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dispersed storage facilities
intermittent, unpredictable power generation
unpredictable recharging of electric vehicles
positive energy homes
factories reducing their carbon footprint
Why Smart Grids? Changing practices and technologies
varying lighting
intensity according to presence, daylight, etc.
increasingly dynamic management of heating/air conditioning and equipment
Why Smart Grids? Energy systems are more complex to balance
Producers adapting to demand Low-carbon technologies and behaviours
Producers and consumers adapting to demand and supply
Smart Grids
Increasingly tomorrow
In 2005: 1,700 In 2015: more than 334,000
electricity producers connected to the medium-voltage grid in France
Low-carbon, flexible technologies and behaviours
more than 100,000 new PV installations per year (all grids)
Yesterday
Major growth of photovoltaic in the PACA region
Photovoltaic production in the PACA region:
2014: 600 MW ground-based, 200 MW roof panels
Targets by 2020: 1,150 MW ground-based, 1,150 MW roof panels
Targets by 2030: 2,200 MW ground-based, 2,200 MW roof panels
Smart Grids will help to promote: Greater integration of variable renewable energies
Electricity generated by a photovoltaic plant in the PACA region
2 million electric vehicles in France in 2020:
7% of all light vehicles on the road
400,000 public charging points
and 4 million private charging points
1-2% of total national electricity
consumption
~ 10% of national peak consumption if all
vehicles are recharged simultaneously at 7
pm (possibly more on the local grid)
Smart Grids will help to promote: The growth of electric vehicles
At European level, investment in smart technologies could reduce electricity consumption by street lighting by 64% (European E-Street project)
Sensor/dimmers connected to a central remote management system that can adjust lighting levels according to weather conditions, natural light, road traffic volumes, pedestrians, etc.
In 2014, street lighting accounted for 42% of local authority electricity consumption in France. More than half of existing equipment is obsolete and energy-inefficient
Smart Grids will help to promote: Savings for local authorities
PACA region: specific energy characteristics
7
“Peninsula” energy context Risks of selective power cuts and black-outs higher than elsewhere. Highly variable demand according to temperature and population trends Population: 60% increase in summer; 10-30 times higher at ski and coastal resorts, etc. Widespread introduction of photovoltaic systems The region produces less than half of the electricity it consumes, and most of its
production capacity is located inland
Because of these constraints, the region has become an early adopter
of advanced energy savings and renewable energy technologies and
processes.
that explain why the region has become a constant pioneer in Smart Grids
High density of projects and demonstrators, including:
PREMIO
France’s first demonstrator and winner of international awards Has influenced similar projects in the United States
A smart solar district involving 1,500 customers Now hosts foreign delegations (India, United States).
Renewable energies: a key element of the Regional Innovation Plan
(Capenergies pilot scheme)
(ERDF pilot scheme)
Collaboration with Italy (Green Me), a pioneering leader in the field with 31 million smart meters deployed since 2011 and extensive hands-on experience of consumer behaviour, identifying vulnerable households and managing private data.
Smart Grids, one of the priorities of the “New Face of Industry in France” plan
2
• From 2017 onwards, deploy a set of industrially mature Smart Grid equipment and technologies across a large, representative area.
• Develop successful business models.
• Turn the deployment zone into a showcase of France’s Smart Grids expertise for the export market.
Globally, the renewable energies sector accounts for estimated turnover of €30bn per year
Smart Grids Industrial Plan: national roadmap
10
Install a smart grid at university campuses for
training and research purposes
Define the renewable energy sector’s R&D strategy and make
standardisation more effective
Organise a competition to encourage new ideas about
the emergence and deployment of innovative solutions from start-ups
Organise targeted, wide-scale deployment of smart
grids in France
Taking the
lead (7-10 years)
Establish a structure to support start-ups
Create a renewable energy sector consortium in France
and promote it internationally
France’s renewable
energies team (1 year)
From demonstration
to implementation (3 years)
Create a renewable energies academy to
develop training programmes that meet the
sector’s needs Maximise public benefits
(job and wealth creation,
environmental impact)
Organise the wide-scale deployment of renewable energies Action no.6
From 2017 onwards, deploy a set of industrially mature Smart Grid equipment and technologies across a large, representative area.
Develop successful business models.
Turn the deployment zone into a
showcase of France’s Smart Grids expertise for the export market.
Two components:
Technologies selected by ERDF and RTE (€80m of investment)
Proposals from regions (€100m-€200m of investment)
11
Flexgrid Programme
42 territorial projects
6 cross-cutting
projects : • Acculturation and
society mobilisation, • Support and
mobilisation of SMEs, • International
promotion, leveraging and growth,
• Training and skills development,
• Data management, • Cyber-security
€340m in
investissement
€10,5m invested by
RTE and €20m by
Enedis over the 2017-2020 period to support the projects
800 involved
companies and entities
2600 recipient
companies, 115 000 beneficiary citizens
FLEXGRID PROJECTS: AREA COVERED
14
Local authority areas, public establishments for cooperation, positive-energy areas for green growth, electricity distribution authorities
SUPPLY: Comprehensive and integrated offerings, use cases, extensive
expertise Five solutions to emerging or growing needs/requirements DEMAND: Market types Stakeholder types Grid types
A portfolio organised by industrial sector (i.e. supply/demand)
FIVE CATEGORIES OF REGIONAL PROJECT Photovoltaic private generation and consumption (difference scales
and configurations) Solutions for business users: benefits for businesses and grids Synergies between renewables: benefits for renewable energy
producers and grids Management of electric vehicle charging and discharging Regional energy optimisation and greater regional flexibility FIVE OFFERS = Five comprehensive and integrated solutions to growing needs/requirements in France and worldwide.
A project portfolio organised by industrial sector
Several ways to achieve optimal synchronisation of supply and demand:
Developing more robust supply/demand forecasts and
more dynamic real-time installation monitoring technologies.
Identifying synergies between renewables (i.e. combining
different types of renewable energy). Improving consumers’ and producers’ load management,
modulation and storage capabilities. Leveraging a variety of storage solutions to improve
flexibility and integrate renewables.
Forming the basis of FLEXGRID projects.
Developing technical systems and legal and business models that:
maximise the proportion of local demand covered by local photovoltaic supply
avoid the need for feed-in and spikes on the grid
reduce household energy bills
1. Photovoltaic private generation and consumption projects
Several configurations: Urban district: ALLAR and FRAIS VALLON projects Social housing: CEZANNE, DECANIS and FRAIS VALLON projects Warehouses: ENTREPOT project Carto PV project
EuroMéditerranée eco-city Allar block (EuroMéditerranée operation of national interest)
Frais Vallon district (1,350 homes, schools, pool, etc.)
Fos-sur-Mer port industrial and logistics zone
“Photovoltaic could become the leading renewable energy source by 2050” International Energy Agency
1. Photovoltaic private generation and consumption projects OBJECTIVES
To meet as much local demand as possible with local PV production To synchronise PV supply and demand as far as possible, and at the lowest possible cost
1. Photovoltaic private generation and consumption projects How?
Distribution of photovoltaic production capacities between buildings with complementary consumption profiles (homes, businesses, schools, etc.).
Programming of equipment to operate at times when sunlight is at its strongest (dishwasher, fire system control panels, pool pumps, etc.).
Design PV systems that seek to strike the right balance between supply and demand (examples)
Batteries: use sparingly and only if required, since these push up electricity costs.
Active bifacial photovoltaic module, producing a “camel hump” production curve reflecting the sun’s movement across the sky and aligned with morning and evening demand spikes.
Another example: photovoltaic panels covering the entire façade of a building (on the right). These “vertical” layouts are designed with demand in mind.
Storage batteries that can be recharged using renewable energy and provide multiple high-value services:
- for the business: energy resilience (power outages and price volatility) - for grids: flexibility, load management, voltage regulation, frequency support.
along with energy management of processes and equipment and supply/demand forecasting Promoting the emergence of smart industrial/port zones and business parks
2. Greater flexibility for business users Projects that aim to make businesses more energy-resilient, more flexible and more adept at load management
Targets:
Data centres (intensive consumption and
sensitivity to supply) Mass retail Heavy industry (intensive consumption) Food industry etc.
Hybrid photovoltaic/wind/hydroelectricity systems: using the Durance hydroelectric chain to support photovoltaic and wind plants
Hybrid photovoltaic/wind/Li-ion battery systems Forecasting and management systems
Benefits for grid operators and renewable energy producers:
- reducing forecast uncertainties, ironing out variations, offsetting/moving renewable energy production - increasing renewable energy feed-in into grids and making renewables more economically attractive to
buyers - limiting grid congestion and renewable production peak shaving
New business and cooperative models (between producers).
3. Synergies between renewables Projects that aim to increase intermittent renewable energy feed-in into grids and make renewables more attractive to buyers (markets and consumers)
Five hydroelectric dams: 250 MWe
Hydropower, wind, photovoltaic: the top three renewable electricity sources in the world
Multiple photovoltaic and wind farms: 150-200 MWe
Urban and rural areas
Charging point deployment master plan that anticipates constraints and behaviours.
Real-time management of charging points in order to reduce demand spikes and promote renewable energy production.
Interoperability between charging points and access management and payment systems.
Pricing policy and incentive strategies.
Experimenting with electric vehicle charging flexibility to address grid constraints.
Vehicle to Grid (connecting electric vehicle batteries to the grid).
4. Management of electric vehicle charging and discharging
Adding electric vehicle charging to a site with its own, pre-existing consumption (in yellow): graph 1: without optimisation, graph 2: with optimisation.
5. Regional projects that aim to improve energy optimisation and create regional flexibility
Harnessing a region’s renewable energy production (electricity and heat) and storage capacities.
Making equipment controllable (PV inverters, water storage tanks, hot water tanks, street lighting, electric vehicle charging, refrigeration units, etc.).
Establishing (an) energy management system(s) to control infrastructure and, therefore:
• Increase local renewable energy consumption and improve local energy efficiency
• Create new flexibilities, combine flexibilities and leverage them at regional or national scales.
Isolated grid Mountain resorts Rural-urban area Conurbation
5. Projects that aim to improve regional energy optimisation and create regional flexibility (positive-energy area approach)
Hydroelectricity, waste water turbine system, energy recovery, photovoltaic, biomass boiler room, etc.
Storage: STEP, dam with inflatable structures, cooling and air storage.
Infrastructure energy management: ski lifts, snow cannons, ice rink, pool, housing, electric vehicle charging points, etc.
Micro-grid serving a village. Photovoltaic and hydroelectric plants. Transfer of electricity from an electric boat’s
batteries to the grid.
Isolated grid Microgrid Nevache project
Smart mountain resorts of the future Orres and
Isola 2000 projects
Continuation of Nice Grid. Six districts involved. 334 MW (fully renewable). 220 MW heating/cooling networks
(seawater loop, geothermal). 19 MW of storage. Street lighting, electric vehicle charging points, business and tertiary parks, etc.
Renewable energy production at the Cité des Energies: 13 MW (PV + concentrated solar thermal) + 4 MW of diverse storage facilities (molten salts, flywheels, etc.).
Diverse consumption types: villages, business parks, charging points.
Located downstream of the Vinon medium-voltage/high-voltage sub-station (to avoid repression from high-volume renewable production).
Rural-urban area Vinon project
Conurbation FlexNice projects
5. Projects that aim to improve regional energy optimisation and create regional flexibility (positive-energy area approach)
Regional data and flow management platform(s)
Cyber-security
Mobilisation of SMEs and sector unification
Training and skills development + Smart Campus Nice Sophia Antipolis
International promotion, leveraging and growth
Social engagement, social and behavioural support, legal, social and business models
Cross-cutting projects that improve the quality of the five offers and bring them more in line with demand.
A project that is engaging society Citizens and users at the heart of the project
Around a dozen teams of behavioural science experts (sociologists, socio-economists, and experts in engagement, communications, social marketing and green nudges, etc.).
Identification of resistance, motivations, dissemination drivers, new use values, etc.
Mobilisation and incentive strategies to get people on board, promote cultural adaptation, and foster joint development with different populations.
Creation of a behavioural science observatory focusing on
Smart Grids.
Projects involving teachers, sixth-formers, students and citizens.
Green nudges: examples SHS (9 actions), LYCEES and ENERGIE PARTAGEE projects
Projects that target areas of different types and sizes, selected to reflect the characteristics of major and/or growing global markets
Urban and rural areas in cold, hot and temperate climates Coastal cities in hot countries Port industrial and logistics zones
Ski resorts (53 in PACA, 1,185 in Europe)
Disadvantaged
neighbourhoods
Countries with hydropower, solar and wind resources Countries with more expensive and poorer quality electricity than France
Off-grid areas
Citizen
Business users
Renewable energy producers
Cities and regions
Grid operators Regulatory and legislative authorities
Projects designed with the needs/requirements of different market actor categories in mind
Being planet-friendly and environmentally conscious consumers, limiting
dependence on electricity suppliers and reducing energy bills
Improving resilience to price fluctuations and electricity outages, moving towards “greener” supply, promoting private production and consumption
Increasing intermittent renewable energy feed-in into grids and making renewables more attractive to buyers (markets and consumers)
Achieving energy targets, clean mobility, positive-energy areas, and using value for money to make electricity more attractive
Maintaining supply quality and reducing costs as changing uses and production practices introduce ever greater instability, uncertainty and risk
Achieving national energy targets, investing in green energy to deliver financial benefits and reduce emissions, transitioning towards clean mobility, achieving a positive cost/benefit outcome for the public
Projects hosted in iconic locations with an international reach, forming a “pool” of French expertise
EuroMéditerranée (Eco-city: the largest urban renovation project in
southern Europe)
Plaine du Var Eco-Vallée Durance hydroelectric chain (a dense network of smart systems to
promote multi-usage water management)
CEA Cité des Energies in Cadarache
Nice Grid and Smart City Innovative Center
Thecamp
EuroMéditerranée