Е Г Г Е

Tursiops truncatus, Phocoena phocoena и Delphinus delphis

: - , - , . . , . .

- ь , . - , - ,

, . ,

Mare Nostrum Romania, nveco Greece, MacAlister Great Britain

- ,

2015 .,

Е Г Г Е

2

1. ................................................................................................................... 5

2. .............................................................. 6

2.1. (Tursiops truncatus ponticus).............................................................................. 6

2.2. (Phocoena phocoena relicta) .............................................................. 10

2.3. (Delphinus delphis ponticus) ....................................................... 15

3. .................................................................. 19

4. .......................................................................................... 21

5. .................................................................................... 23

6. ..................................... 25

7. ......................................................................... 27

7.1. ...................................................................................................... 30

7.2. ........................................................................... 33

8. ............................................................................. 36

8.1. ...................................................................................................... 39

8.2. ............................................................................... 42

9. .................................................................................................. 43

9.1. ........................................... 43

9.2. ........................................................................... 48

10. ............................................................... 56

Е Г Г Е

3

11. ........................................................ 58

12. ............................................................................ 61

13.

............................................................................................... 63

14. (

) ..................................................................................................................... 64

15. .............................................................................................. 65

16. ............................................................ 70

17. ,

..................................................................................................... 72

18. .............................................................................................................................. 78

Е Г Г Е

4

:

(Tursiops truncatus) – (Tursiops truncatus ponticus/ Barabasch,

1940)

M (Phocoena phocoena) - (Phocoeana phocoen

relicta/ Abel, 1905)

O (Delphinus delphis) – (Delphinus

delphis ponticus/ Barabash-Nikiforov, 1935)

–

-

–

–

Е Г Г Е

5

1.

(Tursiops truncatus), (Phocoena phocoena)

(Delphinus delphis) №2 18

2006 .

( . . .3 12 2007 .).

:

a)

( .11 );

b) ( .17

).

:

,

Е Г Г Е

6

2.

2.1. (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS PONTICUS)

,

.

, ,

,

- ,

; ;

;

(BТrФuЧ, 2012). ,

,

, .

: 2.2 3.3

1.

: 2.3 -2.5 ( . 3,3 ) - 150-200

: 2.0-2.1 ( . 3.1) : 0.9 - 1.2 , 10-12

, .

, . 18-26 ;

- .

Е Г Г Е

7

. . : ( -

), . , , ,

. .

, , , .

.

. 20

- , -

. ,

. . , . . " " .

, 25-30 .

, 5-7

, . 15 90 300 .

- 5-6 . . 12 , - 8-12 .

.;

12

18

: , , , , , , ,

, .

,

, :

- ;

- ;

- ;

Е Г Г Е

8

- ( ).

,

, .

( - ) ( , 1963К),

- - ( , 1996).

1.

: http://www.south-stream-

offshore.com/media/documents/pdf/bg/2014/07/ssttbv_bg_esia_13_marineeco_web_bg_bg_2

0140725.pdf

Е Г Г Е

9

2. 2014 . - 2015 .

: П „ / ъ – I “,

Д : „ TursТops truncatus, PСocoena pСocoena DelpСТnus delpСТs ъ ( ) Ч “

,

.

- .

,

.

5 10

17-65 Ц ( 1996)

Е Г Г Е

10

1992-1995 . 2010-2011

(Mihaylov 2011) 15-25 35-80 Ц

.

( 6 - 200 ),

( 200 ) ( -

6 ; ).

, -

(BТrФuЧ, 2012), 15 000 (BТrФuЧ Оt КХ., 2014).

2.2. (PHOCOENA PHOCOENA RELICTA)

- .

, ,

. ,

, , ,

.

: 1.3-1.5 , . 1.8 ; 30

Е Г Г Е

11

2.

- 1.3-1.5 , 30 , -

: 82-86 , 3-8

; - .

, , . : - 24-27, - 22-24.

, , 4 . - , ,

- . -

, . -

- .

, , .

, , , .

, , , ; (2-3

), - . . ,

, ;

.

7-8 ., . 13-15 .

22 /

6 . 50-75 .

3-4 .

.

( , , , ,

, ) ( , )

Е Г Г Е

12

,

.

- .

, -

(Mihaylov,2011).

Е Г Г Е

13

3.

: http://www.south-stream-

offshore.com/media/documents/pdf/bg/2014/07/ssttbv_bg_esia_13_marineeco_web_bg_bg_2

0140725.pdf

, , ( )

- (0 – 200 ) ,

(BТrФuЧ, 2008)

– .

- ,

, .

, , ,

.

,

- , Engraulis

encrasicolus:

( 1963a; Birkun et al. 2006).

Е Г Г Е

14

4. 2014 . - 2015 .

: П „ / ъ – I “,

Д : „ TursТops truncatus, PСocoena pСocoena DelpСТnus delpСТs ъ ( ) Ч “

, ,

( . ( ) -

) - ( 1963 ),

. ;

2-4 , -

( 1996).

( 1963 ). , ,

Е Г Г Е

15

.

,

, , , ,

( , 1990; , 1998; , 2003; Birkun, 2002;

, , 2009; . ).

: ; –

; – ; – . ; ; .

,

- (Birkun, 2008, Birkun et al., 2014).

2.3. (DELPHINUS DELPHIS PONTICUS)

, -

. (

200 ), (

6 - 200 )

, ,

, , , , , ,

, ( , 1956; , 1940 , ; BТrФuЧ, 2002; ,

, 2009).

-

,

.

Е Г Г Е

16

: : 1.7 - 1.8 , . 2.2 ; : 1.5-1.7 , . 2.0

3.

: 1.7-1.8 – 55-60

: 1.5-1.7 - 50

: 80-95 cm –5-8

1.7 ( 2.2 2 ).

,

40 60 .

: , - . .

, , ,

, , .

. , , .

, .

, .

, , .

. . ,

.

, , . .

Е Г Г Е

17

45-55 /

60-70 ,

3-5 . 300 .

2-4 3-4

, -

11 . 2-3

- 5-6

- , , ;

, , , , , .

.

, 2003-

2005 ., 2.9 5.4 ( . , ).

5.

Е Г Г Е

18

: http://www.south-stream-

offshore.com/media/documents/pdf/bg/2014/07/ssttbv_bg_esia_13_marineeco_web_bg_bg_2

0140725.pdf

(Delphinus delphis

ponticus) ,

.

.

6. 2014-2015 .

: П „ / ъ – I “,

Д : „ TursТops truncatus, PСocoena pСocoena DelpСТnus delpСТs ъ ( ) Ч “

Е Г Г Е

19

3.

,

.

– ,

, .

-

,

(ACCOBAMS); (Convention

on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest Convention));

(UN CШЧЯОЧtТШЧ ШЧ

Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat-RAMSAR);

(Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats-Bern

CШЧЯОЧtТШЧ); (BШЧЧ

CШЧЯОЧtТШЧ ШЧ tСО CШЧsОrЯКtТШЧ ШП MТРrКtШrв SЩОМТОs ШП АТХН AЧТЦКХs);

(CКrtКРОЧК PrШtШМШХ ШЧ BТШНТЯОrsТtв);

(GFCM);

(EC HКЛТtКt DТrОМtТЯО); (MКrТЧО

StrКtОРв FrКЦОаШrФ DТrОМtТЯО) .

IUCN. T. truncatus

(1985, 2011) -

VU ДD1Ж, IUCN ДEN A2МНОЖ (BТrФuЧ,

2012).

(2011),

IUCN ДVU A2МНОЖ (BТrФuЧ, 2008).

(2011) : ДVU

A1КМНО + 2МОЖ. IUCN ДEN A1Н+4МНОЖ (BТrФuЧ, 2008).

IUCN .

Е Г Г Е

20

4.

/ IUCN

(Tursiops truncatus

ponticus)

(EЧ) (Vu) (

Tursiops

truncatus)

(Phocoena phocoena

relicta)

(EЧ) (Vu) (

Phocoena phocoena)

(DОХЩСТЧus

delphis ponticus)

(Vu) (DD)

Е Г Г Е

21

4.

,

,

,

. - ,

.

. 17 ,

(MBLS), , .

7. : 10 10 , .17

(CШЦЦТssТШЧ ШЧ tСО PrШtОМtТШЧ ШП tСО BХКМФ SОК AРКТЧst PШХХutТШЧ)

, 34

156 2.

Е Г Г Е

22

5. АGS84

, N ,

1 415952N 281926E

2 421428N 292045E

3 422624N 293420E

4 422924N 294936E

5 423327N 295830E

6 424803N 303410E

7 424931N 303618E

8 425643N 304506E

9 431954N 310633E

10 432649N 312043E

: http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_socio-economy-eez.asp

Е Г Г Е

23

5.

.

, ,

.

( ) ,

.

.

,

:

– -

- –

- -

– –

– –

- -

- -

, ,

ъ ъ

.

Е Г Г Е

24

. ,

.

- ( - ,

– 15 -15 ) ( - ) ,

-

, ( -

) ( - ) – ( ).

.

.

. 6- , 10

- 10 – .

.

. .

.

Е Г Г Е

25

6.

. .

6.

, m/s

, m

0 <0.3 0 .

, .

1 0.3–1.5 0–0.2 .

2 1.6–3.4 0.2–0.5 . , .

3 3.5–5.4 0.5–1

, ;

(1 5

).

4 5.5–7.9 1–2 , -

, .

5

8.0–10.7 2–3

.

, .

.

, :

0 < 1

1 1-2

2 2-4

3 > 5

, .

Е Г Г Е

26

http://poseidon.hcmr.gr/

8.

9.

Е Г Г Е

27

7.

.

: 34,156 2

: 3657 km

: 1 10 2

, 90°, 10

, 10.

10.

DТstКЧМО, CСurМСТХХ NКЯТРКtТШЧ AuРЦОЧtОН RОКХТtв SвstОЦ ( RS).

Е Г Г Е

28

7.

, N , E

-101 43.752331 29.084934

+101 43.531154 31.012200

-102 43.713740 28.580400

+102 43.404695 31.294127

-103 43.620971 28.598774

+103 43.329032 31.170288

-104 43.528198 28.617096

+104 43.250700 31.067037

-105 43.446555 28.526135

+105 43.170562 30.977796

-106 43.394269 28.139252

+106 43.090344 30.888792

-107 43.311540 28.056250

+107 43.010047 30.800022

-108 43.228748 27.973474

+108 42.929672 30.711487

-109 43.141855 27.932821

+109 42.849219 30.623185

-110 43.054316 27.898810

+110 42.771379 30.512739

-111 42.964125 27.892303

+111 42.700433 30.343642

-112 42.872935 27.896139

+112 42.629224 30.174920

-113 42.781743 27.899965

+113 42.557753 30.006573

-114 42.712186 27.678272

Е Г Г Е

29

, N , E

+114 42.488595 29.816110

-115 42.627336 27.615538

+115 42.427509 29.551269

-116 42.545530 27.520168

+116 42.346826 29.458597

-117 42.459606 27.468343

+117 42.266061 29.366164

-118 42.342429 27.746853

+118 42.195563 29.179403

-119 42.251226 27.750947

+119 42.131205 28.932817

-120 42.151951 27.838429

+120 42.066307 28.686715

-121 42.051176 27.940262

+121 42.003011 28.420259

101 121.

( 1 21).

(Churchill Navigation

Augmented Reality System ( RS) .

,

. (-) (+) -

.

.

, : „ (-)" ,

, .

, ,

, .

Е Г Г Е

30

, -

,

5-6 .

7.1.

2- ,

.

.

( 1) / ,

.

.

- , .

,

.

, ,

( . . .) .

,

, , .

,

, , -

.

, .

,

.

.

, (

),

. ,

Е Г Г Е

31

GPS . ,

.

GPS ( ) „ “ -

, , ,

( 4-7 ).

„ “ / .

: GPS ,

, , , , .

, ,

9 10 ( ),

.

,

, .

.

, ,

: GPS , , , ,

, , , .

„ “

, ( ,

, ).

, .

( 12 + 13 ).

, .

,

.

2000 - ,

.

Е Г Г Е

32

11.

Е Г Г Е

33

7.2.

( 3 ) – 3, . 5 .

.

( - , ,

). ( ,

, ), , " "

, -

.

, .

- : -

, .

.

, ( ),

.

( )

-

.

.

,

,

, .

Е Г Г Е

34

. -

,

.

HD

, .

.

.

,

- .

,

.

,

(

).

,

- .

-

.

(bias)

.

2 4.

, :

", EC PrШУОМt MКrО 2011/16, LШt 2

Small Cetaceans in European Atlantic waters and the North Sea (SCANS I, SACANS

II, SACNS III)

Е Г Г Е

35

Monitoring Winter and Summer Abundance of Cetaceans in the Pelagos Sanctuary

(Northwestern Mediterranean Sea) Through Aerial Surveys

Cetacean aerial survey in the Adriatic sea

Е Г Г Е

36

8.

- ( )

.

DТstКЧМО (TСШЦКs Оt КХ., 2010),

,

( ),

.

(STRINDBERG et al., 2004).

,

-

.

1000 , 6 ( 7,5 ,

10 / ).

12.

Е Г Г Е

37

, ,

, , ,

.

, -

,

6 .

8.

,

km

1 – B 188

2 B - C 240

3 C - D 214

4 D - E 249

5 E - F 120

6 F - G 76

1087

9.

, N ,

A 43.702569 28.577570

B 43.442883 30.876147

C 43.185486 27.936491

D 42.799961 30.505074

E 42.490477 27.502115

F 42.205795 28.901820

G 41.992088 28.034050

6

1087 .

1 31 2 .

Е Г Г Е

38

3 .

.

.

. „ “, . .

.

: (ЩrТЦКrв)

(trКМФОr) , .

. .13.

13. 90° 10°

500 ,

500 .

90° /

10° .

90°

10° .

500 ,

. ,

, .

60o ( . 14).

Е Г Г Е

39

14. 60°

8.1.

.

.

, ,

. ,

,

.

, „ “.

( 1), .

. ,

( ),

.

GPS .

, .

Е Г Г Е

40

GPS ( ) „ “

- , , ,

( 4-7 ).

/ .

: GPS ,

, , , , .

, .

„ “

, ( ,

).

, .

( 12 + 13 ).

.

, .

,

. , (

) /

.

( ).

,

,

.

.

,

( 1),

, .

,

.

- ,

. ,

.

Е Г Г Е

41

,

,

.

,

.

, ,

.

: GPS , , , ,

, , , , , .

.

.

.

.

.

( 1),

,

.

Е Г Г Е

42

8.2.

.

.

,

. , ,

.

. , 3

- , .

, ( . .

), .

, ,

.

- , 20

. .

5

, ,

20 .

. ,

5 .

. DТstКЧМО.

,

. -

.

, - , -

Е Г Г Е

43

,

.

, ,

.

, DТstКЧМО (

),

, .

, :

", EC PrШУОМt MКrО 2011/16, LШt 2

Small Cetaceans in European Atlantic waters and the North Sea (SCANS I, SACANS

II, SACNS III)

Cetacean Offshore Distribution and Abundance in the European Atlantic (CODA)

.

9.

9.1.

:

, , ,

.

,

( , ).

( , ).

, -

.

Е Г Г Е

44

15. : 1, 2, 1 (

); 2, 1, 2 ( )

( . ).

,

. - :

( ), ( ) ( ), (

), ( ), ( ) . .

: ( ); ,

, ( - 1 2, , ), , ( ,

), , ( , ), , , .

, ,

10 11.

Е Г Г Е

45

10.

№

– :

. .N/ . .E

1 - 43.696538000N/28.566280000E

43.696476000N/28.566190000E

2 - 43.660195000N/28.566878000E

43.643763000N/28.572479000E

3 - 43.642146000N/28.573905000E

43.623013000N/28.572433000E

4 - 43.564824000N/28.588056000E

43.582851000N/28.575459000E

5 - 43.564958000N/28.588114000E

43.554242000N/28.601552000E

6 - 42.837461000N/27.882273000E

42.806684000N/27.888797000E

7 - 42.809646000N/27.887455000E

42.944199000N/27.902011000E

8 - 42.873263000N/27.897494000E

42.879924000N/27.899569000E

9 - 42.873263000N/27.897494000E

42.854882000N/27.896668000E

10 - 42.954470000N/27.897800000E

42.933526000N/27.904841000E

11 -

42.962658000N/27.896137000E

42.973474000N/27.894970000E

12 43.023894000N/27.888201000E

43.036664000N/27.888879000E

Е Г Г Е

46

11.

№

– :

. .N/ . .E

1 -

42.709059000 N/27.732108000 E

42.686950000 N/27.713360000 E

2 42.565726000 N/27.640816000 E

42.564633000 N/27.610224000 E

3 42.508854000 N/27.484411000 E

42.493051000 N/27.482497000 E

4 42.382789000N/27.711028000E

42.395514000N/27.705923000E

5 42.414734000 N/27.700325000 E

42.410541000 N/27.703770000 E

6 42.422420000 N/27.694702000 E

42.418789000 N/27.697350000 E

7 42.369652000 N/27.709294000 E

42.354017000 N/27.717928000 E

8 42.270225000 N/27.758184000 E

42.289304000 N/27.757761000 E

9 42.265235000 N/27.755693000 E

42.246360000 N/27.755137000 E

10 42.235307000 N/27.779284000 E

42.226157000 N/27.777855000 E

11 41.983194000 N/28.029703000 E

41.983190000 N/28.030150000 E

12 42.211505000 N/27.805188000 E

42.215094000 N/27.803362000 E

13 42.173743000 N /27.850145000 E

42.174909000 N /27.850202000 E

14 42.127628000 N /27.906546000 E

42.128015000 N /27.908063000 E

15 42.065315000 N /27.973887000E

42.070148000 N/27.968925000 E

16 42.097804000 N/27.944258000 E

42.101474000 N/27.947111000 E

17 42.755120000 N/27.890000000 E

42.748951000 N/27.889657000 E

Е Г Г Е

47

:

12.

( / / )

( : )

/

.

1-

2-

3 – ,

4 – ,

5 –

: / , , .

( : , , . / -

( , , )

( ) .

,

.

:

, , ,

.

Е Г Г Е

48

( )

. .

9.2.

.

.

,

.

2000

, ,

, ,

.

, -

.

5 . 6

.

,

13.

13. ,

43.037306°; 27.887972°

42.706806° ; 27.898944°

42.654528° ; 27.729139°

42.37911° ; 27.72349°

42.06357 ° ; 27.98621°

43.639348° ; 28.577684°

1 , 2

. ,

.

Е Г Г Е

49

5 , 3

1 000 . - ,

, .

.

,

120°

2,5 , 120° - S 120° = 6,54 .

( ).

, –

, .

, ,

. (1 )

, 20 , 10

( 30 . ).

,

,

.

.

, .

, , , , ,

. ,

,

, ,

.

.

Е Г Г Е

50

16.

0

,

(

) - ,

, - 2,5

. ,

,

. , ,

, (

) .

5 .

,

.

, . .

50%. ( 8 -50 )

1 5 (10б50) 5,6° (

110 1 ), 50%

185 ( - ).

40 14.

Е Г Г Е

51

14. С 40 . , , ( )

( )

M ( ) ( ) : 180 – 2500

L (Ц

)

R R1 R2

- +

- +

(m)

2500 616 2500 89 86 9

0

0,92 3,72 0,01 616 2500 - 5236

616 350 2500 86 83 8

9

3,72 6,52 0,92 350 2500 1884 1290

350 244 616 83 81 8

6

6,52 9,32 3,72 244 616 266 733

244 186 350 81 78 8

3

9,32 12,1

2

6,52 186 350 106 511

186 150 244 78 75 8

1

12,12 14,9

2

9,32 150 244 58 390

10 185 185 58 8160

R - .

, . -

,

:

, – ; - ; К1,Л1 - М; С -

; – ; - .

c*c = a*a + b*b - П ;

ъ c = a1+b1;

ъ c = a*sТn( ) = b*sТn( );

ъ ъ С = sqrt(a1 * b1);

a/sТn( ) = b/sТn( ) = c/sТn(C) - ;

ъ ;

ъ С = a*b/c;

Е Г Г Е

52

10 14,5 / 52,2 / .

100 , " "

, 6,9 , , 1/3

, 2,3 , . 84%

( 1/3 )

2,3 . 50%

- 3 .

5 10 .

. " "

- , .

1 ,

" " .

-

( -

).

4 . ,

, .

( ) ,

. , 2500 ,

50% , 2500

4000

.

, ,

- , ,

- . ,

2,5 ,

,

( , .).

-

, –

,

Е Г Г Е

53

, .

. ,

.

. 50%

.

-

,

.

,

, ,

( 2).

10 20 ., ,

.

- ,

- - , .

, , (

), , ,

. .

.

, ,

GPS.

( .2).

:

- , ,

-

-

-

-

-

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