FLIGHT EXAMINER MANUAL Aeroplanes and … EXAMINER MANUAL Aeroplanes and Helicopters Athens, 15 May 2016 Reissue 01, Revision 00 HCAA LICENSING SECTION FLIGHT EXAMINER MANUAL

HellenicCivilAviationAuthority

FLIGHTEXAMINERMANUAL

Aeroplanesand

Helicopters

Athens,15May2016Reissue01,Revision00

HCAALICENSINGSECTION

FLIGHTEXAMINERMANUAL Date:15May2016 Revision:00 Page:2

Copyright©-HCAA2016LicensingSection

INTENTIONALLYLEFTBLANK




ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ∆ΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ

HELLENIC REPUBLIC ΥΠΟΥΡΓΕΙΟ ΥΠΟ∆ΟΜΩΝ, ΜΕΤΑΦΟΡΩΝ ΚΑΙ ∆ΙΚΤΥΩΝ

MINISTRY OF INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND NETWORKS ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΑ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗΣ ΑΕΡΟΠΟΡΙΑΣ

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY ∆ΙΕΥΘΥΝΣΗ ΠΤΗΤΙΚΩΝ ΠΡΟΤΥΠΩΝ

FLIGHT STANDARDS DIVISION ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΤΥΧΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΑΔΕΙΩΝ

LICENSING SECTION

HCAA

FLIGHTEXAMINERMANUAL

Athens,15May2016Reissue01,Revison00








FOREWORD

With the entry into force of the new Regulations, particularly Commission Regulation (EC) 216/2008, (EU) 1178/2011 and (EU) 290/2012, new rules affecting the function of flight examiners were established. As representatives certified or approved by HCAA to act on its behalf, it is essential that all examiners are well aware of the Regulations and particularly familiarise and adapt themselves to the new procedures established by the transition from the JAR to the Commission Regulations, commonly referred to as “EASA regulations”. Therefore, the purpose of this Flight Examiner Manual (FEM) is to provide standardisation directives and guidance in various aspects concerning the conduct of skill tests, proficiency checks and assessments of competence to holders of HCAA issued Part-FCL licenses, providing all HCAA Part-FCL certified examiners a tool to fulfil effectively their function. Published Commission Regulations, Rules or AIC’s, prevail above any directives hereby contained.

HCAAGOVERNOR___________________________________KonstantinosLINTZERAKOSDate








FOREWORD0.1

Controlmatrix Approvedby Signature Date

HCAAGovernor KonstantinosLINTZERAKOS

HCAADeputyGovernor

HCAADirectorGeneral AnastasiosKOKKINOS

DirectorofFlightStandards GeorgiosSOURVANOS

HeadofPersonnelLicensing AikateriniSTATHOPOULOU

Preparedby Signature Date

AuthorHCAAAviationSafetyInspector Capt.AthanasiosLEKKAS

15.05.2016

Theabovesignaturesconfirmtheapprovalofthismanualinitsentirety.ThisdocumentaswellaseachandanyinformationcontainedthereinisthesolepropertyofHCAA.








Table of Contents FOREWORD 5 FOREWORD 0.1 7 Control matrix 7 A. Preface 11 A.1. List of Effective Pages 11 A.2. Revision Certification and Supervision 13 A.3. List of Copy Holders 15 A.4. Record of Revisions 16 A.5. Record of Temporary Revisions 17 A.6. Manual control procedure 18 0 Actual changes compared to the prior version 19 1 Objective 19 2 Scope 19 3 Flight Examiner's Manual 21 Module 1 – General Requirements 27 1 General 27 2 Use of “Dummies” during the Acceptance Test for an Initial Examiners Authorisation 29 3 Examiner Qualifications and Roles 31 4 Certification, Revalidation and Renewal 35 5 Authority to sign documentation after the Skill test/Proficiency check 37 6 Restrictions to the testing of applicants 39 Module 2 – Practical training of Examiners 41 1 General 41 2 Training Content 42 3 Test/Check Standards 44 4 Pre Flight – briefing 46 5 Airmanship 48 6 Assessment System 51 6.1 Factors affecting Evaluation 51 6.2 The components of the Threat and Error Management (TEM) Model 53 6.3 Evaluation Errors 55 6.4 Oral Questions 57 6.5 Definition of strong and weak elements of performance 58 6.6 Conduct of Test/Check 60 6.7 Pass/Fail criteria 62 6.8 Post flight - debrief 68 Module 3 – Test Standards Aeroplane 69 Module 4 – Test Standards Helicopter 73 1 Preparation for Flight 73 2 Conduct of Test/Check 75 Module 5 – Test Tolerances (Aeroplanes and Helicopter) 81 1 Aeroplane 81 2 Helicopter 82 Module 6 – LAPL and Private Pilot License (Aeroplane and Helicopter) – LAPL/PPL (A/H) 83 1 Foreword 83 2 Aeroplane 84 2.1 Check of Theoretical Knowledge 84 2.2 Conduct of Test/Check 85 2.3 Enroute Navigation 87 3 Helicopter 89 Module 7 – Commercial Pilot Licence – CPL (A/H) 91 1 Aeroplane 91 1.1 General 91 1.2 Conduct of Test/Check 92 2 Helicopter 95 Module 8 – Instrument Rating – IR (Aeroplane and Helicopter) 97 1 Aeroplane 97 1.1 General 97 1.2 Conduct of Test/Check 98 2 Helicopter 99 Module 9 – Type and Class Ratings (Aeroplane and Helicopter) 101 1 Aeroplane 101 2 Helicopters 102 Module 10 – Airline Transport Pilot License (Aeroplane) – ATPL (A) and Multi-Crew Pilot License - MPL(A) 107 Module 11 – Assessment of Competence of Instructors (Aeroplane and Helicopter) 109 1 General 109 2 Assessment of competences 111 3 Conduct of the Assessment 113 4 Records 117 5 Annexes, Forms 117 6 Relevant documents 117 7 Glossary/Abbreviations 117








A.PrefaceA.1.ListofEffectivePagesPage Date Rev.No Page Date Rev.No Page Date Rev.No Page1 15.05.2016 00 57 15.05.2016 00 113 15.05.2016 00 2 15.05.2016 00 58 15.05.2016 00 114 15.05.2016 00 3 15.05.2016 00 59 15.05.2016 00 115 15.05.2016 00 4 15.05.2016 00 60 15.05.2016 00 116 15.05.2016 00 5 15.05.2016 00 61 15.05.2016 00 117 15.05.2016 00 6 15.05.2016 00 62 15.05.2016 00 118 15.05.2016 00 7 15.05.2016 00 63 15.05.2016 00 8 15.05.2016 00 64 15.05.2016 00 9 15.05.2016 00 65 15.05.2016 00 10 15.05.2016 00 66 15.05.2016 00 11 15.05.2016 00 67 15.05.2016 00 12 15.05.2016 00 68 15.05.2016 00 13 15.05.2016 00 69 15.05.2016 00 14 15.05.2016 00 70 15.05.2016 00 15 15.05.2016 00 71 15.05.2016 00 16 15.05.2016 00 72 15.05.2016 00 17 15.05.2016 00 73 15.05.2016 00 18 15.05.2016 00 74 15.05.2016 00 19 15.05.2016 00 75 15.05.2016 00 20 15.05.2016 00 76 15.05.2016 00 21 15.05.2016 00 77 15.05.2016 00 22 15.05.2016 00 78 15.05.2016 00 23 15.05.2016 00 79 15.05.2016 00 24 15.05.2016 00 80 15.05.2016 00 25 15.05.2016 00 81 15.05.2016 00 26 15.05.2016 00 82 15.05.2016 00 27 15.05.2016 00 83 15.05.2016 00 28 15.05.2016 00 84 15.05.2016 00 29 15.05.2016 00 85 15.05.2016 00 30 15.05.2016 00 86 15.05.2016 00 31 15.05.2016 00 87 15.05.2016 00 32 15.05.2016 00 88 15.05.2016 00 33 15.05.2016 00 89 15.05.2016 00 34 15.05.2016 00 90 15.05.2016 00 35 15.05.2016 00 91 15.05.2016 00 36 15.05.2016 00 92 15.05.2016 00 37 15.05.2016 00 93 15.05.2016 00 38 15.05.2016 00 94 15.05.2016 00 39 15.05.2016 00 95 15.05.2016 00 40 15.05.2016 00 96 15.05.2016 00 41 15.05.2016 00 97 15.05.2016 00 42 15.05.2016 00 98 15.05.2016 00 43 15.05.2016 00 99 15.05.2016 00 44 15.05.2016 00 100 15.05.2016 00 45 15.05.2016 00 101 15.05.2016 00 46 15.05.2016 00 102 15.05.2016 00 47 15.05.2016 00 103 15.05.2016 00 48 15.05.2016 00 103 15.05.2016 00 49 15.05.2016 00 105 15.05.2016 00 50 15.05.2016 00 106 15.05.2016 00 51 15.05.2016 00 107 15.05.2016 00 52 15.05.2016 00 108 15.05.2016 00 53 15.05.2016 00 109 15.05.2016 00 54 15.05.2016 00 110 15.05.2016 00 55 15.05.2016 00 111 15.05.2016 00 56 15.05.2016 00 112 15.05.2016 00








A.2.RevisionCertificationandSupervisionCOPYNo.______Issuedto:___________________________________________________

RevNo. Rev.Date ReasonforRevision

00 15.05.2016 RE-ISSUE

ThisRevisionNumber-00-ofRE-ISSUE01haspassedtheRevision/AmendmentreviewproceduresdetailedinSection5oftheHCAAAdministrationProceduresManualandisapprovedforinclusioninthismanualasof:Date:____________________________Signature:________________________________________________DirectorFlightStandardsDivisionHellenicCivilAviationAuthority








A.3.ListofCopyHolders

CopyNo. Holders Location01 HCAAGOVERNOR 02 HCAADEPUTYGOVERNOR 03 HCAAAIRTRANSPORTGENERALDIRECTOR 04 HCAAFLIGHTSTANDARDSDIRECTOR(D2) 05 HCAALICENSINGSECTIONHEAD 06 HCAAD2TECHNICALLIBRARY 07 HCAALICENSINGINSPECTORS 08 HCAAAIRWORTHINESSSECTIONHEAD 09 HCAAOPERATIONSSECTIONHEAD 10 11 12




A.4.RecordofRevisionsIssueNo:00Changeduetosuggestedimprovement

InsertedbyRev.No. DateInserted(dd-mm-yyyy)

EffectiveDate(dd-mm-yyyy) Name Signature

00 15.05.2016 15.05.2016 RE-ISSUE00Capt.Athan.Lekkas

01

02

03

04




A.5.RecordofTemporaryRevisionsRe-IssueNo:00

InsertedbyRev.No.

Pages DateInserted(dd-mm-yyyy)

EffectiveDate(dd-mm-yyyy) Name Signature

00 15.05.2016 15.05.2016 RE-ISSUE00Capt.Athan.Lekkas

01

02

03

04




A.6.ManualControlProcedureThemostcurrentversionofthisFlightExaminerManualexistsontheHCAALocalAreaNetwork(LAN)withoutsignatures.Forholdersofprintedversions,assurethatallprintedpagescontainthecurrentrevisionanddateasspecifiedontheListofEffectivePagesontheLAN.ForthegeneralHCAAmanualcontrolproceduresrefertotheHCAAAdministrativeManual.




0ActualchangescomparedtothepriorversionRe-issue

1ObjectiveThisFlightExaminer’sManualhastobetakenasaguidanceandinstructionfortheFlightexaminersintherespectivevalidversion.

2ScopeThisManualisapplicableforallLicensingSectionInspectors,employeesandallexaminers.








ThisManual“FlightExaminer’sManual”ispublishedasanappendixtotheLicensingProceduresManualandinaccordancewithregulation(EU)No1178/2011.ItreplacesthepreviouslypublishedFlightExaminer’sManual(FEM).ThenewrevisionisreferredtoasFEMandadvicesespeciallytothenewLimitationsofAeroplanesandHelicopters.ThisPilotExaminer’sManualiscompiledtoassistandstandardiseFlightExaminers.Informationhereinisderivedfrom:

• COMMISSIONREGULATION(EU)No1178/2011of3November2011layingdowntechnicalrequirementsandadministrativeproceduresrelatedtocivilaviationaircrewpursuanttoRegulation(EC)No216/2008oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilamendedbyCommissionRegulation(EU)No290/2012of30March2012and

• AcceptableMeansofComplianceandGuidanceMaterialtoCommissionRegulation(EU)No1178/2011of3

November2011layingdowntechnicalrequirementsandadministrativeproceduresrelatedtocivilaviationaircrewpursuanttoRegulation(EC)No216/2008oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil.

IntroductionandLimitations

ImportantNotice:EveryExaminerisresponsibletocheckthelatestversionofFEMbeforeconductingcheckflights.Feedbackishighlyappreciatedandcanbesentto:examiners@hcaa.grTheFEMcomprises11modules.TheFEMisintendedtobethemainreferenceManualforthetrainingandsubsequentreferenceofExaminers.PART-FCLreferencesareshowninitalics.ExaminersarenottorelyonthosereferencesunlesstheyarecheckedagainstthemostrecentversionofPART-FCL.EachModulecontainsquickreferencetables.TheseareintendedtoprovidetheExaminerwithapreciseguideoftheessentialrequirementsforeachtest/check.AtthediscretionoftheHCAAthesetablesareextractedintothepresentFlightExaminer’sManual(FEM).

3FlightExaminer’sManual




General:

EveryExaminerwillbeassessedandauthorisedviatheHCAA.Examinersareobligedtobeingeneralfit,firmandfairfortheirdutywhentheyaregoingtocarryoutExaminerprivileges.Theymustalwaysreleasetrueandproperfiledoutformstotheauthority.AgrandpartofAviationSafetyisonlypossibleifwelltrainedandexperiencedExaminersperformskillandproficiencyoversightduringallrequiredflightcheckingduties.ThefollowingtabledescribesthepurposeofeachModule:

Module 1 – General Requirements Guidance material for the HCAA in its management of their flight Examiners Module 2 – Examiner Training A guide to the practical training of Examiners Module 3 – Test Standards Aeroplane Tables give a practical guide to the criteria to be considered by the Examiner when assessing each item of PART-FCL Aeroplane tests and checks Module 4 – Test Standards Helicopter Tables give a practical guide to the criteria to be considered by the Examiner when assessing each item of PART-FCL Helicopter tests and checks Module 5 – Test Tolerances (Aeroplane and Helicopter) One table shows the tolerances applicable to all PART-FCL tests and checks Module 6 – LAPL & PPL Skill Test (Aeroplane and Helicopter) A guide to the structure of the PPL skill test for the training of the FE for the PPL Module 7 – CPL Skill Test (Aeroplane and Helicopter) A guide to the structure of the CPL skill test for the training of the FE for the CPL Module 8 – Instrument Rating - IR (Aeroplane and Helicopter) A guide to the structure of the IR skill test for the IRE and proficiency checks for the IRE and CRE Module 9 – Type and Class Skill Test and Proficiency Checks (Aeroplane and Helicopter) A guide to the structure of the skill test for rating issue and the revalidation proficiency check for the TRE and CRE Module 10 – ATPL Skill Test A guide to the structure of the ATPL skill test Module 11 – Instructor Skill Test and Proficiency Checks (Aeroplane and Helicopter) A guide to the structure of flight instructor initial skill tests and revalidation proficiency checks for the FIE All publications and guidance material released and published by the authority.




LimitationsforCheckFlightsonAeroplanes

Malfunction/EmergencyTraining:

1. Malfunctionandemergencyproceduresmustonlybeperformedifthecorrespondingproceduresarepublishedinthemanufacturer’smanual.

2. Malfunctionandemergencytrainingintheaeroplanehastobeperformedastouchdrillsaccordingtothe

restrictionsoftheAFM/POH.Theexactprocedurehastobebriefedbeforetheflight.Theapplicationpriorityoftheprocedureisasfollows:firstthepublishedmanufacturer’sprocedureandsecondproceduresastrainedbytheATO.

3. Pullingofcircuitbreakersintheaeroplaneduringflightorgroundmaneuversforthesimulationofmalfunctionsandemergenciesisforbidden.

4. Actualengineshutdownontheaeroplaneisonlyallowedtobeperformedifrequiredbytherulesestablishedin

Part-FCLAppendix9.Thefollowinglimitationshavetobeapplied:i. Minimumaltitude4000ftAGL.ii. VMC.iii. Visualcontacttotheground.iv. Inglidingdistancetothefield.v. ATCinformed(ifapplicable).vi. Landinghastobeassured.vii. ProceduresandlimitationsaccordingtoAFM/POHhavetobeapplied.

5. Minimumaltitudeforairwork(steepturns,stallingexercises,etc.)is4000ftaboveGND.Checkforothertraffic,

beforestartingtheexercise.WeatherconditionsmustbeVMCandcontinuousvisualgroundcontact.

PlanningCriteriaforCheckFlights:

1. EverylimitpublishedinAFM/POH/OMstrictlyapplies.Windgustsabovethelimitarenottobeaccepted.2. NoflightbelowMEL/CDL,ifpublished.3. T/ObelowLDGMinimumallowedwhenplannedwithaT/Oalternate.4. LowestlandingweatherMinimumistheapplicableMinimum(OM,AFM,airport,crewqualification,physicaland

mentalconditionofthecrew,whicheverishighest).5. LowestWXMinimumforSEaeroplanesunderIFRenroute-1000ftcloudbase/1,5kmhorizontalvisibility6. Noflightshallstartwithoutrequireddocumentsandassociatedobligationsregardingvalidrulesandregulations.7. Noflightshallstartwithoutvalidcharts,updateddatabaseandflightplanningdocumentationappropriatetothe

flightrules.

DuringExaminationFlights,nofurtherpersonwithoutspecialdutiesshallbecarried.




LimitationsforCheckFlightsonHelicopters

Malfunction/EmergencyTraining:

1. PriorenteringemergencyormalfunctionproceduresappropriatesafetymarginsshouldbecalculatedbytheExaminertoenablecorrectiveactionsiftheybecomenecessaryforthesafetyoftheflight.

2. Malfunctionandemergencyproceduresmustonlybecheckedifthecorrespondingproceduresarepublishedinthe

POH.3. Malfunctionandemergencycheckinginthehelicopterhastobeperformedastouchdrillsonly.Theexact

procedurehastobebriefedbeforetheflight.4. Pullingofcircuitbreakersinthehelicopterduringflightorgroundmaneuversforthesimulationofmalfunctions

andemergenciesisforbidden.5. Whenthetestisconductedonamulti-enginehelicopter,asimulatedenginefailuredrill,includingasingle-engine

approachandlanding,shallbeincludedinthetest.ManeuversandProcedures,whicharemarkedwithMintheappropriatetestorcheckformhavetobedonemandatorily.

OnlyMEH:ActualshutdownofoneengineisonlyallowedtobeperformedifrequiredbytherulesestablishedinPart-FCLAppendix9.Thefollowinglimitationshavetobeapplied:i. Minimumaltitude1000ftAGL.ii. VMC.iii. Visualcontacttotheground.iv. Inglidingdistancetothefield.v. ATCinformed(ifapplicable).vi. Landinghastobeassured.vii. ProceduresandlimitationsaccordingAFM/POHhavetobeapplied.

Note:TheTREshallselectfouritemsfromthefollowing:

1. Enginemalfunctions,includinggovernor/FADECfailure,carburettor/engineicing,oilsystem,asappropriate2. Fuelsystemmalfunction

3. Electricalsystemmalfunction

4. Hydraulicsystemmalfunction,includingapproachandlandingwithouthydraulics,asapplicable

5. Mainrotorand/oranti-torquesystemmalfunction(FFSordiscussiononly)

6. Firedrills,includingsmokecontrolandremoval,asapplicable

7. ProceduresregardingCAT-AcertificationorequivalentforMEHlaiddownintheappropriateflightmanual:

-SimulatedEngineFailurebeforeTODP-SimulatedEngineFailureafterTODP-SimulatedEngineFailurebeforeLDP-SimulatedEngineFailureafterLDP

8. Autorotations(TREtoselecttwoitemsfrom-Basic,range,lowspeed,and360°turnsNofulldownAutorotationsshallbedone,exceptAutorotationsfromHover/GE.

9.Practiceforcedlandingwithpowerrecovery(ifapplicable)

DuringExaminationFlights,nofurtherpersonwithoutspecialdutiesshallbecarried.




PlanningCriteriaforCheckFlights:

1. EverylimitpublishedinAFM/POH/OMstrictlyapplies.Windgustsabovethelimitfromanysidearenottobeaccepted.

2. NoflightbelowMEL,ifpublished.3. LowestlandingweatherMinimumistheapplicableMinimum(OM,AFM,airport,crewqualification,physicaland

mentalconditionofthecrew,whicheverishighest).4. Simulatedinstrumentflyingincludingrecoveryfromunusualattitudesshallbecarriedoutatsafealtitudebutno

lessthan1000ftAGL.5. Noflightshallstartwithoutrequireddocumentsandassociatedobligationsregardingvalidrulesandregulations.6. Noflightshallstartwithoutvalidcharts,updateddatabaseandflightplanningdocumentationappropriatetothe

flightrules.7. Theexaminermustensure,whensimulatingemergencyorabnormalflightsituationsthatsuitablelandingareasare

available,ifrequiredtocarryoutapromptprecautionarylanding.Ifasiteisfoundtobeunacceptableforthepurposeofthetestuponcloserinspection,theexaminermaydecidenottoproceedtoanactuallandingbyrequestingthatthecandidaterecovertoahoverorovershoottoaclimb.Whenalandingisaccomplishedfollowingasimulatedin-flightemergencytoanunknownsurface,thelandingwillbeatthediscretionoftheexaminerandonlyafterassessingthesurfaceconditionfromahover(ifthemalfunctionand/oremergencyprocedurepermits,otherwiselandingstounknownsurfacesshallnotbeperformed).

Pre-flightpreparationrequirestheapplicanttoassesstheweatherconditionsandmakehisdecisionwhethertoproceedwiththeflight.Theapplicantmusttakeintoaccounttherequirementsofallthesectionsofthetestthatheistaking.TheExamineristoassesstheapplicant’sdecision.Adecisiontocontinuewhentheweatherisforecastbelowthelimitsrequiredtocompletetheflight,shallbeconsideredafailitemfortest/check.Thosesections/itemsofthetest,whicharerequiredtobeflownbysolereferencetoinstruments,willbesimulatedbyusingsuitableequipmenttosimulateIMC.Awarenessoficingconditionsmustbedisplayedbyregularlycheckingtheoutsideairtemperatureandcarburettorheatwhereappropriate.Theapplicantshouldbeabletouseanyanti/de-icingequipmentfittedtotheaeroplane/helicopter.Ifactualiceispresentthenecessaryequipmentoractionsmustbeused.Trainingorpreparationmustensureanoperatingprocedureforusingaeroplane/helicoptericingequipmentparticularlywithreferencetopitotheaters,carburettorheat,engine/propellerandairframeanti-icing.Theaeroplane/helicoptermustnotbeflowndeliberatelyintoicingconditionsifthisiscontrarytotheaeroplane/helicopterflightmanual.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphqAtestorcheckflightwillbeconductedinaccordancewiththeAFMand,ifapplicable, theAOM.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphrAtestorcheckflightwillbeconductedwithinthelimitationscontainedintheoperationsmanualofanATO.








FCL.030Practicalskilltest(a) Beforeaskilltestfortheissueofalicense,ratingorcertificateistaken;theapplicantshallhavepassedthe

requiredtheoreticalknowledgeexamination,exceptinthecaseofapplicantsundergoingacourseofintegratedflyingtraining.Inanycase,thetheoreticalknowledgeinstructionshallalwayshavebeencompletedbeforetheskilltestsaretaken.

(b) Exceptfortheissueofanairlinetransportpilotlicense,theapplicantforaskilltestshallberecommendedforthetestbytheorganisation/personresponsibleforthetraining,oncethetrainingiscompleted.Thetrainingrecordsshallbemadeavailabletotheexaminer.

AMC1FCL.050Recordingofflighttime(iv)theholderofanexaminer’scertificatemaylogasPICallflighttimeduringwhichheorsheoccupiesapilot’sseatandactsasanexaminerinanaircraft.

FCL.1000(a)General.Holdersofanexaminercertificateshall:

(1)holdanequivalentlicense,ratingorcertificatetotheonesforwhichtheyareauthorisedtoconductskilltests,proficiencychecksorassessmentsofcompetenceandtheprivilegetoinstructforthem;(2)bequalifiedtoactasPIContheaircraftduringaskilltest,proficiencycheckorassessmentofcompetencewhenconductedontheaircraft.

(c)ExaminationoutsidetheterritoryoftheMemberStates:(1)Notwithstandingparagraph(a),inthecaseofskilltestsandproficiencychecksprovidedinanATOlocatedoutsidetheterritoryoftheMemberStates,thecompetentauthorityoftheMemberStatemayissueanexaminercertificatetoanapplicantholdingapilotlicenseissuedbyathirdcountryinaccordancewithICAOAnnex1,providedthattheapplicant:

(i)holdsatleastanequivalentlicense,rating,orcertificatetotheoneforwhichtheyareauthorisedtoconductskilltests,proficiencychecksorassessmentsofcompetence,andinanycaseatleastaCPL;

(ii)complieswiththerequirementsestablishedinthisSubpartfortheissueoftherelevantexaminercertificate;and

(iii)demonstratestothecompetentauthorityanadequatelevelofknowledgeofEuropeanaviationsafetyrulestobeabletoexerciseexaminerprivilegesinaccordancewiththisPart.

(2)Thecertificatereferredtoinparagraph(1)shallbelimitedtoprovidingskilltestsandproficiencytests/checks:

(i)outsidetheterritoryoftheMemberStates;and(ii)topilotswhohavesufficientknowledgeofthelanguageinwhichthetest/checkisgiven.

FCL.1010PrerequisitesforexaminersApplicantsforanexaminercertificateshalldemonstrate:

(a)relevantknowledge,backgroundandappropriateexperiencerelatedtotheprivilegesofanexaminer;(b)thattheyhavenotbeensubjecttoanysanctions,includingthesuspension,limitationorrevocationofanyoftheirlicenses,ratingsorcertificatesissuedinaccordancewiththisPart,fornon-compliancewiththeBasicRegulationanditsImplementingRulesduringthelast3years.

1General

Module1–GeneralRequirements




FCL.1015Examinerstandardisation(a)ApplicantsforanexaminercertificateshallundertakeastandardisationcourseprovidedbytheHCAA.(b)Thestandardisationcourseshallconsistoftheoreticalandpracticalinstructionandshallinclude,atleast:

(1)theconductof2skilltests,proficiencychecksorassessmentsofcompetencesforthelicenses,ratingsorcertificatesforwhichtheapplicantseekstheprivilegetoconducttestsandchecks;(2)instructionontheapplicablerequirementsinthispartandtheapplicableairoperationsrequirements,theconductofskilltests,proficiencychecksandassessmentsofcompetence,andtheirdocumentationandreporting;(3)abriefingonthenationaladministrativeprocedures,requirementsforprotectionofpersonaldata,liability,accidentinsuranceandfees.

(c)Holdersofanexaminercertificateshallnotconductskilltests,proficiencychecksorassessmentsofcompetenceofanapplicantforwhichtheHCAAisnottheonethatissuedtheexaminer’scertificate,unless:

(1)theyhaveinformedthecompetentauthorityoftheapplicantoftheirintentiontoconducttheskilltest,proficiencycheckorassessmentofcompetenceandofthescopeoftheirprivilegesasexaminers;(2)theyhavereceivedabriefingfromthecompetentauthorityoftheapplicantontheelementsmentionedin(b)(3).

RegisterofExaminersHCAAwillmaintainaregisterofExaminers,containingthefilesofExaminerswhomeettherequirementsfortheapprovalssought.ExaminersassessmentofcompetenceTheassessmentofcompetencefollowstheprovisionslaiddowninFCL.1020.




DefinitionsItisnecessarytoclarifytherolesoftherespectivemembersoftheInitialAcceptanceFlightTestasfollows:Applicant: Pilotrequiringaratingetc.Candidate: PilotrequiringInitialExaminer’sAuthorisationDummy: PilotactingasanApplicant(MustbeanexperiencedExaminer)AcceptanceTest:FlightTestconductedbyanInspectorforanInitialExaminersAuthorisationThepurposeoftheacceptancetestistoprovethatthecandidateforanInitialExaminersAuthorisationisproficientandcapabletoundertakethedutiesofanExaminer.DutiesofCrewDuringAcceptanceTestsItisimportantthatallPre-FlightBriefingsarethoroughandthatallmembersoftheflightareawareoftheirdutiesandresponsibilitiesthroughouttheAcceptanceTest.

“Dummy”Theprimarydutyofa‘Dummy’istoactasanapplicantinallaspectsoftheflightandshouldhaveavailabletherelevantpaperworktoshowtheexaminerwhenrequested.Duringtheflightitisimportantthathemakessomeerrors(whetherbyaccidentorbydesignisnotimportant),sothatthecandidatemustobserve,exercisejudgment,assessandhavesomethingtodebriefon.Theerrorsareimportantsothatthecandidatecanbeseencompletingpaperworkanddetailinganyretestingorretrainingthatmaybeconsiderednecessary.The‘dummy’mustnotmaketheerrorstoosubtleorsetanytrapsforthecandidate;hemusttrytoproduceatypicalflightfromamarginalapplicant.ThepurposeoftheflightistoensurethatthecandidateisawareofhisdutiesasanExaminer.A‘Pass’withnoerrorswouldproveverylittle.Thereforethe‘dummy’needstobeanexperiencedexaminer.Anyotherpilotactingas‘dummy’maybereluctanttomakeerrorsincasetheywouldberecordedagainsthimandhavethepossibilityoflosinghisrating;also,hemaynotbesufficientlyexperiencedtoproduceconvincingerrors.

2Useof“Dummies”duringtheAcceptanceTestforanInitialExaminer’sAuthorisation








PilotinCommandWhenthecandidateisoccupyingapilot’sseat,heistheonlyonewithaclearviewandfullaccesstothecontrols,andoftenismostfamiliarwiththetype,hemustbethePICandthecontroloftheaircraftishisresponsibility.However,theExaminerhasanoverridingresponsibilitynottoendangertheaeroplane,althoughhehasnotfullaccesstocontrols.

Part-FCLSubpartKTherewillbesixrolesofExaminersasapplicableforaeroplane,helicopter,airship,balloonandsailplane:1. FlightExaminer(FE)2. TypeRatingExaminer(TRE)3. ClassRatingExaminer(CRE)4. InstrumentRatingExaminer(IRE)5. SyntheticFlightExaminer(SFE)6. FlightInstructorExaminer(FIE)

Pre-requisitesFCL.1000(a)General.Holdersofanexaminercertificateshall:

(1)holdanequivalentlicense,ratingorcertificatetotheonesforwhichtheyareauthorisedtoconductskilltests,proficiencychecksorassessmentsofcompetenceandtheprivilegetoinstructforthem;(2)bequalifiedtoactasPIContheaircraftduringaskilltest,proficiencycheckorassessmentofcompetencewhenconductedontheaircraft.

(b)Specialconditions:

(1)InthecaseofintroductionofnewaircraftinHellasorinanoperator’sfleet,whencompliancewiththerequirementsinthisSubpartisnotpossible,theHCAAmayissueaspecificcertificategivingprivilegesfortheconductofskilltestsandproficiencychecks.Suchacertificateshallbelimitedtotheskilltestsandproficiencychecksnecessaryfortheintroductionofthenewtypeofaircraftanditsvalidityshallnot,inanycase,exceed1year.(2)Holdersofacertificateissuedinaccordancewith(b)(1)whowishtoapplyforanexaminercertificateshallcomplywiththeprerequisitesandrevalidationrequirementsforthatcategoryofexaminer.

(c)ExaminationoutsidetheterritoryofHellas:(1)Notwithstandingparagraph(a),inthecaseofskilltestsandproficiencychecksprovidedinanATOlocatedoutsidetheterritoryofHellas,theHCAAmayissueanexaminercertificatetoanapplicantholdingapilotlicenseissuedbyathirdcountryinaccordancewithICAOAnnex1,providedthattheapplicant:

(i)holdsatleastanequivalentlicense,rating,orcertificatetotheoneforwhichtheyareauthorisedtoconductskilltests,proficiencychecksorassessmentsofcompetence,andinanycaseatleastaCPL;(ii)complieswiththerequirementsestablishedinthisSubpartfortheissueoftherelevantexaminercertificate;and(iii)demonstratestothecompetentauthorityanadequatelevelofknowledgeofEuropeanaviationsafetyrulestobeabletoexerciseexaminerprivilegesinaccordancewiththisPart.

(2)Thecertificatereferredtoinparagraph(1)shallbelimitedtoprovidingskilltestsandproficiencytests/checks:

(i)outsidetheterritoryofHellas;and(ii)topilotswhohavesufficientknowledgeofthelanguageinwhichthetest/checkisgiven.

3ExaminerQualificationsandRoles




RolesAnexaminerstandardisationhastobeattendedandcompletedsuccessfullyinaccordancewithAMC1FCL.1015Examinerstandardisation.Quickreference:AeroplanesandHelicopter

FEAUTHORISATION(LAPL&PPL)Part-FCLreference

FCL.1005.FE

Whocantest: AnHCAA/D2/BInspectorFormused: NationalFormaccordingtoPart-FCL

Testformat:

1. BasedonthePPLSkilltest:brief,conductandassessaskilltestflownbyanexamineractingastheapplicant.

2. WherethecertificateisrequiredforMultiengineaeroplane/helicopterthetestistobeconductedinthattype/class.

FEAUTHORISATION(CPL)Part-FCLreference

FCL.1005.FE


Testformat:

1. BasedontheCPLskilltest:brief,conductandassessaskilltestflownbyanexamineractingastheapplicant.

2. WhereanauthorisationisrequiredforMultiengineaeroplane/helicopterthetestistobeconductedinthattype/class.

TREAUTHORISATIONPart-FCLreference

FCL.1005.TRE


Testformat:1. BasedontheATPLskilltest:brief,conductandassessaskilltestflownbyanapplicant,oran

examineractingastheapplicant.2. Theauthorisationwillbetypespecific.

CREAUTHORISATION(notapplicabletohelicopter)Part-FCLreference

FCL.1005.CRE


Testformat:

1. Basedonthetestforwhichtheauthorisationissought:brief,conductandassessaskilltestorproficiencycheckprofileforaSPArating,flownbytheexamineractingastheapplicant.

2. WherethecertificateisrequiredforMultiengineaeroplanethetestistobeconductedinthattype/class.

3. Whereinstrumentratingrevalidationprivilegesarerequiredthetestistoincludeallinstrumentratingtest/checkrequirements.




IREAUTHORISATIONPart-FCLreference

FCL.1005.IRE


Testformat:

1. BasedontheInstrumentRatingskilltest:brief,conductandassessaskilltestflownbyanexamineractingastheapplicant.

2. Wherethecertificateisrequiredformulti-engineaeroplane/helicopterthetestistobeconductedinthattype/class.

SFEAUTHORISATIONPart-FCLreference

FCL.1005.SFE


Testformat:1. Basedonthetyperatingskilltest:brief,conductandassessaskilltestflownbyanapplicant,or

anexamineroractingastheapplicant.2. ThecertificatewillbeflightsimulatorandTypeSpecific.

FIEAUTHORISATIONPart-FCLreference

FCL.1005.FIE


Testformat:

1. BasedontheFlightInstructorskilltest:brief,conductandassessaninstructorskilltestflownbytheexamineractingastheapplicant.

2. Whereanauthorisationisrequiredforbothsingleandmultiengineaeroplanetherequiredmultiengineelementsofthetestaretobeconductedinthattype/classasasecondflight.








TheHCAAwillmaintainalistofallexaminersithascertified,statingtherolesforwhichtheyhavebeencertified.ThelistwillbemadeavailabletoATOsandAOCholders.TheHCAAwilldeterminebywhichmeanstheexaminerswillbeallocatedtotheskilltest.

ValidityFCL.1025(a)Validity:Anexaminercertificateshallbevalidfor3years.

ExaminerrevalidationandrenewalofExaminerCertificateFCL.1025(b)Revalidation:AnExaminercertificateshallberevalidatedwhentheholderhas,duringthevalidityperiodofthecertificate:

(1)conductedatleast2skilltests,proficiencychecksorassessmentsofcompetenceeveryyear;(2)attendedanExaminerrefresherseminarprovidedbytheHCAA,duringthelastyearofthevalidityperiod.(3)Oneoftheskilltestsorproficiencycheckscompletedduringthelastyearofthevalidityperiodinaccordancewith(1)shallhavebeenassessedbyanHCAA/D2/BinspectorasresponsibleAuthorityfortheExaminer’scertificate.(4)WhentheapplicantfortherevalidationholdsprivilegesformorethanonecategoryofExaminer,combinedrevalidationofallExaminerprivilegesmaybeachievedwhentheapplicantcomplieswiththerequirementsin(b)(1)and(2)andFCL.1020foroneofthecategoriesofExaminercertificateheld,inagreementwiththeHCAA.

(c)Renewal:Ifthecertificatehasexpired,applicantsshallcomplywiththerequirementsof(b)(2)andFCL.1020beforetheycanresumetheexerciseoftheprivileges.

(d)AnExaminercertificateshallonlyberevalidatedorrenewediftheapplicantdemonstratescontinuedcompliancewiththerequirementsinFCL.1010andFCL.1030.

4Certification,RevalidationandRenewal

FCL.1020ExaminersassessmentofcompetenceApplicantsforanexaminercertificateshalldemonstratetheircompetencetoaninspectorfromthecompetentauthorityoraseniorexaminerspecificallyauthorisedtodosobythecompetentauthorityresponsiblefortheexaminer’scertificatethroughtheconductofaskilltest,proficiencycheckorassessmentofcompetenceintheexaminerroleforwhichprivilegesaresought,includingbriefing,conductoftheskilltest,proficiencycheckorassessmentofcompetence,andassessmentofthepersontowhomthetest,checkorassessmentisgiven,debriefingandrecordingdocumentation.

FCL.1010PrerequisitesforexaminersApplicantsforanexaminercertificateshalldemonstrate:(a)relevantknowledge,backgroundandappropriateexperiencerelatedtotheprivilegesofanexaminer;(b)thattheyhavenotbeensubjecttoanysanctions,includingthesuspension,limitationorrevocationofanyoftheirlicenses,ratingsorcertificatesissuedinaccordancewiththisPart,fornon-compliancewiththeBasicRegulationanditsImplementingRulesduringthelast3years.




FCL.1030Conductofskilltests,proficiencychecksandassessmentofcompetence(a)Whenconductingskilltests,proficiencychecksandassessmentsofcompetence,examinersshall:

(1)ensurethatcommunicationwiththeapplicantcanbeestablishedwithoutlanguagebarriers;(2)verifythattheapplicantcomplieswithallthequalification,trainingandexperiencerequirementsinthisPartfortheissue,revalidationorrenewalofthelicense,ratingorcertificateforwhichtheskilltest,proficiencycheckorassessmentofcompetenceistaken;(3)maketheapplicantawareoftheconsequencesofprovidingincomplete,inaccurateorfalseinformationrelatedtotheirtrainingandflightexperience.

(b)Aftercompletionoftheskilltestorproficiencycheck,theexaminershall:

(1)informtheapplicantoftheresultofthetest.Intheeventofapartialpassorfail,theexaminershallinformtheapplicantthathe/shemaynotexercisetheprivilegesoftheratinguntilafullpasshasbeenobtained.Theexaminershalldetailanyfurthertrainingrequirementandexplaintheapplicant’srightofappeal;(2)intheeventofapassinaproficiencycheckorassessmentofcompetenceforrevalidationorrenewal,endorsetheapplicant’slicenseorcertificatewiththenewexpirydateoftheratingorcertificate,ifspecificallyauthorisedforthatpurposebythecompetentauthorityresponsiblefortheapplicant’slicense;(3)providetheapplicantwithasignedreportoftheskilltestorproficiencycheckandsubmitwithoutdelaycopiesofthereporttothecompetentauthorityresponsiblefortheapplicant’slicense,andtothecompetentauthoritythatissuedtheexaminercertificate.Thereportshallinclude:

(i)adeclarationthattheexaminerhasreceivedinformationfromtheapplicantregardinghis/herexperienceandinstruction,andfoundthatexperienceandinstructioncomplyingwiththeapplicablerequirementsinthisPart;(ii)confirmationthatalltherequiredmanoeuvresandexerciseshavebeencompleted,aswellasinformationontheverbaltheoreticalknowledgeexamination,whenapplicable.Ifanitemhasbeenfailed,theexaminershallrecordthereasonsforthisassessment;(iii)theresultofthetest,checkorassessmentofcompetence.

(c)Examinersshallmaintainrecordsfor5yearswithdetailsofallskilltests,proficiencychecksandassessmentsofcompetenceperformedandtheirresults.(d)Uponrequestbythecompetentauthorityresponsiblefortheexaminercertificate,orthecompetentauthorityresponsiblefortheapplicant’slicense,examinersshallsubmitallrecordsandreports,andanyotherinformation,asrequiredforoversightactivities.




TheHCAAmaygrantExaminersauthorisationtosignlicensepagesfortherevalidationofitemssuccessfullypassedbyProficiencyCheckinaccordancewithFCL.1030.

5AuthoritytosighdocumentationaftertheSkilltest/Proficiencycheck








NotificationofExaminersFCL.1005Examinersshallnotconduct:

(a)skilltestsorassessmentsofcompetenceofapplicantsfortheissueofalicense,ratingorcertificate:(1)towhomtheyhaveprovidedflightinstructionforthelicense,ratingorcertificateforwhichtheskilltestorassessmentofcompetenceisbeingtaken;or(2)whentheyhavebeenresponsiblefortherecommendationfortheskilltest,inaccordancewithFCL.030(b);

(b)skilltests,proficiencychecksorassessmentsofcompetencewhenevertheyfeelthattheirobjectivitymaybeaffected.

GM1FCL.1005(b)LimitationofprivilegesincaseofvestedinterestsExamplesofasituationwheretheExaminershouldconsiderifhis/herobjectivityisaffectedarewhentheapplicantisarelativeorafriendoftheExaminer,orwhentheyarelinkedbyeconomicalinterestsorpoliticalaffiliations,etc.

6Restrictionstothetestingofapplicants

FCL.030paragraphb(b)Exceptfortheissueofanairlinetransportpilotlicense,theapplicantforaskilltestshallberecommendedforthetestbytheorganisation/personresponsibleforthetraining,oncethetrainingiscompleted.Thetrainingrecordsshallbemadeavailabletotheexaminer.








ItisintendedthatallapplicantsforauthorisationmusthavereceivedanauthorityapprovedinitialtrainingforthispurposebeforeundertakinganacceptanceflightwithanHCAA/D2/BInspector.ThestandardsofcompetenceofpilotsdependtoagreatextentonthecompetenceofExaminers.ExaminerswillbebriefedbytheHCAAontheaircrewregulationrequirements,theconductofskilltestsandproficiencychecks,andtheirdocumentationandreporting.Examinersshouldalsobebriefedontheprotectionrequirementsforpersonaldata,liability,accidentinsuranceandfees,asapplicableinHellas.ApplicantsforanExaminercertificateshalldemonstratetheircompetencetoanHCAA/D2/BInspectorwhoholdsanequivalentlicense,ratingorcertificatetotheonesforwhichtheyareresponsiblefortheExaminer’scertificateintheroleforwhichprivilegesaresought,includingbriefing,conductoftheskilltest,proficiencycheckorassessmentofcompetence,andassessmentofthepersontowhomthetest,checkorassessmentisgiven,debriefingandrecordingdocumentation.

1General

Module2–PracticaltrainingofExaminers




RoleandDutiesoftheExaminerAMC1FCL.1020ExaminersassessmentofcompetenceBRIEFINGTHE‘CANDIDATE’(d) The‘candidate’shouldbegiventimeandfacilitiestoprepareforthetestflight.

Thebriefingshouldcoverthefollowing:(1)theobjectiveoftheflight;(2)licensingchecks,asnecessary;(3)freedomforthe‘candidate’toaskquestions;(4)operatingprocedurestobefollowed(forexampleoperatorsmanual);(5)weatherassessment;(6)operatingcapacityof‘candidate’andExaminer;(7)aimstobeidentifiedby‘candidate’;(8)simulatedweatherassumptions(forexampleicingandcloudbase);(9)useofscreens(ifapplicable);(10)contentsofexercisetobeperformed;(11)agreedspeedandhandlingparameters(forexampleV-speeds,bankangle,approachminima);AllitemsabovearecoreknowledgerequirementsforanExaminerandarerecommendedascorecoursematerial.ThiscorecoursemaybestudiedbeforerecommendedExaminertrainingiscommenced.ThecorecoursemayutiliseanytrainingformatandwouldbepreparedbytheAuthority.(12)useofR/T;(13)respectiverolesof‘candidate’andExaminer(forexampleduringemergency);(14)administrativeprocedures(forexamplesubmissionofflightplan).

(e)TheExaminerapplicantshouldmaintainthenecessarylevelofcommunicationwiththe‘candidate’.ThefollowingcheckdetailsshouldbefollowedbytheExaminerapplicant:

(1)involvementofExaminerinaMPoperatingenvironment;(2)theneedtogivethe‘candidate’preciseinstructions;(3)responsibilityforsafeconductoftheflight;(4)interventionbyExaminer,whennecessary;(5)useofscreens;(6)liaisonwithATCandtheneedforconcise,easilyunderstoodintentions;(7)promptingthe‘candidate’aboutrequiredsequenceofevents(forexamplefollowingExaminerapplicantshouldmaintainthenecessarylevelofcommunicationwiththe“ago-around”);(8)keepingbrief,factualandunobtrusivenotes.

2TrainingContent




SpecificFlightTestandCheckTrainingDetailedknowledgeofthetestsandchecksforwhichtheauthorisationissoughtisrequired.Trainingistocover:

1. Knowledgeandmanagementofthetestforwhichtheauthorisationistobesought.ThesearedescribedintherelevantModulesinthisFEM.

2. Knowledgeoftheadministrativeprocedurespertainingtothattest/check3. ForaninitialExaminerauthorization,practicaltrainingintheexaminationofthetestprofilesoughtisrequired.4. AnExaminerCertificationAcceptanceTestflightwithanHCAA/D2/BInspector,e.g.forFE(PPL),thisistobe

thePPLskilltest.ExamplesofacceptablemeansofcomplianceforInitialExaminertraining

Categories CRE TRE FE(PPL) FE(CPL) FIE IRE

Corecourse

1. FEMwherethisisusednationally2. TrainingcourseonPART-FCLrequirementsandprocedures3. Test

AMC1FCL.1015item(b)ExaminerstandardisationThecourseshouldlast:

(1)fortheFEandFIE,atleast1day,dividedintotheoreticalandpracticaltraining;(2)forotherExaminers,atleast3days,dividedintotheoreticaltraining(1day)andpracticaltraininginanFFSconductingroleplayedproficiencychecksandskilltests(atleast2days).

Groundtraining

AMC1FCL.1015item(d)(1)ExaminerstandardisationTheoreticaltrainingcoveringatleast:

(i)thecontentsofAMC2FCL.1015andtheFEM;(ii)Part-FCLandrelatedAMCsandGMrelevanttotheirduties;(iii)operationalrequirementsandrelatedAMCsandGMrelevanttotheirduties;(iv)nationalrequirementsrelevanttotheirexaminationduties;(v)fundamentalsofhumanperformanceandlimitationsrelevanttoflightexamination;(vi)fundamentalsofevaluationrelevanttoapplicant’sperformance;(vii)managementsystemofATOs;(viii)MCC,humanperformanceandlimitations,ifapplicable.

Flighttesttraininggeneral

Knowledgeandmanagementofthetestforwhichthecertificateistobesought.Thesearedescribedintherelevantmodulesinthismanual

Flighttestandchecktraining(flight)

ForaninitialExaminercertificate,practicaltrainingshouldincludetheexaminationofthetestprofilesought,consistingoftheconductofatleasttwotestorcheckprofilesintheroleofExaminer(thesetwotestsorchecksprofilescanbeperformedinthesamesimulatorsession),includingbriefing,conductoftheskilltestandproficiencycheck,assessmentoftheapplicanttowhomthetestorcheckisgiven,debriefingandrecordingordocumentationunderthesupervisionofanExamineroftheappropriatecategoryontheapplicabletype.Thistrainingisconductedintheaircraftifapprovalfortestingorcheckingintheaircraftisrequired.IfExaminerprivilegesinFSTD’sarerequired,practicalinstructionintheuseofFSTD(s)fortestingorcheckingshouldalsobecompleted.

Flighttest(additionaltocourse)

ExaminerCertificationAcceptanceTestwithanHCAA/D2/Binspector.




StandardsofperformancearecentraltoaconsistentconductoftestsandchecksbyExaminersthroughoutEUmemberstates:

1. ExaminersshallconsistentlyapplyPART-FCLstandardsduringatest/check.However,asthecircumstancesofeachtest/checkconductedbyanExaminermayvary,itisalsoimportantthatanExaminer’stest/checkassessmenttakesintoaccountanyadversecondition(s)encounteredduringthetest/check.

2. Itisemphasisedthattest/checkapplicantsshouldconcernthemselvesonlywithflyingandoperatingtheaeroplane/helicoptertothebestoftheirability.Definitionof,andcompliancewith,theTestStandardsistheresponsibilityoftheExaminer,howevertheseareshowninModules3and4intheinterestofopennessandasareferencefortheExaminerandapplicant

3. TheExaminerisexpectedtodisplaysoundjudgmentparticularlywhenestablishinganyabnormalorsimulated

emergencyexercisesothatthesafetyoftheflightisneverplacedatrisk.4. Throughouttheflightcompliancewithbriefing/checklists,procedures,anti-icingandde-icingprecautions,

airmanship,ATCliaisonandcompliance,RTprocedures,flightmanagementandMCC(whereapplicable)willbeassessed.

5. Examinersareremindedthatapplicantsmayappealagainsttheconductofanytest/checkinaccordancewith

regulations.

Purposeofatest/check

AMC2FCL.1015paragraph(c)Determinethroughpracticaldemonstrationduringatestorcheckthatanapplicanthasacquiredormaintainedtherequiredlevelofknowledgeandskillorproficiency.(d)ImprovetrainingandflightinstructioninATOsbyfeedbackofinformationfromExaminersaboutitemsorsectionsoftestsorchecksthataremostfrequentlyfailed.(e)Assistinmaintainingand,wherepossible,improvingairsafetystandardsbyhavingExaminersdisplaygoodairmanshipandflightdisciplineduringtestsorchecks.(m)AnExaminerwillplanatest/checkinaccordancewithPART-FCLrequirements.Onlythemanoeuvresandproceduressetoutintheappropriatetest/checkformwillbeundertaken.ThesameExaminershouldnotre-examineafailedapplicantwithouttheagreementoftheapplicant.

Examinerpreparationfortest/check

AMC2FCL.1015paragraph(l)AnExaminershouldsuperviseallaspectsofthetestorcheckflightpreparation,including,wherenecessary,obtainingorassuringanATC‘slot’time.TheExaminershallbethepilot-in-command,exceptincircumstancesagreedbytheExaminer.

ExaminerApproach

AMC2FCL.1015paragraph(n)AnExaminershouldencourageafriendlyandrelaxedatmospheretodevelopbothbeforeandduringatestorcheckflight.Anegativeorhostileapproachshouldnotbeused.Duringthetestorcheckflight,theExaminershouldavoidnegativecommentsorcriticismsandallassessmentsshouldbereservedforthedebriefing.

3Test/CheckStandards




Test/Checkscheduling

GM1FCL.1015paragraph(a)AnExaminershouldplanperdaynotmorethan:(1)threetestsorchecksrelatingtoPPL,CPL,IRorclassratings;(2)fourtestsorchecksrelatingtoLAPL,(3)twotestsorchecksrelatedtoCPL,IRorATPL;(4)twoassessmentsofcompetencerelatedtoinstructorcertificates;(5)fourtestsorchecksrelatingtoSPtyperatings.

(b)AnExaminershouldplanatleast(...)3hoursforaPPL,CPL,IRorclassratingtestorchecks,andatleast4hoursforFI,CPL,IR,MPL,ATPLorMPtyperatingtestsorchecks,includingpre-flightbriefingandpreparation,conductofthetest,checkorassessmentofcompetence,de-briefing,evaluationoftheapplicantanddocumentation.(c)Whenplanningthedurationofatest,checkorassessmentofcompetence,thefollowingvaluesmaybeusedasguidance:(1)45minutesforSPclassratingsVFRonly;(2)90minutesforLAPL(A)or(H),PPLandCPL,includingnavigationsection;(3)60minutesforIR,FIandSPtypeorclassratings;(4)120minutesforCPL,MPL,ATPLandMPtyperatings.

Preparingfortheapplicant

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphmAnExaminerwillplanatestorcheckinaccordancewithPart-FCLrequirements.Onlythemaneuversandproceduressetoutintheappropriatetestorcheckformwillbeundertaken.ThesameExaminershouldnotre-examineafailedapplicantwithouttheagreementoftheapplicant.

1. Adequateandappropriatebriefing/debriefingfacilitiesshouldbeusedforalltests.2. Instructionfortheassociatedtheoreticalknowledgeexaminationsshouldalwayshavebeen

completedbeforeeachskilltestistaken.3. Knowledgeelementsnotevidentinthedemonstratedskillsmaybetestedbyquestioning,at

anytime,duringtheflightevent.Questioninginflightshouldbeusedjudiciouslysothatsafetyisnotjeopardised.Questionsmaybedeferreduntilaftertheflightportionofthetestiscompleted.

4. Foraeroplane/helicopterrequiringonlyonepilot,theExaminermaynotassisttheapplicantinthemanagementoftheaeroplane/helicopter,radiocommunications,tuningandidentifyingnavigationalequipment,andusingnavigationcharts.

5. IfoccupyingapilotseattheExaminershouldnottakepartintheoperationoftheaeroplane/helicopterotherthanforsafety.

6. FlightSafetyshouldbetheprimeconsiderationatalltimes.TheExaminer,applicantandanyothercrewshouldbealertforothertraffic.

Expansionofthedetailsoftheitems1.to6.aboveiscoveredundertherelevantparagraphheadingsbelow.AMC2FCL.1015paragraphtAtestorcheckisintendedtosimulateapracticalflight.Thus,anExaminermaysetpracticalscenariosforanapplicantwhileensuringthattheapplicantisnotconfusedandairsafetyisnotcompromised.




ExaminerApproachTheperformanceofanapplicantundertestconditionswilloftenbeadverselyaffectedbysomedegreeofnervoustension,buttheExaminercandomuchtoredressthebalanceinhisfavourbytheadoptionofafriendlyandsympatheticattitude.Anysuggestionofhasteduringbriefingshouldbeavoidedandtheapplicantshouldbeencouragedtoaskasmanyquestionsashewishesattheconclusionofeachsection.Clearandunhurriedinstructionsatthisstagewillnotonlyservetoputtheapplicantathisease,butwillensurewhenairbornethattheflightproceedssmoothlyandwithoutunnecessarydelay.

ConstructionoftheBriefingThepre-flightbriefingmaybegivenasoneormoreseparateelements,asrequired,togivetheapplicantthemaximumopportunitytounderstandandpreparewhatisrequiredofhim.

BriefingcontentTheapplicantshouldbegiventimeandfacilitiestoprepareforthetestflight.Thebriefingshouldcoverthefollowing:

1. theobjectiveoftheflight2. licensingchecks,asnecessary3. freedomfortheapplicanttoaskquestions4. operatingprocedurestobefollowed(e.g.operatorsmanual)5. weatherassessment6. operatingcapacityofapplicantandExaminer7. aimstobeidentifiedbyapplicant8. simulatedweatherassumptions(e.g.icing,cloudbase)9. contentsofexercisetobeperformed10. agreedspeedandhandlingparameters(e.g.V-speeds,bankangle)useofR/T11. respectiverolesofapplicantandExaminer(e.g.duringemergency)12. administrativeprocedures(e.g.submissionofflightplan)inflight

Examinertrainingmustfocusontherequirementstomaintainthenecessarylevelofcommunicationwiththeapplicant.ThefollowingcheckdetailsshouldbefollowedbytheExaminerapplicant:

1. involvementofExaminerinamulti-pilotoperatingenvironment2. theneedtogivethe‘applicant’preciseinstructions3. responsibilityforsafeconductoftheflight4. interventionbyExaminer,whennecessary5. useofscreens6. liaisonwithATCandtheneedforconcise,easilyunderstoodintentions7. promptingthe‘applicant’regardingrequiredsequenceofevents(e.g.followingago-around)8. keepingbrief,factualandunobtrusivenotes

Applicant’sPlanningandfacilitiesTheExaminershallconducteachtest/checkinsuchamannerastoconformtotheguidancegivenbytheHCAAsuchthateachapplicantisallowedadequatetimeforthetest,normallynotmorethanonehour.AdequatePlanningfacilitiesmustbeavailabletotheapplicant.TheExaminerwillcheckthattheapplicantisawareofwhereresourcesare.Aquietbriefingroomshouldbeusedsothattheplanningcanbecompletedwithoutinterruptionordistraction.Planningshallbecompletedwithoutassistancefromotherstudentsorinstructors.CurrentATCandMetinformationmustbeobtained.Anybookingrequirementsshouldbemade,bytheapplicant,inadequatetimefortheflight.

4PreFlight-Briefing




AflightlogshouldbepreparedandtheExaminermayrequestacopy.Thelogmayincludesuchitemsas:1. Route(includingflighttotheplannedalternateaerodrome)2. Communicationandnavaidfrequencies(notethatwherethisinformationisclearlydisplayedon

planningdocuments,suchasthechartstobeused,itisnotnecessarytocopythatinformationtothelog)3. Plannedlevelsandaltitudes4. Timings,ETAs5. MSA,safetyheightorminimumlevels/altitudes6. Fuel(showingcontingencyfuelandspacetoplotfuelremainingatwaypoints)7. SpaceforloggingATISandclearancesinachronologicalorder.

TheroutemayrequireflightthroughairspaceotherthanClassGairspaceandconsiderationshouldbegiventoanyspecialprecautionsduringplanning.

PlanningandpreparationmustbecompletedbythecrewusingmaterialacceptabletotheHCAA.Computerisedflight/navigationplansoraeroplane/helicoptermassandbalancecalculationsmaybeusedduringtheallowedplanningperiod.Theapplicantremainssolelyresponsibleforallplanningcalculations.Applicantswillberequiredtocalculatetake-offandlandingperformancefortheconditionsprevailing,usuallyforthemostlimitingrunwayexpectedontheflight.




DefinitionAirmanshipcoversabroadrangeofdesirablebehaviorsandabilitiesinanaviator.Itisnotsimplyameasureofskillortechnique,butalsoameasureofapilot’sawarenessoftheaircraft,theenvironmentinwhichitoperates,andofhisowncapabilities.Airmanshipcanbedefinedas:

1. Asoundacquaintancewiththeprinciplesofflight,2. Theabilitytooperateanairplanewithcompetenceandprecisionbothonthegroundandintheair,and3. Theexerciseofsoundjudgmentthatresultsinoptimaloperationalsafetyandefficiency.

Thethreefundamentalprinciplesofexpertairmanshipare:skill,proficiency,andthedisciplinetoapplytheminasafeandefficientmanner.Specialairmanshiptopicstocover:

1. Knowyourself2. Knowyouraircraft3. Knowyourenvironment4. Knowyourrisk

AirmanshipcompetenciesAirmanshipcompetenciesmaybegroupedintothreeclustersofobservablebehaviour:

1)COMMUNICATIONSPROCESSESANDDECISIONS

a)Briefingb)Inquiry/Advocacy/Assertivenessc)Self-Criticismd)Communicationwithavailablepersonnelresourcese)Useofchecklistsf)Decisionmaking

2)BUILDINGANDMAINTENANCEOFFLIGHTCOOPERATION

a)Leadership/Teamskillsb)InterpersonalRelationships

3)WORKLOADMANAGEMENTANDSITUATIONALAWARENESS

a)Preparation/Planningb)Vigilancec)WorkloadDistributiond)DistractionAvoidancee)Avoidanceofundesirablesituations(e.g.,waketurbulence,inadequateaeroplane/helicopterspacing)

5Airmanship




HowtheExaminerAssessesAirmanshipThemajorityofaviationaccidentsandincidentsareduetopoorresourcemanagementfailuresbythepilot.Fewerareduetotechnicalfailures.Pass/FailjudgmentsbasedsolelyonAirmanshipissuesmustbecarefullychosensincetheymaybeentirelysubjective.ItisnotpracticaltogiveacomprehensivelistofAirmanshipconsiderations,however,the3‘clusterareas’describedaboveincludeitemswhichtheapplicantmayforgettocomplete(e.g.correctradiocalls)whileothersareanindicationofhiscapacitytodealwithpresentorevolvingflightconditions(e.g.poorspacingfromotheraeroplane/helicopterorairspaceawareness).Itis,therefore,theExaminer’sroletoobservehowtheapplicantmanagestheresourcesavailabletohimtoachieveasafeanduneventfulflight.TheExaminermustbesatisfiedthatthesuccessoftheflightwasaresultofgoodairmanshipandnotgoodluck.Iftheapplicantshowsearlyandconsistentawarenessofairmanshipconsiderations(e.g.repetitivecheckingoficingconditionsinalevelcruiseclearoficingconditions)theExaminermayallowtheapplicanttobriefonlychangesduringtheremainderoftheflight.ExaminersthemselvesarerequiredtoexerciseproperAirmanshipcompetenciesinconductingtests/checksaswellasexpectingthesamefromapplicants.

5.








6.1FactorsaffectingEvaluation

ComparingCandidateswitheachother

Whenworkingwithagroupofcandidates,theremaybeatendencytocompareonecandidatetotheother.It’sanaturalthingtodo.Whenconductingaflighttesthowever,comparethecandidate’sperformancetothestandardexpressedinthePerformanceCriterianottoapersonwhoismoreorlessskilled.Thereasonforthisis,ofcourse,togivethecandidateafairandvalidflighttest.

CharacteristicsofEvaluationAnevaluationmaybecomeuselessifcertainprinciplesarenotrespected.Thefollowingfourcharacteristics,whenusedcarefullyintheconductofaflighttest,willresultinanaccurateandeffectiveevaluation.

1ReliabilityReliabilityensuresconsistentresults.Asappliedtotheflighttest,thiswouldmeanthattwoidenticalperformancesshouldresultinthesameflighttestscore.Humanfactorscanhaveasignificanteffectonflighttestreliability.Someofthesefactorsare:

a)fatigue-insufficientsleeporrestpriortothetestb)emotions-workorhomepersonalproblemsc)health-cold,flu,etcd)timeofday-veryearlyinthemorning,orlasttripofthedaye)distractions-noise,interruptions,etc.

Examinersshouldbeconsciousofthesefactorsandattempttolimittheireffectsasmuchaspossiblefortheymayresultinalackofsmoothnessoraccuracyinthecandidate’sperformance.Examinersshouldalsobeawarethattheirabilitytoaccuratelyassessthecandidate’sperformancecouldbeadverselyaffectedbythesesamefactors.Testingforthepurposeoflicensingmustremainclearlyremovedfromtraininginordertomaintainthereliabilityofanevaluation.Forexample,asecondorthirdattempt,inairflighttestitems,maygivethecandidatetheimmediatepracticeneededtodemonstrateamaneuveradequately.Forthisreason,anitemwillnotberepeatedunlessoneofthefollowingconditionsapplies:

a)Discontinuance.Discontinuanceofamaneuverforvalidsafetyreasons;i.e.,ago-aroundorotherprocedurenecessarytomodifytheoriginallyplannedmaneuver.b)CollisionAvoidance.Examinerinterventionontheflightcontrolstoavoidanotheraircraftthatthecandidatecouldnothaveseenduetopositionorotherfactors.c)MisunderstoodRequest.AlegitimateinstancewhenacandidatedoesnotunderstandanExaminer’srequesttoperformaspecificmaneuver.Acandidate’sfailuretoknowtherequirementsofaspecifiedmaneuverisnotgroundsforrepeatingataskormaneuver.d)OtherFactors.AnyconditionwheretheExaminerwasdistractedtothepointthatthecandidate’sperformanceofthemaneuver(radiocalls,traffic,etc.)couldnotadequatelybeobserved.

2Validity

Testsarevalidiftheymeasurewhattheyaresupposedtomeasureandnothingelse.Assessmentofgroundandairitemsmustremainwithintheboundsoftheappropriateflightteststandards.Thescopeofthetestmustbesuchthatwhencandidatespass,theyhavemettheskillrequirementsfortheissuanceofthecertificate,licenseorratingsought.

6AssessmentSystem




3Comprehensive

Atestiscomprehensiveifitcontainsasampleofallcoursematerialandmeasureseachareaofskillandknowledgerequiredtoensurethestandardismet.FlighttestswillbecomprehensiveiftheExaminerconformstotheitemslistedintheapplicablemoduleswithnoadditionsordeletions.

4ObjectivityObjectivityensurestheExaminer’spersonalopinionswillnotaffecttheoutcomeorassessmentofthetest.Marksawardedmustbemadeinaccordancewiththeapplicableperformancecriteria.Flighttestmarksareinfluencedtosomedegreebysubjectiveopinions.Assessmentswillbemorevalid,lesssubjective,iftheExaminerisanexperiencedpilot,hassoundandadequatebackgroundknowledgeoftheevaluationprocessandtheexpertisetoaccuratelyassessflighttestapplicantswithoutprejudice.




6.2ThecomponentsoftheTreatandErrorManagement(TEM)Model

ThreatsThreatsaredefinedaseventsorerrorsthatoccurbeyondtheinfluenceoftheflightcrew,increaseoperationalcomplexity,andwhichmustbemanagedtomaintainthemarginsofsafety.Duringtypicalflightoperations,flightcrewshavetomanagevariouscontextualcomplexities.Suchcomplexitieswouldinclude,forexample,dealingwithadversemeteorologicalconditions,airportssurroundedbyhighmountains,congestedairspace,aircraftmalfunctions,errorscommittedbyotherpeopleoutsideofthecockpit,suchasairtrafficcontrollers,flightattendantsormaintenanceworkers,andsoforth.TheTEMModelconsidersthesecomplexitiesasthreatsbecausetheyallhavethepotentialtonegativelyaffectflightoperationsbyreducingmarginsofsafety.Somethreatscanbeanticipated,sincetheyareexpectedorknown.Forexample,flightcrewcananticipatetheconsequencesofadverseweatherorprepareforacongestedairportbymakingsuretheykeepawatchfuleyeforotheraircraftastheyexecutetheapproach.Somethreatscanoccurunexpectedly,suchasanin-flightaircraftmalfunctionthathappenssuddenlyandwithoutwarning.Inthiscaseflightcrewappliesskillsandknowledgeacquiredthroughtrainingandexperience.Lastly,somethreatsmaynotbedirectlyobvioustoflightcrewimmersedintheoperationalcontext,andmayneedtobeuncoveredbysafetyanalysis.Theseareconsideredlatentthreats.

Examplesoflatentthreatsincludeequipmentdesignissues,opticalillusionsortimepressures.Regardlessofwhetherthreatsareexpected,unexpected,orlatent;onemeasureoftheeffectivenessofaflightcrew’s(singlepilot)abilitytomanagethreatsiswhetherthreatsaredetectedwiththenecessaryanticipationtoenabletheflightcrewtorespondtothemthroughdeploymentofappropriatecounter-measures.Threatmanagementisabuildingblocktoerrormanagementandundesiredaircraftstatemanagement.Althoughthethreaterrorlinkageisnotnecessarilystraightforward,oritmaynotbealwayspossibletoestablishalinearrelationship,orone-to-onemappingbetweenthreats,errorsandundesiredstates,archivaldatademonstratesthatmismanagedthreatsarenormallylinkedtoflightcrew/piloterrors,whichinturnareoftenlinkedtoundesiredaircraftstates.Threatmanagementprovidesthemostproactiveoptiontomaintainmarginsofsafetyinflightoperations,byvoidingsafetycompromisingsituationsattheirroot.




ErrorsErrorsaredefinedactionsorinactionsbytheflightcrewthatleadtodeviationsfromorganisationalorflightcrewintentionsorexpectations.Unmanagedand/ormismanagederrorsfrequentlyleadtoundesiredaircraftstates.Errorsintheoperationalcontextthustendtoreducethemarginsofsafetyandincreasetheprobabilityofadverseevents.Errorscanbespontaneous(i.e.,withoutdirectlinkagetospecific,obviousthreats),linkedtothreats,orpartofanerrorchain.Examplesoferrorswouldincludetheinabilitytomaintainastabilizedapproach,executingawrongautomationmode,miss-settinganaltimeterpressureormisinterpretinganATCclearance.Regardlessofthetypeoferror,anerror’seffectonsafetydependsonwhethertheflightcrewdetectsandrespondstotheerrorbeforeitleadstoanundesiredaircraftstateandtoapotentialunsafeoutcome.ThisiswhyoneoftheobjectivesofTEMistounderstanderrormanagement(i.e.,detectionandresponse),ratherthansolelyfocusingonerrorcausality(i.e.,causationandcommission).Fromthesafetyperspective,operationalerrorsthataretimelydetectedandpromptlyrespondedto(i.e.,properlymanaged),thatdonotleadtoundesiredaircraftstates,donotreducemarginsofsafetyinflightoperations,andthusbecomeoperationallyinconsequential.Inadditiontoitssafetyvalue,propererrormanagementrepresentsanexampleofsuccessfulhumanperformance,presentingboth-learningandtrainingvalue.Capturinghowerrorsaremanagedisthenasimportant,ifnotmore,thancapturingtheprevalenceofdifferenttypesoferror.Itisofinteresttocaptureifandwhenerrorsaredetectedandbywhom,theresponse(s)upondetectingerrors,andtheoutcomeoferrors.Someerrorsarequicklydetectedandresolved,thusbecomingoperationallyinconsequential,whileothersgoundetectedoraremismanaged.Amismanagederrorisdefinedasanerrorthatislinkedtoorinducesanadditionalerrororundesiredaircraftstate.ExaminersshouldfamiliarisethemselveswiththeconceptofTEMandexaminetheseprincipleswhenassessinggeneralAirmanship.




6.3EvaluationErrorsInordertotesteffectively,theExaminerrequiresnotonlyasoundknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofevaluation,butalsoafirmunderstandingofthepossibleerrorsthatcanoccurthroughouttheevaluationprocess.Errorsinevaluationfallintoseveralcategories.

PersonalBiasErrorPersonalbiasisindicatedbythetendencyofanExaminertoratecandidatesoraparticulargroupofcandidatesthesame.Examinersmustconductallflighttestsinaccordancewiththestandardsexpressedintheapplicableflighttestguide.AnExaminermustnotallowpersonalprejudicestointerferewiththeobjectiveevaluationofacandidate'sperformance.

CentralTendencyErrorsCentraltendencyerrorsareindicatedbyatendencytorateallormostcandidatesasaverage.TheExaminerreally“feels”thattheperformanceofmostcandidatesisnotasgoodasitshouldbeandthereforeunderscoresacandidate’sgoodperformance.Ontheotherhand,theExaminerisreluctanttocopewiththepossibleemotionalresponseofacandidateorarecommendinginstructor.Thisresultsinpaddedorinflatedassessmentsofpoorperformance.ThiserrormayalsooccurbecauseanExaminerdoesnotwanttoputeffortintomakingadecision.Anaveragemarkiseasiertodefend.

GenerosityErrorsGenerosityerrorsareindicatedbyatendencytorateallindividualsatthehighendofthescaleandareprobablythemostcommontypeofpersonalbias.ThiscouldbecausedbyanExaminer’sdesiretobeknownasaniceperson.Inthiscase,allormostcandidatesaregradedatthelowendofthemarkingscale.Examinersmayfeelthatthepublishedstandardsaretoolowandscorethetestagainsttheirownsetofstandards.ThistypeofExaminerfeelsthatfewpeoplecanflyaswellastheycan.

HaloEffectThisoccurswhenanExaminer’simpressionofacandidateisallowedtoinfluencetheassessmentofperformance.Haloerrorcanresultinratinganapplicanttoohighortoolow.Oneformofhaloerroristheerrorofleniency.LeniencyhasitssourceinanExaminerslikes,dislikes,opinions,prejudices,moodsandpoliticalorcommunityinfluenceofpeople.Forexample,whentestingafriend,acquaintance,orhighprofileindividual,anExaminermaygiveundeservedlyhighmarksor,converselytheerrorofstereotype.

StereotypeAswiththeerrorofleniency,theerrorofstereotypehasitssourceinlikes,dislikes,opinions,prejudices,etc.Inthiscase,however,anExaminermayallowpersonalopinionorprejudicetoinfluencetheassessmentofthecandidateandawardundeservedlylowmarksorhighmarks.

LogicalErrorLogicalerroroccurswhenanExaminerassumesthatahighdegreeofabilityinoneareameansasimilardegreeofcompetenceinanother.Thisisespeciallytrueifthetwoitemsbeingassessedaresimilarorrelated.Agoodmarkononeortwoitemsdoesnotmeanthecandidateisalsoqualifiedonallitems.Thefulltestmustbecompletedandmarked.

ErrorofnarrowCriterionThismayoccurwhenanExaminerhasagroupofcandidatestotest.TheExaminermay,underthiscondition,rateeachapplicantagainsttheotherswithinthegroupinsteadofagainstthepublishedcriteria.Ifthegrouptobetestedisaboveaverage,acandidatewhoisofaverageabilitymaybeawardedanundeservedlylowmark.Ifthegroupofcandidatestobetestedisbelowaverage,thenacandidatewhoperformsthebestwithinthisgroupmaybeawardedahigherassessmentthanactuallydeserved.

ErrorofdelayedGradingThistypeoferroroccurswhenthereisadelayintheassessmentofanitem,resultinginatendencytoawardaveragemarksduetothelackofinformationand/orpoorrecall.Theuseofthetoporbottomendofthemarkingscalewould




beavoided.Bynotmakinganassessmentimmediatelyaftertheevent,Examinersmayawardassessmentsbaseduponanoverallimpressionoftheflighttest.Thisresultsinanerroneousassessmentandaflighttestreportthatisoflittlevaluetothetrainingsystem.

StandardsErrorAlltheerrorswehavediscussedresultinastandardserror.However,ifanExaminerisnotthoroughlyfamiliarwithestablishedstandards,asoutlinedintheapplicableguidancematerial,itisvirtuallyimpossibletoconductanevaluationtothatstandard.Whiletheseerrorsmayappearobviousonpaper,theymaynotbeunderflight-testconditions,especiallyasthejudgmentoftheExaminermaybeobscuredbyacombinationoftwoormore.Examinersmust,therefore,beawareoftheseerrorstoconsciouslypreventthemfrominfluencingthevalidityoftheteststheyconduct.




6.4OralQuestionsTheExaminerusesoralquestionstomeasureandevaluatetheextentofaeronauticalknowledgeandtodeterminethatthecandidatemeetsthestandardofknowledgerequiredforthelicenseorratingbeingsought.Thisisanimportantpartoftheflighttestanditistheportionofflight-testingthatresultsinthegreatestvarianceinstandardisation.Forthisreasonitisessentialthatquestionsbepreparedbeforehandtoensurethattheyarewordedcorrectlyandthattheyarerelevantandvalid.ItisrecommendedthattheExaminerhaveabankofquestionspreparedforalltherequireditemsorareasoftheoralportionofthetest.Itisnotintendedthatallofthequestionspreparedbeaskedbuttheadditionalquestionswillbeavailable,ifrequired.Moreover,abankofquestionswillallowtheExaminertovarytheoralportionofthetestsomewhat,fromcandidatetocandidate.Thepreparedquestionsshouldbeofapracticaloperationalnature,basedupontheaircraftandthetripassignedfortheflighttest.Theoreticaltypequestionsarenotrecommendedontheflighttestasthisareaiscoveredbythewrittenexaminations.Inpreparingquestions,itisrecommendedthatyoufirstwritedownthecorrectanswerandthenwriteaquestionthatwillelicitonlythatanswer.Questionsshouldbecarefullywordedandnotambiguous.Goodquestionsareeasilyunderstoodandcomposedofcommonwords.Theyshouldmeasureknowledge,nottheuseoflanguage.BigwordsandhighsoundingphraseologymayallowtheExaminertodisplaycommandoflanguageandvocabularybutonlydetractattentionfromthetest.Ifcandidatescannotunderstandthemeaningofthewords,theywillnotbeabletoanswerthequestion.Therefore,Examinersmustkeepthevocabularywithinthegraspofcandidates.Tomakesurethatthecandidateunderstandsthequestion,familiartermsandwordsshouldbeused.Thesituationandconditionsmustbeclear,togivethecandidatethechancetoanswercorrectly.Aquestionshouldcenterononeideaonly.TheExaminercanguidethecandidatethroughacomplexprocedurebyasking“what”,“why”,“where”,“when”and“how”questionsafterthebasicquestionhasbeenasked.Exampleofabasicquestion:WhatismeantbythetermVFRinaviation?Answer:VisualFlightRules.Nextquestionmightbe:IstheweatherVFRfortoday’sflight?

HandlingCandidateAnswersTheExaminer’sroleisdifferentfromtheinstructor’s.Examinersarestrictlytheretoobserveandevaluate.Instructorsareinvolvedinthetrainingexperiencewiththestudent.Theyexplain,demonstrate,allowstudentstopractice,supervisepracticeand,finally,evaluatetoconfirmlearning.Examinersshouldavoidconfirmingananswer.Moreover,responding,“No,that’snotright”toananswer,mayundermineacandidate’sself-confidenceandaffectperformancefortheremainderoftheflighttest.Examinersshouldavoidleadingcandidatestothecorrectanswer.However,anExaminermayaskforclarification.Forexample:Theanswer“Thenosewouldpitchdown!”tothequestion“Whatwouldhappeniftheaircraftwasloadedwithanaftcentreofgravity?”couldbefollowedwithademandtoexplainwhatismeantbydemonstratingtheanswerwithamodelaircraft.

Note:ThisrequiresaYes/Noanswer,butyoucouldfollowupwith-Howdoyouknow?Etc.Keepquestionsaspracticalaspossible.Aflighttestisanoperationalexercisewherethecandidatedemonstratesknowledgeandskillbygoingthroughanactualflight.Questionsshouldgetthecandidatethinking.AskingaquestionthatrequiresaYES/NOanswerdoesn’treallytelltheExaminermuchaboutthecandidate’slevelofunderstanding.Itismoreeffectivetoguidethecandidate’sthoughtstowardtheareatobequestionedandthenaskthequestion.Inthiswaythecandidatecanvisualizethesituationandthenthinkabouttheanswertothespecificquestion.KnowingthatsomethinghappensisnotasimportantasunderstandingWHYithappens.Trickyorirrelevantquestionsshouldbeavoided.Questionsshouldbechallengingforthecandidatebutallthenecessarybackgroundtocometotheanswermustbeprovided.




6.5DefinitionofstrongandweakelementsofperformanceMarkthatbestdescribestheweakestelement(s)applicabletothecandidate’sperformanceoftheparticulartestsequence/itemdemonstrated.

Performanceiswellexecutedconsideringexistingconditions: 1. Aircrafthandlingissmoothandpositivewithahighlevelofprecision.2. Technicalskillsindicateathoroughknowledgeofprocedures,aircraftsystems,limitationsandperformance

characteristics.3. Situationalawarenessisindicatedbycontinuousanticipationandvigilance.4. Flightmanagementskillsareexemplaryandthreatsareconsistentlyanticipated,recognizedandwellmanaged.5. Safetymarginsaremaintainedthroughconsistentandeffectivemanagementofaircraftsystemsandmandated

operationalprotocols.

Performanceisobservedtoincludeminorerrors: 1. Aircrafthandlingwithappropriatecontrolinputbutincludesminordeviations.2. Technicalskillsindicateanadequateknowledgeofprocedures,aircraftsystems,limitationsandperformance

characteristicstosuccessfullycompletethetask.3. Situationalawarenessisadequatelymaintainedascandidaterespondsinatimelymannertocuesandchangesin

theflightenvironmenttomaintainsafetywhileachievingtheaimofthesequence/item.4. Flightmanagementskillsareeffective.Threatsareanticipatedanderrorsarerecognizedandrecovered.Safety

marginsaremaintainedthrougheffectiveuseofaircraftsystemsandmandatedoperationalprotocols.

Performanceisobservedtoincludemajorerrors: 1. Aircrafthandlingisperformedwithmajordeviationsand/oranoccasionallackofstability,over/undercontrolor

abruptcontrolinput.2. Technicalskillsrevealdeficiencieseitherindepthofknowledgeorcomprehensionofprocedures,aircraftsystems,

limitationsandperformancecharacteristicsthatdonotpreventthesuccessfulcompletionofthetask.3. Situationalawarenessappearscompromisedascuesaremissedorattendedtolateorthecandidatetakesmore

timethanidealtoincorporatecuesorchangesintotheoperationalplan.4. Flightmanagementskillsarenotconsistent.Instrumentdisplays,aircraftwarningsorautomationservetoavertan

undesiredaircraftstatebypromptingorremedyingthreatsanderrorsthatarenoticedlate.Safetymarginsarenotcompromised,butpoorlymanaged.

PerformanceisobservedtoincludecriticalerrorsortheAimofthetestsequence/itemisnotachieved: 1. Aircrafthandlingisperformedwithcriticaldeviationsand/oralackofstability,roughuseofcontrolsorcontrolof

theaircraftislostorindoubt.2. Technicalskillsrevealunacceptablelevelsofdepthofknowledgeorcomprehensionofprocedures,aircraftsystems,

limitationsandperformancecharacteristicsthatpreventasuccessfulcompletionofthetask.3. Lapsesinsituationalawarenessoccurduetoalackofappropriatescanningtomaintainanaccuratementalmodel

ofthesituationorthereisaninabilitytointegratetheinformationavailabletodevelopandmaintainanaccuratementalmodel.

4. Flightmanagementskillsareineffective,indecisiveornoncompliantwithmandatedpublishedproceduresandcorrectivecountermeasuresarenoteffectiveorapplied.

5. Safetymarginsarecompromisedorclearlyreduced.




ErrorsError:meansanactionorinactionbytheflightcrewthatleadstoavariancefromoperationalorflightcrewintentionsorexpectations.

MinorErrorAnactionorinactionthatisinconsequentialtothecompletionofatask,procedureormaneuver,evenifcertainelementsoftheperformancevaryfromtherecommendedbestpractices.

Anactionorinactionthatcanleadtoanundesiredaircraftstateorareducedsafetymargin,ifimproperlymanaged;oranerrorthatdoesnotleadtoasafetyrisk,butdetractsmeasurablyfromthesuccessfulachievementofthedefinedaimofasequence/item.

Anactionorinactionthatismismanagedandconsequentlyleadstoanundesiredaircraftstateorcompromisessafetysuchas:-Non-compliancetomandatedstandardoperatingprocedures;or-Repeatedimpropererrormanagementoruncorrectedandunrecognizedthreats,whichriskputtingtheaircraftinanundesiredstate;or-Repeatedmajorerrorsorthenon-performanceofcertaincriteriaprescribedintheapplicableguidancematerialfoundinthismanual.

DeviationsDeviation:meansavarianceinprecisionwithrespecttoaspecifiedlimitpublishedforamaneuverwithinatestitemorsequence,whichisaresultofpiloterrororfaultyhandlingoftheaircraft.

MinorDeviationAdeviationthatdoesnotexceedaspecifiedlimit.

MajorDeviationAdeviationthatexceedsaspecifiedlimitorrepeatedminordeviationswithoutachievingstability.

CriticalDeviationAmajordeviationthatisrepeated,excessiveornotcorrected,suchas:1. Repeatednon-adherencetospecifiedlimits;or2. Notidentifyingandcorrectingmajordeviations;or3. Morethandoublingthespecifiedvalueofalimit.

MajorError

CriticalError




6.6ConductofTest/Check

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphv AnExaminershouldmaintainaflightlogandassessmentrecordduringthetest/checkforreferenceduringthepost/flightde-brief.Thisrecordshouldbecompiledwithoutalertingorattractingtheattentionoftheapplicant.Communicationsinflightshouldonlybenecessarytoprompttheapplicantregardingrequiredsequenceofeventsusingconciseandeasilyunderstoodintentions(e.g.followingago-around)

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphw AnExaminershouldbeflexibletothepossibilityofchangesarisingtopre-flightbriefsduetoATCinstructions,orothercircumstancesaffectingthetest/check.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphx Wherechangesarisetoaplannedtest/checkanExaminershouldbesatisfiedthattheapplicantunderstandsandacceptsthechanges.Otherwise,thetest/checkflightshouldbeterminated.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphy ShouldanapplicantchoosenottocontinueatestorcheckforreasonsconsideredinadequatebyanExaminer,theapplicantwillbeassessedashavingfailedthoseitemsorsectionsnotattempted.IfthetestorcheckisterminatedforreasonsconsideredadequatebytheExaminer,onlytheseitemsorsectionsnotcompletedwillbetestedduringasubsequenttestorcheck.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphz AnExaminershouldterminateatest/checkonlyforthepurposeofassessingtheapplicant,orforsafetyreasons.ExceptwhentheExaminerhastogiveguidanceorareminder,theapplicantshouldbeallowedtoconducttheflightwithoutinterruption.Itshouldberemembered,however,thattheExaminerisresponsibleforthesafeconductoftheflightandthepreventionofanyinfringements.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphg Eachitemwithinatestorchecksectionshouldbecompletedandassessedseparately.Thetestorcheckschedule,asbriefed,shouldnotnormallybealteredbyanExaminer.Afaileditemisnotalwaysafailedsection,forexampletyperatingskilltestwhereafailureofaniteminasectiondoesnotfailtheentiresection,onlythefaileditemistakenagain.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphh Marginalorquestionableperformanceofatest/checkitemshouldnotinfluenceanExaminer’sassessmentofanysubsequentitems.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphf AnExaminerwillensurethatanapplicantcompletesatestorcheckinaccordancewithPart-FCLrequirementsandisassessedagainsttherequiredtestorcheckstandards.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphj Whenatest/checkiscompletedordiscontinued,anExaminershouldde-brieftheapplicantandgivereasonsforitems/sectionsfailed.Intheeventofafailedordiscontinuedskilltestorproficiencycheck,theExaminershouldprovideappropriateadvicetoassisttheapplicantinre-tests/re-checks.

AMC2FCL.1015paragraphk Anycommenton,ordisagreementwith,anExaminer’stest/checkevaluation/assessmentmadeduringadebriefwillberecordedbytheExamineronthetest/checkreport,andwillbesignedbytheExaminerandcountersignedbytheapplicant.




AMC2FCL.1015paragrapho Althoughtest/checksmayspecifyflighttesttolerances,anapplicantshouldnotbeexpectedtoachievetheseattheexpenseofsmoothnessorstableflight.AnExaminershouldmakedueallowanceforunavoidabledeviationsduetoturbulence,ATCinstructions,etc.

AMC1FCL.1020paragraphf TheExaminerapplicantshouldrefertotheflighttesttolerancesgivenintherelevantskilltest.

Attentionshouldbepaidtothefollowingpoints:(1)questionsfromthe‘candidate’;(2)giveresultsofthetestandanysectionsfailed;(3)givereasonsforfailure.




6.7Pass/FailCriteriaTheExamineristocheckPART-FCLreferencesforpassfailcriteriarelevanttothetesttobeconducted.

Ingeneraltheguidanceis:

ForSingle-PilotAeroplanes: Theapplicantshallpassallsectionsoftheskilltest/proficiencycheck.Ifanyiteminasectionisfailed,thatsectionisfailed.Failureinmorethanonesectionwillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentiretest/checkagain.Anyapplicantfailingonlyonesectionshalltakethefailedsectionagain.Failureinanysectionofthere-test/re-checkincludingthosesectionsthathavebeenpassedatapreviousattemptwillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentiretest/checkagain.

ForMulti-PilotandSingle-Pilothigh-performancecomplexaeroplanes: Theapplicantshallpassallsectionsoftheskilltest/proficiencycheck.Failureofmorethanfiveitemswillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentiretest/checkagain.Anyapplicantfailing5orlessitemsshalltakethefaileditemsagain.Failureinanyitemonthere-test/checkincludingthoseitemsthathavebeenpassedatapreviousattemptwillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentirecheck/testagain.

PASS/FAILCRITERIAMPA/SPHPCAAttemptOne AttemptTwo Result

1ItemsFailed

RetakeFailedItem

2ItemsFailed

RetakeFailedItem

3ItemsFailed

RetakeFailedItem

4ItemsFailed

RetakeFailedItem

5ItemsFailed

RetakeFailedItem

IfanyoneItemisfailedonAttemptTwothecompleteTest/Checkisfailed.IftheAttemptTwoFlightProfileincludesanItemoriginallypassedinAttemptOneandthisitemisfailedinAttemptTwothecompleteTest/Checkisfailed.

6ormoreItemsFailed

NoAttemptTwo ThecompleteTest/CheckisFailed

All‘AttemptOne’ItemsmustbecompletedbeforeAttemptTwo.

AfterafailureinAttemptOneandbeforeAttemptTwo,retrainingisoptional

AfterafailureinAttemptTwo,retrainingismandatory

Atthediscretionoftheexaminer,any‘AttemptOne’itemmayberepeatedonceatanytimeduringthetest/check.ArepeatisnotAttemptTwoandtheapplicantdoesnothavetherighttodemandarepeat.

TheapplicanthasarighttoundertakeAttemptTwo,if5orlessitemsarefailed-Subjectto

TheexaminermayawardacompletefailatanytimeduringtheTest/Check,irrespectiveofthenumberofitemsfaileduptothatpoint.




TheResult Thereareseveralmethodsforevaluatinganapplicant’sperformance.HCAAacceptsanymethodthattheywishtouse.Twomethodswillbeconsideredhere:AGradingBObjectiveAssessment

AGrading Gradingisanoptiononsomeformsusedfortests/checks.However,itsuseisoptional.The"AcceptablePerformance"sectionofeachexerciseoutlinesthegradingcriteria.Thesecriteriaassumenounusualcircumstances.Considerationshallbegiventounavoidabledeviationsfromthepublishedcriteriaduetoweather,trafficorothersituationsbeyondthereasonablecontroloftheapplicant.Toavoidtheneedtocompensateforsuchsituations,thetestsshouldbeconductedundernormalconditionswheneverpossible.

Writtenremarksarerequiredwhenawardingaflighttestexerciseamarkof2orless.Theremarksshouldbeclearandconciseandinthecaseofanexerciseassessedas:Grades1or2reflectthemajorvariation(s)fromtheAcceptablePerformancefortheexerciseasoutlinedintheappropriateflightteststandards;or0reflecttheappropriateitemoritemsthatresultinanassessmentoffailaslistedintheGradingScalesectionoftheflighttestStandard(s).Duringaflighttest,itissometimesdifficulttowriteclearandconciseremarks.ItisrecommendedthatExaminersusenotesmadeduringtheflighttesttocompleteafinalcopyoftheFlightTestReport.ThisprovidestheExaminerwiththeopportunityofreferencingtheappropriateflightteststandardswhilewritingfinalcomments.ThediagramshownbelowwillassisttheExaminerinfollowingalogicalsequenceofstepstoarriveatamarkwhenevaluatingtheapplicant’sperformanceofaparticularflighttestitem.Bystartingatthetopofthediagramandmentallyreviewingandansweringeachquestioninsequence,itispossibletoarriveatamarktobeawarded.TheaccuracyoftheassessmentwilldependentirelyontheExaminer’sknowledgeoftheAcceptablePerformancerequirementsforeachflighttestexerciseandtheGradingScale.







BObjectiveAssessment

SatisfactoryPerformanceTheabilityofanapplicanttosafelyperformtherequiredassignmentsisbasedon:

1. PerformingtheassignmentsspecifiedintheExaminer’sManualforthelicenseorratingsoughtwithintheapprovedstandards

2. Demonstratingcontroloftheaeroplane/helicopterandflightwiththesuccessfuloutcomeofeachassignmentperformedneverseriouslyindoubt

3. Demonstratingsoundjudgementandcrewresourcemanagementandsingle-pilotcompetenceiftheaeroplane/helicopteristypecertificatedforsingle-pilotoperations

UnsatisfactoryPerformanceConsistentlyexceedingtherelevanttolerancesstatedinModule5,orfailuretotakeprompt,correctiveactionwhentolerancesareexceededisindicativeofunsatisfactoryperformance.Thetolerancesrepresenttheperformanceexpectedingoodflyingconditions.Anyactionorlackthereof,bytheapplicant,whorequirescorrectiveinterventionbytheExaminertomaintainsafeflight,shallbedisqualifying.Ifarepeatitemisnotclearlysatisfactory,theExaminershallconsideritunsatisfactory.

ResultAnExaminerwilluseoneofthefollowingtermsofassessment:




ResultAnExaminerwilluseoneofthefollowingtermsofassessment:

Quickreference:

Aeroplane

Reference TheExamineristocheckPART-FCLreferencesforpassfailcriteriarelevanttothetesttobeconducted.Ingeneraltheguidanceis:

Pass Theapplicantshallpassallsectionsoftheskilltestorproficiencycheck

PartialPass

ForSPA:Ifanyiteminasectionisfailed,thatsectionisfailed.Anyapplicantfailingonlyonesectionshalltakethefailedsectionagain.Theapplicantretakingonlythatfailedsection,plusthedeparturesectionoftencompletesthepartialpass.Shouldeitherofthosetwobefailedatasecondattemptthentheresultofthattestifafail.ForMULTIPILOTANDSINGLE-PILOTHIGH-PERFORMANCECOMPLEXAEROPLANES:Anyapplicantfailing5orlessitemsshalltakethefaileditemsagain.

Fail

ForSPA:Ifanyiteminasectionisfailed,thatsectionisfailed.Failureinmorethanonesectionwillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentiretest/checkagain.Failureinanysectionofthere-test/re-checkincludingthosesectionsthathavebeenpassedatapreviousattemptwillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentiretest/checkagain.ForMULTIPILOTANDSINGLE-PILOTHIGH-PERFORMANCECOMPLEXAEROPLANES:Theapplicantshallpassallsectionsoftheskilltest/proficiencycheck.Failureofmorethanfiveitemswillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentiretest/checkagain.Failureinanyitemonthere-test/checkincludingthoseitemsthathavebeenpassedatapreviousattemptwillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentirecheck/testagain.AMC2FCL.1015PARAGRAPHo(2)A“fail”providedthatanyofthefollowingapply:

i. theflighttesttoleranceshavebeenexceededaftertheExaminerhasmadedueallowanceforturbulenceorATCinstructions;

ii. theaimofthetest/checkisnotcompleted;iii. theaimofexerciseiscompletedbutattheexpenseofunsafeflight,violationofaruleor

regulation,poorairmanshiporroughhandling;iv. anacceptablelevelofknowledgeisnotdemonstrated;v. anacceptablelevelofflightmanagementisnotdemonstrated;orvi. theinterventionoftheExaminerorsafetypilotisrequiredintheinterestofsafety.

Incompletetests

Shouldanapplicantchoosenottocontinueatest/checkforreasonsconsideredinadequatebyanExaminer,theapplicantshallretaketheentireskilltest.Ifthetest/checkisterminatedforreasonsconsideredadequatebytheExaminer,onlythoseitems/sectionsnotcompletedwillbetestedinafurtherflight.




Quickreference:

Helicopter

Reference TheExamineristocheckPART-FCLreferencesforpassfailcriteriarelevanttothetesttobeconducted.Ingeneraltheguidanceis:

Pass Providedtheapplicantdemonstratestherequiredlevelofknowledge,skill/proficiencyand,whereapplicable,remainswithintheflighttesttolerancesforthelicenseorrating

PartialPass

Thepartialpassisnotalwaysanoptionontest/check.However,whenapplicableitisusedtoindicatethatonlyonesectionofthetestprofilewasfailed.Theapplicantretakingonlythatfailedsection,plusthedeparturesectionoftencompletesthepartialpass.Shouldeitherofthosetwobefailedatasecondattemptthentheresultofthattestifafail.

Fail

AMC2FCL.1015PARAGRAPHo(2)A“fail”providedthatanyofthefollowingapply:

i. theflighttesttoleranceshavebeenexceededaftertheExaminerhasmadedueallowanceforturbulenceorATCinstructions;

ii. theaimofthetest/checkisnotcompleted;iii. theaimofexerciseiscompletedbutattheexpenseofunsafeflight,violationofaruleor

regulation,poorairmanshiporroughhandling;iv. anacceptablelevelofknowledgeisnotdemonstrated;v. anacceptablelevelofflightmanagementisnotdemonstrated;orvi. theinterventionoftheExaminerorsafetypilotisrequiredintheinterestofsafety.

Incompletetests

Shouldanapplicantchoosenottocontinueatest/checkforreasonsconsideredinadequatebyanExaminer,theapplicantshallretaketheentireskilltest.Ifthetest/checkisterminatedforreasonsconsideredadequatebytheExaminer,onlythoseitems/sectionsnotcompletedwillbetestedinafurtherflight.




Postflightprocedureswillrequireaccurateassessmentoftheflightandcommunicationtotheapplicantofhisresult.TheExaminermust:

1. takethetimenecessarytoconsiderafair,unbiasedandcorrectassessmentofthetest/check2. deliveracleardecisionontheresultofthetest/checkwithprecisedetailsofthereasonforeachfaileditem

indicatinganyfailresultinafriendlybutfirmmanner.3. whereanexistingratinghasbeenfailedinstructtheapplicantontheimplicationsofhisresult4. directtheapplicantintheadministrationrequiredfollowinghisresultHavingcompletedtheflightandthe

administrationtheExaminermaythenofferguidanceonanyaspectoftheflight.Thefollowingpointsmaybediscussed:

1. advisetheapplicanthowtoavoidorcorrectmistakes2. mentionanyotherpointsofcriticismnoted3. givesanyadviceconsideredhelpful

Ifatanytimeduringorafterthetestacomplaintofaseriousnatureismadebyanapplicantontheconductofhistest/check,theExaminershouldnotbecomeinvolvedindiscussionwiththeapplicant.ComplaintsorappealsshallbedealtwithaccordingtoHCAAregulations.

6.8Postflight-debrief

ComplaintsandAppeals




TheTablesinthismodulegiveapracticalguidetothecriteriatobeconsideredbytheExaminerwhenassessingeachitemofPART-FCLaeroplane/helicoptertestsandchecks.ThetableshouldbeusedinconjunctionwiththeappropriatePART-FCLtestschedule.

IntroductoryNotes Usingareferencesystemof7PhasesofFlighttheModule3tabledescribestherequiredcompetencystandardsforeveryitemoftestsorchecklistedinPART-FCL.

ThePhaseofFlightHeadingsare: 1. PreFlightProcedures2. TakeoffandDepartureProcedure3. GeneralHandling4. Enrouteprocedures5. AbnormalandEmergencyprocedures6. Instrumentprocedures7. ArrivalandLandingprocedures8. NightOperations(Appliestoallphasesofflight)

Thetableisseparatedinto4columnsasfollows:

PHASEOFFLIGHTOBJECTIVE TECHNICAL PROCEDURAL NONTECHNICALTitleofassesseditemtakenfromPART-FCLscheduleThiscelldescribeswhatistobedeterminedbytheExaminer.

Thiscelldescribescompetencecriteriathatinvolvetheapplicantdemonstratingknowledgeandskillsinoperatingsystemsorcontrollingtheaeroplane

Thiscelldescribescompetencecriteriaincomplyingwithprocedures,operatingmanuals,ATCclearances,publishedproceduresandchecklists.

ThiscelldescribescompetencecriteriaencapsulatedbyAirmanship,CRM,decisionmaking,awareness,threatanderrormanagementetc.

GeneralInmostphasesofflighttherearecompetenciesthatapplytoagroupofmanoeuvrese.g.turns,oreventhewholephase.Inordertoavoidrepetition,thecommoncompetenciesaregroupedunderthe“General”itemheading.Examinersmustrefertoboththe“General”headingcriteriaandthecriteriaunderthespecificitembeingassessede.g.“TurnsGeneral”plus“SteepTurns”asthespecificitem.Multiplecellbordersatthebeginningandendofthegroupidentifythegroup.

Note:Itispossiblesometimestoplaceacompetenceineitherof2columnsbecausephysicalskills,knowledgeetccannotalwaysbeclearlyseparated;forassessmentthisisnotcritical.TheintentionistoassisttheExaminerinidentifyingwhatcompetenciesarerequiredforsatisfactoryperformanceofatestitemandtoassistinidentifyingwhyanapplicantmayhavefailedtoachieveapassinanitem.

Airmanship SeveralofthetestschedulesrequiretheassessmentofAirmanship.IngeneralandespeciallyforSPAteststhiswordcoversNon-technicalareasofcompetency.Airmanshipisthecomplexofallresourcesenablingthepilotsafelytohandlehisaircraftwithdueregardtorulesandregulationsandgoodaviationpractice,whateverthecircumstances,bothonthegroundandintheair.Itisnotpracticaltogiveacomprehensivelistofairmanshipconsiderations,however,theNontechnicalcolumnattemptstodescribeasmanyoftheseitemsaspossible.ErrorsinthisareashouldnotconstitutereasonforfailureunlesssatisfactoryachievementoftheObjectiveorthesafetyoftheflightiscompromised.ItistheExaminer’sroletoobservehowtheapplicantmanagestheresourcesavailabletohimtoachieveasafeanduneventfulflight.Iftheapplicantshowsearlyandconsistentawarenessofparticularairmanshipconsiderations(e.g.repetitivecheckingoficingconditionsinalevelcruiseclearoficingconditions)theExaminermayallowtheapplicanttobriefonlychangesduringtheremainderoftheflight.ExaminersarerequiredtoexerciseproperAirmanship/nontechnicalcompetenciesinconductingtests/checksaswellasexpectingthesamefromapplicants.

Module3–TestStandardsAeroplanes








Module3TestStandards–Aeroplanes

SeeattachedTablesattheendoftheFEM








ThetablesinthismodulegiveapracticalguidetothecriteriatobeconsideredbytheExaminerwhenassessingeachitemofPART-FCLhelicoptertestsandchecks.ThefollowingguidanceinformationisofferedtoassisttheExaminertoconductathoroughflighttest.Theserecommendationswillaidinmakingaccurateassessmentsofthecandidate'sskillandknowledge.Airmanshipisnotalwayslistedintheperformancecriteriaforeachitem,butitisanintegralpartoftheperformanceofeachitem,whenrelevant,andshouldbeevaluated.

Ensurethatquestionsaskedarerelativetothehelicopterbeingusedfortheflighttest.Emphasisethemaintenancerelease conditions, deferred defects and the number of hours or calendar time remaining before the nextmaintenanceactionisdue.Suggestascenariooutlininganunserviceabilitydiscoveredduringflightandaskquestionstodeterminethecandidate’sknowledgeofprocedurestofollowasaconsequenceofthatdiscoveryanditsimpactontheproposedflight.Thecandidatemayuse theFlightManual todetermine informationother thanthe limitations listed in the flighttestguideasmemoryitems.Forsomeofthememoryitems,dependingontheaircrafttypeandwhereplacardsareaccessible inflight,thecandidatemayrefertotheequivalentplacards illustrated intheHelicopterFlightManualtoquotelimitations.Recordtheanswersgiventoquestionsregarding limitationsandoperationaldatasothat,duringtheflighttest,theactuallimitationsandoperationaldatausedmaybecompared.KeepquestionsrelatedtotheFlightManualpracticaland operational in nature, particularly if the conditions of temperature, wind strength, high density altitude, etc.existingatthetimeofflighttestcanbeutilizedor,ifnot,byincorporatingtheminascenario.The candidate should be asked to correct the loading where the C of G is beyond limits, and questioned todetermine understanding of extreme C of G locations and the resulting effect on helicopter handling andperformance. It is recommended touse a scenario-basedexample suchas:Where apassengerorpassengerswithequipmentweretobeembarkedordisembarkedatacertainlocationwherethehelicoptercouldnotbeshutdownbecauseofoperationalreasons.HowwouldthepilotensurethattheaircraftiswithintheCofGlimits?ShouldtherebeanydoubtintheExaminer'smindwithregardtothecompletedweightandbalanceformpresentedbyacandidate,theExaminershoulddeterminethelevelofknowledgebythoroughquestioninginthisarea.Thecandidateshouldbequestionedwithregardtotheappropriateactiontobetakenifanunsatisfactoryitemisdetected during the pre-flight inspection. For example, you may ask a question about the action to be takenregardingafilterblockage,asapplicabletothetype.Afailurebythecandidatetovisually,orbyothermeans,confirmthatthereissufficientfuelandoilfortheintendedflight,isdisqualifyingandwillconstituteafailureoftheflighttest.Itisintendedthatthevisualfuelcheckbeanactualcheckofthetank(ortanks)asopposedtojustacheckofthefuelgauges. Ifthehelicopterdesigndictatesthatvisualchecksarenotpracticableorpossible,theExaminermayacceptfuel chits, fuel logs, etc., that in the Examiner’s judgment meet the confirmation requirements. The candidate isexpected to conduct an oral passenger safety briefing at this time. Should the candidate omit the briefing, theExaminer will ask the candidate to provide one. This situation will be assessed as a major error and the finalassessmentawardedwilldependuponthequalityandeffectivenessofthebriefing.

Ahelicopterpilotmayhave todescribea serviceabilityproblem tomaintenancepersonnel, especiallywhen in aremote location; therefore, candidates areexpected to know thenameofmajor components, as applicable to thetype,theirlocationandtheirbasicfunction.Forexample,whenhavingaproblemstartingaturbineengine,thepilotisexpectedtobeabletotellmaintenancepersonnelifthebleedvalveisopenorclosed.

Airmanship

Module4–TestStandardsHelicopter

1PreparationforFlight




When asking the candidate to describe the basis function of a component or system, the expected depth of theknowledge could differ depending on whether the flight test is private or commercial. In all cases, ask practicalquestionsthatwouldprobeadeeperunderstandingofacomponentorsystemfromacommercialcandidatethanaprivateoneandmarktheperformanceaccordingtothetypeofflighttestperformed.

Thecandidateshouldusethechecklistprovidedwiththehelicopter.IftheExaminerdoesnotagreewiththecontentofthechecklist, thecandidateshouldnotbepenalized.Thiswouldbean itemfortheExaminertodiscusswiththetraining unit or establishment, and if necessary the Regional Flight Training Section. The checks carried out by acandidateshouldcoveratleasttheitemsmentionedintheHelicopterFlightManual.Thecandidateshouldbequestionedatthistimetodeterminewhatactionwouldbetakenifaproblememerges(e.g.excessivemagneto-drop,ahotstart,engineoverspeedorinstrumentsnotindicatingwhenanti-iceorcarburetorheatcontrolsareselectedand/orresetetc.).Note:Acheckof flightcontrols for freedomandthecorrectmovementof thecorrespondingrotorbladesaremandatoryandwillbeconductedbeforeflight.Insomecasesduringthewintermonthsthecheckcanbeperformedduringthepre-flight inspection while the aircraft is still inside the hanger to avoid damage to the rotor head. Should thecandidateneglectthischeck,theExaminerwillaskthecandidatetoperformitandamajorerrorwillbenoted.




Thecandidateshoulddemonstrateanadequatepracticalknowledgeof theoperationofsystems installedon thehelicopterbeingusedfortheflighttestandwillbeexpectedtouseallancillarycontrolsinthecorrectmannerduringthe flight. If the operation of a system or the use of an ancillary control was not required during the flight, theExaminermayrequireademonstration,simulatedoractual,toevaluatethecandidate’spracticalknowledgeofthatcontrolorsystem.

TakeoffandLandingstoandfromHover Thisitemmustbeassessedonacontinuingbasisthroughouttheflighttestandamarkawardedonlyafterthefinallanding.Thecandidateisexpectedtodemonstrateaccuracymaintainingpositionandheadingwhilerespectingalloperatinglimitationsduringthetakeoffsandlandingstoandfromthehover.TheExaminershouldrequestintoandoutofwinddemonstrationsbyusingscenarios,wheneverpossible.Duringthetakeoff,verifythatthecandidatechecksthattheskidsarefree,thecontrolresponse,thepositionofthecyclicfortheCofGandthepowerrequiredtohover.Inastablehover,verifythatthecandidatecheckstemperatures,pressuresandwarninglights.Failuretocarryoutatake-offcheckwillresultinafailureofthisitem.Whenlanding,aseatingcheckwillbeperformedasappropriatetothetypeoflandingsurface.Forexample,whenlandingonapavedsurfacetheseatingcheckonlyneedsminimalprecautioncomparedtoalandingonanunpreparedsurface.

Hover,HoverTaxiandHoveringTurns This exercise is tested in conjunction with the exercise listed before, which includes hover taxiing sideways andrearwards.Theseitemsmaybeaccessedduringthedemonstrationofotheritemsorbyitself.

The Examiner must confirm the candidate's lookout particularly when hover taxiing or turning in a hover in aconfined area, a busy ramp or an area of sloping ground. In addition to into-wind demonstrations, the candidateshouldbeaskedtohoverandhovertaxicrosswindanddownwind,whenconditionspermit.

EngineFailureattheHoverorHoverTaxi,TODP,LDP ItisimportantthattheExaminerusesasuitablelandingarea,suchasarunwayorasmoothgrassysurface.Ifyouarenotfamiliarwiththesite,itisstronglyrecommendedtotestthesurfacepriortotheenginefailure,bylandingonit.ForMEH,theappropriateCATAprocedureswithOEIshallbeapplied.

Transitions Incaseofanactualemergency,adepartureoranarrivalshouldbeconductedintowind,wheneverpossible.Asitisnotalwayspossibletodepartorarriveintowindbecauseofobstaclesorrunwaydirection,thecandidateisexpectedtocompromiseinordertomaximizethepossibilityofasuccessfullandingintheeventofanactualemergency.

MalfunctionsandEmergencyProcedures TheExaminerwilldetermineifhelicopterperformance,weatherconditionsandotherfactorspermitthesafeconductofsimulatedmalfunctionsoremergencyproceduresinflightoronthegroundwiththeenginerunning.Atleasttwoofthemalfunctionsoremergenciesshouldbesimulatedinflight.Theothermalfunctionoremergencymaybetestedonthegroundwiththeengineshutdown.

Examiners shoulduse a random sampling system, so that candidateswill not know in advancewhat to expect. Arandom sampling system should also include diversity in the types of malfunctions or emergencies given to thecandidateduring the flight test.Forexample, ifacandidate isgivenasa firstmalfunctionasimulated transmissionchip indicator, a second malfunction should not be a malfunction that requires similar outcome like a loss oftransmission oil pressure. Anymalfunctions or emergencies that are listed in the Pilot Operating Handbook (POH)and/or anymalfunctions or emergencies relevant to the type that are part of the Flight TrainingManualmay besimulatedandassessedduringanyportionoftheflighttest,includingtailrotorcontrolfailure.

TheExaminermustensure,whensimulatingemergencyorabnormalflightsituationsthatsuitablelandingareasareavailable,ifrequiredtocarryoutapromptprecautionarylanding.Ifasiteisfoundtobeunacceptableforthepurposeofthetestuponcloserinspection,theExaminermaydecidetonotproceedtoanactuallandingbyrequestingthatthecandidaterecovertoahoverorovershoottoaclimb.

AncillaryControlsandAircraftSystems

2ConductofTest/Check




TrafficCircuit

Thisitemmustbeassessedonacontinuingbasisthroughouttheflighttestandamarkawardedonlyafterthefinallanding.Thiswillensurethatthecandidateisassessedonthedepartureandentryproceduresaswellasacompletecircuitafteratakeoffleadingtoalanding.Examinersareexpectedtofamiliarizethemselveswiththetypeofcircuit,speeds,heights,andpowersettingsusedbytheflight-trainingunitduringthetraining.Whenever possible, use both controlled and uncontrolled aerodromes during the test. The candidate should beassessedon controlledaerodromeproceduresor given simulatedATC clearances and instructionswhen the test isconductedentirelyatanuncontrolledaerodrome.Conversely,thecandidate'sknowledgeofuncontrolledaerodromesandhelicopterprocedureatthoseaerodromesshouldbeassessedwhenthetestisentirelyconductedatcontrolledaerodromes.

SidewaysandRearwardFlight ThisitemistestedinconjunctionwiththeExercise“Hover”.

DecelerationandSteepTurn TheExaminerwillpresentascenariorequiringdecelerationandasteepturntoareciprocalheadinginordertoavoidanobstacle.TheExaminerwillspecifyanentryheadingandanaltitudeforthemaneuvers.

Itisrecommendedthatthismaneuverbeconductedat500feetAGL,andinanycasenotlowerthan300feetAGL.Cautionshouldbeexercised,especiallyinstrongwindconditions,tonotlosetranslationalliftduringanyturnfromintothewindtodownwindatareducedairspeed.Becauseascenarioislimitedbytherestrictionofheightaboveground,theExaminermustexercisegoodjudgmentandcareintheselectionofrealisticscenarios.Youmustensurethatthecandidatefullyunderstandsthescenariothatmayinvolveavoidanceoftowersorweatherphenomenainordertoavoidconfusionwhenassessingtheitem.

Thecandidateisexpectedtoexecute,fromcruisespeedandaspecifiedaltitude,adecelerationtoaspeedbetween50and60knots(orMPH)whilemaintaininganaltitudewithin±200feet,followedimmediatelybyasteepturnwithatleast30,butnotexceeding45°,ofbankthrougha180°changeofheadingtothereciprocaloftheentryheading(±20°).Thecandidateisexpectedtoremainwithin200feetoftheentryaltitudeandanindicatedairspeedrangingbetween40to70knots(orMPH)duringtheturn.Anairspeedwithin±10knots(orMPH)ofthespeedrangemaybeacceptableasamajorerrorifcorrectedinatimelymannerbythecandidate.Aspeeddeviationmorethan10knots(orMPH)aboveorbelowthespeedrangewillbedeemedtobeacriticaldeviation.Theturnwillbeterminatedwithareturntocruisespeedatanaltitudewithin±200feetoftheentryaltitude.AgoodtimetotestthisitemisafterItemAlternateDestinations.

Autorotations Theenginefailurewillbesimulatedinaccordancewiththemanufacturer'sflightmanual,thetechniquewillbeagreeduponduringthepre-flightbriefing.Priortothisexerciseandbeforethethrottleisbroughttotheidleposition,forsimulatinganenginefailure,itisstronglyrecommended,thattheExaminerhaveassessedtheengineidlingcapability,ifitwasnotdoneduringthestart-upprocedure.Theenginefailureataltitudeisusuallyassessedafterthenavigationitem,butcanbetestedatanytimeduringtheflighttest.Examinersshouldvarywheretheyassessthisitemsoasnottobecomepredictablewhentesting.TheExaminermustensurethatasuitablelandingareaexistswithinthecandidate'sfieldofvisionandwithinautorotationalrangeofthehelicopter,incaseofarealenginefailureduringthesimulation.Twotypesofautorotationswillbetestedonestraightinandonewitha180degreeturnandbothwillbeinitiatedfromcruiseatasafeheightbutinnoinstancelessthan500feetAGL.ThetwotypesofautorotationswillbeinitiatedbytheExaminerinamannerthatevaluatesrangevariationduringautorotation.Theapproachesmustinallcasesbeterminatedtoahoverorhover-taxi.Nofull-downautorotationsexceptfromHoverIGEshallbedoneduetomanyexamplesofaccidentsduringexaminations.Beforethecandidateisallowedtodemonstrateautorotationswithpowerrecoverytothehover/hover-taxi,theExaminermustselectasafelandingarea.




TheExaminerwillhavetodetermineandshowthecandidatetheboundaryoftheselectedtouchdownzone.Thoseboundarieswillbeapproximateinsomecases,buttheymustbewelloutlinedforthecandidatetosee.

Note:TheATOoraircraftowner’spolicyregardingtheminimumwindrequirementforautorotationshastoberespectedwhenthewindislessthan10knots.Whereacandidateexceedsatolerancespecifiedintheperformancecriteriabecauseofpiloterrororpoortechnique,butrecoversinatimelymannerthatisappropriatetothesituation,theperformancepertainingtothatcriterionmaybeacceptable,ifsafetywasnotcompromised.Theperformancewillbedeemedtobea“S”,evenifacorrectionismade,ifatoleranceisexceededbymorethandoublethespecifiedtolerancebecauseofpiloterrororpoortechnique(notduetowind/weather,turbulenceortrafficconditions).Thecandidatewillberequiredtocarryouttwoautorotations,oneofwhichwillincludea180-degreeturn,towardsarectangularpre-selectedtouchdownzone.Atouchdownmorethan100feetoftheboundarieswillbedeemedtobeacriticaldeviation.Theremaybefactorsbeyondthecontrolofthecandidatethatresultedinasimulatedlandingoutsideofthepre-selectedtouchdownzone,evenifthecandidateusedcorrectapproachandlandingtechnique.Inthosecases,theExaminerhasthediscretiontoconsidertheconditionsthatmayhavecausedthedeviationandmarktheitemappropriately.Thenecessityofenteringintoanautorotationisnotonlyrequiredbyapartialorcompletelossofpowerbutalsobyvariousfailuresofthedrivesystems,includingthetailrotorsystem.Groundandweatherconditionsbringanumberofvariablestoanautorotation.Consequently,itisveryimportantthatacandidatebewellpreparedinadaptingtothosevariables.Examinerstoooftenassessautorotationsbasedonlyonthefinaloutcomestatingthat“Itwassurvivable;thereforefullmarksshouldbegiven”.Theoutcomeofsuchanautorotationmaybeacceptable,butitisimpossibletoevaluateifthecandidatecouldadapttovariablesconditionsandmaketherequiredcorrectionsnecessaryfortheoutcometoalwaysbeacceptableorsurvivable.

PilotNavigation Unless the candidate encounters delays obtainingweather or other necessary information,preparation, excludingweightandbalancecomputations,shouldbecompletedwithin45minutes. Ifthecross-countryflightisassignedinadvance, the candidate may make preliminary preparations such as initial route selection, map preparation,determinationofheadings,andselectionofpossiblealternatesandinitialflightlogentriespriortotheflighttest.Inthiscase,thecandidateshould,afterobtainingweatherinformation,completeallfinalpreparation,includingweightandbalancecomputations,within45minutes.The candidatewill be assessedonhis ability to fly thehelicopter to set headingover a pre-selectedpoint or tointercepttheenrouteintendedtrack.Ifduetooperationalrequirements,suchasvectorsfromATC,thecandidateisunabletostartfromoverthepre-selectedsetheadingpoint,assessmentshouldbebasedontheabilitytoadapttothenewcircumstancesandthemannerthatthedepartureprocedureisaltered.Thecandidateshouldbeallowedenoughtimeaftersettingheadingtodetermineatrackerror,whensuitablecheckpointsaresparse.Thealternatedestinationitemisnotatestofpurenavigationalskillsbutisanassessmentoftheabilitytoproceedtoanalternatedestinationusingmentaldeadreckoningandgeographicalfeaturessuchasroads,railways,rivers,etc.,iftheyareavailable.Apartorallthenavigationshouldbecarriedoutat500feetAGLoraminimumsafealtitudewhicheverishigher.Asafeheightaboveground,evenifalteredduringtheflight,mustbemaintained.ThecandidateisexpectedtolettheExaminerknowof intentionalaltitudeand/orheadingchanges.Thecandidatemust respect theminimumaltitudesoveranddistancesfrombuilt-upareas,personsorstructures.Thisitemmaybeassessedwhilereturningtotheaircraftbase.AsthemostcommonnavigationaidforVFRpilotsistheGPS, it isrecommendedthattheinstalledGPSunitbeutilizedforthis item.IfnoGPS is installed,thecandidatemayuseeitheraVORreceiveroranADF.




This item will be assessed during the navigation to an alternate destination or at any time that the candidate isrequiredtoflyatlowerlevels.Thecandidateisexpectedtodemonstrategoodjudgmentwhenencounteringlivestock,built-upareas,structures,lakesorrisinggroundwhileflyingatlowaltitudes.ThecandidatemuststayoutoftheHeightVelocityDiagramcautionareasexceptwhennecessaryfortheoperation.Thisitemprovidesagoodopportunitytoevaluatethecandidate'spracticalknowledge,withbrieforalquestions,inregardtopreventativetechniquestobeusedintheeventofanencounterwithpoorweatherorwhiteoutconditions.Ifnecessary,theExaminermayassesspartofthisitemthroughquestioningontheground.

SlopingGroundOperations TheExaminerwillconsiderallfactorswhenselectingalandingsite,especiallythesurfaceconditionsandtheeffectofthewind.Thisitemcanbetestedinconjunctionwiththeconfinedareasitem,oranyotheritemthatrequireslandingonadoubtfulsurface.Particularattentionmustbepaidtothetailrotortoensurethatitiskeptclearoftheslopeandanyobstacles.

AdvancedTakeoffsandLandings TheExaminermayassessthisitemduringtheconfinedareasitem,exceptforthegroundeffecttakeoff,andtheno-hoverlanding,whichshouldbetestedduringthecircuitwork.Youshouldnotrequestaspecifictakeofforlandingbutratheruseascenariothatallowsthecandidatetodeterminethemostappropriateproceduretouse.Youmustensurethattheconditionsdescribedinthescenarioarecleartothecandidate.Forexample,youshoulddescribesurfaceconditionsthatwillleadthecandidatetochooseano-hovertakeoff,ifthatiswhatyouwantthecandidatetodemonstrate.

ConfinedAreas It ishighly recommended tousea scenario for testing this itemparticularlywith candidates for theCommercialPilotLicense.Inmostnormaloperations,acustomerwillasktobebroughttoaparticularworksiteandthehelicopterpilotwilldeterminetheclosestandmostsuitableareatolandthehelicopter.Thescenarioshouldbebasedonthoseparticulars,asthisrequiresthecandidatetochoosetheconfinedarea. Insomecases, thecandidatewillchooseanareathatisverylargebutisalogicalchoice.TheExaminerwilltheninformthecandidatetoignorethatchoicefortheneedsof the testand tochooseanother smaller confined landingarea. Ifmorepracticable, theother landingareamaybechosenbytheExaminer.If the Examiner selects the confined area, the Examinermust choose a site that demands careful appraisal by thecandidateandnotonethatiseitherverysmallorverylarge.Theobjectiveistodeterminethecandidate’sabilitytocarryoutsafeandefficientconfinedareaoperations;itisnottoassesshowsmallanareaacandidatecanoperatein.The size of the site should be large enough for the type of helicopter, considering all factors. Nevertheless, theExaminer may choose an alternate field if the candidate has doubts about the suitability of the site. It is notuncommonforanExaminertodescribeaspecificconfinedareathatisunderstoodbythecandidatetobeadifferentone. Examiners have to be very clear to ensure that their candidates are looking at the same site that they aredescribing. To avoid confusion, you could ask the candidate to describe the intended confined area back to you.Wheneverpossible,theapproachshouldterminateinahoverovertheproposedlandingspot.Examinersshouldsetrealisticscenariostoassesssideways,backwards,slopelandingsandadvancedtakeoffsandlandings.Thecandidatemustassess thepowerrequired for thetypeofdepartureplanned.For this item,ascenario-baseddeparture that simulates restricted performance capabilities may be used when utilizing a higher performancehelicopterfortheflighttest.TheExaminershouldletthecandidateknowearlyenoughinthedepartureofasituationrequiringthecandidatetorejectthedeparturetoenableasafereturntoahoveroralanding.

Note:Provided theaimof the item isaccomplished ina safeandorganisedmanner,Examiners shouldnotbeadverselyinfluencediftheprocedureuseddeviatesslightlyfromtheirpreferredtechnique.

MinimumSafeAltitudeOperations




InstrumentFlying Afterdonningaview-limitingdevice,thecandidateshouldbeallowedenoughtimetosettledowninstraightandlevelflight,beforespecificmaneuversarerequested.Therequiredfullpanelmaneuversshouldbeconductedbeforerequestinglimitedpanelwork.Whenassessingrecoveryfromtheunusualattitude,theExaminershouldplacethehelicopterinthedesiredunusualattitudeandthengivecontroltothecandidatestatingloudlyandclearly"Youhavecontrol".Onenose-uporonenose-downattitudewithorwithoutbankwillbedemonstrated,usingfullpanelforprivatepilotcandidatesandusinglimitedpanelforcommercialpilotcandidates.Unusualattituderecoveriesshouldbecompletedatasafeheightornolessthan1000feetaboveground.TheflighttestguideandtheflighttestreportplaceInstrumentFlying,asnearlythelastflighttestiteminbothdocuments.ThisisnotintendedtogiveExaminerstheimpressionthatinstrumentflyingmustcomeattheconclusionofthetest.Examinersshouldconsiderconductingthisitemapproximatelymid-waythroughthetestwhenplanningtheirflighttestprofile.

RadioCommunication Assessmentofcorrectradioproceduresshouldbeconductedthroughouttheflighttest.Thisitemcanbesimulatedquiteeasily if theATO isnotnearanATC facility,and theExaminercanassessmuchof this itemon theground, ifrequired.Theuseofapracticalscenario isanexcellentmethodto let thecandidatemakethedecisionastowhichradiocommunicationservicestoemploy.








ThenominatedtolerancesareextractedfromPART-FCL.Tolerancefiguresaretobeusedasthebasisforassessmentontheperfectdayinaneasilyhandledaeroplane/helicopter.Sincethiscombinationisrare,theExaminershallmakeallowanceforturbulentconditionsandthehandlingqualitiesandperformanceofthetypeofaeroplane/helicopterused.Applicantsmaybeadvisedthat,duringtheflight,theyshouldconcernthemselvesonlywithflyingandoperatingtheaeroplane/helicoptertothebestoftheirabilityandnotattempttoremainwithinthetolerancestothedetrimentofsmoothhandling.

Testtolerances-RefertoPART-FCLforchangestothisquickreferencetable

PROFILE LAPL&PPLSkillTests

CPLSkillTestIR,ATPLandalltypeor

classskilltestandproficiencychecks

AltitudeorHeight(infeet)

NormalFlight +/-150 +/-100 +/-100

Withsimulatedenginefailure/majoremergency +/-200PPLMEonly +/-150 +/-100

Startinggo-aroundatdecisionalt/ht +50/-0Minimumdescentaltitude/height +50/-0

TrackingOnradioaids +/-10 +/-5 +/-5°

Onradioaidswithsim.eng.fail. +/-15PPLMEonly

Precisionapproach halfscaledeflectionazimuthandglidepath

HeadingAllenginesoperating +/-10 +/-10 +/-5

Withsimulatedenginefailure +/-15PPL(ME)only +/-15 +/-10

Speeds(inknots)Take-offandapproach +15/-5 +/-5 +5/-0Climb,cruiseanddescent +/-15 +/-10

Withsimulatedenginefailure +15/-5 +10/-5 +10/-5

Quickreference:

Module5–TestTolerance(AeroplaneandHelicopter)

1Aeroplane




Testtolerances-RefertoPART-FCLforchangestothisquickreferencetable

PROFILE LAPL&PPLSkillTests

CPLSkillTest

IRSkillTestandallotherRatingissue,

RevalidationsandRenewals

AltitudeorHeight

NormalFlight ±150ft ±100ft ±100ftWithsimulatedmajoremergency ±200ft ±150ft ±100ftHoveringIGE ±2ft ±2ft ±2ftLimitedorpartialpanel ±200ft ±200ftStartinggo-aroundatdecisionalt/ht +50ft/-0ftMinimumdescentaltitude/height +50ft/-0ft`Notbelow'minima(fromFAFaltitudedowntoMDA/H)

-0ft

Circlingminima +100ft/-0ft

TrackingAtalltimeswhenusingasingleneedledisplay ±10°* ±10° +5°

Atalltimeswhenusingadeviationbardisplay Fullscaledeflection*

Fullscaledeflection

Halfscaledeflectionazimuthandglidepath(precisionapproach)

DMEarcing +1nm

HeadingNormalflight ±10°* ±10° +5°Withsimulatedmajoremergency ±15°* ±15° ±10°LimitedorPartialpanel ±15° ±15°

Speeds(inknots)

Take-offandapproach +15/-10kt Take-offandapproachmulti-engine ±5kt ±5ktAllotherflightregimes ±15kt ±10kt ±10ktLimitedorPartialPanel ±10ktWithsimulatedenginefailure +10/-5kt

GroundDrift(infeet)

TOhoverIGE ±3ft±3ft ±3ft

Landing Nosidewaysorbackwardsmovement

±2ft0ftrearwardorlateralflight

Quickreference:

2Helicopter




AguidetothestructureofthePPLskilltestforthetrainingoftheFEfortheLAPLandPPL.ThefollowingcommentsandinformationareofferedtoassisttheExaminertoconductathoroughflighttest.Thesesuggestionswillaidinmakingaccurateassessmentsoftheapplicant’sskillandknowledge.AllitemsoftheskilltestshouldbeperformedutilisingtheFlightTestStandardsofModule3/4andTolerancesofModule5.

EveryitemofeverysectionistobeassessedbytheFE.Someitemsmustbeassessedthroughadedicatedexercise,forinstance,item2.g.requiresanairwork.Otheritemsareassessedwithoutsettingaparticulardrillbecause:

1. theycanbeassessedthroughthenormalsituationsoftheflight.Forinstance,items2.c.(climbingturnsandlevelingoff)haveachancetobeobservablewithintheveryfirstminutesoftheflight.

2. theyareassessedthroughthewholeflight,oraportionofit.Forinstance,items2.aor3.h(ATCliaison)oritem3.bmaintainingaltitude,headingandspeed.

Module6–LALPandPrivatePilotLicense(AeroplaneandHelicopter)-LAPL/PPL(A/H)

1Foreword




Part-FCLreference

AMC1FCL.1220;FCL.125//AMC1FCL.125//AMC2FCL.125//AMC1FCL125;FCL.235//AMC2FCL.125;FCL.235

Whocantest:

FE,providedthattheyareindividuallyauthorisedforthisrole.Examinersshallnottestapplicantstowhomtheyhavegivenflightinstructionforthatlicense.WhenanattemptistakenastwoflightsbothpartsaretobeconductedbythesameExaminer.

Formused: NationalForms

2.1CheckofTheoreticalKnowledgeEnsurethatquestionsaskedarerelativetotheaeroplane/helicopterbeingusedfortheflighttest.

Aeroplane/HelicopterPerformance 1. TheapplicantmayusethePilotOperatingManualtodetermineinformationotherthanessentialperformancespeeds

listedintheflightteststandardsasmemoryitems.2. Recordtheanswersgiventoquestionsregardingthebestangleofclimbspeed,bestrateofclimbspeed,stallspeedin

the landing configuration and manoeuvring speed so that during the flight test the actual speeds flown in theappropriateexercisesmaybe compared.Questions relating to thePilotOperatingManual shouldbe “operational”questions, particularly if the conditionsof temperaturewind strengthetc. existing at the timeof flight test canbeutilised.

MassandBalance-Loading 1. Make this a practical exercise and relate themass and balance problem to the proposed cross-country flight. The

applicant should also be asked to correct an out of CG situation, and questioned to determine understanding ofextremeCGlocationsandtheresultingeffectonaeroplane/helicopterhandlingandperformance.

2. Shouldtherebeanydoubtwithregardtothecompletedmassandbalanceformpresentedbyanapplicant,thelevel

ofknowledgeshouldbedeterminedbythoroughquestioninginthisarea.

Quickreference:

2Aeroplane





Pre-FlightInspection Aftertheapplicanthascompletedthepre-flightinspectionafewquestionsrelatingtotheflighttestaeroplane/helicoptershouldbeasked.Forexample,theeffectofthecarburettorintakefiltersbeingblockedoritslocationand,subsequently,determiningwhethertheapplicantknowsthefunctionofallintakes,screensandfilters.

EngineStartingandRun-up.UseofBriefing/checklists 1. Checktoseeiftheapplicantusesthebriefing/checklistprovidedintheaeroplaneorhelicopter.IftheExaminerdoes

notagreewiththecontentofthebriefing/checklist,theapplicantshouldnotbepenalised.ThiswouldbeanitemfortheExaminertodiscusswiththetrainingunitorestablishment,andifnecessarytheHCAA.

2. ThecheckcarriedoutbyanapplicantshouldcoveratleasttheitemsmentionedintheappropriatePilotOperating

Handbook.Theapplicantshouldbequestionedatthistimetodeterminewhatactionwouldbetakenifthechecksrevealedaproblem,(e.g.excessivemagneto-drop,instrumentsnotindicatingwhenmixtureorcarburettorheatcontrols,etc.areselectedand/orreset).

3. Theapplicantisexpectedtoconducttheoralpassengersafetybriefingatthistime.

AncillaryControls Theapplicantshouldbeknowledgeableconcerningtheuseofthecarburettorheat,mixturecontrolandanyotherancillarycontrolsfittedtotheaeroplane/helicopterusedfortheflighttest.Leaningproceduresshouldbeexaminedduringtheflight,ortestedorally.Useofthemixturecontroltosmoothoutroughrunningfollowingtheapplicationandremovalofcarburettorheatinflightshouldbeassessedifsuchconditionsexist,orbeexaminedbyquestioning.

Taxiing Ifthetestisconductedunderzeroorlightwindconditions,itisappropriatethat,whiletaxiing,theapplicantbeaskedtodemonstratehowthecontrolsshouldbeheldundervaryingwindconditions,forexamplecrosswind,orawindblowingfromafrontorrearquarter.

SteepTurn Forthesteepturnrememberthattheapplicantisbeingassessedon4parameters:altitude,airspeed,andangleofbankandrecoveryheading.Therefore,yourrequestmustbespecificinallfourareastoavoidconfusion.Thereferencepointforresumingstraightflightshouldbenarrowbutprominent,andclearlyvisible.TheExaminermusttaketimetoensurethattheapplicanthasinmindthesamereferencepointinordertoavoidinaccurateassessment.

SlowFlight Theaimofthisexerciseistodeterminethattheapplicantcanestablishslowflight,controltheaeroplane/helicopterandreturntonormalairspeeds.Theapplicantmustbeabletosettheaeroplaneinslowflightandchangeheadingwithappropriateangleofbankandthenresumenormalflight,atalltimeskeepingcontrol(bank,speed,altitude,slip).Failuretopreventastallmustbeassessedasafail.

Stall TheExaminermustbeawareofthemanufacturer’srecommendationinthisregardforthetypeofaeroplanetobeusedontheflighttest.TheFCLrequirementisforastallwithaminimumlossofaltitude.

Take-off 1. ItissuggestedthattheExaminerdoesnotrequestaspecifictake-off;ratheritisrecommendedascenariobeusedso

thattheapplicantisrequiredtodecidewhatproceduretouse.2. AircraftconfigurationandairspeedsutilisedshouldbethosespecifiedinthePilotOperatingHandbook.




Circuit Ifpossible,itisrecommendedthatbothcontrolledanduncontrolledaerodromesbeusedduringthetestiftheyareconvenientlyavailableinordertocheckthattheappropriateproceduresarecorrectlyutilised.

ApproachandLanding Inassessingtheabilitytolandwithinapre-determinedtouchdownzoneitisnotintendedthatExaminersturnthisitemintoaspotlandingexercise,rathertheapplicant’sabilitytolandwithinaspecifiedportionoftherunwayistobeassessed.Theovershootwillbeassessedinconjunctionwiththisexercise.

SimulatedPrecautionaryLanding Whenrequestingthisexercisebespecificwhenoutliningthereasonsrequiringalanding;ifitisduetosimulatedweatherconditions,thenclearlyspecifythesimulatedceiling,visibility,etc.,anddonotalterthemduringtheprocedure.Remember,theaimoftheexerciseistocarryouttheproceduresforsafelandinginasuitableareaandprovidedtheprocedureusedisorganisedandlogicalandtheaircraftconfigurationisasstipulatedinthePilotOperatingHandbook,Examinersshouldnotbeadverselyinfluencediftheprocedurevariesslightlyfromtheirownprocedure.Ifasuitableaerodromeisavailable,itisdesirabletoasktheapplicanttocarrytheapproachthroughtoalanding.ThiswillenabletheExaminertoassessabilitytocarryoutashortorsoftfieldlandingwiththisexercise.

SimulatedForcedLanding Theenginefailurewillbesimulatedinaccordancewiththemethodrecommendedbythemanufacturer.Enginefailureshouldbesimulatedfromsufficientheight(seealsolimitationsforcheckflightsinmodule2)topermittheapplicanttimetoclearlydemonstratehisknowledgeofproceduresandskill.ThepracticeshouldbegivenwithoutadvancewarningfromtheExaminer,however,theExaminershouldensurethatsomechoiceoflandingareaexistswithinthefieldofvisionoftheapplicantandwithinglidingrangeoftheaircraft.Providedtheaimoftheexerciseisaccomplishedinanorganisedmanner,theExaminershouldnotbeadverselyinfluencediftheprocedureusedvariesslightlyfromtheExaminer’sownprocedure.TheExaminerwilltakecareoftheengineduringthedescentsoastoensuresafetyinthegoaround.Thepracticeofleavingsomepoweronandachievinganormaldescentangleandairspeedbyusingflapisacceptable.Examinersshoulddeterminetheapplicant’sintentionwithregardtotheproceduretobeusedduringthisexerciseduringthepre-flightbriefing.




2.3EnrouteNavigation

Pre-FlightPlanningProcedures Thissectionclarifiesthedescriptionofwhatisexpectedoftheapplicant,andtheAcceptablePerformancehasbeenamendedanditemisedratherthanjustashortglobalstatementofthecriteria.Theapplicantshall:

1. Selectasafeandefficientroutecomplyingwithair-regulation.2. ObtainandinterpretweatherandNOTAMinformation3. Determinetheappropriatedepartureprocedure4. Determinetheacceptabilityofthedepartureanddestinationrunwaysunderexistingorforecast

conditionsWhenassigningtheroute,Examinersshouldtrytoselectadestinationthatwillprovidetheapplicantwithsuitableterrainandsufficienten-routecheckpoints.Theapplicant’scompletedcalculationsshouldbeverifiedforaccuracy.

DepartureProcedure Applicantsarenotrestrictedtojustonemethodofdeparture.Theyhavetheoptionofdeterminingtheappropriatedepartureproceduretouseforthegivenlocation.Theassessmentshouldbebasedonabilitytoadapttothenewcircumstancesandthemannerinwhichdepartureprocedureisaltered.

EnrouteProcedure Withrespecttotime,ifnosuitablecheckpointsareavailable,extratimeshouldbeallowedtoenabletheapplicanttodetermineifatrackerrorexists.Properselectionoftheassignedrouteshouldpreventthissituation.

DiversiontoanAlternate WhenExaminerschoosetocarryoutthediversionafteraseriesofotherflighttestmanoeuvres,theExaminermustallowtime,andifrequired,beofsomeassistancewhiletheapplicantarrangesthechartanddeterminestheirexactlocation.FollowingthisproceduretheExaminerwillrequestthediversion.Itwillnotalwaysbefeasibletotestthediversionatlowlevel,butwhenExaminersdothetestinthismannertheymustconsiderthefollowing:

1. Regulations,builtupareas,etc.2. Safetyconsiderations,suitabilityofthearea,altitude,obstructions3. “Annoyance”topeopleorlivestock,and4. Examinersshallnotusethisexercisetosettheapplicantupfora

contraventionoftheregulations.Whentestedatlowlevel(reasonableheight)theselecteddestinationshouldnotrequiretheapplicanttoover-flypopulatedareasen-route.Rememberthisisnotatestofpurenavigationalskillsbutanassessmentofabilitytoproceedtoanalternateusingmentaldeadreckoningandnaturalgeographicfeaturessuchasroads,railwaytracksetc.,iftheyareavailable.Rulers,protractors,andcomputersshallnotbeusedforthisprocedure.Withrespecttotheestimatedtimeofarrival,andtheactualtimeofarrivalatthealternate,nohardnumbershavebeenestablishedasacriterion.Examinersmayacceptanestimatedtimeofarrivalforthisexercisewhichisreasonable,andwhichwouldensurethatthediversioncouldbeconductedasplanned.




InstrumentFlyingandUseofRadioNavigationAids Theapplicantwillperformabasicinstrumentcheck(180°turninsimulatedIMC).

EmergencyProcedures 1. IftheflighttestaeroplaneisonewithwhichtheExaminerisnotthoroughlyfamiliarthePilotOperatingHandbook

shouldbestudiedbeforeaskingtheapplicanttodemonstratetheabilitytodealwithvarioussimulatedemergencies.2. Itisnotintendedthatallpossibleemergencyproceduresbeassessedwitheachandeveryapplicant.TheExaminer

shouldrequesttwoemergencyproceduresinthetestingofthisexercise,onewhileairborneandtheotherwiththeaeroplaneontheground.Examinershouldusearandomsamplingsystem,varyingtheemergencyproceduresrequestedtopreventtheExaminersflighttestfrombecomingknowntotheapplicants,andtoensureallsystemsandemergencyprocedureshavebeencoveredintraining.

3. OnemethodfoundveryeffectivebymanyExaminers,andone,whichyoumaywishtousewhenassessingtheemergencyontheground,istoassessthisexerciseeitherpriortoenginestart-uporuponreturningtotheapron,whentheengineisshutdown.Withcontrolsinthenormalshutdownposition,theExaminerplacesthethrottle,mixture,relatedswitches,andthevariousancillarycontrolsetc.,inthepositiontheywouldnormallybeforanenginerunningatcruisepower.TheExaminerwillthendescribetotheapplicantanemergencysituationsuchasanenginefire.TheExaminermaythenmakeanassessmentbasedonhowtheapplicantactuallypositionstheappropriatecontrols,switchesorvalvesassociatedwiththedrillratherthanassessingonlyaverbalstatementofhowthingsshouldbedone.Utilisingthismethodshouldprecludeanapplicantfromreceivingafavourableassessmentbasedontheabilitytoreciteanemergencydrillwhentheyinfacthavenounderstandingorappreciationoftheactionthedrillrequires.

4. Examinershouldnotcompoundtherequestedemergencies,norrequestsomanythatitbecomesanexerciseinenduranceuptoapointthatproceduresareneglectedorperformedincorrectly.

RadioCommunications 1. ThedemonstrationofcorrectradioproceduresthroughoutthewholeflightrequirestheExaminertomakethe

assessmentofthisexerciseonlywhentheflighthasbeencompleted.2. Assessmentistobebasedupontheapplicant’sabilitytouseproperradioprocedures,respondtoandactuponATC

clearancesandinstructionsandobtainweatherinformationandupdateotherflightrelateddata.Wherenecessary,thisexercisecanbesimulatedbytheExamineriftheflighttestisnotconductednearanATCfacility.IfrequiredtheExaminercanassessmuchofthisexerciseontheground.Theuseofapracticalscenarioisanexcellentmethodtolettheapplicantmakethedecisionastowhichradiocommunicationservicestoemploy.




Quickreference:

LAPL/PPL(H)SKILLTESTEASAReference:

PartFCLSubpartA&AMC2.FCL.125(LAPL)SubpartB&AMC.FCL.110H(PPL)AMC2FCL.235(ContentofSkillTest)

Whocantest:

FE(LAPL)-LAPLonly,FE(PPL),FE(CPL).TheStaffFEistonominateanExaminerforthethirdandsubsequentSeries.

• Whenanattemptistakenastwoflightsboththeen-routeprocedureandgeneralhandlingaretobeconductedbythesameExaminer.

Formused: NationalForm

Testformat:

SkillTestasdescribedinAMC2.FCL235.ThetestmaybeconductedintwopartsonthesamedaybythesameExaminer.Ifthetestisunabletobecompleted,thetestformshallbemarked'incomplete'.IftheincompletetestiscompletedonasubsequentdatethenanewExaminersreportformshallbeused.

Notes:

Training• ApplicantsmusthavecompletedtherelevantsyllabusoftrainingasprescribedbyPartFCLand

presentevidenceofcompletionofallthetrainingandarecommendationfromtheATOforthetest.

• IfthePPLtestistobeconductedonaMulti-EngineaircraftthenapplicantsmustcomplywiththeClass/typeratingrequirementsforMEaircraftatPartFCLSubpartH.

Validity: Skilltestmustbestartedwithin6monthsofcompletingflightinstructionandsubsequenttestsmustbecompletedwithin6monthsofthefirstattempt.

3Helicopter








AguidefortheExaminerontheskilltestfortheCPL(A)andCPL(H).

AllitemsoftheskilltestshouldbeperformedutilisingtheFlightTestStandardsofModule3/4andTolerancesofModule5.

Quickreference:

Part-FCLreference

Appendix4toPART-FCL

Whocantest:

FEprovidedthattheyareindividuallyauthorisedforthisrole

Examinersshallnottestapplicantstowhomtheyhavegivenflightinstructionforthatlicense.

WhenanattemptistakenastwoflightsbothpartsaretobeconductedbythesameExaminer.


GeneralNote

InsituationswhentheExaminerdoesnotoccupyapilotseatheisresponsibleforbriefingthesafetypilot(PilotinCommand)onhisdutiesthroughoutthetest.

Applicantswillbeassessedonallaspectsoftheaeroplaneoperation.Soundbasicandhandlingskillsareessentialaswellasairmanship,navigation,instrumentflying,correctR/Tphraseology,cockpitandoverallflightmanagement.TheExaminermayelecttoevaluatecertainaspectsbyoralquestioning.

TheCPLSkillTestisdividedintosixmainsections.Section1 Pre-flightoperationsanddepartureSection2 GeneralAirworkSection3 En-routeproceduresSection4 ApproachandlandingproceduresSection5 AbnormalandemergencyproceduresSection6 Simulatedasymmetricflightandrelevantclass/typeitems

Allsectionsofthetestaretobecompletedinthecourseofoneflight.ThesequenceofsectionsmayvarydependingoncircumstancesandtheExaminer’sbriefingwillincludetheexpectedprofile.Examinersareresponsibleforensuringanefficienttestbutapplicantsmustremainadaptable,particularlyifweatherconditions,ATC'slot'timesetc.,subsequentlydictateadifferentscenarioduringtheflight.

GM1FCL.1015requiresthatthedurationoftheflightistobeatleast90minutes.Section3normallytakesabout1hourand15minutes,andSections2and4combinedabout1hour.Section5maybecombined,atthediscretionoftheExaminer,withSections1through4,andSection6,whereapplicable,maybecombinedwithSection1through5.

Thewholetestcould,therefore,takeupto2hoursand30minutes.

TheCPLSkillTestisverydemanding.Itisappreciatedthateventhemost'professional'or'talented'pilotscanmakemistakes.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatafailureshouldresult.

Thefollowingnotesreflectthestyleandsequenceofthebriefingthattheapplicantmayexpecttohear.However,theExaminermaymakevariationsinthedeliveryofthebriefingandmayhavetomodifythesequenceinwhichitemsarebriefedandflown.Frompre-flighttopost-flighttheapplicantwillbeassessedonhisgeneralflightmanagementandflyingskills.

1.1General

1Aeroplane

Module7–CommercialPilotLicense–CPL(A/H)





Theapplicantwillbeexpectedtocarryoutasafeandpracticalinspectionoftheaeroplanepriortoflight,andmustbeawareoftheservicingoperationsthatheisentitledtocarryoutontheaeroplane.Theapplicantwillbeexpectedtoproceedwiththechecksatapracticalpaceandwithreferencetothechecklist.WherevisualchecksaremadetheseshouldbedescribedtotheExamineronlyifrequested.Pre-flightchecksoftheradioandnavigationequipmentshouldincludealltheequipment,whichtheapplicantproposestouseduringtheflight.TheExaminermustbebriefed,asapassenger,onthepositionandmethodoftheuseofemergencyexits,safetybelts,safetyharnesses,oxygenequipment,lifejackets,andallotherdevicesintendedforusebypassengersinthecaseofemergency.TheapplicantmustinstructtheExaminerontheactionsheshouldtakeintheeventofanemergency.PassengerbriefingcardsareacceptablebuttheExaminermayaskquestions.

TheapplicantmustbepreparedtodealwithactualorsimulatedAbnormalorEmergencyOperationsatanystage.TheExaminermaysimulate,forexample,anenginefireduringstartup.

Theapplicantisexpectedtotakeaccountofallfactorsthatmayaffectasafetake-offanddeparture.

ThedepartureperformedshallcomplywithanyinstructionsgivenbyATC.

ThroughoutthissectiontheExaminerwillberesponsiblefornavigationandATCliaison,buttheapplicantwillalsoberesponsibleforlookoutandcollisionavoidance(exceptwhenIMCissimulated).Thefollowingitemswillbeassessedinthevisualandinstrumentsub-sectionsofSection2.

VisualAirwork

Controloftheaeroplanebyexternalvisualreferenceincluding:1. Straightandlevelflightatvariousairspeedsandconfigurations.Climbinganddescendingat

variousspeedsandrateswhichmayincludebestangle(Vx)andbestrate(Vy).2. Flightatcriticallylowairspeedsandslowflightmanoeuvres.3. Turns,includingturnsinlandingconfiguration;levelsteepturnsatnotlessthan45°bank;

steepturnsincleanconfiguration.4. Flightatcriticallyhighairspeeds(approachingVNE)andrecognitionof,andrecoveryfrom,

spiraldives.Thesemanoeuvresareoftencombined;theExaminermayputtheaeroplaneintoasteepdiveoraspiraldivewithspeedincreasingrapidlyandhandcontroltotheapplicanttoinitiateappropriaterecoveryactioneithertostraightandlevelflightorintoaclimb.

5. Recognitionandrecoveryfromstalls:Theapplicantshouldrecoveratthefirstsymptomoftheapproachingstall.Allrecoveriesshallbemadewiththeminimumlossofheightandreturningtoacleanclimb,wingslevel.

InstrumentAirwork Controloftheaeroplanebysolereferencetoinstrumentsincluding:

FullPanelLevelflightinthecruiseconfiguration.Levelturnsatrateoneorbankanglesupto30°.Climbinganddescendingturnsatgivenratesandspeeds.

LimitedPanel1. Flightreferencebyturnandslip/turncoordinatorindicator,standbycompassandperformanceinstrumentsonly2. Straightandlevelflightatgivenspeeds.3. Levelturnsontogivenheadingsatrateoneusingtimedorcompassturns.4. ClimbandDescendatcruisespeedinstraightflight.5. Recoveryfromunusualattitudes.(Recoveryshouldbemadetotrimmedstraightandlevelflightwithminimum

lossofheight).

Section1

Section2




Section3isusuallyflownafterDeparturetoensureanefficientflowtotheflight.DuringthissectionoftheflighttheaeroplaneisassumedtobeonapassengercarryingoperationunderVisualFlightRules.Whentheaeroplanehasachievedcruisingaltitudeandisonheadingfortheturningpoint,theapplicantshouldconfirmtotheExaminertheheading,altitude,andETA,thereafteradvisinganychanges,(forexample,"2minuteslateatmyhalfwaypoint-therevisedETAisnow..."etc).CorrectionstoheadingorETAshallbecalculatedratherthanbasedontrackcrawling,impulseorinspiration.Theapplicantisexpectedtonavigatebyvisualpositioninginapracticalway,nottofeaturecrawl.Numerousheadingoraltitudechangesthataretheresultofpoorflyingmayconstituteafailinthissection.TheapplicantisexpectedtomakechangestohisheadingandETAinordertocorrectdeviationsfromhisplan.Radionavigationaidsmaynotbeusedduringonelegoftheen-routesection.Inordertoassessapplicantsabilitytonavigatebyvisualreference;Atsomestagetheapplicantwillbeinstructedtocarryoutadiversionfromhisplannedtracktoanalternativelocation.Thisisnotanemergencyprocedure.Aprominentlocationwillbepin-pointedontheapplicant’schart.Theapplicantmaybeaskedtocommencethediversionatorbeforeaplannedturningpoint.Theapplicantshouldnominatehisheading,altitudeandETAforthediversion.AtsomestagetheExaminerwillsimulatepoorweatherbysimulatingIMC.Theapplicantshouldtakeappropriateactiontoestablishsafeflight.DuringthetimeundersimulatedIMCtheapplicantshouldcontinuetonavigateandestablishtheaeroplane'sgeographicalpositionbyusingradionavigationtechniques.TheinformationmayonlybeobtainedbyVOR,DME,orADF,GPSshouldnotbeusedasaprimarynavigationaid.WhentheExaminerdecidestoreturntoVMCtheapplicantwillbeexpectedtofixhispositionvisuallyandcontinuetonavigatetothediversionpointusingvisualandradioaidsfixingasrequired.GPS(rawdatalatitudeandlongitudeonly)andRNAVmaybeusedasaidstovisualnavigation.Demonstrationofradioaidtrackingwillberequiredatsomestage;theExaminerwilldecidewhentoaskforthisexercisetoensureefficientuseoftimeandairspacethisexercisesmaybecombinedwithanothersection.HewillnominatetheNDBorVORtobeusedandthetracktobeintercepted.Throughoutthissectiontheapplicantwillbeexpectedtodemonstrateasatisfactorystandardofflight.

ThissectionmaybeflownatthebaseaerodromeoratanalternateaerodromenominatedbytheExaminerbeforeflight.Applicantswillbeexpectedtocarryoutasafeandexpeditiousjointothecircuit.Thisinvolvesentrytothemostconvenientpointinthecircuitwiththeaeroplaneintheappropriateconfigurationandatthecorrectspeed.Applicantswillbeexpectedtocarryoutanumberofapproachesandlandings(usually‘touchandgo’landings)involvingthefollowing:NormallandingCrosswindlanding(whenpractical)

1. Goaroundfromalowheight/altitude2. ShortfieldorPerformancelanding.Thismaybecombinedwithasimulatedbadvisibility/lowlevelcircuit.In

ordertoassessthisexercisetheExaminermaylimittheamountofrunwayavailable.3. Approachandlandingwithidlepower(SEonly).TheExaminermaylimittheamountofrunwayavailable.4. Approachandlandingwithouttheuseofflaps5. Postflightaction.Theapplicantwillberesponsiblefortaxyingandparking,afterlandingandshutdown

checksandthecompletionofaeroplanedocumentation.ThroughoutthissectiontheapplicantisalsoresponsibleforATCliaison,altimetryandlookout.

Section3

Section4




TheitemsofthissectionmaybecombinedwithSections1through4.TheExaminerwillsimulateanabnormaloremergencysituation;theapplicantisexpectedtocarryouttheappropriateemergencyactionsbytouchdrillsonly.Emergencyradiocallsshouldbemadealoudbutnottransmitted.ApplicantsshouldnotassumethatanysimulatedemergencyiscompleteuntiltoldbytheExaminer.

ApplicantsattemptingtheSkillTestinamulti-engineaeroplane(notcentre-linethrust)willbeexpectedtoflytheexercisesinSection6.Atasafeheightaftertake-offtheExaminerwillsimulateanenginefailurebyclosingoneofthethrottles.Theapplicantwillbeexpectedtoretaincontroloftheaeroplane,identifythe‘failed’engineandcarryoutthe appropriate engine shut down and propeller feathering proceduresusing touch drills. On completion of thesedrills, because the applicant’s actions would have resulted in the engine security and propeller pitch being set asrequired, the Examiner or the safety pilot will be responsible for setting zero thrust and themanagement of the(simulated)failedengine.Thissectionmay,atthediscretionoftheExaminer,becombinedwithSections1through5oftheflight.

FlightSimulatororFlight&NavigationProceduretrainerThefollowingitemsmaybeperformedinanFNPTIIorFFS:

1. Airwork(Section2)-itemscande(iv)2. AbnormalandEmergencyProcedures(Section5)-allitems3. SimulatedAsymmetricFlying(Section6)-allitems

ThesimulatororFNPTIImustbeapprovedforthepurposeandofthesameaeroplanetype/classasusedfortheremainderoftheskilltest.

Section5

Section6




CPL(H)SKILLTESTEASAreference:

PartFCLSubpartDandAppendix4

Whocantest:

FE(CPL)TheStaffFEistonominateanExaminerforthethirdandsubsequentSeries.Whenanattemptistakenastwoflightsboththeen-routeprocedureandgeneralhandlingaretobeconductedbythesameExaminer.

Testformat:

• SkillTestasdescribedinApp.4toPART-FCL.ThetestmaybeconductedintwopartsonthesamedaybythesameExaminer.Ifthetestisunabletobecompleted,thetestformshallbemarked'incomplete'.IftheincompletetestiscompletedonasubsequentdatethenanewExaminersreportformshallbeused.

• IftheapplicantdoesnotalreadyholdtheratingthentheTKoralquestionsforSEHtyperatingsarerequiredtobeassessedandrecorded(seeRatingSkillTestTable/Briefing).

Notes:

Training• ApplicantsmusthavecompletedtherelevantsyllabusoftrainingasprescribedbyPartFCL

andpresentevidenceofcompletionofallthetrainingandarecommendationfromtheATOforthetest.

• IfthetestistobeconductedonaMulti-EngineaircraftthenapplicantsmustcomplywiththeClass/typeratingrequirementsforMEaircraftatPartFCLSubpartH.

Validity: Allrelevantsectionsofthetestmustbecompletedwithin6months.

2Helicopter








AguidetothestructureoftheIRskilltestfortheIREandproficiencychecksfortheIREandCRE.AllitemsoftheskilltestshouldbeperformedutilisingtheFlightTestStandardsofModule3/4andTolerancesofModule5.

Quickreference:

Table4A IRSKILLTESTPart-FCLreference

Appendix7toPart-FCL

Whocantest: IRE(anIREorsuitablyauthorisedCREmayconducttheIRrevalidationorrenewalproficiencycheck)


1.1GeneralTheskilltestandproficiencycheckwillbeperformedaccordingAppendix6toPart-FCL

Theskilltestformisdividedintosixsections:

Section1 Pre-flightoperationsanddepartureSection2 GeneralhandlingSection3 En-routeproceduresSection4 PrecisionapproachproceduresSection5 Non-precisionapproachproceduresSection6 Simulatedasymmetricflight(ifapplicable)

1Aeroplane

Module8–InstrumentRating–IR(AeroplaneandHelicopter)




1.2ConductofTest/CheckGM1FCL.1015

Thedurationoftheflightshallbeatleastonehour. Thedurationofthetotaltest/checkmightbeatleast3hours.Allsectionsofthetest/checkaretobecompletedinthecourseoftheflight.Thesequenceofthesectionsmayvary,dependingofthecircumstancesandthebriefingoftheExaminer.

TheAeroplaneTheaeroplanefortheIR-Skilltests/Proficiencychecksshallbesuitablyequippedtosimulateinstrumentmeteorologicalconditionsandsuitablyequippedforinstrumentflighttraining.

ThecompositionoftheflightcrewandroleoftheExaminer/SafetyPilotAnapplicantshallflytheaeroplane/helicopterfromapositionwherethepilot-in-commandfunctionscanbeperformedandcarryoutthetestasiftherewasnoothercrewmember.TheFEshalltakenopartintheoperationoftheaeroplane/helicopter,exceptwheninterventionisnecessaryintheinterestofsafetyortoavoidunacceptabledelayofothertraffic.WhenevertheExamineroranotherpilotfunctionsasaco-pilotduringthetest,theprivilegesoftheinstrumentratingwillberestrictedtomulti-pilotoperations.Thisrestrictionmayberemovedbytheapplicantcarryingoutanotherinitialinstrumentratingskilltestactingasiftherewasnoothercrewmemberonasingle-pilotaeroplane/helicopter.ThefinalresponsibilityfortheflightrestswiththePIC.Theminimumflightcrewnecessaryfortheconductofskilltestsconductedassinglepilotoperationsmustcompriseoftheapplicant,theExaminerand,ifapplicable,asafetypilot.TheapplicantshallflytheaeroplaneandwillbeactingasthePilotinCommand.Ifasafetypilotisrequiredhe/shewillbeaninstructorwhoisqualifiedtoactasPilotinCommandontheaeroplanetypeorclassbeingusedforthetestandwillberesponsibleasthePilotinCommandforthesafetyandgeneraloperationoftheaeroplane.However,thefinalresponsibilityfortheflightrestswiththePIC.

TheBriefingsThePre-flightbriefingshouldbeaccordingtoModule2ofthisFEM.IftheExaminerwillnotoccupyapilotseatduringthetest/checkhemustensurethatthesafetypilotisbriefedontherequiredmethodsof:

1. simulationofinstrumentconditions2. simulationofanenginefailure3. removalofradioaidinformationwhenrequired4. actionstotakeincaseofanactualemergency5. useoftheradioifrequiredtoperformthetest6. anyotheritemtobedeterminedbytheExaminer

Thede-briefingandtheassessmentofthetestwillbeaccordingtoModule2ofthisFEM.

TheSkillTestTheflighttestitemsoftheSkillTest/ProficiencycheckhastobeperformedaccordingtotheFlightTestStandardsinModule3.

TestTolerancesTheTestTolerancesofModule5areusedthroughoutthewholeflighttest.However,asthecircumstancesofeachtest/checkconductedbyanExaminermayvary,itisalsoimportantthatanExaminer’stest/checkassessmenttakesintoaccountanyadversecondition(s)encounteredduringthetest/check.




IR(H)SKILLTESTEASAreference: PartFCLSubpartGandAppendix7

Whocantest:

StaffIREorIREnominatedbyHCAALicensingSection.TheStaffFEistonominateanExaminerforthethirdandsubsequentSeries.

Testformat:CompletethescheduleshownontheforminAppendix7toPART-FCL

Notes:

TrainingApplicantsmusthavecompletedtherelevantsyllabusoftrainingasprescribedbyPartFCLandpresentevidenceofcompletionofallthetrainingandarecommendationfromtheATOforthetest.

IR(H)REVALIDATION/RENEWALEASAreference: PartFCLSubpartHandAppendix9

Revalidation:

12monthsvalidityTherevalidationmaybeflownwithin3monthsoftheduedate,thenewvaliditybeing12monthsfromtheendofthemonthofthatduedate.WhentherevalidationisflownaspartofaproficiencycheckthentheIRwillbevalidforthesameperiodasthetyperating.

Whocantest:

TRE,IRETheStaffFEistonominateanExaminerforthethirdandsubsequentSeries.


Formguidance:

• Countersignapplicant'slogbookasPICundersupervisionafterasuccessfultest.Iftestfailedapplicantrecordsasadual.

• Checkapplicantsapplicationformandentertestdetails.Testformat:

Quickreference:

2Helicopter








AguidetothestructureoftheskilltestforratingissueandtherevalidationproficiencycheckfortheFE,TRE,CREandSFE.AllitemsoftheproficiencychecktestshouldbeperformedutilisingtheFlightTestStandardsofModule3/4andTolerancesofModule5.

Part-FCLreference Appendix9toPart-FCL

Whocantest: TRE,CRE,SFE,FEforSPclass/typerating,exceptforSPhighperformancecomplexaeroplanes


ConductofTest/CheckSPA

Appendix9toPart-FCLCONTENTOFTHETRAINING,SKILLTEST/PROFICIENCYCHECK

4. UnlessotherwisedeterminedintheoperationalsuitabilitydataestablishedinaccordancewithPart-21,thesyllabusofflightinstructionshallcomplywiththisAppendix.Thesyllabusmaybereducedtogivecreditforpreviousexperienceonsimilaraircrafttypes,asdeterminedintheoperationalsuitabilitydataestablishedinaccordancewithPart-21.

5. ExceptinthecaseofskilltestsfortheissueofanATPL,whensodefinedintheoperationalsuitabilitydataestablishedinaccordancewithPart-21forthespecifictype,creditmaybegivenforskilltestitemscommontoothertypesorvariantswherethepilotisqualified.

Expandedguidance Profilesaretobeplannedtomakeefficientuseoftimeandairspace.Thetestandcheckprofilesarenotdissimilartothoseusedforinitialskilltests(PPL,CPLandIR).However,theExaminershouldavoidwastingflighttimebeyondthatrequiredfortheapplicanttodisplaytherequiredskillsandshouldgenerallyexpecttobeabletoapplyapracticalapproachtothetest.Therequirementofskillstestsisfortheapplicanttodemonstratehisknowledgeandhandlingofproceduresinanewenvironment.Proficiencychecksshoulddisplaythepracticalexperienceoftheapplicantwithhisperformanceoftherequireditemsassessedagainstsafestandardsofaeroplanehandlingandflightmanagement.Teststandardsforeachitemoftest/checkareshownatModule3.TheaccuracytolerancesareshownatModule5.

GM1FCL.1015AnExaminershouldplanatest/checkflightsothattheflighttimeinanaeroplaneorgroundtimeinanapprovedSTDisnotlessthan60minutes.

SyntheticTrainingDevices(STDs) ItemswhichmaybetrainedandtestedinanSTDareidentifiedinPART-FCLrequirements.STDsusedaretohavebeenapprovedforthepurposebytheAuthority.ThedevicecanbeidentifiedbytheExaminerthroughitscertificate,auniqueauthorisationnumberandvalidity.

MPA MPAandSPHighPerformanceComplexAeroplanesskilltestandproficiencychecktheprofilesmaybeconductedusingtheguidanceinModule10.

Quickreference:

1Aeroplane

Module9–TypeandClassRating(AeroplaneandHelicopter)




SPH/MPHTYPESKILLTESTEASAReference: PartFCLSubpartHandAppendix9

WhoCanTest:

FECPL(H),FEPPL(H),TRE(H)asauthorised.FollowingfailureofthesecondseriesnotifytheStaffFE.TheStaffFEistonominateanExaminerforthethirdandsubsequentSeries.

FormUsed:NationalFormTestFormat:

• NotetheExaminerisrequiredtoexercisejudgmentinconductingthetest/checkgivenparticularcircumstancesoraircrafttypes.Thenon-mandatoryitemsontheformgivetheExaminerroomtoadjusttheflighttesttosuitoperationalconditionsorhelicoptertype.Thoseitemsthatarenotlabeled'M'(formandatory)donotmeanthattheitemmustalwaysbeignored.Itisnotsatisfactorysimplytoflythebasicminimumprofile,withoutassessingthepilot'sabilitytooperatethoseaircraftsystemsthatarenecessaryforthesafeoperationoftheaircrafttype,inbothnormalandabnormalconditions.

• IfthetestistobecompletedonaSHE,theExaminerisrequiredtoconductanoralTKtestforwhichtheapplicantrequires75%topass.

Notes: Training• ApplicantsmusthavecompletedtherelevantsyllabusoftrainingasprescribedbyPart

FCLandpresentevidenceofcompletionofallthetrainingandarecommendationfromtheATOforthetest.

• IfthetestistobeconductedforafirstMEHtype,thenapplicantsmustmeettherequirementsofEASAFCL720.H.

RevalidatebyExperience:ApilotwhosuccessfullycompletesanLSTforanadditionaltypecanachieverevalidationforothertypesinaccordancewithbelow:SEPTypesaslistedinAMC1FCL.740.H(a)(3)mayberevalidatedbyconductingthecheck/testononeoftheapplicabletypes,providedtheapplicanthascompletedatleast2hoursasPICinthevalidityperiodoneachoftheothertypestoberevalidated.SETTypesofamaximumAUMof3175kgmayberevalidatedbyconductingthecheck/testononeoftheapplicabletypesheld,providedtheapplicanthas:

(i)Completedatleast300hoursasPICofhelicopters;and(ii)Completed15hoursoneachofthetypesheld;(iii)Completedatleast2hoursasPICflighttimeoneachoftheothertype(s)duringthevalidityperiod.

Notes:

(i)TheExaminershallensurethatthereisarotationoftypestestedon.(ii)thelicenseendorsementforthetyperatingsrevalidatedbyexperienceshallshowEXPinthedateoftestandthesamevalidityexpirydateasthatonwhichtheLPCwascompleted.

Quickreference:

2Helicopters




SPH/MPHTYPE/IRPROFICIENCYCHECKREVALIDATION/RENEWALEASAReference: Part-FCLSubpartHandAppendix9

WhoCanTest:

FECPL(H),FEPPL(H),TRE(H)asauthorized.TheStaffFEistonominateanExaminerforthethirdandsubsequentSeries.

FormUsed:NationalFormTestFormat:

Note:TheExaminerisrequiredtoexercisejudgmentinconductingthetest/checkgivenparticularcircumstancesoraircrafttypes.Thenon-mandatoryitemsontheformgivetheExaminerroomtoadjusttheflighttesttosuitoperationalconditionsorhelicoptertype.Thoseitemsthatarenotlabeled'M'(formandatory)donotmeanthattheitemmustalwaysbeignored.ltisnotsatisfactorysimplytoflythebasicminimumprofile,withoutassessingthepilot'sabilitytooperatethoseaircraftsystemsthatarenecessaryforthesafeoperationoftheaircrafttype,inbothnormalandabnormalconditions.

Notes: RevalidationAproficiencycheckscanbeflownupto3monthsbeforetheexpirydatewithnolosstotheoriginalexpirydate,providedthecandidatehascompleted2hoursasapilot(whichmayincludethedurationoftheLPC)havebeencompletedonthetypeinthe12monthsprecedingtheexpiry.ThelicensecanbesignedbytheFEtotheendofthecalendarmonthforthenewexpirydate.RenewalForarenewaltheapplicanthastopresenttotheExaminerwithacertificatefromanATOtoverifywhetherrefreshertrainingwasrequiredandthetrainingcompleted(notetheATOassessmentcertificateisrequiredevenifrefreshertrainingwasnotrequired).AMC1FCL.740(b)(1)statesrefreshertrainingrequirementsas<3monthsnotrainingrequired.>3months<1yearmin2trainingsessions>1year<3yearsmin3trainingsessions>3yearscompleteanaddtypecourseTheExaminermayonlysigntheapplicantslicenseiftherenewalis<3yearsaftertheexpirydateandiftheratingappearsofthefrontpageofthelicense(typeslistedinitemXII,ratings,certificatesandprivileges)andintheCofRsection.ToRevalidatebyExperience:SeeSPH/MPHTYPESKILLTESTIRApplicantswithavalidIR(H)onthetypeshouldrevalidatetheirIR(H)privilegesaspartofthecheck,however,iftheIR(H)hastobeassessedseparatelyduetoweather,itmaybeflownonaseparateflightwithintherevalidationperiodandbothflightsshouldbesignedoffatthesametime.




MPH/IR(H)–InitialissueskilltestconductedonMP(H)Part-FCLreference Appendix9toPart-FCL

Whocantest: TRE(H).Formused: NationalFormsTestformat: ThetestisconductedinasimilarmannertotheIR(H)skilltestconductedasSPH.

Thefollowingconsiderationsarerequired(alsoseeunderNotes);• Thepre-flightbriefingistobeattendedbyallflightcrewmembers• Thebriefingmustspecifythatthesafetypilotwillnotexercisejudgementdecisionsorpre-emptP1requirements.TheP1istocallforallchecksandequipmentset-up.

Thefollowingitemsaretobedecidedpre-flight:

• Themethodforsimulatingenginefailure.• Themethodofscreeningandlimitedpanelpractice.• Itemswhichforsafetyreasonscannotbeconductedinflightwhichmaybechecked

bytheExaminerbyoralquestioning• AnyminimathattheP1issubjecttobytheaeroplaneoperator.

Notes: UnlesstheExaminerisratedonthetypeheshallnottaketheco-pilotseatunlessspecificallyauthorisedbytheAuthority.ThesafetypilotistobequalifiedasaTRI(H)orequivalentandistoactasbothlookoutandsafetypilot.

Revalidation: IR(H)isvalidonlyforhelicoptertypeonwhichtheskilltestiscompleted.MPHtyperatingandMPHIR(H)isnotvalidforSPHroleontypeandvice-versa.Iftheratinglapsesbymorethan5yearsitshallberenewedbyMPHIR(H)renewalbyanExamineroftheauthorityandbyskilltest.Iftheratinglapsesbymorethan7yearstheentireIR(H)SkillTestandtheIRTheoreticalknowledgeexamsshallbecompletedagain.

SPHTYPERATINGLICENSESKILLTESTPart-FCLreference PART-FCLSubpartFAppendix3toPART-FCL.240

Formused: NationalFormsWhocantest: AuthorityE(H)-SEH/MEH,FE(H)-PPLSEH,TRE(H)-SEH/MEH

Notes:

TrainingIfthetestistobeconductedonaMulti-Enginehelicopterthenapplicantsmusthave70hrsPIChelicoptersandhavecompletedthePART-FCLspecifiedtyperatingrequirements.TheapplicantsmustalsohavepassedawrittentestsetbytheATOandapprovedbytheAuthority,onthehelicoptertype(75%passmark).TestingApplicantsnotwishingtorevalidateanIR(H)shallomitthisSection.




SPHTYPERATINGPROFICIENCYCHECKPart-FCLreference Appendix3toPART-FCL.240

Period: 12monthsforalltypes(asdefinedinPART-FCL.220)ProficiencyCheckscanbeflownupto3monthsbeforetheexpirydatewithnolosstotheoriginalexpirydateprovidedatleast2flighthourshavebeencompletedonthetypeinthe12monthprecedingexpiry.Iftheexpirydateispassedbylessthan5yearstheapplicantmayRenewtheratingasabove.Iftheexpirydatehasexceeded5yearstheHCAAmaydirectrefreshertrainingpriortoaRenewaltestflight

Whocantest: AuthorityE(H)-SEH/MEH,FE(H)-PPLSEH,TRE(H)-SEH/MEHFormused: NationalFormTestformat: TorevalidatebyexperienceforSEHPistongroupasshowninAppendix1toPART-

FCL.245(b)(3):SEHPistontypesaslistedinAppendix1toPART-FCL.245(b)(3)mayberevalidatedbyexperienceof2hoursoneachtypeinthe12monthsprecedingexpiryprovidedaproficiencycheckiscompletedwithanExaminerononeoftheSEHPistontypesonthelist.Thelicenseendorsementforthetyperatingsrevalidatedbyexperienceshallshowthesamevalidityexpirydateasthatonwhichtheproficiencycheckwascompleted.

Notes: ApplicantswithavalidIR(H)onthetypeshallrevalidatetheirIR(H)aspartofthecheck.HoweveriftheIR(H)hastobeassessedseparatelyduetoweatheritmaybeflownonaseparateflightwithintherevalidation/renewalperiodandbothflightsshouldbesignedoffatthesametime.








AguidetothestructureoftheATPLandMPLskilltestfortheTREandSFE.AllitemsoftheskilltestshouldbeperformedutilisingtheFlightTestStandardsofModule3/4andTolerancesofModule5.

ConductofTest/CheckExpandedguidance Appendix9toPART-FCLSkilltestandproficiencycheckforaeroplanetyperatingsandATPL/MPL

FCL.415.AMPL–Practicalskill(b) Oncompletionofthetrainingcourse,theapplicantshallpassaskilltestinaccordancewithAppendix9to

thisPart,todemonstratetheabilitytoperformtherelevantproceduresandmaneuverswiththecompetencyappropriatetotheprivilegesgranted.TheskilltestshallbetakeninthetypeofaeroplaneusedontheadvancedphaseoftheMPLintegratedtrainingcourseorinanFFSrepresentingthesametype.

TestFormat 1. Theapplicantshallhavecompletedtherequiredinstructioninaccordancewiththesyllabus.

2. Itemstobecoveredinskilltestsaregivenintheapplicableappendix.WiththeapprovaloftheAuthority,several

differentskilltestscenariosmaybedevelopedsimulatedlineoperations.TheExaminerwillselectoneofthesescenarios.Flightsimulators,ifavailableandothertrainingdevicesasapprovedshallbeused.

3. Inthecaseofmulti-pilotaeroplanes,theapplicantshallpassallsectionsoftheskilltestorproficiencycheck.Failure

ofmorethanfiveitemswillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentiretestorcheckagain.Anyapplicantfailingfiveorlessitemsshalltakethefaileditemsagain.Failureinanyitemonthere-testorre-checkincludingthoseitemsthathavebeenpassedatapreviousattemptwillrequiretheapplicanttotaketheentirecheckortestagain.Section6isnotpartoftheATPLorMPLskilltest.Iftheapplicantonlyfailsordoesnottakesection6,thetyperatingwillbeissuedwithoutCATIIorCATIIIprivileges.ToextendthetyperatingprivilegestoCATIIorCATIII,theapplicantshallpassthesection6ontheappropriatetypeofaircraft.a)IncasetheapplicantfailsordoesnottakeSection6,onlythetyperatingwillbeissuedwithoutCatIIorIIIprivileges.b)Section6isnotpartoftheATPLskilltest.

4. Furthertrainingmayberequiredafterafailedtest.FailuretoachieveavalidpassinallitemsintwoattemptsshallrequirefurthertrainingasdeterminedbytheExaminer.Thereisnolimittothenumberofskillteststhatmaybeattempted.

Quickreference:

Part-FCLreference FCL.415.A;Appendix9toPART-FCLWhocantest: TRE,SFEFormused: NationalForm

Aeroplane

Module10–AirlineTransportPilotLicense–ATPL(A)andMulti-CrewPilotLicense–MPL(A)




ConductoftheTest/Check-General5.ShouldanapplicantchoosenottocontinuewithatestforreasonsconsideredinadequatebytheExaminer,theapplicantwillberegardedashavingfailedthoseitemsnotattempted.IfthetestisterminatedforreasonsconsideredadequatebytheExaminer,onlythoseitemsnotcompletedshallbetestedinafurtherflight.6. AtthediscretionoftheExamineranymanoeuvreorprocedureofthetestmayberepeatedoncebytheapplicant.The

Examinermaystopthetestatanystageifitisconsideredthattheapplicant’scompetencyrequiresacompletere-test.

7. Checksandproceduresshallbecarriedout/completedinaccordancewiththeauthorisedchecklistfortheaeroplaneusedinthetestand,ifapplicable,withtheMCCconcept.Performancedatafortake-off,approachandlandingshallbecalculatedbytheapplicantincompliancewiththeoperationshandbook,orflighthandbook,fortheaeroplaneused.Decisionheights/altitude,minimumdescentheights/altitudesandmissedapproachpointshallbedeterminedbytheapplicantfortheATPL(A)andMPL.

8. Thetestforamulti-pilotaeroplaneshallbeperformedinamulti-crewenvironment.

9. Anotherapplicant,oranotherpilot,mayfunctionassecondpilot.Ifanaeroplane,ratherthanasimulator,isusedfor

thetest/check,thesecondpilotshallbeaTRI.

10. AnapplicantfortheinitialissueofanATPL(A)orMPLshallberequiredtooperateas'pilotflying'(PF)duringallsectionsofthetest.Theapplicantshallalsodemonstratetheabilitytoactas'pilotnotflying'(PNF).TheapplicantmaychooseeitherthelefthandortherighthandseatfortheATPL(A)test.

11. ThetestshouldbeaccomplishedunderIFRandasfaraspossibleinasimulatedcommercialairtransport

environment.Anessentialelementistheabilitytoplanandconducttheflightfromroutinebriefingmaterial.

FlightTestTolerance Theapplicantshalldemonstratetheabilityto:a)operatetheaeroplanewithinitslimitations;b)completeallmanoeuvreswithsmoothnessandaccuracy;c)exercisegoodjudgementandairmanship;d)applyaeronauticalknowledge;e)maintaincontroloftheaeroplaneatalltimesinsuchamannerthatthesuccessfuloutcomeofaprocedureormanoeuvreisneverindoubt;f)understandandapplycrewco-ordinationandincapacitationprocedures,ifapplicable;

and,g)communicateeffectivelywiththeothercrewmembers,ifapplicable.




AguidetothestructureoftheATPLandMPLskilltestfortheTREandSFE.AllitemsoftheskilltestshouldbeperformedutilisingtheFlightTestStandardsofModule3/4andTolerancesofModule5.

Allinstructorsshallbetrainedtoachievethefollowingcompetences:—Prepareresources,—Createaclimateconducivetolearning,—Presentknowledge,—IntegrateThreatandErrorManagement(TEM)andcrewresourcemanagement,—Managetimetoachievetrainingobjectives,—Facilitatelearning,— Assesstraineeperformance,—Monitorandreviewprogress,—Evaluatetrainingsessions,—Reportoutcome.FCL.925AdditionalrequirementsforinstructorsfortheMPL (a)InstructorsconductingtrainingfortheMPLshall:

(1)havesuccessfullycompletedanMPLinstructortrainingcourseatanATO;and(2)additionally,forthebasic,intermediateandadvancedphasesoftheMPLintegratedtrainingcourse:

(i)beexperiencedinmulti-pilotoperations;and(ii)havecompletedinitialcrewresourcemanagementtrainingwithacommercialairtransportoperatorapprovedinaccordancewiththeapplicableairoperationsrequirements.

(b)MPLinstructorstrainingcourse(1)TheMPLinstructortrainingcourseshallcompriseatleast14hoursoftraining.Uponcompletionofthetrainingcourse,theapplicantshallundertakeanassessmentofinstructorcompetenciesandofknowledgeofthecompetency-basedapproachtotraining.(2)TheassessmentshallconsistofapracticaldemonstrationofflightinstructionintheappropriatephaseoftheMPLtrainingcourse.ThisassessmentshallbeconductedbyanExaminerqualifiedinaccordancewithSubpartK.

FCL.935Assessmentofcompetence (a) Exceptforthemulti-crewcooperationinstructor(MCCI),thesynthetictraininginstructor(STI),themountain

ratinginstructor(MI)andtheflighttestinstructor(FTI),anapplicantforaninstructorcertificateshallpassanassessmentofcompetenceintheappropriateaircraftcategorytodemonstratetoanExaminerqualifiedinaccordancewithSubpartKtheabilitytoinstructastudentpilottothelevelrequiredfortheissueoftherelevantlicense,ratingorcertificate.

(b)Thisassessmentshallinclude:

(1)thedemonstrationofthecompetenciesdescribedinFCL.920,duringpre-flight,post-flightandtheoreticalknowledgeinstruction;(2)oraltheoreticalexaminationsontheground,pre-flightandpost-flightbriefingsandin-flightdemonstrationsintheappropriateaircraftclass,typeorFSTD;(3)exercisesadequatetoevaluatetheinstructor’scompetencies.

(c)TheassessmentshallbeperformedonthesameclassortypeofaircraftorFSTDusedfortheflightinstruction.

(d)Whenanassessmentofcompetenceisrequiredforrevalidationofaninstructorcertificate,anapplicantwhofailstoachieveapassintheassessmentbeforetheexpirydateofaninstructorcertificateshallnotexercisetheprivilegesofthatcertificateuntiltheassessmenthassuccessfullybeencompleted.

FCL.920Instructorcompetenciesandassessment

1General

Module11–AssessmentofCompetenceofInstructors(AeroplaneandHelicopter)




GM1FCL.900InstructorCertificate GENERAL(a)Nineinstructorcategoriesarerecognised:

(1)FIcertificate:• aeroplane(FI(A)),• helicopter(FI(H)),• airship(FI(As)),• sailplane(FI(S))and• balloon(FI(B));

(2)TRIcertificate:• aeroplane(TRI(A)),• helicopter(TRI(H)),• powered-liftaircraft(TRI(PL));

(3)CRIcertificate:• aeroplane(CRI(A));

(4)IRIcertificate:• aeroplane(IRI(A)),• helicopter(IRI(H))and• airship(IRI(As));

(5)SFIcertificate:• aeroplane(SFI(A)),• helicopter(SFI(H))and• powered-liftaircraft(SFI(PL));

(6)MCCIcertificate:• aeroplanes(MCCI(A)),• helicopters(MCCI(H)),• powered-liftaircraft(MCCI(PL))and• airships(MCCI(As));

(7)STIcertificate:• aeroplane(STI(A))and• helicopter(STI(H));

(8)MIcertificate:(MI);(9)FTIcertificate:(FTI).

(b)Forcategories(1)to(4)andfor(8)and(9)theapplicantneedstoholdapilotlicense.Forcategories(5)to(7)nolicenseisneeded,onlyaninstructorcertificate.(c)Apersonmayholdmorethanoneinstructorcertificate.




(a) Trainingshouldbeboththeoreticalandpractical.Practicalelementsshouldincludethedevelopmentofspecificinstructorskills,particularlyintheareaofteachingandassessingthreatanderrormanagementandCRM.

(b) Thetrainingandassessmentofinstructorsshouldbemadeagainstthefollowingperformancestandards:

Competence Performance KnowledgePrepareresourses • ensuresadequatefacilities;

• preparesbriefingmaterial;• managesavailabletools.

• understandobjectives;• availabletools;• competency-basedtrainingmethods.

Createaclimateconductivetolearning

• establishescredentials,rolemodelsappropriatebehaviour;

• clarifiesroles;• statesobjectives;• ascertainsandsupportstraineesneeds.

• barrierstolearning;• learningstyles.

Presentknowledge • communicateclearly;• createsandsustainsrealism;• looksfortrainingopportunities.

• teachingmethods.

IntegrateTEMorCRM • makesTEMorCRMlinkswithtechnicaltraining.

• HF,TEMorCRM.

Managetimetoachievetrainingobjectives

• allocatetimeappropriatetoachievingcompetencyobjectives.

• syllabustimeallocation.

Facilitatelearning • encouragetraineeparticipation;• showsmotivating,patient,confidentand

assertivemanner;• conductone-to-onecoaching;• encouragesmutualsupport.

• facilitation;• howtogiveconstructivefeedback;• howtoencouragetraineestoask

questionsandseekadvice.

Assessestraineeperformance

• assessesandencouragestraineeself-assessmentofperformanceagainstcompetencystandards;

• makesassessmentdecisionandprovideclearfeedback;

• observesCRMbehaviour.

• observationtechniques;• methodsofrecordingobservations.

Monitorandreviewprogress

• comparesindividualoutcomestodefinedobjectives;

• identifiesindividualdifferencesinlearningrates;

• appliesappropriatecorrectiveaction.

• learningstyles;• strategiesfortrainingadaptionto

meetindividualneeds.

Evaluatetrainingsessions

• elicitsfeedbackfromtrainees;• tracktrainingsessionprocessesagainst

competencecriteria;• keepsappropriaterecords.

• competencyunitandassociatedelements;

• performancecriteria.

Reportoutcome • reportsaccuratelyusingonlyobservedactionsandevents.

• phasetrainingobjectives;• individualversussystemicweaknesses.

AMC1FCL.920Instructorcompetenciesandassessment

2Assessmentofcompetence




GENERAL(a)Theformatandapplicationformfortheassessmentofcompetencearedeterminedbythecompetentauthority.(b)Whenanaircraftisusedfortheassessment,itshouldmeettherequirementsfortrainingaircraft.(c)Ifanaircraftisusedforthetestorcheck,theExamineractsasthePIC,exceptincircumstancesagreeduponbytheExaminerwhenanotherinstructorisdesignatedasPICfortheflight.(d)Duringtheskilltesttheapplicantoccupiestheseatnormallyoccupiedbytheinstructor(instructorsseatifinanFSTD,orpilotseatifinanaircraft),exceptinthecaseofballoons.TheExaminer,anotherinstructoror,forMPAinanFFS,arealcrewunderinstruction,functionsasthe‘student’.Theapplicantisrequiredtoexplaintherelevantexercisesandtodemonstratetheirconducttothe‘student’,whereappropriate.Thereafter,the‘student’executesthesamemaneuvers(ifthe‘student’istheExamineroranotherinstructor,thiscanincludetypicalmistakesofinexperiencedstudents).Theapplicantisexpectedtocorrectmistakesorallyor,ifnecessary,byinterveningphysically.(e)Theassessmentofcompetenceshouldalsoincludeadditionaldemonstrationexercises,asdecidedbytheExaminerandagreeduponwiththeapplicantbeforetheassessment.Theseadditionalexercisesshouldberelatedtothetrainingrequirementsfortheapplicableinstructorcertificate.(f)Allrelevantexercisesshouldbecompletedwithinaperiodof6months.However,allexercisesshould,wherepossible,becompletedonthesameday.Inprinciple,failureinanyexerciserequiresaretestcoveringallexercises,withtheexceptionofthosethatmayberetakenseparately.TheExaminermayterminatetheassessmentatanystageiftheyconsiderthataretestisrequired.

AMC1FCL.935Assessmentofcompetence




TheAssessmentofcompetencehastobeperformedaccordingtoFCL.935.Thetestcomprisesoraltheoreticalexaminationsontheground,pre-flightandpostflightbriefingsandin-flightdemonstrations.Theaccommodationforthetheoreticalpartofthetestshallbeasuitablelocationforgivingatestlecturetostudents.Thefollowingbooksanddocumentsshouldbeavailableforthebriefingsandtheflight:

1. AIP2. AIC’s3. Navigationmaterial,charts,computer4. Flighthandbooks5. Instructorguides6. Trainingsyllabus7. Pilotlicenses

Appropriateliterature/trainingaidsrepresentativeofthetestaeroplaneshouldbeusedforthelectureandbriefings.

TheoreticalKnowledge Theaimoftheoralexaminationistodeterminetheapplicant’sknowledgeofthefollowingsubjects:

1. AirLaw2. Aeroplane/HelicopterGeneralKnowledge3. FlightPerformanceandPlanning4. HumanPerformanceandLimitations5. Meteorology6. Navigation7. OperationalProcedures8. PrinciplesofFlight9. Administration

Theoralexaminationwillnormallytake1hourbutisdependentonbothtype,oftestandtheapplicant’sperformance.

1. Questionsshouldbeofapracticalnaturerelatedtothesubjects.2. Questionsmaybeansweredusingwhatevertrainingaidsorequipmentisavailable.3. Questionsmaybeansweredbyreferringtothebooks,documentsanddiagrams.

IfthetestisusedfortheissueorrevalidationofanIRI,thequestionsshouldalsofocusoninstrumentflyingtechniques,IRregulationsandprocedures.IfthetestisusedfortheissueorrevalidationofaFI(ME)orCRI(ME)specificquestionsrelatingtoasymmetricflightaretobeasked.

3ConductoftheAssessment




TheLecture Theapplicantisrequiredtogivealectureundertestconditionstohisstudent‘audience’,oneofwhowillbetheExaminer.

1. ThesubjectofthelecturewillbedeterminedbytheExaminerandpreferablychosenfromtheexercisesfromAMC1FCL.930.FI,AMC1FCL.930.TRI,AMC1FCL.930.CRIandAMC1FCL.930.IRI,AMC1FCL.930.MCCI.

2. TimeofpreparationforthetestlectureisagreeduponbeforehandwiththeExaminer.3. Thelectureshouldnotexceed45minutes.4. TheExaminer,inthecaseheisactingasastudent,shouldclearlyexplainwhichlevelhemustbeconsidered

asastudent.5. Applicantsmustexpecttousewhatevertrainingaidsandequipmentareavailable.

However-trainingaidsandequipmentshouldreflectcurrenttechnicalstandards.6. Anaeroplane/helicoptermodel,representingthetestaeroplane/helicopter,isessential.

Thefourbasiccomponentsofthelecturewillbe:

1. TheAim2. PrinciplesofFlight(briefestreferenceonly)3. TheAirExercises(whatandhowandbywhom)4. Airmanship(weather,flightsafetyetc.)

Thelectureshouldcontain:

1. agoodtimeframe2. astructural“build-up”3. nountruestatements4. atheoreticalexplanationofthepracticallesson5. explanationofairmanship6. mentionofcommonfailuresofstudentsduringexercises7. explanationofthecorrectionsonthefailures8. allpracticalflightdetails9. checkquestionsfortheaudience10. timefortheaudiencetoaskquestions

DuringthelecturetheapplicantwillbeassessedbytheExamineronthefollowingitems:

1. Visualpresentation2. Technicalaccuracy3. Clarityofexplanation4. Clarityofspeech5. Instructionaltechniques6. Useofmodelsandaids7. Studentparticipation




ThePre-flightBriefing Thepre-flightbriefingshouldbeashortpracticalbriefingofabout15to20minutes.TheExaminershouldexplainthatthroughouttheflighthe,oranotherinstructor,willactasthestudent.Thelevelofexperienceofthisstudenthastobeclearlyidentified.Theassessmentofthepre-flightbriefingwillbeinaccordancewiththeassessmentitemsofparagraph11.3,above.

TheFlight Whentheassessmentisconductedinasimulatortheassessmentshouldincludeaminimumof3hoursofflightinstruction.Whentheassessmentisconductedinanaeroplanetheassessmentshouldincludeaminimumof1hourofflightinstruction.Thechosenexercisebriefedduringthepre-flightbriefingshouldbethemainexerciseoftheflight.BeforetheflighttheExaminershouldclearlyidentify:

1. whichexercisestheapplicantistoflywithoutinstructional‘patter’,2. whichexercisesaretobetaughttothestudent,and3. whichexercisesmaybedemonstratedtothestudentbutwithaccompanying‘patter’.

Duringtheskilltesttheapplicantshalloccupytheseatnormallyoccupiedbytheinstructor.TheExaminer,actingasastudent,mustactaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbytheapplicant.TheExaminershouldnotdeliberatelysettraps,butactasanormalstudentandintroducecommonstudenterrorsfortheapplicanttoidentifyandcorrect.ItisalsoimportantthattheExaminerisconsistentinhisresponse,sothatmistakesmasteredbytheapplicant,nolongeroccur.Theapplicantshould:

1. demonstrateinstructionalknowledgeofcommonerrorsofstudentsinperformingexercises.2. demonstrateandsimultaneouslyexplaintheflightexercises.3. analyseandcorrectsimulatedcommonerrors.

Theapplicantwillbeexpectedtodemonstratepersonalstandardsofflyingabilityandairmanshiptothelevelofaprofessionalpilot.Assessmentoftheflightwillcontain:

1. ArrangementofDemo2. SynchronisationofSpeechwithDemo3. CorrectionofFaults4. AeroplaneHandling5. InstructionalTechnique6. GeneralAirmanship/Safety7. Positioning,UseofAirspace

ThePost-flightBriefing Assessmentofthepostflightbriefingwillbeaccordingtheitemsofparagraph11.3,above.








4Records

None

5Annexes,Forms

For forms to be used, special instructions regarding Examiners, possible information regarding Examiners, visit theHellenicCivilAviationAuthorityofficialwebhomepage:www.ypa.gr

6RelevantdocumentsNone

7Glossary/AbbreviationsNone





Documents

FLIGHT EXAMINER MANUAL Aeroplanes and … EXAMINER MANUAL Aeroplanes and Helicopters Athens, 15 May 2016 Reissue 01, Revision 00 HCAA LICENSING SECTION FLIGHT EXAMINER MANUAL