary-treasurer atFredericton, prepared a coat of armsfor the “Republic” (See illustrationbelow) which the Doctor had regis-tered at Ottawa, April 5, 1949. It

consists of two hands clasped to-gether with a torch rising out ofthem, above the words“MADAWASKA” and “N.B.” on rib-bons and the words “Republique du”and “Republic of” inscribed on eitheredge of the shield. At the base of theshield appears a porcupine and thebottom of the shield is shaped in theform of a fleur-di-lis.

Ten knights sit on the executiveof the Order of the Republic. Sincethe death of the Hon. J. GaspardBoucher in 1955, its presidents havebeen the Mayors of Edmundston.

The “Republic” also has a flag,researched by Robert A. Pichette in

1960. (See color illustration on page5.) He stated that the Registers inFredericton show that John Baker’sflag “showed an American eagle on awhite background surrounded by ahalf-circle of red stars.” The Presi-dent of the “Republic” (Mayor Nadeau)commissioned Mr. Robert Benn, pro-fessional designer and native ofEdmundston to draw the design in1965. The Reverend sister Marthe deJesus from the Immaculate Concep-tion Congregation and arts teacher

in Edmundston, painted theoriginal flag which hangsabove the Mayors seat in theCity of Edmundston build-ing.

The flag is white, with anarc of six red five-pointed starsover a bald eagle with brownfeathers, white head, and beakand claws of yellow, outlinedin black. Proportions approxi-mately 3:4. Presented to theCity Council, it is said “thatthere was no beginning andthat all was well accepted in ademocratic way.” Later, in1966, a visitor asked MayorNadeau the meaning of theflag. After a moment of hesi-tation, he said:

“The Eagle represents thegreat neighbouring nation, theUnited States of America, towhich Daniel Webster andLord Ashburton, in 1842, re-fused the privilege and thehonor of having theMadawaska in its territory. A

loss for Uncle Sam’s Country!“The White Background [repre-

sents] the purity of the‘Madawaskayen’ scenery and of itspeople: a purified breeding ofAcadians, French Canadians,aborigenal [sic] and Anglo-Saxons.

“The Six Red Stars [represent]the founders and their spilled bloodworking at clearing the dense forestand opening our land to the abun-dant cultivation to well feed the verycharming and hospitable mouths toenrich Canada be it of Acadians,French Canadians (said canayens),the aboriginal, the English, the Scotchand the Irish.”

According to a sheet entitled “Ex-planation [of] The Flag of the Republicof Madawaska” the stars represent(from hoist to fly) Acadians/Acadiens,Scots/Ecossais, English/Anglais,Irish/Irlandais, French/Francais,and Indians/Indiens.

According to an article appear-ing in The Atlantic Advocate, June1981, entitled “The Republic ofMadawaska” by Oneil Clavet, theflag “features an eagle symbol of theirindependence, on a white backgroundand overhung by six red stars, laidout in a semi-circle, and representingthe six ethnic groups, all co-foundersof the republic. The Indians, theAcadians, the Quebecers, the Loyal-ists, the Americans and the Irish.”

This flag flies over theEdmundston City Hall and is verymuch in evidence during La FoireBrayonne, the annual nine-dayMadawaskan festival.

However, things are different “onthe other side,” in the U.S. part ofMadawaska. Having traveled thereand asking around, there is hardlyany recognition of the “Republic” orits flag. The emblem of choice in “theValley” is the flag of Acadia, theFrench tri-color with a gold star addedin commemoration of the Virgin Maryfor her intercession in the Acadiancause thereby permitting them tosurvive as a people. (See color illus-tration on page 5.) Although some-times seen in Canada, this flag isvery much used on the U.S. side ofthe border. It flies daily over theMunicipal Building of Madawaskaand is seen flying on many homes allalong the river. The annual AcadianFestival in Madawaska finds thisflag flying from every telephone poleon Main Street and it is sold by thedozens by vendors along the paraderoute.

It is curious that an “American”flag is popularly used in French-speaking Canada and a “French” flagis popularly used in the French-speaking part of the United States.Only in Madawaska!

The preceeding was presented atthe December, 1996 meeting of NEVA.

S

Madawaska

The New England Journal ofVexillology is published ir-regularly by the New EnglandVexillological Association, DaveMartucci, Editor. Annual mem-bership dues in NEVA is $10for a single class of member-ship and this fee includes asubscription to the Journal. Inaddition to the print version,there is an online edition of theJournal found at URL http://w w w . m i d c o a s t . c o m /~martucci/NEJV.html . Theeditor can be contacted by writ-ing to:

David Martucci240 Calderwood Rd

Washington ME 04574-3440or by phone: (207) 845-2857

or by email to:martucci@midcoast.com .

ATTENTION MEMBERSFor the past three months or

so, your officers have been work-ing on the proposal to FIAV forhosting the 18ICV in 1999 inBoston. You may not have heardmuch from this organization inthat time and you may be won-dering if we are still functional.Yes! We are! This newsletter (theJanuary, 1997 issue) is late; wecould use some help in the com-ing months putting together ma-terial for this publication, help-ing to organize the 18ICV, andanswering NEVA mail and email.We would also like your ideas andsuggestions.

Volunteers are wanted!! Ifyou can offer any assistance,please contact: Dave Martucci.Thank you.

A Suggestion for a Flag for Brookline [Massachusetts]by Albert S. Kirsch

The above flag occured to me asa decent design for a flag for the townof Brookline. I tried to keep it assimple as possible, in conformancewith the principles of good flag de-sign, yet recognizably distinct fromother flags and having significanceto residents of the town. The themeis a stylized representation of theblue Muddy River (Brookline’s origi-

nal name) flowing southwest to north-east through Olmsted’s green “Em-erald Necklace.” The white star rep-resents the town’s location on thewest bank of the river, and alsoechos a similar star in the arms ofthe Commonwealth. The white fim-briations are purely esthetic.

Comments are welcome. Email73051.3704@compuserve.com.

✩StarW/V

DesignB/W/V

FRINGE ON THE FLAG?For many years rumors have been

spread through the United Statesconcerning the origin and meaningof the gold fringe which frequentlydecorates the Stars and Stripes. Ithas been claimed that such fringe iswithout proper authorization; that itis symbolic of the end of the goldstandard as the basis for UnitedStates currency; or that it indicatesthe substitution of admiralty courtsand martial law for common lawcourts and procedures, as part of aconspiracy supposedly instigated byCommunists, Jews, Masons, liber-als, feminists, homosexuals, or other“un-American” groups. Many of theseclaims are spread by radio talk pro-grams, cassette tapes, lectures andother non-written form. The follow-ing can be stated with certainty:• Available evidence seems to sug-

gest that the claims made aboutfringe on the United States flagare intended to promote the po-litical ends — including elimina-tion of income taxes, re-estab-lishment of the gold standard,and denial of legal rights to women,non-Christians, and non-Cauca-sians — of those who spread thoserumors.

• From the standpoint of historyand law, fringe on a flag has nosymbolism. While each individualis free to interpret the meaning offringe, it has no inherent or estab-lished universal symbolism.

uses, use of fringe is like the choiceof polyester or nylon over cottonor wool for the flag itself — simplya matter of enhancing the appear-ance of the flag.

• Title Four of the United StatesCode which defines the Stars andStripes neither prescribes nor pro-scribes the use of cords and tas-sels, heading, sleeve, fringe, andother accessories to the flag. It isuniversally recognized that thesymbolic aspect of the flag is in-herent in its colors and symbols,not in the physical characteris-tics of the flag or the things (likefringe) added to it when it is dis-played.

• Admiralty courts deal only withmaritime contracts, collisions atsea, and similar naval questions,not with normal civil and criminalcases. There is no symbol in theUnited States which indicates anadmiralty court. While interna-tional treaties require that shipsdisplay the national flag, mari-time flags never have fringe.

• Martial law is not mentioned inthe United States constitution norhas martial law ever been pro-claimed in the United States. Theuse or non-use of fringe on aUnited States flag in a court hasnothing to do with the jurisdic-tion of the court or with martiallaw.

• While fringe is frequently used onmilitary flags and in formal set-tings (parades, public meetings,offices of government officials,courts, inaugurations, dedicationceremonies, etc.), it is also widelyused in the private sector. Ex-amples of private usage of fringeon flags in the United States ex-tend back for 200 years.

• Fringe is and always has been apurely decorative addition — anoptional enhancement of thebeauty of a flag, added on a dis-cretionary basis when the flag ispurchased. In the private sectorand for non-military government

Fringe, along with a pole,spearhead, ferrule, and acord and tassel set are offi-cial elements of the MaineState Flag. No specific sym-bolism is attributed to any ofthese elements in State Law.

qGregory Gonzales71 Strong RdSouthampton MA01073-9553(413) 529-0255

Coral May Grout464 Central StWinchendon MA 01475(508) 297-0329grout@meol.mass.edu

Tom Hale50 Lind StQuincy MA 02169(617) 773-8488

Lionel AlvesInstitute of Luso-BrazilianNobiliary StudiesPO Box 412Watertown CT 06795(860) 274-5714

Peter Augello34 Commonwealth AveMiddletown NY 10940-4730(914) 343-253174744.311@compuserve.com

John Ayer151F Pond RdFranklin CT 06254(860) 642-4318

Bob KoellerSeatronics Co.173 E Main StGloucester MA 01930(508) 281-0034;FAX 283-9157

Michel LupantCentre Belgo-Européend’Etudes des Drapeaux6, Clos de la PastureB-1340 OttigniesBelgium

Patrick Lyons323 Conant Hall36 Oxford StCambridge MA 02138plyons@husc.harvard.edu

Thomas Ross35892 ParkdaleLivonia MI 48150

Zvi Ruder18 Watertown StLexington MA 02173(617) 861-9135zruder@harcourtbrace.com

Christopher Sweet145 Blackberry RdN Attleboro MA 02760-3518(508) 695-0795 [home] 222-2900 [w] 226-6702 [fax]cls@therobbinsco.com

Andrew WoodsPO Box 127S Boston MA02127-0127(617) 328-3900x 924

NEW MEMBERS SINCE 1/1/96

A complete listing of all NEVA members willbe distributed at the 4/20/97 Meeting.