FLIGHT OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS HELICOPTER · PDF fileflight operations requirements helicopter ... 2.2 safety management chap 2-4 ... 10.14 tolerances for p2 chap 10-13 10.15 tolerances

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY

OF

NEPAL

FLIGHT OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS

HELICOPTER

FOURTH EDITION 2009

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY

OF NEPAL

FOREWORD

FLIGHT OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS

Flight Operations Requirements, known hereafter as FOR, is hereby issued by the Director General of Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal in pursuant the Article 82 of Civil Aviation Regulation 2058 B.S. (2002 A.D.).

These requirements complement and amplify the Civil Aviation Regulation

2058 issued by Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal under the authority of Civil Aviation Authority Act. 2053 B.S. (1996A.D.) and applicable to personnel involved in Flight Operation of Nepalese Civil Registration Aircraft.

First, Second and Third Edition of Flight Operations Requirements were issued on August 1990, May 1998 and October 2005 respectively. This Fourth Edition of FOR is issued separately as FLIGHT OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS (HELICOPTER) with amendments subsequently filled as required by ICAO Annex 6 Part III and inclusive of FOD No. 1 to FOD No. 11 which is enforce on 2nd Jan 2009.

(_____________) Director General

Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal 2 January 2009

Flight Operations Requirements 2 January 2009 Fourth Edition

RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

NO. DATE APPLICABLE

DATE ENTERED

ENTERED BY

NO. DATE APPLICABLE

DATE ENTERED

ENTERED BY

TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFINITIONS ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS FOREWORD CHAPTER ONE - PERSONNEL LICENSING

1.1 PERSONNEL LICENSING CHAP 1-1 1.2 AUTHORITY CHAP 1-2 1.3 FLIGHT CREW LICENSES CHAP 1-5 1.4 ISSUANCE OF FLIGHT CREW LICENSE CHAP 1-11 1.5 RATING ENDORSEMENT CHAP 1-12

CHAPTER TWO - REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO HOLDERS OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

2.1 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS, REGULATIONS AND PROCEDURES

CHAP-2-3

2.2 SAFETY MANAGEMENT CHAP 2-4

2.3 SAFE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR

CHAP 2-9

2.4 USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CHAP 2-9

2.5 CONDITIONS ON INSPECTION OF CAAN APPLICABLE TO THE OPERATION OF ANY HELICOPTER

CHAP 2-10

2.6 RESPONSIBILITIES OF AIR OPERATOR CHAP 2-11 2.7 OPERATORS TO PROVIDE FLIGHT

INSTRUCTORS AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS CHAP 2-13

2.8 OPERATORS TO PROVIDE OPERATIONS DIRECTORS

CHAP 2-13

2.9 OPERATORS TO PROVIDE FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER (FLIGHT DISPATCHER)

CHAP 2-13

2.10 OPERATORS TO ENSURE AWARENESS OF FOREIGN RULES

CHAP 2-14

2.11 PROVING FLIGHTS OF NEW HELICOPTER CHAP 2-14

2.12 SUBMISSION AND MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS BY AN OPERATOR

CHAP 2-17

2.13 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST (MEL) CHAP 2-17

CHAPTER THREE - HELICOPTER INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT AND FLIGHT DOCUMENTS

3.1 GENERAL CHAP 3-1 3.2 ALL HELICOPTERS ON ALL FLIGHTS CHAP 3-3 3.3 FLIGHT RECORDERS CHAP 3-6 3.4 INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT FOR FLIGHTS

OPERATED UNDER VFR AND IFR — BY DAY AND NIGHT

CHAP 3-8

3.5 ALL HELICOPTERS ON FLIGHTS OVER WATER CHAP 3-10 3.6 ALL HELICOPTERS ON FLIGHTS OVER

DESIGNATED LAND AREAS CHAP 3-11

3.7 EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT) CHAP 3-12 3.8 ALL HELICOPTERS ON HIGH ALTITUDE FLIGHTS CHAP 3-12 3.9 ALL HELICOPTERS IN ICING CONDITIONS CHAP 3-12 3.10 HELICOPTERS WHEN CARRYING PASSENGERS-

SIGNIFICANT-WEATHER DETECTION CHAP 3-13

3.11 ALL HELICOPTERS COMPLYING WITH THE NOISE CERTIFICATION STANDARDS IN ANNEX 16, VOLUME 1

CHAP 3-13

3.12 HELICOPTERS CARRYING PASSENGERS-CABIN CREW SEATS

CHAP 3-13

3.13 HELICOPTERS REQUIRED TO BE EQUIPPED WITH A PRESSURE – ALTITUDE REPORTING TRANSPONDER

CHAP 3-13

3.14 MICROPHONES CHAP 3-13 3.15 VIBRATION HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM CHAP 3-14 3.16 HELICOPTER COMMUNICATION AND

NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT CHAP 3-15

3.14 INSTALLATION CHAP 3-15 CHAPTER FOUR - FLIGHT OPERATIONS

4.1 OPERATING FACILITIES CHAP 4-1 4.2 OPERATIONAL CERTIFICATION AND SUPERVISION CHAP 4-2 4.3 OPERATIONS MANUAL CHAP 4-3 4.4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS – GENERAL CHAP 4-3 4.5 IN-FLIGHT SIMULATION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS CHAP 4-3 4.6 CHECKLISTS CHAP 4-3 4.7 MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDES (Operations Under IFR) CHAP 4-3 4.8 HELIPORT OPERATING MINIMA (Operations Under IFR)CHAP 4-4 4.9 FUEL AND OIL RECORDS CHAP 4-4 4.10 CREW CHAP 4-4 4.11 FLIGHT TIME, FLIGHT DUTY PERIODS AND REST PERIODS CHAP 4-5 4.12 PASSENGERS CHAP 4-5 4.13 OVER WATER FLIGHTS CHAP 4-5 4.14 FLIGHT PREPARATION CHAP 4-10 4.15 IN-FLIGHT PROCEDURES CHAP 4-12

4.16 DUTIES OF PILOT-IN-COMMAND CHAP 4-12 4.17 DUTIES OF FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER CHAP 4-13 4.18 CARRY ON BAGGAGE CHAP 4-13

CHAPTER FIVE - HELICOPTER PERFORMANCE OPERATING LIMITATIONS

5.1 GENERAL CHAP 5-1 5.2 APPLICABLE TO HELICOPTERS CERTIFICATED

IN ACCORDANCE WITH PART IV OF ANNEX 8 CHAP 5-2

5.3 MASS LIMITATIONS CHAP 5-5 5.4 OBSTACLE DATA CHAP 5-5 5.5 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATIONS

OF HELICOPTERS IN PERFORMANCE CLASS 3 IN IMC, EXCEPT SPECIAL VFR FLIGHTS

CHAP 5-6

CHAPTER SIX - HELICOPTER FLIGHT CREW

6.1 COMPOSITION OF THE FLIGHT CREW CHAP 6-1 6.2 FLIGHT CREW MEMBER EMERGENCY DUTIES CHAP 6-1 6.3 FLIGHT CREW MEMBER TRAINING PROGRAMMES CHAP 6-2 6.4 QUALIFICATIONS CHAP 6-5 6.5 FLIGHT CREW EQUIPMENT CHAP 6-5 6.6 FLIGHT TIME, FLIGHT DUTY PERIODS AND

REST PERIODS CHAP 6-6

CHAPTER SEVEN – FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER/FLIGHT

DISPACHER CHAP 7-3

CHAPTER EIGHT – CABIN CREW

8.1 ASSIGNED OF EMERGENCY DUTIEES CHAP 8-1 8.2 PROTECTION OF CABIN CREW DURING

FLIGHT CHAP 8-1

8.3 TRAINING CHAP 8-2 8.4 FLIGHT TIME, FLIGHT DUITY PERIODS AND

REST PERIODS CHAP 8-2

CHAPTER NINE - SECURITY

9.1 HELICOPTER SEARCH PROCEDURE CHECKLIST CHAP 9-1 9.2 TRAINING PROGRAMMES CHAP 9-1 9.3 REPORTING ACTS OF UNLAWFUL

INTERFERENCE CHAP 9-1

CHAPTER TEN - TRAINING REQUIREMENTS AND SAFE TRAINING PRACTICES

10.1 GENERAL CHAP 10-1 10.2 TRAINING PROGRAM CURRICULUM CHAP 10-1 10.3 TRAINING PROGRAM AND REVISION CHAP 10-2 10.4 GROUND INSTRUCTOR CHAP 10-3 10.5 PILOT TRAINING: GROUND AND FLIGHT TRAINING CHAP 10-5 10.6 CABIN CREW CHAP 10-6 10.7 AIRCRAFT DISPATCHER CHAP10-7 10.8 FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS CHAP 10-8 10.9 FLIGHT ENGINEERS CHAP 10-9 10.10 INDOCTRINATION GROUND TRAINING CHAP 10-9 10.11 CREW MEMBER EMERGENCY TRAINING CHAP 10-11 10.12 DIFFERENCE TRAINING CHAP 10-11 10.13 SAFE TRAINING PRACTICES CHAP 10-12 10.14 TOLERANCES FOR P2 CHAP 10-13 10.15 TOLERANCES FOR P1 CHAP 10-14 10.16 GRADINGS SAMPLE CHAP 10-16 10.17 BRIEFING AND DEBRIEFING PROCEDURES CHAP 10-17 10.18 ISNTRUMENT RATING CHAP 10-19 10.19 NIGHT FLIGHT QUALIFICATIONS CHAP 10-21 10.20 FAILURE OF THE FLIGHT TEST CHAP 10-21

CHAPTER ELEVEN- APPROVAL OF TRAINING ORGANIZATION

11.1 GENERAL CHAP 11-1 11.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANT OF APPROVAL FOR ENDORSEMENTAND/OR TYPE COURSE CHAP 11-2 11.3 GRANT OF APPROVAL CHAP 11-3 11.4 EXTENSION AND RENEWAL OF APPROVAL CHAP 11-3 11.5 FOREIGN TRAINING ORGANIZATION CHAP 11-4

CHAPTER TWELVE - MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR THE APPROVAL OF SYNTHETIC FLIGHT TRAINER

12.1 APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL CHAP 12-1 12.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS CHAP 12-2 12.3 MINIMUM STANDARD FOR SIMULATION OF HELICOPTER SYSTEMS CHAP 12-3 12.4 MINIMUM STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE CHAP 12-4 12.5 MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS CHAP 12-5 12.6 MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR NAVIGATIONAL ACCURACY CHAP 12-5

12.7 MINIMUM STANDARDS OF INSTRUMENT FLIGHT PROCEDURE TRAINER CHAP 12-7

CHAPTER THIRTEEN - OPERATIONS AT AN AERODROME AND AIRCRAFT

13.1 GENERAL CHAP 13-1 13.2 GROUND OPERATIONS CHAP 13-2 13.3 MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND VEHICLE AT AN AERODROME CHAP 13-7 13.4 SAFEGUARDING AT AERODROMES CHAP 13-8 13.5 CONDUCT OF PERSONS IN AN AIRCRAFT CHAP 13-10

CHAPTER FOURTEEN - OPERATIONS WITH LEASED AIRCRAFT

14.1 GENERAL CHAP 14-1 14.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRCRAFT LEASING CHAP 14-1 14.3 AIRCRAFT LEASING PROCESS CHAP 14-3 14.4 DRY LEASE CHAP 14-4 14.5 DRY LEASE OF NEPALESE REGISTERED AIRCRAFT CHAP 14-4 14.6 WET LEASE CHAP 14-4 14.7 WET LEASING OF FOREIGN REGISTERED AIRCRAFT FROM AN AOC HOLDER CHAP 14-5 14.8 WET LEASING OF FOREIGN REGISTERED AIRCRAFT FROM A PERSON OR COMPANY CHAP 14-5 14.9 WET LEASING OF NEPALESE REGISTERED AIRCRAFT FROM AN AOC HOLDER CHAP 14-5 14.10 DAMP LEASE CHAP 14-5 14.11 AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS CHAP 14-6 14.12 OPERATOR’S OBLIGATIONS CHAP 14-6

DEFINITIONS:

Aerial work. An aircraft operation in which an aircraft is used for specialized services such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, search and rescue, aerial advertisement, etc.

Aircraft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface.

Aircraft operating manual. A manual, acceptable to the State of the Operator, containing normal, abnormal and emergency procedures, checklists, limitations, performance information, details of the aircraft systems and other material relevant to the operation of the aircraft.

Note. — The Aircraft Operating Manual is part of the Operations Manual.

Air operator certificate (AOC). A certificate authorizing an operator to carry out specified commercial air transport operations.

Alternate heliport. A heliport to which a helicopter may proceed when it becomes either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at the heliport of intended landing. Alternate heliports include the following:

Take-off alternate. An alternate heliport at which a helicopter can land should this become necessary shortly after take-off and it is not possible to use the heliport of departure.

En-route alternate. A heliport at which a helicopter would be able to land after experiencing an abnormal or emergency condition while en route.

Destination alternate. An alternate heliport to which a helicopter may proceed should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the heliport of intended landing.

Note. — The heliport from which a flight departs may be an en-route or a destination alternate heliport for that flight.

Approach and landing operations using instrument approach procedures. Instrument approach and landing operations are classified as follows:

Non-precision approach and landing operations. An instrument approach and landing which utilizes lateral guidance but does not utilize vertical guidance.

Approach and landing operations with vertical guidance. An instrument approach and landing which utilizes lateral and vertical guidance but does not meet the requirements established for precision approach and landing operations.

Flight Operation Requirements-Helicopter 2 January 2009 Fourth Edition

Precision approach and landing operations. An instrument approach and landing using precision lateral and vertical guidance with minima as determined by the category of operation.

Note. — Lateral and vertical guidance refers to the guidance provided either by:

a) a ground-based navigation aid; or

b) computer generated navigation data.

Categories of precision approach and landing operations:

Category I (CAT I) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height not lower than 60 m (200 ft) and with either a visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550 m.

Category II (CAT II) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m (100 ft), and a runway visual range not less than 350 m.

CategoryIIIA (CATIIIA) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with:

a) a decision height lower than 30 m (100 ft) or no decision height; and

b) a runway visual range not less than 200 m.

CategoryIB (CATIB) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with:

a) a decision height lower than 15 m (50 ft) or no decision height; and

b) a runway visual range less than 200 m but not less than 50 m.

CategoryIIIC (CATIIIC) operation. A precision instrument approach and landing with no decision height and no runway visual range limitations.

Note.— Where decision height (DH) and runway visual range (RVR) fall into different categories of operation, the instrument approach and landing operation would be conducted in accordance with the requirements of the most demanding category (e.g. an operation with a DH in the range of C A T I I I A but with an RVR in the range of C A T I I I B would be considered a C A T I I I B operation or an operation with a DH in the range of CAT II but with an RVR in the range of CAT I would be considered a CAT II operation).

Approach and landing phase — helicopters. That part of the flight from 300 m (1 000 ft) above the elevation of the FATO, if the flight is planned to exceed this height, or from the commencement of the descent in the other cases, to landing or to the balked landing point.

Cabin crew member. A crew member who performs, in the interest of safety of passengers, duties assigned by the operator or the pilot-in-command of the aircraft, but who shall not act as a flight crew member.

Cargo: Things other than passengers carried on aircraft.


Category A STOL Airfield: Those STOL airfields below 5500 feet above mean sea level and where missed approach is possible.

Category B STOL Airfield: Those STOL airfields which are at or above 5500 feet and below 7000

feet above mean sea level and where missed approach is critical. Category C STOL Airfield: Those STOL airfields which are at or above 7000feet above mean sea

level, approach is difficult due to local weather conditions and where missed approach is not advisable after certain point during approach and landing phase.

Certificate of Airworthiness: certificate of airworthiness issued or enforced under these rules :

Commercial air transport operation. An aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire.

Configuration deviation list (CDL). A list established by the organization responsible for the type design with the approval of the State of Design which identifies any external parts of an aircraft type which may be missing at the commencement of a flight, and which contains, where necessary, any information on associated operating limitations and performance correction.

Congested area. In relation to a city, town or settlement, any area which is substantially used for residential, commercial or recreational purposes.

Congested hostile environment. A hostile environment within a congested area.

Co-pilot. A licensed pilot serving in any piloting capacity other that as pilot-in-command but excluding a pilot who is on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction.

Crew member. A person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft during a flight duty period.

Damp Lease. means wet lease with partial crew;

Dangerous goods. Articles or substances which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, property or the environment and which are shown in the list of dangerous goods in the Technical Instructions or which are classified according to those Instructions.

Note.— Dangerous goods are classified in Annex 18, Chapter 3.

Decision altitude (DA) or decision height (DH). A specified altitude or height in the precision approach or approach with vertical guidance at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established.

Note 1.— Decision altitude (DA) is referenced to mean sea level and decision height (DH) is referenced to the threshold elevation.

Note 2.— The required visual reference means that section of the visual aids or of the approach area which should have been in view for sufficient time for the pilot to have made an assessment of the aircraft position and rate of change of position, in relation to the desired flight path. In Category III operations with a decision height the required visual reference is that specified for the particular procedure and operation.


Note 3.— For convenience where both expressions are used they may be written in the form “decision altitude/height” and abbreviated “DA/H”.

Defined point after take-of (DPATO). The point, within the take-off and initial climb phase, before which the helicopter’s ability to continue the flight safely, with one engine inoperative, is not assured and a forced landing may be required.

Note.— Defined points apply to helicopters operating in performance Class 2 only.

Defined point before landing (DPBL). The point, within the approach and landing phase, after which the helicopter’s ability to continue the flight safely, with one engine inoperative, is not assured and a forced landing may be required.

Note.— Defined points apply to helicopters operating in performance Class 2 only.

Differences Training - The training required for crew members and dispatchers who have qualified and served on a particular type of aircraft but the differences training is necessary before a crewman serves in the same capacity on a particular variation of that aircraft.

Director General. Director General of Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.

Dry Lease. means a lease of aircraft without the crew. In this case the aircraft is normally registered in the AOC holder's State, bears the lesse's AOC holder name/logo and is operated under the AOC of the Lessee;

Elevated heliport. A heliport located on a raised structure on land.

Emergency locator transmitter (ELT). A generic term describing equipment which broadcast distinctive signals on designated frequencies and, depending on application, may be automatically activated by impact or be manually activated. An ELT may be any of the following:

Automatic fixed ELT (ELT(AF)). An automatically activated ELT which is permanently attached to an aircraft. Automatic portable ELT (ELT(AP)). An automatically activated ELT which is rigidly attached

to an aircraft but readily removable from the aircraft.

Automatic deployable ELT (ELT(AD)). An ELT which is rigidly attached to an aircraft and which is automatically deployed and activated by impact, and, in some cases, also by hydrostatic sensors. Manual deployment is also provided.

Survival ELT (ELT(S)). An ELT which is removable from an aircraft, stowed so as to facilitate its ready use in an emergency, and manually activated by survivors.

En-route phase. That part of the flight from the end of the take-off and initial climb phase to the commencement of the approach and landing phase.

Note.— Where adequate obstacle clearance cannot be guaranteed visually, flights must be planned to ensure that obstacles can be cleared by an appropriate margin. In the event of failure of the critical power-unit, operators may need to adopt alternative procedures.


Final approach and take-of area (FATO). A defined area over which the final phase of the approach manoeuvre to hover or landing is completed and from which the take-off manoeuvre is commenced. Where the FATO is to be used by helicopters operating in performance Class 1, the defined area includes the rejected take-off area available.

Flight crew member. A licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during a flight duty period.

Flight duty period. The total time from the moment a flight crew member commences duty, immediately subsequent to a rest period and prior to making a flight or a series of flights, to the moment the flight crew member is relieved of all duties having completed such flight or series of flights.

Flight manual. A manual, associated with the certificate of airworthiness, containing limitations within which the aircraft is to be considered airworthy, and instructions and information necessary to the flight crew members for the safe operation of the aircraft.

Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher. A person designated by the operator to engage in the control and supervision of flight operations, whether licensed or not, suitably qualified in accordance with FOR, who supports, briefs and/or assists the pilot-in-command in the safe conduct of the flight.

Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft.

Flight recorder. Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose of complementing accident/incident investigation.

Flight safety documents system. A set of interrelated documentation established by the operator, compiling and organizing information necessary for flight and ground operations, and comprising, as a minimum, the operations manual and the operator’s maintenance control manual.

Flight simulation training device. Any one of the following three types of apparatus in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground:

A flight simulator, which provides an accurate representation of the flight deck of a particular aircraft type to the extent that the mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc. aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that type of aircraft are realistically simulated;

A flight procedures trainer, which provides a realistic flight deck environment, and which simulates instrument responses, simple control functions of mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc. aircraft systems, and the performance and flight characteristics of aircraft of a particular class;

A basic instrument flight trainer, which is equipped with appropriate instruments, and which simulates the flight deck environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions.

Flight time — helicopters. The total time from the moment a helicopter’s rotor blades start turning


until the moment the helicopter finally comes to rest at the end of the flight, and the rotor blades are stopped.

Note 1. — The State may provide guidance in those cases where the definition of flight time does not describe or permit normal practices. Examples are: crew change without stopping the rotors; and rotors running engine wash procedure following a flight. In any case, the time when rotors are running between sectors of a flight is included within the calculation of flight time.

Note 2. — This definition is intended only for the purpose of flight and duty time regulations.

General aviation operation. An aircraft operation other than a commercial air transport operation or an aerial work operation.

Glider. A non-power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight.

Glider flight time. The total time occupied in flight whether being towed or not, from the moment the glider first moves for the purpose of taking off until the moment it

Ground handling. Services necessary for an aircraft’s arrival at, and departure from, an airport, other than air traffic services.

Helicopter. A heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes.

Note.— Some States use the term “rotorcraft” as an alternative to helicopter ”.

Helideck. A heliport located on a floating or fixed offshore structure.

Heliport. An aerodrome or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters.

Note 1.— Throughout this Part, when the term “heliport” is used, it is intended that the term also applies to aerodromes primarily meant for the use of aeroplanes.

Note 2.— Helicopters may be operated to and from areas other than heliports.

Heliport operating minima. The limits of usability of a heliport for:

a) take-off, expressed in terms of runway visual range and/or visibility and, if necessary, cloud conditions;

b) landing in precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility and/or runway visual range and decision altitude/height (DA/H) as appropriate to the category of the operation;

c) landing in approach and landing operations with vertical guidance, expressed in terms of visibility and/or runway visual range and decision altitude/height (DA/H); and

d) landing in non-precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility and/or runway visual range, minimum descent altitude/height (MDA/H) and, if necessary, cloud conditions.


Hostile environment. An environment in which:

a) a safe forced landing cannot be accomplished because the surface and surrounding environment are inadequate; or

b) the helicopter occupants cannot be adequately protected from the elements; or c) search and rescue response/capability is not provided consistent with anticipated exposure; or

d) there is an unacceptable risk of endangering persons or property on the ground.

Human Factors principles. Principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration to human performance.

Human performance. Human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations.

In-flight – refers to manouevers procedures or functions that must be conducted in the aircraft. Initial Training - The training required for crew members and dispatchers who have not

qualified and served in the same capacity on another aircraft of the same group.

Inspector -means Flight Operation Inspector authorized by the Director General. Instrument flight time. Time during which a pilot is piloting an aircraft solely by reference to

instruments and without external reference points. Instrument ground time. Time during which a pilot is practicing, on the ground, simulated

instrument flight in a synthetic flight trainer approved

Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than the minima specified for visual meteorological conditions.

Note.— The specified minima for visual meteorological conditions are contained in Chapter 4 of Annex 2.

Integrated survival suit. A survival suit which meets the combined requirements of the survival suit and life jacket.

Instrument time. Instrument flight time or instrument ground time. Landing decision point (LDP). The point used in determining landing performance from which, a

power-unit failure occurring at this point, the landing may be safely continued or a balked landing initiated.

Note.— LDP applies only to helicopters operating in performance Class 1.

Leased Aircraft. means an aircraft as one used under a contractual leasing arrangement;


Lessor. means the person, party or the AOC holder from whom the aircraft is leased; Lessee. means the person, party or the AOC holder to which the aircraft is leased; Long Term Lease. means an operating lease for a period exceeding 90 days;

Maintenance. The performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft, including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or repair.

Maintenance organization’s procedures manual. A document endorsed by the head of the maintenance organization which details the maintenance organization’s structure and management responsibilities, scope of work, description of facilities, maintenance procedures and quality assurance or inspection systems.

Maintenance programme. A document which describes the specific scheduled maintenance tasks and their frequency of completion and related procedures, such as a reliability programme, necessary for the safe operation of those aircraft to which it applies.

Maintenance release. A document which contains a certification confirming that the maintenance work to which it relates has been completed in a satisfactory manner, either in accordance with the approved data and the procedures described in the maintenance organization’s procedures manual or under an equivalent system.

Master minimum equipment list (MMEL). A list established for a particular aircraft type by the organization responsible for the type design with the approval of the State of Design containing items, one or more of which is permitted to be unserviceable at the commencement of a flight. The MMEL may be associated with special operating conditions, limitations or procedures.

Maximum mass. Maximum certificated take-off mass.

Medical Assessment. The evidence issued by a Contracting State that the licence holder meets specific requirements of medical fitness. It is issued following an evaluation by the Licensing Authority of the report submitted by the designated medical examiner who conducted the

Minimum descent altitude (MDA) or minimum descent height (MDH). A specified altitude or height in a non-precision approach or circling approach below which descent must not be made without the required visual reference.

Note 1.— Minimum descent altitude (MDA) is referenced to mean sea level and minimum descent height (MDH) is referenced to the aerodrome elevation or to the threshold elevation if that is more than 2 m (7 ft) below the aerodrome elevation. A minimum descent height for a circling approach is referenced to the aerodrome elevation.

Note 2.— The required visual reference means that section of the visual aids or of the approach area which should have been in view for sufficient time for the pilot to have made an assessment


of the aircraft position and rate of change of position, in relation to the desired flight path. In the case of a circling approach the required visual reference is the runway environment.

Note 3.— For convenience when both expressions are used they may be written in the form “minimum descent altitude/ height” and abbreviated “MDA/H”.

Minimum equipment list (MEL). A list which provides for the operation of aircraft, subject to specified conditions, with particular equipment inoperative, prepared by an operator in conformity with, or more restrictive than, the MMEL established for the aircraft type.

Night. The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight or such other period between sunset and sunrise, as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

Note.— Civil twilight ends in the evening when the centre of the sun’s disc is 6 degrees below the horizon and begins in the morning when the centre of the sun ’s disc is 6 degrees below the horizon.

Non-congested hostile environment. A hostile environment outside a congested area.

Non-hostile environment. An environment in which:

a) a safe forced landing can be accomplished because the surface and surrounding environment are adequate; b) the helicopter occupants can be adequately protected from the elements;

c) search and rescue response/capability is provided consistent with anticipated exposure; and

d) the assessed risk of endangering persons or property on the ground is acceptable.

Note.— Those parts of a congested area satisfying the above requirements are considered non-hostile.

Obstacle clearance altitude (OCA) or obstacle clearance height (OCH). The lowest altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome elevation as applicable, used in establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria.

Note 1.— Obstacle clearance altitude is referenced to mean sea level and obstacle clearance height is referenced to the threshold elevation or in the case of non-precision approaches to the aerodrome elevation or the threshold elevation if that is more than 2 m (7 ft) below the aerodrome elevation. An obstacle clearance height for a circling approach is referenced to the aerodrome elevation.

Note 2.— For convenience when both expressions are used they may be written in the form “obstacle clearance altitude/height” and abbreviated “OCA/H”.

Offshore operations. Operations which routinely have a substantial proportion of the flight conducted over sea areas to or from offshore locations. Such operations include, but are not limited to, support of offshore oil, gas and mineral exploitation and sea-pilot transfer.

Operation. An activity or group of activities which are subject to the same or similar hazards and which require a set of equipment to be specified, or the achievement and maintenance of a set


of pilot competencies, to eliminate or mitigate the risk of such hazards.

Note.— Such activities could include, but would not be limited to, offshore operations, heli-hoist operations or emergency medical service.

Operational control. The exercise of authority over the initiation, continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the interest of the safety of the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of the flight.

Operational flight plan. The operator’s plan for the safe conduct of the flight based on considerations of helicopter performance, other operating limitations and relevant expected conditions on the route to be followed and at the heliports concerned.

Operations in performance Class 1. Operations with performance such that, in the event of a critical power-unit failure, performance is available to enable the helicopter to safely continue the flight to an appropriate landing area, unless the failure occurs prior to reaching the take-off decision point (TDP) or after passing the landing decision point (LDP), in which cases the helicopter must be able to land within the rejected take-off or landing area.

Operations in performance Class 2. Operations with performance such that, in the event of critical power-unit failure, performance is available to enable the helicopter to safely continue the flight to an appropriate landing area, except when the failure occurs early during the take-off manoeuvre or late in the landing manoeuvre, in which cases a forced landing may be required.

Operations in performance Class 3. Operations with performance such that, in the event of a power-unit failure at any time during the flight, a forced landing will be required.

Operations manual. A manual containing procedures, instructions and guidance for use by operational personnel in the execution of their duties.

Operator. A person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation.

Operator’s maintenance control manual. A document which describes the operator’s procedures necessary to ensure that all scheduled and unscheduled maintenance is performed on the operator’s aircraft on time and in a controlled and satisfactory manner.

Pilot-in-command. The pilot designated by the operator, or in the case of general aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight.

Problematic use of substances. The use of one or more psychoactive substances by aviation personnel in way that:

a) constitutes a direct hazard to the user or endangers the lives, health or welfare of others; and / or

b) causes or worsens an occupational, social, mental or physical problem or disorder.

Psychoactive substances. Alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas coffee and tobacco are excluded.


Rating. An authorizaion entered on or associated with a licence and forming part thereof, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such license.

Relief Crew. means a crew member licensed for duties who takes over the running of the aircraft.

Rest Facilities On Board. places and facilities sufficiently comfortable and completely separated from the passengers to enable crew members to rest and to provide them with rest in due proportion to the flight time.

Rest Period. means a period of time on ground during which a crew member is relieved of all duties, including cabin attendants;

Repair. The restoration of an aeronautical product to an airworthy condition to ensure that the aircraft continues to comply with the design aspects of the appropriate airworthiness requirements used for the issuance of the type certificate for the respective aircraft type, after it has been damaged or subjected to wear.

Required communication performance (RCP). A statement of the performance requirements for operational communication in support of specific ATM functions.

Required communication performance type (RCP type). A label (e.g. RCP 240) that represents the values assigned to RCP parameters for communication transaction time, continuity, availability and integrity.

Required navigation performance (RNP). A statement of the navigation performance necessary for operation within a defined airspace.

Note.— Navigation performance and requirements are defined for a particular RNP type and/or application.

Rest period. Any period of time on the ground during which a flight crew member is relieved of all duties by the operator.

RNP type. A containment value expressed as a distance in nautical miles from the intended position within which flights would be for at least 95 per cent of the total flying time.

Example.— RNP 4 represents a navigation accuracy of plus or minus 7.4 km (4 NM) on a 95 per cent containment basis.

Runway visual range (RVR). The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line.

Safe forced landing. Unavoidable landing or ditching with a reasonable expectancy of no injuries to persons in the aircraft or on the surface.

Safety management system. A systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures.

Safety programme. An integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety.


Series of flights. Series of flights are consecutive flights that: a) begin and end within a period of 24 hours; and

b) are all conducted by the same pilot-in-command.

Short Term Lease. means a lease designed to meet an AOC holder's need for additional

aircraft for seasonal or short period not exceeding 90 days;

State of Registry. The State on whose register the aircraft is entered.

Note.— In the case of the registration of aircraft of an international operating agency on other than a national basis, the States constituting the agency are jointly and severally bound to assume the obligations which, under the Chicago Convention, attach to a State of Registry. See, in this regard, the Council Resolution of 14 December 1967 on Nationality and Registration of Aircraft Operated by International Operating Agencies which can be found in Policy and Guidance Material on the Economic Regulation of International Air Transport (Doc 9587).

State of the Operator. The State in which the operator’s principal place of business is located or, if there is no such place of business, the operator’s permanent residence.

Take-of and initial climb phase. That part of the flight from the start of take-off to 300 m (1 000 ft) above the elevation of the FATO, if the flight is planned to exceed this height, or to the end of the climb in the other cases.

Take-of decision point (TDP). The point used in determining take-off performance from which, a power-unit failure occurring at this point, either a rejected take-off may be made or a take-off safely continued.

Note.— TDP applies only to helicopters operating in performance Class 1.

Transition Training - The training required for crew members and dispatcher who have qualified and served in the same capacity on another aircraft of the same group.

Upgrade Training - The training required For crew members who have qualified and served as Co-

pilot or Flight Engineer on a particular aircraft type before they serve as pilot in command or second command respectively on that aircraft.

Visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified minima.

VTOSS . The minimum speed at which climb shall be achieved with the critical power-unit inoperative, the remaining power-units operating within approved operating limits.

Note.— The speed referred to above may be measured by instrument indications or achieved by a procedure specified in the flight manual.

Wet Lease. means a lease of aircraft with the crew; under a contractual arrangement.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

Abbreviations

ACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance Systems

ADS-C Automatic Dependent Surveillance -Contract

AFCS Automatic Flight Control System

AIG Accident Investigation And Prevention AOC Aeronautical Operational Control

AOC Air Operator Certificate ATC Air Traffic Control ATM Air Traffic Management ATS Air Traffic Services

CAAN Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal

CAT I Category I

CAT II Category II

CAT III Category III

CAT IIIA Category IIIA

CAT IIIB Category IIIB

CAT IIIC Category IIIC

CDL Configuration Deviation List CFIT Controlled Flight Into Terrain cm Centimetre

CPDLC Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder

DA Decision Altitude DA/H Decision Altitude/Height D-FIS Data Link-Flight Information Services DH Decision Height Distance DR The horizontal distance that the helicopter has traveled from the end

of the take-off distance available

DME Distance Measuring Equipment

ECAM Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System EGT Exhaust Gas Temperature EICAS Engine Indication And Crew Alerting System ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter ELT(AF) Automatic Fixed ELT ELT(AP) Automatic portable ELT ELT(AD) Automatic Deployable ELT ELT(S) Survival ELT EUROCAE European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment EPR Engine Pressure Ratio

FATO Final Approach And Take-Off Area

FDAU Flight Data Acquisition Unit

FDR Flight Data Recorder

FM Frequency Modulation Ft Foot

g Normal Acceleration

hPa Hectopascal HUMS Health And Usage Monitor System

IFR Instrument Flight Rules ILS Instrument Landing System IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions in Hg Inch Of Mercury

kg Kilogram km Kilometre kN Kilonewton kt Knot

LDAH Landing Distance Available LDP Landing Decision Point LDRH Landing Distance Required

m Metre mb Millibar MDA Minimum Descent Altitude MDA/H Minimum Descent Altitude/Height MDH Minimum Descent Height MEL Minimum Equipment List MHz Megahertz

MLS Microwave Landing System MMEL Master Minimum Equipment List MOPS Minimum Operational Performance Specification

NAV Navigation N1 Low Pressure Compressor Speed (Two-Stage Compressor); Fan Speed

(Three-Stage Compressor) NM Nautical Mile NVIS Night Vision Imaging Systems

OCA Obstacle Clearance Altitude OCA/H Obstacle Clearance Altitude/Height OCH Obstacle Clearance Height

PANS Procedures for Air Navigation Services PNR Point Of No Return psi Pound Per Square Inch

R Rotor Radius RCP Required Communication Performance RNP Required Navigation Performance RTODR Rejected Take-Off Distance Required RVR Runway Visual Range

SI International System of Units SICASP Secondary Surveillance Radar Improvements and Collision Avoidance

Systems Panel SOP Standard Operating Procedures

T4 Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature TDP Take-Off Decision Point

TIT Turbine Inlet Temperature

TLOF Touchdown And Lift-Off Area TODAH Take-Off Distance Available TODRH Take-Off Distance Required

UTC Coordinated Universal Time

VFR Visual Flight Rules VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions VTOSS Take-Off Safety Speed. The minimum speed at which climb shall be

achieved with the critical power-unit inoperative, the remaining power-units operating within approved operating limits

Vy Best Rate Of Climb Speed

WXR Weather

Symbols

°C Degrees Celsius % Percent

APPENDICES

PAGE

APPENDIX 1 : MEDICAL FORMS APP 1-5

APPENDIX 2 : FLIGHT CREW LICENSE APPLICATION FORM APP 2-2

APPENDIX 3 : FLIGHT CREW LICENSE RENEWAL APP 3-2

APPLICATION FORM

APPENDIX 4 : LICENSE DEPOSIT CERTIFICATE APP 4-1

APPENDIX 5 : OPERATIONS MANUAL STRUCTURE

(LIST OF CONTENTS). APP 5-4

APPENDIX 6 : PILOT PROFICIENCY CHECK (HELICOPTER) APP 6-10

APPENDIX 7 : SYLLABUS FOR CPL EXAMINATION APP 7-11

APPENDIX 8: SYLLABUS FOR ATPL EXAMINATION APP 8-4

APPENDIX 9: SYLLABUS FOR BASIC FLIGHT OPERATION OFFICER APP 9-2

APPENDIX 10: SYLLABUS FOR BASIC FLIGHT ENGINEER LICENSE EXAMINATION (HELICOPTER) APP 10-2

APPENDIX 11: SYLLABUS FOR ORAL EXAMINATION OF APP 11-1 INSTRUCTOR PILOT

APPENDIX12 : ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATIONS OF HELICOPTERS IN PERFORMANCE CLASS 3 IN

INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (IMC) APP 12

Flight Operations Requirements CHAP 1- 1 2 January 2009 Fourth Edition

CHAPTER 1 PERSONNEL LICENSING

1.1 PERSONNEL LICENSING

1.1.1 FLIGHT CREW MEMBERS TO HOLD LICENSES a) A person shall not act as a member of a flight crew of an helicopter

registered in Nepal unless he is the holder of an appropriate license issued or validated by the Director General under these requirements.

b) Within Nepal, a person shall not act as a member of a flight crew of an

helicopter registered in another State unless he is the holder of an appropriate license issued or validated by the State of Registry of the Helicopter.

c) For the purpose of this/her requirement an appropriate license shall be a

license which entitles the holder to perform the functions which he undertakes in the helicopter concerned, on the flight on which it is engaged.

1.1.2 PRIVILEGE OF THE LICENSES:

a) A license holder shall not exercise the privileges other than those granted by his/her license and its rating(s). b) The privileges of the license and its rating(s) shall not be exercised

unless the holder fulfills the applicable requirements and directives mentioned in this/her Requirements.

1.2 AUTHORITY 1.2.1 The Director General shall issue and renew licenses and ratings subject to such

conditions as he thinks fit in the interest of flight safety, authorizing the holder to act as a member of a flight crew of an helicopter registered in Nepal, when he is satisfied that the applicant for a license or a rating is a fit person to hold the license or rating and is qualified by reason of his/her knowledge, experience, competence, skill and physical and mental fitness to act in the capacity authorized by the license or rating; for that purpose the applicant shall furnish such evidence and undergo such examinations and tests as the Director General may require of him.

1.2.2 A license granted by the Director General shall entitle the holder to such

privileges and be subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified by the Director General.


1.2.3 The Director General Shall grant licenses, subject to such conditions as he

thinks fit, upon his/her being satisfied that the applicant is a fit person to hold the license and is qualified by reason of his/her knowledge, experience, competence, skill and mental and physical fitness to act in the capacity to which the license relates and for that purpose the applicant shall furnish such evidence and undertake such examinations and tests as the Director General may specify.

1.2.4 The Director General is authorized to amend this/her requirement as and when

necessary. 1.3 FLIGHT CREW LICENSES 1.3.1 TYPE OF LICENSES:

Licenses granted under these requirements shall have the following types and privileges:

a) A Student Pilot License: being a license, authorizing the holder to

receive practical flight instruction, and to fly solo, within the territorial boundaries of Nepal for the purpose of qualifying for the issue of a higher grade of license.

b) A Private Pilot License: being a license authorizing the holder to fly as

pilot-in-command or as co-pilot of a private helicopter. c) A Commercial Pilot License: being a license authorizing the holder to

act as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot in any private Helicopter, to act as pilot-in-command in any commercial air transportation in any Helicopter certificated for single pilot operation or to act as co-pilot in any commercial air transport Helicopter required to be operated with a co-pilot.

d) An Airline Transport Pilot License: being a license authorizing the

holder to act as pilot-in-command, or as co-pilot in any private or commercial air transport Helicopter.

e) A Flight Engineer License: being a license authorizing the holder to act

as flight engineer in any private or commercial air transport Helicopter. f) A Balloon Pilot License: being a license authorizing the holder to act as

a pilot in any type of hot air balloon. g) A Glider Pilot License: being a license authorizing the holder to act as

a pilot in any glider.


h) An Ultra Light Pilot License: being a license authorizing the holder to act as a pilot in any ultra light aircraft.

i) A Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher License: being a

license authorizing the holder to act as a Flight Operation Officer.

1.3.2 RATING: 1.3.2.1 A person holding a license issued or validated by the Director General

shall not exercise the privileges of his/her license by: a) acting as a pilot, or as a flight engineer of an Helicopter unless a

rating appropriate to the type of Helicopter is included in his/her license;

b) acting as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot under Instrument Flight

Rules unless an Instrument Rating is included in his/her license; c) giving flight instruction required for the issue of a pilot license or

for the issue of a rating unless he holds an Instructor rating endorsed on his/her license, and in the case of flight instruction for the issue or renewal of an Instrument Rating, also holds an Instrument Rating.

1.3.2.2 A rating for a specific type of Helicopter shall entitle the holder of a

pilot license, containing that rating, to act as Pilot-in-Command or as co-pilot, whichever function is authorized by that rating, in that type of Helicopter.

1.3.2.3 A rating for a specific type of Helicopter shall entitle the holder of a

Flight Engineer license containing that rating to act as a Flight Engineer in that type of Helicopter.

1.3.3 VALIDITY OF LICENSES:

1.3.3.1 Licenses granted under these requirements shall have the following periods of validity:

a) A Private Pilot License, A Commercial Pilot License, An Airline Transport Pilot License, A Flight Engineer License, A Balloon Pilot License, A Glider Pilot License and An Ultra Light Pilot License have the same period of validity as the period of validity mentioned in 1.3.4.2 Medical Validity.

b) A Flight Operations Officers License- 24 months

1.3.4 MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS: A person applying for the issuance or renewal of a license to act as a member of

the operating crew of an Helicopter shall be required to undergo a medical examination to ascertain whether his/her physical and mental condition


conform, to the standard of fitness as stated in the Medical Manual issued by Director General.

1.3.4.1 MEDICAL ASSESSMENT:

A person holding a license issued under these requirements authorizing him to act as a member of a flight crew shall not do so unless he holds a current medical assessment given under the authority of the Director General by the medical examiners of Civil Aviation Medical Board.

1.3.4.2 MEDICAL VALIDITY: A medical assessment shall become current on the date it is issued and shall

expire: a) in the case of the holder of a Private Pilot License, on the last day

of the sixtieth month (the holder whose age is 40 years or more-24 months or the holder whose age is 50 years or more-12 months) after the month in which the assessment was issued;

b) in the case of the holder of a Commercial Pilot License, on the last day of the twelfth month after the month in which the assessment was issued; however, for single-crew commercial air operations where the holder has reached his/her 40th birthday, the validity shall not exceed six months.

c) in the case of the holder of an Airline Transport Pilot License, on

the last day of the twelfth month (the holder whose age is 40 years or more and engaged in single-crew commercial air operations - 6 months or the holder whose age is 60 years or more in multi-crew operations - 6 months) after the month in which the assessment was issued;

d) in the case of the holder of a Flight Engineer License, on the last day of the twelfth month after the month in which the assessment was issued.

e) in the case of the holder of a Balloon Pilot License, on the last day

of the sixtieth month after the month in which the assessment was issued.

f) in the case of the holder of a Glider Pilot License, on the last day

of the sixtieth month after the month in which the assessment was issued.

g) in the case of the holder of a Ultra Light Pilot License, on the last

day of the twelfth month after the month in which the assessment was issued.


1.3.5 MEDICAL UNFITNESS: 1.3.5.1 Temporary Unfitness

a) A person holding a license issued under these requirements which includes a medical assessment, who suffers any personal injury or illness affecting his/her capacity to function as member of a flight crew throughout a period of 20 days or more; or is a woman who becomes pregnant, shall inform the Director General as soon as possible. On the occurrence of such an injury, illness or pregnancy, the medical assessment shall be deemed to be suspended and shall not again become current until the holder has undergone such medical examination.

b) A person holding a license issued under these requirements which

includes a current medical assessment, shall not exercise the privileges of his/her license if he is aware that his/her capacity to efficiently perform his/her duties is likely to be impaired by a decrease in his/her medical fitness other than one described in sub paragraph (1) above.

1.3.5.2 Permanent Unfitness

a) A license holder who is found unfit to perform his/her flight duty permanently on medical ground shall be declared permanently unfit by Director General on the recommendation of Civil Aviation Medical Board. Such person shall be relieved from flight duty on permanent basis.

b) However, if due to new medical technology and procedures, such a

person fully recovers from his/her unfitness, the Director General may consider him to act as a flight crew on the recommendation of CAMB.

1.3.6 ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION

From January 2001 for initial endorsement, the pilot must have an academic qualification of Class 12 or equivalent in which the subjects of physics and mathematics are covered.

1.3.7 AGE LIMIT:

1.3.7.1 The holder of a Commercial Pilot License, or an Airline Transport Pilot License shall not act as pilot-in-command, or as co-pilot of an aircraft engaged in commercial air transport operations, if the license holders have attained their 60th birthday or, in the case of operations with more than one pilot where the other pilot is younger than 60 years of age, their 65th birthday.


1.4 ISSUANCE OF FLIGHT CREW LICENSE

1.4.1 PRIVATE PILOT LICENSE-HELICOPTER 1.4.1.1 Age and Medical Qualification Applicant must not be less than 17 years of age and must hold a current

Class II Medical Assessment. However, if the applicant applies for an Instrument Rating, he/she must meet the Class I requirements for hearing.

1.4.1.2 Technical Knowledge, Experience and Practical Flying Applicant must hold a Private Pilot License-Helicopter issued by a

contracting state. In addition applicants must have completed in helicopters:

a) not less than 40 hours of flight time, dual and solo,. b) Ten hours of solo flight time, including not less than five hours of

which shall be cross-country flight time which includes a flight to a landing not less than 100 nautical miles distant from the point of departure and including a landing at two different points.

1.4.1.3 Applicants will also be required to successfully complete a written

examination as specified by the Director General of their knowledge of the contents of Nepalese Civil Aviation Rules and Regulations including relevant portions of Aeronautical Information Publication, Flight Operations Requirements and Nepalese Civil Airworthiness Requirements.

1.4.2 COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE-HELICOPTERS 1.4.2.1 Age and Medical Qualification Applicants must be not less than 18 years of age and must hold a current

Class I Medical Assessment. 1.4.2.2 Technical Knowledge Experience and Practical Flying Applicants must have completed a course of approved training in a

Contracting State and must hold a Commercial Pilot License-Helicopter issued by that State. In addition applicants must have completed in Helicopters not less than 150 hours of flight time or 100 hours of flight time if the person has satisfactorily completed a course of approved helicopter training. The total of 150 hours or 100 hours, in helicopters, as the case may be shall include:

a) 35 hours flight time as pilot-in-command.


b) 10 hours of cross-country flight time as pilot-in-command including a cross-country flight in the course of which landings at two different points shall be made.

c) 10 hours of instrument instruction time of which not more than 5 hours may be instrument ground time; and

d) if the privileges of the license are to be exercised at night, 5 hours of night flight time including 5 take-offs and 5 landing patterns as pilot-in-command.

1.4.2.3 The holder of Commercial Pilot License - Aeroplane, who applies for a

helicopter category must have to fulfill all the requirement of 1.4.2.1 and 1.4.2.2 of Commercial Pilot License - Helicopter of this chapter. Except in this case not more than 25 hours of flying in aeroplane may be granted while crediting towards his/her total time required.

1.4.2.4 For conversion to Nepalese license, an applicant shall successfully

complete a written examination on Basic CPL.

Syllabus is in Appendix C.

1.4.2.5 Applicants will also be required to successfully complete written examination as specified by the Director General of their knowledge of the contents of Nepalese Civil Aviation Rules and Regulations including relevant portion of Aeronautical Information Publication, Flight Operations Requirements and Nepalese Civil Airworthiness Requirements.

1.4.3 AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENSE (ATPL) - HELICOPTER

1.4.3.1 Age and Medical Qualifications Applicants must be not less than 21 years of age and must hold a current

Class I Medical Assessment.

1.4.3.2 Technical Knowledge, Experience and Practical Flying Skill

1.4.3.2.1 An applicant must hold a current Commercial Pilot Licence for Helicopter.

1.4.3.2.2 Applicants must have completed not less than 1000 hrs. of

flight time as a pilot of helicopters, of which not less than 400 hrs. shall be as pilot of Helicopter operated by at least two pilots, including not less than;

a) 250 hours, either as pilot-in-command, or made up by not less than 100 hours as pilot-in-command and the necessary additional flight time as co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the pilot-in-command, the duties


and functions of a pilot-in-command, provided that the method of supervision employed is acceptable to the Licensing Authority.

b) 200 hours of cross country flight time, of which not less than 100 hours shall be as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the pilot-in-command, the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command, provided that the method of supervision employed is acceptable to the Licensing Authority.

c) 30 hours of instrument time, of which not more than 10 hours may be instrument ground time; and

d) 50 hours of night flight as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot.

1.4.3.2.3 Applicants must have successfully completed appropriate

tests of their technical knowledge and the practical flying skill with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted for Airline Transport Pilot License.

1.4.3.2.4 Total Flying Time of 1000 hours mentioned in 1.4.3.2.2

should be earned according to 1.5.8 CREDITING OF FLIGHT TIME.

1.4.3.2.5 An applicant shall successfully complete a written

examination of ATPL. 1.4.3.2.6 If a pilot is converting his/her license into Nepalese license

for the first time, he is required to successfully complete a written examination as specified by the Director General of their knowledge of the contents of the Nepalese Aeronautical Information, Flight Operations Requirement including Air Navigation Directives and relevant Nepalese Civil Aviation Regulations and Nepalese Civil Airworthiness Requirements.

1.4.3.2.7 Airline Transport Pilot License (H) Restricted to VFR and

day operation only, will be issued to an applicant who does not fulfill the experience mentioned in clause 1.4.3.2.2 (c) and (d).


1.4.8 FLIGHT ENGINEER LICENSE - HELICOPTERS 1.4.8.1 Age and Medical Qualifications Applicants must be not less than 21 years of age and must hold a current

Class 1 Medical Assessment. 1.4.8.2 Educational Qualification Applicants must have passed Class 12 (with Mathematics and Physics)

or its equivalent acceptable to Director General. 1.4.8.3 Technical Knowledge, Experience and Practical Flying Tests

Applicant must have:

a) Aircraft Maintenance Technician (AMT) License, in the Categories 'A' & 'C' on type for which the Flight Engineer is required, issued or validated by CAAN, or

A Commercial Pilot License in helicopter/rotorcraft having completed not less than 1000 hours of flight, or

Degree in Aeronautical Engineering (must be recognized by the Civil Aviation Department of the issuing country without any limitations or conditions).

b) successfully completed an approved Flight Engineers Ground Course or hold current Flight Engineer's License issued by a Contracting State.

c) passed Basic Flight Engineers Examination conducted by CAAN.

d) completed, under the supervision of an Instructor Flight Engineer, not less than 100 hrs of flight time in the performance of the duties of Flight Engineer. The maximum of 50 hrs on approved flight simulator is acceptable as part of the total flight time of 100 hrs.

Operational experience in the performance of the duties of a Flight Engineer, under the supervision of an Instructor Flight Engineer, in at least the following areas: i. normal procedure

- pre-flight inspections - fueling procedures, fuel management - inspection of maintenance documents - normal flight deck procedures during all phases of flight - crew co-ordination and procedures in case of crew

incapacitation - defect reporting


ii. abnormal and alternate - recognition of abnormal functioning of Helicopter systems - use of abnormal and alternate (standby) procedure

iii. emergency procedure

- recognition of emergency conditions - use of appropriate emergency procedures

1.4.9 FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER (FLIGHT DISPATCHER) LICENSE

1.4.9.1 AGE

An applicant must not be less than 21 years of age.

1.4.9.2 ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION

An applicant must have an academic qualification of proficiency certificate level or equivalent in any discipline.

1.4.9.3 Technical Knowledge

a) An applicant who has satisfactorily completed a course of approved Flight Operations Officer (Flight Dispatcher) training in a contracting state or hold a Flight Operations Officer (Aeroplane Dispatcher ) license issued by the contracting state.

Or An applicant who holds a Commercial Pilot License and obtain a

15 days of On the Job Training (OJT) on Flight Dispatching.

Or

A person who has completed an approved Air Traffic Controller Course from a contracting state with at least 2 years of professional experience and obtain a 30 days of On the Job Training (OJT) on Flight Dispatching.

Or

A person who holds a Flight engineer license from a contracting

state and obtain a 45 days of On the Job Training (OJT) on Flight Dispatching.

b) An applicant for license shall successfully complete written examination as specified by Director General on the subject matter covering the approved syllabus for Aeroplane dispatcher.


c) Applicants will also be required to successfully complete a written or oral examination as specified by the Director General of their knowledge of the contents of the Nepalese Aeronautical Information Publication, Flight Operations Requirements and relevant Nepalese Civil Airworthiness Requirements etc.

1.5 RATINGS ENDORSEMENT 1.5.1 For the initial endorsement of a Rating, revalidation of expired Ratings and the

re-issuance of License and/or Ratings, a CAAN observer pilot should be present during the briefing session and on-board during in-flight phases of the check-ride if conducted by an Instructor Pilot; however, an observer from CAAN is not required if the checkride is being conducted by a Designated Check Pilot.

1.5.2 An Instructor Pilot or DCP shall not conduct checkrides to the pilot to whom he

has given flight or simulator training unless as approved otherwise by the Director General, CAAN.

1.5.3 HELICOPTER TYPE RATING - PILOT

1.5.3.1 An Helicopter Type Rating will be included in a pilot license when it is first issued and will authorize the holder to act as Pilot-in-Command or co-pilot of the Helicopter type, or group, on which the holder successfully demonstrates his/her competence in accordance with the requirement of qualifying the issue of a license.

1.5.3.2 Ratings for other Helicopter types may be included subsequently if the

license holder submits a current license issued by a Contracting State applicable to the category and class of an Helicopter, and,

a) upon successful completion of the Ground Class and Flight Test as per the CAAN approved type course satisfies for the endorsement of Type Rating; or

b) successfully completes an examination of his/her Technical and Performance knowledge of the particular Helicopter type and undergoes a flight training and test satisfactorily for the endorsement of Type Rating.

1.5.4 HELICOPTER TYPE RATING –FLIGHT ENGINEER An Helicopter type rating will be included in a Flight Engineer License, if he/she has :

a) successfully completed an approved particular Helicopter type course

b) passed a written examination of his/her technical knowledge of the Helicopter type conducted by CAAN.

c) a practical flight test in that type of Helicopter for which rating is sought.


1.5.5 INSTRUMENT RATING

1.5.5.1 An Instrument Rating will be included in a pilot license, if the holder:

a) produces a pilot license, issued by a Contracting State, which contains an Instrument Rating applicable to the category and class;

b) passes a practical instrument competency check (during initial endorsement, competency check of precision approach in approved instrument procedure trainer conducted within a year may satisfy the requirement )

c) such instrument competency check may be conducted in part or all of the check in instrument (flight) procedure trainer equipped for instrument flying or an Helicopter simulator which is/are approved by the Director General.

1.5.5.2 A current Airline Transport Pilot License will entitle the holder to act as pilot-in-command or co-pilot in an Helicopter for which the person holds an Helicopter rating, when flying in compliance with Instrument Flight Rules.

1.5.6 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR RATINGS

a) A Flight Instructor Rating will be issued to an applicant who shall:

i) have completed not less than 1000 hours of flight time as a Pilot-in-Command on the category and class of Helicopter involved and not less than 100 hours as Pilot-in-Command on type of Helicopter.

ii) have satisfactorily completed an approved training course of flight instruction and ground training techniques, which includes:

a) techniques of applied instruction; b) assessment of student performance in those subjects in which

ground instruction is given; c) the learning process; d) elements of effective teaching; e) student evaluation and testing, training philosophies; f) training programme development; g) lesson planning; h) classroom instructional techniques; i) use of training aids; j) analysis and correction of student errors; k) human performance relevant to flight instruction;

and/or produces a current pilot license containing an Instructor Rating issued by a Contracting State,

iii) has satisfactorily completed an oral examination as specified. iv) has undergone not less than 3 hours of flight training applicable for

the Instructor Rating; and


v) has satisfactorily completed a flight check showing his/her ability to perform his/her duties as an Instructor with an Instructor Pilot or a DCP designated by the Director General.

b) A Flight Instructor Rating included in a pilot license will have the same

period of validity as the license and will be revalidated upon renewal of the license.

1.5.7 FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR RATING - FLIGHT ENGINEER (F/E)

a) A Flight Instructor Rating included in a Flight Engineer License will entitle the holder to give flight instruction in the type or types of Helicopter for which he holds a current rating.

b) A Flight Engineer Instructor Rating will be issued to an applicant who

produces a current F/E license including Instructor Rating issued by a Contracting State or who shall have :

i) completed not less than 1000 hours of flight time as a Flight Engineer on the type of Helicopter involved;

ii) have satisfactorily completed an approved training course of

flight instruction and ground training techniques and iii) has satisfactorily completed a flight check showing his/her

ability to act as an instructor with an Instructor (F/E) or Flight Engineer, designated by Director General.

c) A Flight Instructor Rating in a F/E license will have the same period of

validity as the license and will be revalidated upon renewal of the license.

1.5.8 RATING OF THE SAME GROUP (SERIES)

a) Rating on Helicopter of same group (Series) shall each be endorsed independently but considered as a single type unless the Director General finds the difference on the performance and handling characteristics between Helicopters are hazardous to safety.

b) Pilot for the endorsement on operating series of Helicopter should have to demonstrate Helicopter handling with an Instructor Pilot and with prior notification to Director General.

c) Pilot Proficiency Check (PPC) for renewal of licensing purpose in any Helicopter may be substituted for other Helicopters in series.

1.5.9 Rating(s) included in a license shall have the same period of validity as the

license and will be revalidated upon renewal of the license.


1.6 CREDITING OF FLIGHT TIME

a) A student pilot or the holder of a pilot license shall be entitled to be credited in full with all solo, dual instruction and Pilot-in-Command flight time towards the total flight time required for the initial issue of a pilot license or the issue of a higher grade of pilot license.

b) The holder of a pilot license, when acting as co-pilot of an Helicopter required to be operated with a co-pilot, shall be entitled to be credited with not more than 50 percent of the co-pilot flight time towards the total flight time required for a higher grade of pilot license.

c) The holder of a pilot license when acting as co-pilot on commercial air transport operations in Helicopter required to be operated with a co-pilot is entitled to be credited with the total flight time experience during which that co-pilot is performing the duties and functions of a Pilot-in-Command under the supervision of Instructor-pilot, provided that during every such flight that co-pilot :-

1. is responsible for checking the accuracy of the proposed flight plan and the load sheet for the flight including the computation of fuel; and

2. ensures that all checks are carried out in accordance with the check system established by the operator to be followed by the crew members of the Helicopter -

i) before take-off, and ii) take-off; and iii) in flight; and iv) landing; and v) in any emergency. so as to ensure that the procedures contained in the operations manual or other relevant documents have been complied with by each crew member; and

3. Carries out all the duties and functions of a Pilot-in-Command so far as is

practical from the co-pilot flight station; and

4. In the case of operations conducted by automatic means, takes all decisions relating to the use of the flight and ground systems involved; and

5. ensures that all problems occasioned by meteorological conditions, communications and air traffic control procedures have been resolved and provided also that for every such flight the instructor-pilot designated to supervise that co-pilot has certified an appropriate entry in that copilots logbook or a permanent record of flight has been made by the operator.


d. Pilot-In-Command time

A pilot may log only such flight time as Pilot-in-Command during which he is the sole manipulator of control of an Helicopter for which he is rated or when he acts as pilot-in-command of an Helicopter on which more than one pilot is required under the type certification of the Helicopter or the regulation under which the flight is conducted.

e. Co-pilot

A pilot may log as co-pilot time of all flight time during which he acts as co-pilot of an airplane on which more than one pilot is required under the type certification of an Helicopter or the regulations under which the flight is conducted.

f. Instrument Flight Time

A pilot may log only such flight time as an instrument flight time during which he operates the Helicopter solely by reference to instrument under actual or simulated flight conditions. Each entry must include the type of instrument approach completed and the name of the safety pilot for each simulated instrument flight.

g. Flight Instruction Time

An instructor pilot may log as time of flight instruction of all the flight time during which renders his/her service as an Instructor Pilot for fulfilling the requirements of CAAN regulations and/or operator's requirements.

An Instrument Instructor Pilot may log as instrument time during which he acts

as an Instrument Instructor Pilot in actual weather condition.

h. Pilot Log Book

The aeronautical experience and training used to meet the requirements for issuance of licenses and ratings and other recent flight experience requirements must be shown by a reliable record.

Each Pilot shall enter the following information for each flight or lesson logged:

1) date, 2) total time of flight, 3) place or points of departure and arrival, 4) type and identification of an Helicopter, 5) solo, Pilot-in-Command and second-in-command, 6) flight instruction received from an instructor pilot, 7) instrument flight instruction received from an Instructor Pilot, 8) other pilot time, 9) day or night, 10) actual instrument flight time, 11) simulated flight time.


1.7 LICENSE RENEWAL

The renewal application should reach at concerned CAAN office at least 15 days before the expiry of the license with the required fees. CAAN will issue a note to the holder against the deposit of the license which will act equivalent to the license until the holder is in receipt of his/her revalidated license. The renewal requirements for different types of license is as follows:

1.7.1 PRIVATE PILOT LICENSE (Helicopter) An applicant for the renewal of a Private Pilot License must produce the license

to be renewed, a current Class II Medical Assessment, and evidence that he has, in the period of 6 months immediately preceding the application, flown not less than 5 hours solo flight time, or that he has successfully completed a flight test of his/her proficiency in an aircraft.

1.7.2 COMMERCIAL PILOT LICENSE (Helicopter) An applicant for the renewal of a Commercial Pilot License-Helicopter must

produce the license to be renewed with a Flight Crew Renewal Application Form duly filled and following documents :

1) current Class I medical assessment (medical form is in Appendix-1) 2) Pilot Proficiency Check report of all types 3) a route check as applicable. 4) recurrent ground training as appropriate 5) pilot log book

1.7.3 AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT LICENSE (Helicopter)

An applicant for the renewal of a Airline Transport Pilot License must produce

the license to be renewed with a license renewal form duly filled and following documents :

1) current Class I medical assessment 2) Pilot Proficiency Check report of all types 3) a route check as applicable. 4) recurrent ground training as appropriate 5) pilot log book

1.7.4 FLIGHT ENGINEER LICENSE (Helicopter)

An applicant for the renewal of a Flight Engineer License must produce the license to be renewed with a license renewal form duly filled and following documents :

a) a current Class I medical assessment b) a proficiency check which shows his ability to carry out the functions of a

flight engineer in an helicopter of the type for which he holds and helicopter rating, or in a flight simulator approved for the purpose by the Director General,


Note : This requirement may be deemed to be satisfied if he has within the preceding 12 months carried out two such checks, provided that the interval between the checks is not less than 4 months.

c) recurrent ground training as appropriate, d) Flight Engineer’s log book,

1.7.5 FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER (FLIGHT DISPATCHER) LICENSE

a) An applicant for renewal of a Flight Operations Officer License must produce the license, along with a certificate from his employee to the effect that he is successfully working as a Flight Operations Officer or Aeroplane Dispatcher.

b) Evidence that he has within the immediate preceding 12 months made at least one one-way flight on the flight deck of an Aeroplane over an area in which he is authorized to exercise his duties.

1.8 RECENT EXPERIENCE The holder of a license issued under these requirements shall not exercise the

privileges of his/her license by acting as a pilot, a flight engineer or Flight Operations Officer unless he has satisfied the requirements for recent experience as specified.

1.8.1 Recent Experience for Private Pilot

The holder of Private Pilot License shall not exercise the privilege of the holder's license unless that person, within the immediate preceding 6 months, has flown not less than 5 hours of flight time as a private pilot in an Helicopter of the same type.

1.8.2 Recent Experience for Instrument Rating

a) No pilot may act as a pilot-in-command or a co-pilot in an Helicopter under Instrument Flight Rules nor in weather conditions less than the minima prescribed for Visual Flight Rules, unless he, within the past 6 calendar months has logged at least 6 hours of instrument time under actual or simulated Instrument Flight Conditions, where at least 6 instrument approaches in the category of Helicopter involved are made.

b) A pilot acting as either pilot-in-command or copilot will remain

current for 6 months only, after an instrument proficiency check, if no further IFR flights are made.

1.8.3 Recent Experience for Flight Instructor

The holder of Instructor Rating shall not exercise the privileges of his/her rating to act as a flight instructor:


a) Unless he, within the past 24 calendar months, has logged at least 10

hours of instruction time as a Flight Instructor, or

b) Unless he, successfully undergoes special Pilot Proficiency Check designed and approved for flight instructors.

1.8.4 Recent Experience for Pilot-In-Command As mentioned under Chapter 6

1.8.5 Recent Experience for Co-pilot As mentioned under Chapter 6

1.8.6 Recent Experience for Flight Engineer

a) A Flight Engineer shall not be assigned to duty as flight engineer of an Helicopter engaged in commercial air transportation unless:

he has in the preceding 90 days served as the Flight Engineer of the same type of Helicopter; and

he has in the preceding six months, demonstrated his/her ability to carry out the functions of a Flight Engineer during a check of his/her proficiency in the same type of Helicopter; this/her requirement may be deemed to be satisfied if he has within the preceding twelve months carried out two such checks, provided that the interval between the checks is not less than four months.

b) The above requirements may be satisfied during a proficiency check or during a course of training carried out in a flight simulator approved for the purpose by the Director General.

1.8.7 Recent Experience for Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher

The holder of a flight operations officer (Helicopter Dispatcher) license shall not exercise the privileges of his/her license unless he has under taken the duties and function of a Flight Operations Officer or Helicopter Dispatcher not less than six times during the immediately preceding period of six months.

In the absence of above mentioned requirement he must successfully complete an examination of his/her knowledge on the following:

- the contents of the relevant Operations Manual.

- the radio equipment and navigational equipment in the Helicopter used and in regard to any area in which he will be authorized to exercise his/her duties or flight supervision.


- his/her knowledge of seasonal meteorological conditions and sources of meteorological information.

- the effects of meteorological conditions on radio reception in the Helicopter used, the peculiarities and limitations of each navigational system which is used in operation.

- the Helicopter loading instruction. 1.9 EXPIRY OF EXAMINATION AND LICENSE/RATINGS

1.9.1 Expiry of Examination

a) An applicant who fails in a written test may not apply for re-testing until 30 days after the date he failed the test.

However in the case of his/her first failure, may request for re-testing

before the 30 days have expired upon presenting written statement from an instructor or operator instructor pilot certifying that he has given remedial flight instruction as appropriate to the applicant and finds him competent to pass the test.

b) An applicant will be eligible for flight test within 12 months of his/her passing the ground test(s).

c) After elapse of 12 months or more but not more than 24 months of passing written test, the applicant is required to undergo a refresher ground course with flight training to be eligible for the flight test.

d) After elapse of 24 months of written test the candidate is required for a written test applicable to the initial ground course and flight training to be eligible for flight test(s).

1.9.2 Expiry of License and/or Ratings

1.9.2.1 Where a license has not been renewed by the date of expiry, the validity of the license stands lapsed. A holder of the expired license shall not exercise the privileges of his/her license/rating until he has either received his/her renewed license/rating or has got special approval from the Authority.

1.9.2.2 Where a license is current but a Rating has expired, the holder shall

fulfill all the requirements as required under 1.9.3 1.9.3 Revalidation of expired license or ratings To restore the validity of an expired license, the holder shall meet the

requirements subject to the expiry period from the date of expiry as follows;


a) For the period of 3 months, the applicant shall fulfill all the requirements necessary for the renewal of the license/ratings.

b) If the duration is more than 3 months but less than 12 months, the applicant shall successfully complete approved refresher ground course and a flight test on type of the Helicopter(s) or approved Flight Simulator.

c) If the duration is more than 12 months but less than 24 months, the applicant shall successfully complete approved refresher ground course, flight training and flight test on the type of Helicopter(s).

d) If the duration is more than 24 months, the applicant shall successfully complete all the requirements necessary for initial training on type, which includes the approved ground course, Civil Aviation examination, flight training with specified hours and a checkride.

e) If the duration is more than 60 months the applicant shall successfully complete all the requirements necessary for initial issue which includes;

1) a current medical examination

2) a certificate from a CAAN approved Ground or Flight Instructor certifying that the student has carried out sufficient refresher training covering the contents of the course syllabus approved for CAAN's ATPL or CPL examination as relevant.

3) he shall successfully complete the examination on Aeronautical Information Publication, Flight Operation Requirements, NCAR and Civil Aviation Rules.

4) while undergoing a new type conversion, he shall successfully complete the approved ground course and CAAN examination on type.

5) he shall undergo the flight training as required by Chapter 10;

6) he shall have to successfully complete a check-ride on type. 1.9.4 Re-issuance of license

Where a holder has misplaced, destroyed or mutilated a license beyond recognition, he is required to meet the following requirements for the issue of a duplicate license:

1) Application Form

2) A copy of advertisement made on national news paper in case of a misplaced license

3) Fee equivalent to the renewal of the license/rating.


1.10 OFFENCE

1.10.1 Any person who :

a) contravenes or fails to comply with any provision of this/her Requirement.

b) performs any duty or exercises or any functions for which a license or rating is required under this/her Flight Operation Requirements.

c) makes a false or deceptive statement or in connection with any application for a license rating or certificate issued under Flight Operations Requirement.

d) makes procures or assists in the making or procuring of any false or deceptive entry in any document book or record made or kept under any rules made under Flight Operation Requirements.

e) destroys mutilates or alters any document book or record made or kept under any rules made under Flight Operation Requirements.

f) obstructs or hinders an investigation carried;

g) obstructs or impedes any authorized person acting in the performance or exercise of any duties powers of functions conferred on him by this/her Requirements.

h) does or attempts to do any thing likely to imperil the safety of an Helicopter or its passengers or crew;

shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to any of

a) a warning

b) a temporary suspension to perform his/her duty

c) suspension or revocation of license (or including suspension and cancellation of an authorization, permission, ratings or other endorsements)

d) a fine and/or possible imprisonment as applicable.

1.10.2 The Owner, Operator, Hirer or a Pilot-In-Command of an Helicopter which flies in contravention of any rules made under Flight Operations Requirement, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to any of a warning, suspension or revocation of license, a fine and possible imprisonment as applicable, unless it is proved that the alleged contravention took place without that person is actual fault.


1.11 MISCELLANEOUS 1.11.1 PERSONS NOT TO ACT WITHOUT A LICENSE 1.11.1.1 A person shall not, unless specially permitted by the Director General

perform any duty or exercise any function, or do any act for which : a) a license; b) a certificate; or c) a rating or other endorsement: on a license or certificate, is

required under these requirements without holding; 1) the appropriate license or certificate; or 2) a license or certificate containing the appropriate rating

or other endorsement. 1.11.1.2 Where a license or certificate is suspended, or a rating or other

endorsement on a license or certificate is suspended or cancelled, under these requirements the person to whom the license or certificate was granted shall not for the purpose be deemed to be the holder of the license or certificate containing the rating or other endorsement, as the case may be, during the period of suspension or cancellation.

1.11.1.3 A person shall not purport to give a certificate, or to issue a

document, (for the purpose of these requirements) unless he is authorized, under these requirements, to do so.

1.11.1.4 The holder of license or certificate shall not : a) negligently perform a duty that he is qualified to perform under

the term of his/her license or certificate; or b) issue a certificate that he is required or empowered to issue

under these requirements without ensuring that all matters certified therein are true and correct in every material particular.

1.11.2 CHANGE OF ADDRESS OF LICENSE HOLDER Where the holder of a license, certificate, permit or authority under these

requirements changes his/her place of abode or business or the address notified in accordance with the requirement, he shall forthwith furnish to the Director General a notice in writing of the change.


1.11.3 SURRENDER OF LICENSES 1.11.3.1 The holder of a license, or certificate, or a person having custody or a

license, certificate or other document issued under these requirements, shall, if the Director General by notice in writing so requires, surrender the license, certificate or document to the Director General within the time specified in the notice.

1.11.3.2 A person shall not, with intent to evade the requirements destroy, mutilate or deface any document which he is required to surrender to the Director General.

1.11.3.3 A replacement of a lost or destroyed license will be issued by the Director General upon the request of the holder.

1.11.4 RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN LICENSES

1.11.4.1 A valid license issued by a Contracting State shall establish validity by issuing suitable Authorization Letter accepting it as the equivalent to the Nepalese License.

1.11.4.2 The validity of the Authorization shall be according to the license validity specified in this/her Requirements and shall not extend beyond the period of validity of the license.

1.11.4.3 The Authorization issued under this/her provision shall be renewed according to the license renewal requirements specified in this/her Requirements.

1.11.4.4 The training and medical reports conducted in the state of origin may be considered for the renewal of Authorization, subject to their validity and examinations corresponds to the provision made on this/her Requirements and Medical Manual issued by Director General.

1.11.5 ISSUANCE OF LICENSE TO FOREIGN NATIONAL The Director General may issue the Nepalese License to foreign national as

deemed necessary. The procedure of the issuance and renewal of this/her type of license / rating is same as that specified in this/her Requirements.

1.11.6 DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY Director General may delegate his/her authority to perform the whole or the part

of this/her requirement to his/her inspectors or officials under him.


1.11.7 INSPECTION AUTHORITY

1.11.7.1 Each certificate holder shall allow the inspectors of Director General in their respective fields at any time or place to make an inspection or test to determine its compliance with the civil air regulation, its operating certificate and its operations specifications or its eligibility to continue to hold its certificate.

1.11.7.2 Any person appointed by Director General as an authorized officer or inspector shall be permitted at any time to board and to enter and remain on the flight deck, provided that the commander of the Helicopter, during in flight phase, may refuse to allow the authorized officer to enter or remain in the flight deck if in his/her opinion, the safety of the Helicopter would thereby be endangered.

1.11.7.3 All authorized officers of CAAN for liaison and inspection carry a CAAN/identity document, which will be produced on request. Request for arrangements of tickets on free passage and other required facilities to help to complete the task of inspection, will normally be made in advance. Except in case of the random surveillance inspection on base, while preparing the flight and in-flight, notification will not be made in advance.

1.11.7.4 Authorized officer or inspector will also visit time to time to observe the conduct of ground classes, demonstration classes etc of operator and observe the training flight, competency check, type rating tests and instrument renewal tests. They are also empowered to inspect flight crew licenses and records of training and tests.

Flight Operations Requirements-Helicopter CHAP 2- 1 2 January 2009 Fourth Edition

CHAPTER 2

REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO HOLDERS OF AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

2.1 COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS, REGULATIONS AND PROCEDURES

2.1.1 The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General shall prepare an Operations Manual which shall contain all such information and instructions as are relevant to the flight operations of all types of Helicopter which are operated by the operator and such information and instructions as may be specified by the Director General to facilitate the Safe Operation..

2.1.2 The Operator shall provide a copy of the Operations Manual and all amendments/additions as may be required, to all the concerned operations personnel which is approved by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN). The operator shall incorporate in the Operations Manual such mandatory material as and when required by CAAN. The Helicopter to which such amendment or addition applies shall not fly for the purpose of commercial operations until such amendments or addition are made effective.

2.1.3 The Manual shall not conflict with any rule, Flight Operations Requirement or other direction issued by the Director General and in the case of an operator engaged in international operations, shall also not conflict with the laws, regulations and procedures of the countries into and over which his Helicopter are operated.

2.1.4 The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General shall establish and maintain a ground and flight training programme to ensure that each flight crew member, and each Flight Operations Officer employed for operational control duties, is adequately trained to perform his assigned duties. The facilities, and the qualifications of the instructors, and the ground and flight training programmes shall be subject to the approval of the Director General.

2.1.5 The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General

shall establish aerodrome operating minima approved by Director General for each aerodrome to be used in his operations. Such minima shall contain:

2.1.6 Flight and Duty Time Limitations

a) The holder of an air operator certificate issued by the Director General shall not permit an Helicopter to fly unless he has established a scheme, which is approved by the Director General, for the regulation of flight and duty times and rest periods of each member of the crew of that Helicopter, and shall observe the limitations if any, specified by the Director General in respect of such flight and duty times and rest periods


b) An operator shall not cause or permit any person to fly as a member of the crew of an Helicopter if he knows or has any reason to believe that person is suffering from fatigue to the extent that the safety of the Helicopter would be endangered.

c) Flight time and duty period limitations are established for the purpose of reducing the probability that fatigue of members of the crew of an Helicopter may adversely affect the safety of flight. The primary concern is in relation to members of the flight crew, but it must be recognized that a cabin attendant who is suffering from fatigue, may, if an emergency occurs, fail in his assigned emergency duty.

d) To prevent the occurrence of cumulative fatigue because of inadequate periods for recuperation after the occurrence of, in particular, transient fatigue, minimum rest periods need to be established between successive periods of duty.

2.1.7 Operators shall ensure that their employees when abroad know that they must comply with the laws, regulations and procedures of Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal while conducting domestic as well as international helicopter operations.

2.1.8 Operators shall ensure that all pilots are familiar with the laws, regulations and procedures, pertinent to the performance of their duties, prescribed for the areas to be traversed, the heliports to be used and the air navigation facilities relating thereto. The operator shall ensure that other members of the flight crew are familiar with such of these regulations and procedures as are pertinent to the performance of their respective duties in the operation of the helicopter.

2.1.9 Operators shall ensure that flight crew members demonstrate the ability to speak and understand the English language used for radiotelephony communications.

2.1.10 An operator or a designated representative shall have responsibility for operational control.

2.1.11 Responsibility for operational control shall be delegated only to the pilot-in-command and to a flight operations officer/flight dispatcher if an operator’s approved method of control and supervision of flight operations requires the use of flight operations officer/flight dispatcher personnel.

2.1.12 An operator shall ensure that if an emergency situation which endangers the safety of the helicopter or persons becomes known first to the flight operations officer/flight dispatcher, action by that person in accordance with 2.6.1 shall include, where necessary, notification to the appropriate authorities of the nature of the situation without delay, and requests for assistance if required.


2.1.13 An operator shall ensure that if an emergency situation which endangers the safety of the helicopter or persons necessitates the taking of action which involves a violation of local regulations or procedures, the pilot-in-command shall notify Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal without delay. If required by any State in which the incident occurs, the pilot-in-command shall submit a report on any such violation to the appropriate authority of that State; in that event, the pilot-in-command shall also submit a copy of it to Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Such reports shall be submitted as soon as possible and normally within ten days.

2.1.14 Operators shall ensure that pilots-in-command have available on board the helicopter all the essential information concerning the search and rescue services in the area over which the helicopter will be flown.

2.1.15 An operator shall establish and maintain an Accident Prevention And Flight Safety Programme.

2.1.16 An operator of a helicopter of a certificated take-of mass in excess of 7 000 kg or having a passenger seating configuration of more than 9 and fitted with a flight data recorder should establish and maintain a flight data analysis programme as part of its accident prevention and flight safety programme.

Note.— An operator may contract the operation of a Flight Data Analysis programme to another party while retaining overall responsibility for the maintenance of such a programme.

2.1.17 Any Flight Data Analysis programme shall be non-punitive and contain adequate safeguards to protect the source(s) of the data.

2.2 SAFETY MANAGEMENT

2.2.1 An operator shall establish a safety programme in order to achieve an acceptable level of safety in the operation of aircraft.

2.2.2 Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal will ascertain the acceptable level of safety to be achieved by an operator.

2.2.3 All operators of Nepal are to implement a safety management system acceptable to Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal that should address minimum of the following: a) identifies safety hazards; b) ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain an acceptable level

of safety is implemented; c) provides for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the

safety level achieved; and d) aims to make continuous improvement to the overall level of safety.

2.2.4 A safety management system shall clearly define lines of safety accountability throughout the operator’s organization, including a direct accountability for safety on the part of senior management.


2.2.5 An operator shall establish a flight safety documents system, for the use and guidance of operational personnel, as part of its safety management system.

2.3 SAFE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR 2.3.1 GENERAL

2.3.1.1 An Helicopter shall not carry dangerous goods unless the relevant requirements specified by the Director General are complied with. The term "dangerous goods" shall mean any articles or substances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or property when transferred by air and which are included in the ICAO Technical instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air, ICAO doc 9284, amended from time to time, hereafter referred to as the Technical Instructions.

2.3.1.2 Compliance with instructions

An Helicopter shall not carry dangerous goods unless the relevant instructions in the currently applicable Technical Instructions are complied with.

2.3.1.3 Carriage of forbidden articles

Unless specially authorized by the Director General, an Helicopter shall not carry

a) articles and substances that are identified as being forbidden in the Dangerous Goods List in the Technical Instructions, including those that are specified in the list as "not otherwise specified"

b) radio-active materials that are also explosive

c) infected live animals; or

d) weapons or parts thereof, or ammunition or constituents thereof, which are designed for use in warfare, or against the person.

2.3.1.4 Articles forbidden under all circumstances

An Helicopter shall not carry the following goods under any circumstances;

a) any substances or articles specifically mentioned by name in the Technical Instructions as being forbidden for transport by Helicopter under any circumstances;

b) explosives which ignite or decompose when subjected to a temperature of 75° C for 48 hours;

c) explosives containing both chlorates and ammonium salts;

d) explosives containing mixtures of chlorates with phosphorus;

e) solid explosives which are classified as extremely sensitive to mechanical shock;

f) liquid explosives which are classified as moderately sensitive to mechanical shock;


g) any substance, as presented for transport which is liable to produce a dangerous evolution of heat or gas under the conditions normally encountered in air transport;

h) radio-active liquids which are pyrophoric; and

i) flammable solids and organic peroxides havens, as tested, explosive properties which are packed in such a way that classification procedure would require the use of an explosive label as a subsidiary risk label.

2.3.1.5 Exemptions from the provisions

Articles and substances which would otherwise be classed as dangerous goods may be transported other than in compliance with the provisions of these rules if :

a) they are required to be aboard the Helicopter for compliance with the

applicable airworthiness requirements or operating regulations;

b) they are replacements for the articles or substances described under sub clause (a) of this paragraph and are transported in compliance with the applicable provisions of the Technical Instructions; or

c) they are intended for the personal use of passengers or crew members

and are transported in compliance with the provisions of the Technical Instructions applicable to "Dangerous Goods Excepted".

2.3.1.6 Conditions for commencing flight

The pilot-in-command of an Helicopter shall not commence a flight for the purpose of transporting dangerous goods unless the provisions of the Technical Instructions which are appropriate, and any relevant instructions specified by the Director General, are complied with.

2.3.2 Responsibilities of Shippers and Operators

2.3.2.1 Responsibilities of a Shipper

(a) A person shall not offer dangerous goods for transport by air unless they are packed in receptacles of good quality which are so constructed and closed as to prevent leakage during normal conditions of air transport, or as a result of changes in temperature, pressure or humidity, or by vibration and if the means of closure is a friction type such as a stopper or cork, there is a positive means of holding it in position.

(b) A person offering dangerous goods for transport by air shall not pack them in the same outer packaging with other goods which are capable of producing a dangerous reaction when in contact with the dangerous goods.


(c) Receptacles containing dangerous goods which are inside an outer packaging shall be packed, or secured, or cushioned so as to prevent breakage of the receptacle, or leakage and so as to control their movement within the outer packaging during normal conditions of air transport and if cushioning or other absorbent materials are used, they shall not be substances capable of producing a dangerous reaction when in contact with the dangerous goods.

(d) A person shall not offer a packet of dangerous goods or an overpack containing dangerous goods for transport by air if such dangerous goods are forbidden for transport by air in the Technical Instructions unless specific authority for such transport has been given by the Director General.

(e) A person offering a package of dangerous goods or an overpack containing dangerous goods for transport by air shall ensure that they are properly classified, packed, marked, and labeled in accordance with the requirements in the Technical Instructions, and shall submit to the Helicopter operator, a properly executed dangerous goods transport document and an airway bill which comply with the specifications in the Technical Instructions.

(f) A person offering dangerous goods for transport by air shall comply with such additional requirements in the Technical Instructions as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances.

(g) A person offering dangerous goods for transport by air shall ensure that his employees or agents have been properly trained and qualified as specified in the Technical Instructions to handle such goods.

2.3.3 Responsibilities of an Operator

(a) An operator shall not accept a package or overpack containing dangerous goods for transport by air : i) unless the dangerous goods have been properly described

and the package or packages are certified as meeting the applicable requirements of the Technical Instructions; and

ii) until he has inspected the package of overpack for proper marking and labeling and has determined that it is not leaking or damaged in such a way as to compromise its integrity.

(b) A package or over pack containing dangerous goods shall be

inspected by the operator for evidence of leaking or damage before it is loaded onto an Helicopter or before it is loaded into a unit load device, and a unit load device containing dangerous goods shall be inspected for evidence of leakage or damage before it is loaded into an Helicopter.


(c) A package or overpack or unit load device shall not be loaded onto an Helicopter if there is any evidence of leakage from, or damage to any dangerous goods contained therein.

(d) A package or overpack or unit load device containing dangerous goods, which has been loaded onto an Helicopter and which shows signs of leakage or damage shall be removed from the Helicopter by the operator or by such person or organization as may be employed as an agent by the operator. After the removal of the leaking or damaged goods from the Helicopter, the operator shall ensure that the remainder of the consignment is in a proper condition for transport by air and that no other package has been contaminated.

(e) An operator shall examine packages and overpacks containing dangerous goods for signs of damage or leakage when they are unloaded from an Helicopter, except when they have been carried in a unit load device. The area in the Helicopter where the dangerous goods or unit load device were stowed shall be inspected for damage or contamination. Any hazardous contamination discovered shall be removed.

(f) An Helicopter in which radioactive materials have leaked or which has become contaminated by radioactive materials shall be taken out of service and shall not be operated until the radiation levels at any accessible surface, and the radiation level of any surface contaminant, is not greater than the value specified in the Technical Instructions.

(g) The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General shall ensure that all of his employees or agents who are engaged in the acceptance, ground handling, storage, loading, or unloading of dangerous goods have been properly trained or qualified for such activities in compliance with the training requirements specified in the Technical Instructions.

(h) When engaged in the transport of dangerous goods by air, an operator shall comply with such additional requirements in the Technical Instructions as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances.

2.3.4 Loading Restrictions

(a) A package containing dangerous goods, except as provided for in this directive shall not be carried on the flight deck of an Helicopter or in a passenger compartment.

(b) Packages containing substances which are capable of producing a dangerous reaction when they are in contact with each other, shall not be stowed in an Helicopter in such positions as will permit the substances to come into contact with each other in the event of a leakage.


(c) Packages containing substances which are known to be, or which are identified by markings in the packages as, poisons or infectious substances in class 5 of the classification of dangerous goods in the Technical Instructions, shall not be carried in the same compartment of an Helicopter as substances known to be foodstuffs or which are marked as foodstuffs, feeds or other edible substances intended for consumption by humans and animals, unless the poisons or infectious substances are loaded into a unit load device and both unit load devices are closed or if they are not closed, the unit load devices are not adjacent to each other when stowed aboard the Helicopter.

(d) Packages of radioactive materials shall not be carried on Helicopter unless they are stowed on board the Helicopter in accordance with the appropriate separation distances tabulated in the Technical Instructions so as to be separate from persons or undeveloped photographic film.

(e) An operator shall take such precaution as may be appropriate to protect dangerous goods from being damaged during unloading and loading, and during transport in an Helicopter. An operator shall secure such goods in the Helicopter in a manner which will prevent any movement during flight which would change the orientation of the packages and in the case of radioactive materials, shall secure them so that the appropriate separation distances tabulated in the Technical instructions are maintained at all times.

(f) Dangerous goods which are restricted by the Technical Instructions to transfer by cargo Helicopter only shall, unless otherwise provided by the Technical Instructions to be loaded in the Helicopter in such a manner that a member of a crew or other authorized person can see, handle, and where size and mass permit, separate such dangerous goods from other cargo in flight.

2.3.5 Provision of Information

(a) Operators, shippers, or other organizations involved in the transport of dangerous goods by air shall provide such information to their personnel as will enable them to comply with the requirements in the technical Instructions and shall furnish instructions as to the action to be taken in the event of any emergency that might arise involving dangerous goods.

(b) The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General shall inform intending passengers in his Helicopter of the type of goods which are forbidden for transport aboard an Helicopter either in checked baggage, or in carry-on baggage.

(c) The pilot-in command of an Helicopter in which dangerous goods are to be carried shall be provided before departure with written information as specified in the Technical Instructions.


(d) The operator of an Helicopter which is involved in an accident while carrying dangerous goods shall, as soon as possible after the accident inform the appropriate authority in the state in which the Helicopter accident occurred of the dangerous goods carried, together with their proper shipping names, class and subsidiary risks for which labels are required by the Technical Instructions as Class-1 explosives, and shall state the quantity of dangerous goods together with their location on the Helicopter.

Note 1.— Provisions for carriage of dangerous goods are contained in Annex 18.

Note 2.— Article 35 of the Convention refers to certain classes of cargo restrictions.

2.4 USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2.4.1 Holders of licences provided for in this Annex shall not exercise the privileges of their licences and related ratings while under the influence of any psychoactive substance which might render them unable to safely and properly exercise these privileges.

2.4.2 Holders of licences provided for in this Annex shall not engage in any problematic use of substances.

2.5 CONDITIONS ON INSPECTION OF CAAN APPLICABLE TO THE

OPERATION OF ANY HELICOPTER

a) The holder of an Air Operator certificate shall notify to the Director General of Civil Aviation of Nepal, not less than 14 days notice in writing of the intended abolition of any of its responsible posts or of any intended change in the person holding the post or his duties.

b) Any person authorized by the Director General of Civil Aviation in that regard shall have access to any premises in the occupation or control of the holder of this Certificate for the purpose of examining the premises and any document, equipment, tools, material or other thing of whatsoever nature, relating to the operation of Helicopter thereunder kept or used or intended to be used in connection with the operation of the Helicopter.

c) Any person appointed by the Director General of Civil Aviation to be an authorized Officer (Inspector) shall be permitted at any time to board and to enter and remain on the flight deck; provided that the commander of the Helicopter, during in flight phase, may refuse to allow the authorized officer to enter or remain in the flight deck if in his opinion, the safety of the Helicopter would thereby be endangered.

d) Any person appointed by the Director General of Civil Aviation to be an authorized Officer (Inspector) shall be permitted to board and fly in any Helicopter in which any person is given a periodical test by or on behalf of the holder of this certificate or any provision in substitution thereof. The authorized officer shall be permitted to witness the test and may for that purpose enter and remain on the flight deck provided that they enter or remain in the flight deck if, in his opinion, the safety of the Helicopter would thereby be endangered.


e) The holder of this Certificate shall furnish to the Director General of Civil Aviation a copy of every operations manual and engineering manual, and of all other written instructions to his operating staff, for the time being in effect, concerning the operation of the Helicopter under this certificate.

f) Every flight under this certificate shall be conducted in accordance with the relevant provisions of the aforesaid operations manual and instructions.

2.6 RESPONSIBILITIES OF AIR OPERATOR

2.6.1 HELICOPTER OPERATOR

2.6.1.1 CREW MEMBER REQUIREMENTS

(a) No air carrier may assign a person as a flight crew member unless that person, holds a valid license issued by Director General.

(b) No air carrier shall operate an aircraft with less than the minimum flight

crew specified in the Certificate of Airworthiness or the Aircraft Flight Manual.

(c) No air carrier shall operate an aircraft without a second in command if that aircraft has a passenger seating configuration, excluding any pilot seat of ten seats or more.

(d) No air carrier shall carry passenger and operate a single engine helicopter

i) in IFR flight condition, ii) at night. iii) for a published schedule flight.

(e) No air carrier shall operate a multi engine helicopter under IFR in an air transport operation unless the flight crew includes at least two pilots one of them shall be designated by the air carrier as pilot in command and the other as second in command.

(f) Unless the flight crew usage sufficient required oxygen during the flight,

no person shall operate a helicopter when carrying passengers;

i) for more than 30 minutes at an altitude between 10,000 and 13,000 feet above mean sea level, or

i) at an altitude above 13,000 feet above mean sea level.

(g) No air carrier shall let the pilots have an endorsement on more that two types of helicopter for commercial operation.

(h) No air carrier shall let the pilot to have an endorsement both rotorcraft

and helicopter for commercial operations.


(i) No air carrier may use a pilot to act as pilot in command or second in command of a turbine engine operated rotorcraft and multi engine rotorcraft unless he holds a commercial pilot license with the classification of helicopter from an approved school of a contracting state.

2.6.1.2 PILOT-IN-COMMAND QUALIFICATION

(a) No air carrier may use a person to serve as pilot-in-command in commercial air transportation in any helicopter certificated for two-pilot operation unless that person holds an Airline Transport Pilot License with classification of helicopter and type rating.

(b) No air carrier may use a pilot to act as pilot in command of a helicopter

certificated for single pilot operation unless that pilot:

i) holds a valid pilot license with type rating;

ii) has at least 50 hours of flight time as pilot-in-command on that helicopter with an Instructor Pilot; and

iii) if the flight is to be operated under IFR condition, holds an instrument rating endorsed by CAAN, valid for type of helicopter.

(c) No air carrier may use a pilot to act as pilot in command of a helicopter certificated for two-pilot operations, unless that pilot;

i) holds an Airline Transport Pilot License.

ii) holds a valid pilot license with type rating;

iii) has at least 50 hours of flight time as pilot-in-command on that helicopter with an Instructor Pilot

iv) if the flight is to be operated under IFR condition, holds an instrument rating endorsed by CAAN, valid for the type of helicopter.

2.6.1.3 P-I-C CLEARANCE (HELICOPTER)

2.6.1.3.1 A pilot will not be designated as Pilot-In-Command, unless he has completed the experience in flight as specified below;

1) Helicopter with Single Pilot Operationa) To act as a solo PIC for all the domestic airports and

normal helipads at or below 7000 ft. AMSL.

i) shall fly minimum of 100 hours on type as a PIC with Instructor Pilot.

ii) shall have minimum of 600 hours experience on helicopter as P1.

iii) Co-pilot experience on turbine engine helicopter shall be credited with not more than 50 percent of the co-pilot flight time towards the total flight time required as mentioned in above (ii).


b) To act as a solo PIC for all the helipads above 7000 ft. AMSL including landing in a congested area and difficult field with slope.

i) shall fly at least 50 hours as a PIC with instructor pilot and required briefing is to be provided for each mission in such fields.

ii) shall have at least 800 hours as PIC on helicopter.

c) To act as a solo PIC for all the helipads above 10000

feet AMSL and including landing in a congested area and difficult field with slope,

i) must have minimum of 1000 hours of experience as PIC on Helicopter.

ii) successful high altitude training must be completed.

2) Helicopter with Two Pilots Operation

a) To act as a PIC for all the domestic airports and normal helipads at or below 7000 ft. AMSL, he shall fly minimum of 50 hours on type as a PIC with Instructor Pilot.

b) To act as a PIC for all the helipads above 7000 ft.

AMSL including landing in a congested area and difficult field with slope :

- shall fly minimum of 150 total hours as a PIC with

instructor pilot and required briefing is to be provided for each mission in such fields.

c) To act as a solo PIC for all the helipads above 10000

feet AMSL including landing in a confined area and difficult field with slope,

i) must have minimum of 200 total hours experience

as PIC with experience on all the helipads above 10000 ft. AMSL including landing in a congested area and difficult field with slope.

ii) successful high altitude training must be

completed.


2.6.1.4 Copilot Qualification

(a) No air carrier may use a pilot to act as copilot of an aircraft under IFR unless that person :

i) holds a valid pilot license with appropriate category and class

ratings and an appropriate type rating.

ii) holds an instrument rating endorsed by CAAN, valid for the category, class and type of helicopter.

(b) No air carrier may use a pilot to act as copilot of a helicopter under VFR, unless that person holds a commercial pilot license with appropriate category and class ratings and an appropriate type rating.

2.7 OPERATORS TO PROVIDE FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS

2.7.1 The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General who is engaged in commercial operations shall ensure that sufficient number of Flight Instructors and instructor for ground courses who are qualifying with not less than that mentioned in FOR. 2.7.2 The Privileges of Instructor Pilot shall be to carry out the

tests/checks/trainings as mentioned below: i) Training of Pilots for aircraft type, Instrument Rating and Instructor

Rating ii) Pilot Proficiency check for renewal

iii) Pilot Proficiency check for Renewal of Instrument Rating iv) Conducting Line Clearances v) Route checks 2.8 OPERATORS TO PROVIDE OPERATIONS DIRECTORS

The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General who is engaged in commercial operations shall assign a person as an Operations Director in the Operation Department.

2.9 OPERATORS TO PROVIDE FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER (FLIGHT DISPATCHERS)

a) The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General shall not commence its operations where the number of Helicopter being involved in operations is two or more, unless it has used the person(s) holding the flight Operations Officer License and or Helicopter dispatcher license for operational control including dispatching of the Helicopter.

b) Where the duties assigned for the dispatch of the Helicopter is conducted by

the flight crew, the requirement mentioned in above will not apply provided the flight time and duty time limitation of the pilot is not violated and the pilots job description is mentioned in company’s operation manual.


2.10 OPERATORS TO ENSURE AWARENESS OF FOREIGN RULES

The holder of an Air Operator Certificate, issued by the Director General, who is engaged in International Operations, shall ensure that his employees are aware that they must comply with such laws, regulations and procedures as are applicable in those foreign states in which his Helicopter are operated, that the flight crew are familiar with the regulations and procedures in force in the area in a foreign state in which his Helicopter is to be operated and, in particular, with the regulations and procedures which relate to the aerodromes and navigation facilities which are to be used by the Helicopter in a foreign State.

2.11 PROVING FLIGHTS OF NEW HELICOPTER

a) An Helicopter of a new type shall not be used to carry passengers on a commercial air transportation service until it has undergone proving tests under the supervision of, and in accordance with the requirements of, the Director General.

b) In the case of major changes to an Helicopter previously in operation on commercial air transportation services. The Director General may require it to undergo such proving tests as he considers necessary.

2.12 SUBMISSION AND MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS BY AN OPERATOR

2.12.1 Documents to be carried on board an Helicopter.

A Nepalese registered helicopter which is engaged in public transport operations shall carry the following documents:

a) the Nepalese Certificate of Registration issued in relation to that airplane;

b) the Nepalese Certificate of Airworthiness issued in relation to that airplane;

c) the current Maintenance Release issued in relation to that airplane;

d) the airplane Flight Manual or equivalent Certification document;

e) the licenses issued in relation to the radio equipment installed in the airplane;

f) the current licenses held by each member of the flight crew; g) the airplane journey log book or general declaration; h) if passengers are carried, a list of their names, places of

embarkation and intended place of disembarkation ; i) the Operations Manual, or those part of it relating to flight

operations ; j) a copy of the operational flight plan; k) a copy of the Air Traffic Control flight plan, if applicable; l) the load sheet relating to the calculation of mass of the airplane; m) the trim sheets relating to the disposition of the load and balance of

the airplane ; and n) the maps and charts required for that flight; o) Standard Operating Procedure


2.12.2 Helicopter Journey Log2.12.2.1 The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director

General shall record in an Helicopter journey log book The following details relating to each flight by a commercial air transportation Helicopter, unless this information is contained in one or more alternative documents in a manner acceptable to the Director General;

a) the Helicopter nationality and registration; b) the date; c) the name of each crew member in each flight; d) the duty assignments of each crew member; e) the place of departure; f) the place of arrival; g) the time of departure; h) the time of arrival; i) the hours of flight; j) the nature of flight; k) incidents and observations, if any; and

l) the signature of the person in charge.

2.12.2.2 Entries in the journey logbook should be made currently and in ink or indelible pencil.

2.12.2.3 Completed Journey Logbook should be retained to provide a continuous record of the last twelve months' operations.

2.12.3 Fuel and oil records

a) An operator shall maintain fuel and oil records to enable Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal to ascertain that, for each flight, the requirements of 4.3.6 have been complied with.

b) Fuel and oil records shall be retained by the operator for a period of

three months.

2.12.4 Flight time and duty period records

The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General shall maintain current records of the duration of duty periods and of the flight time of each of the crew member in a form approved by the Director General, such record shall be retained for a period of 12 months for the inspection by the Director General as may be required.

2.12.5 Record of emergency and survival equipment carried

The holder of an Air Operator Certificate shall record details of the emergency and survival equipment carried by his Helicopter on each flight. Such details shall be made immediately available to the Search and Rescue Service as may be required.


2.12.6 Record of flight preparation

The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General shall record details of the flight preparation carried out before a flight by a commercial air transportation Helicopter, and shall retain such records for a period of not less than six months.

2.12.7 Record of Operational Flight Plans

The holder of an air operations certificate issues by the Director General shall record:

a) the details of the operational flight plan completed for the plan of a

commercial air transportation Helicopter; b) the details of the calculation of the mass and balance of each

Helicopter for each take off and landing.

Such records shall be retained for a period of not less than six months.

2.12.8 Record of Flight Crew Licenses

a) The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General shall maintain a record containing details of the licenses held by each of his flight crew members together with details of the ratings included in those licenses. He shall record details of the ground and flight training undertaken by his flight crew members together with the results of any proficiency checks and shall record the route and aerodrome qualifications (including High Altitude heliport clearance) of pilot-in-command.

b) In helicopter operation the record detail of qualification achieved progressively and qualification gained by each crew member on solo piloting to high altitude fields, fields of confined area, fields of confined and congested nature used by helicopters for landing.

c) Records shall be retained throughout the period of the employment of each flight crew member and for a further period of three months. Notification to CAAN of changes in employment of key operational personnel, is necessary.

2.12.9 Flight Recorders

The holder of an Air Operator Certificate issued by the Director General shall retain the records produced by a flight data recorder unless demanded, for inspection by the Director General as he may require. The holder shall keep such records in safe custody until instructed by the Director General to release them for the purpose of accidental investigation.


2.12.10 Records of emergency and survival equipment carried.

Operators shall at all times have available for immediate communication to rescue co-ordination centres, lists containing information on the emergency and survival equipment carried on board any of their helicopters engaged in international air navigation. The information shall include, as applicable, the number, colour and type of life rafts and pyrotechnics, details of emergency medical supplies, water supplies and the type and frequencies of the emergency portable radio equipment.

2.13 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST (MEL)

a) General

The operator shall prepare a minimum equipment list approved by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.

b) Minimum Equipment List shall clearly indicates that those systems and items of equipments that may be inoperative for certain flight conditions with the intent that no flight can be conducted with inoperative systems and equipment other than those specified in MEL.

c) For each Helicopter, MEL shall be based on the master minimum equipment list established for the Helicopter type.

d) The operator shall prepare a minimum equipment list designed to allow the operation of an Helicopter with certain system or equipment inoperative provided an acceptable level of safety is maintained.

e) The minimum equipment list is not to provide an indefinite period of operation of Helicopter, but to permit the safe operation of an Helicopter with inoperative systems or equipment within the frame work of a controlled and sound programme of repairs and parts replacement.

f) Operators are to ensure that no flight is commenced with multiple minimum equipment list items inoperative without determining that any inter relationship between inoperative systems or components will not result in an unacceptable degradation in the level of safety and/or undue increase in the flight crew workload.

g) The minimum equipment list may not deviate from requirements of flight manual limitations sections, emergency procedure, Flight Operations requirements or other airworthiness requirements of CAAN.

h) Systems or equipment accepted as inoperative for a flight should be placarded where appropriate and all such items should be noted in the Helicopter technical log to inform at flight crew and maintenance personnel.

Flight Operations Requirements-Helicopter CHAP 3 - 1 2 January 2009 Fourth Edition

CHAPTER 3

HELICOPTER INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT AND FLIGHT DOCUMENTS

3.1 GENERAL

3.1.1 An operator shall ensure that in addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a certificate of airworthiness, the instruments, equipment and flight documents prescribed in the following paragraphs shall be installed or carried, as appropriate, in helicopters according to the helicopter used and to the circumstances under which the flight is to be conducted. The prescribed instruments and equipment, including their installation, shall be approved or accepted by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal or the State of Registry.

3.1.2 A helicopter shall carry a certified true copy of the air operator certificate specified in 2.1.1, and a copy of the authorizations, conditions and limitations relevant to the helicopter type, issued in conjunction with the certificate. The certificate and the associated authorizations, conditions and limitations are to be written in English and in case in a language other than English, an English translation shall be included.

3.1.3 The operator shall include in the operations manual a Minimum Equipment List (MEL), approved by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal which will enable the pilot-in-command to determine whether a flight may be commenced or continued from any intermediate stop should any instrument, equipment or systems become inoperative. Where the Nepal is not the State of Registry, the Operator shall ensure that the MEL does not affect the helicopter’s compliance with the airworthiness requirements applicable in the State of Registry.

3.1.4 The operator shall make available to operations staff and crew members an aircraft operating manual, for each aircraft type operated, containing the normal, abnormal and emergency procedures relating to the operation of the aircraft. The manual shall include details of the aircraft systems and of the checklists to be used. The design of the manual shall observe Human Factors principles. The manual shall be easily accessible to the flight crew during all flight operations.


3.2 ALL HELICOPTERS ON ALL FLIGHTS

3.2.1 A helicopter shall be equipped with instruments that will enable the flight crew to control the flight path of the helicopter, carry out any required procedural manoeuvres and observe the operating limitations of the helicopter in the expected operating conditions.

3.2.2 A helicopter shall be equipped with:

a) one or more first-aid kits as appropriate to the number of passengers the helicopter is authorized to carry;

b) portable fire extinguishers of a type which, when discharged, will not cause dangerous contamination of the air within the helicopter. At least one shall be located in:

1) the pilot’s compartment; and

2) each passenger compartment that is separate from the pilot’s compartment and that is not readily accessible to the flight crew.

c) 1) a seat or berth for each person over two years;

2) a seat belt for each seat and restraining belts for each berth; and

3) a safety harness for each flight crew seat. The safety harness for each pilot seat shall incorporate a device which will automatically restrain the occupant’s torso in the event of rapid deceleration.

Note : When dual controls are fitted, the safety harness for each pilot seat should incorporate a restraining device to prevent the upper body of an incapacitated occupant from interfering with the flight controls.

Note 1. Depending on the design, the lock on an inertia reel device may suffice for this purpose.

Note 2. Safety harness includes shoulder straps and a seat belt which may be used independently.

d) means of ensuring that the following information and instructions are conveyed to passengers: 1) when seat belts or harnesses are to be fastened; 2) when and how oxygen equipment is to be used if the carriage of

oxygen is required;


3) restrictions on smoking; 4) location and use of life jackets or equivalent individual flotation

devices where their carriage is required; and 5) location and method of opening emergency exits; and

e) if fuses are used, spare electrical fuses of appropriate ratings for replacement of those accessible in flight.

3.2.3 A helicopter shall carry:

a) the Operations Manual prescribed in 2.1.1, or those parts of it that pertain to flight operations;

b) the Aircraft Flight Manual for the helicopter, or other documents

containing performance data and any other information necessary for the operation of the helicopter within the terms of its certificate of airworthiness, unless these data are available in the operations manual; and

c) current and suitable charts to cover the route of the proposed flight and any

route along which it is reasonable to expect that the flight may be diverted. 3.2.3 Marking of break-in points

3.2.3.1 If areas of the fuselage suitable for break-in by rescue crews in an emergency are marked on a helicopter, such areas shall be marked. The colour of the markings shall be red or yellow, and if necessary they shall be outlined in white to contrast with the background.

3.2.3.2 If the corner markings are more than 2 m apart, intermediate lines 9 cm

× 3 cm shall be inserted so that there is no more than 2 m between adjacent markings.

3.3 FLIGHT RECORDERS

3.3.1 Flight data recorders — types

3.3.1.1 Type IV FDRs – Operators shall ensure the following :

3.3.1.1.1 A Type IV FDR shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight path, speed, attitude, engine power and operation.

3.3.1.1.2 A Type IVA FDR shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight path, speed, attitude, engine power, operation and configuration.


3.3.1.2 A Type V FDR shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight path, speed, attitude and engine power.

3.3.1.3 The use of engraving metal foil FDRs shall be discontinued by 1 January 1995.

3.3.1.4 The use of analogue FDRs using frequency modulation (FM) should be discontinued by 5 November 1998.

3.3.1.4.1 The use of photographic film FDRs shall be discontinued from 1 January 2003.

3.3.1.5 All helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2005, that utilize data link communications and are required to carry a CVR shall record, on a flight recorder, all data link communications to and from the helicopter. The minimum recording duration shall be equal to the duration of the CVR, and shall be correlated to the recorded cockpit audio.

3.3.1.3.16 From 1 January 2007, all helicopters that utilize data link communications and are required to carry a CVR shall record, on a flight recorder, all data link communications to and from the helicopter. The minimum recording duration shall be equal to the duration of the CVR, and shall be correlated to the recorded cockpit audio.

3.3.1.5.2 Sufficient information to derive the content of the data link communications message and, whenever practical, the time the message was displayed to or generated by the crew shall be recorded.

3.3.1.6 All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-of mass over 2700 kg, required to be equipped with an FDR and/or a CVR, may alternatively be equipped with one combination recorder (FDR/CVR).

3.3.2 Flight Data Recorders — Duration

Types IV and V FDRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last ten hours of their operation.

3.3.2.1 All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7000 kg, of which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1989, shall be equipped with a Type IV FDR.

3.3.2.2 All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-of mass of over 2730 kg, up to and including 7 000 kg, of which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1989, should be equipped with a Type V FDR.


All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 3175 kg, of which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2005, shall be equipped with a Type IVA FDR with a recording duration of at least 10 hours.

Note.— A single, combination CVR/FDR, of which the individual certificate of

airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1989, is acceptable.

3.3.2.2.1 All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7 000 kg, of which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1987, shall be equipped with a CVR, the objective of which is the recording of the aural environment on the flight deck during flight time. For helicopters not equipped with an FDR, at least main rotor speed shall be recorded on one track of the CVR.

3.3.2.2.2 All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of

over 3 175 kg, up to and including 7 000 kg, of which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1987, shall be equipped with a CVR, the objective of which is the recording of the aural environment on the flight deck during flight time. For helicopters not equipped with an FDR, at least main rotor speed shall be recorded on one track of the CVR.

All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7000 kg, of which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued before 1 January 1987, shall be equipped with a CVR, the objective of which is the recording of the aural environment on the flight deck during flight time. For helicopters not equipped with an FDR, at least main rotor speed shall be recorded on one track of the CVR.

3.3.3 Cockpit Voice Recorders — Duration

3.3.3.1 A CVR shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of its operation.

3.3.3.2 A CVR, installed in helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1990, should be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last two hours of its operation.


3.3.3.3 A CVR, installed in helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2003, shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last two hours of its operation.

3.3.4 Flight Recorders — Construction And Installation

Flight recorders shall be constructed located and installed so as to provide maximum practical protection for the recordings in order that the recorded information may be preserved, recovered and transcribed. Flight recorders shall meet the prescribed crashworthiness and fire protection specifications.

3.3.5 Flight Recorders — Operation

3.3.3.16 Flight recorders shall not be switched off during flight time. 3.3.5.2 To preserve flight recorder records, flight recorders shall be

deactivated upon completion of flight time following an accident or incident. The flight recorders shall not be reactivated before their disposition is determined in accident incident investigation.

Note 1 The need for removal of the flight recorder records from the aircraft will be determined by the investigation authority in the State conducting the investigation with due regard to the seriousness of an occurrence and the circumstances, including the impact on the operation.

Note 2 The operators shall retain the flight recorder records as required for investigation

3.3.6 Flight Recorders — Continued Serviceability

Operational checks and evaluations of recordings from the FDR and CVR systems shall be conducted to ensure the continued serviceability of the recorders.

3.4 INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT FOR FLIGHTS OPERATED UNDER VFR AND IFR — BY DAY AND NIGHT

Note.— The flight instruments requirements in 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 may be met by combinations of instruments or by electronic displays.


3.4.1 All helicopters when operating in accordance with VFR by day shall be equipped with: a) a magnetic compass; b) an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and

seconds; c) a sensitive pressure altimeter; d) an airspeed indicator; and e) such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the

appropriate authority.

3.4.2 All helicopters when operating in accordance with VFR at night shall be equipped with: a) the equipment specified in 3.3.1; b) an attitude indicator (artificial horizon) for each required pilot and one

additional attitude indicator; c) a slip indicator; d) a heading indicator (directional gyroscope); e) a rate of climb and descent indicator; f) such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the

appropriate authority; and the following lights: g) the lights required for aircraft in flight or operating on the movement

area of a heliport; h) two landing lights; i) illumination for all instruments and equipment that are essential for the

safe operation of the helicopter that are used by the flight crew; j) lights in all passenger compartments; and k) a flashlight for each crew member station.

3.4.2.1 One of the landing lights should be trainable, at least in the vertical plane.

3.4.3 All helicopters when operating in accordance with IFR, or when the helicopter cannot be maintained in a desired attitude without reference to one or more flight instruments, shall be equipped with: a) a magnetic compass; b) an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and

seconds; c) two sensitive pressure altimeters; d) an airspeed indicating system with means of preventing malfunctioning

due to either condensation or icing; e) a slip indicator; f) an attitude indicator (artificial horizon) for each required pilot and one

additional attitude indicator; g) a heading indicator (directional gyroscope); h) a means of indicating whether the power supply to the gyroscope

instrument is adequate;


i) a means of indicating in the flight crew compartment the outside air temperature;

j) a rate of climb and descent indicator; k) a stabilization system, unless it has been demonstrated to the

satisfaction of the certificating authority that the helicopter possesses, by nature of its design, adequate stability without such a system;

l) such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority; and

m) if operated at night, the lights specified in 3.3.2 g) to k) and 3.3.2.1.

3.4.3.1 All helicopters when operating in accordance with IFR shall be fitted with an emergency power supply, independent of the main electrical generating system, for the purpose of operating and illuminating, for a minimum period of 30 minutes, an attitude indicating instrument (artificial horizon), clearly visible to the pilot-in-command. The emergency power supply shall be automatically operative after the total failure of the main electrical generating system and clear indication shall be given on the instrument panel that the attitude indicator(s) is being operated by emergency power.

3.4.4 A helicopter when operating in accordance with IFR and which has a maximum certificated take-of mass in excess of 3 175 kg or a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 9 should be equipped with a ground proximity warning system which has a forward-looking terrain avoidance function.

3.5 ALL HELICOPTERS ON FLIGHTS OVER WATER

3.5.1 Means of flotation All helicopters intended to be flown over water shall be fitted with a permanent or rapidly deployable means of flotation so as to ensure a safe ditching of the helicopter when:

a) engaged in offshore operations, or other over-water operations as prescribed by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal; or

b) flying over water in a hostile environment at a distance from land corresponding to more than 10 minutes at normal cruise speed when operating in performance Class 1 or 2; or

Note. When operating in a hostile environment, a safe ditching requires a helicopter to be designed for landing on water or certificated in accordance with ditching provisions.

c) flying over water in a non-hostile environment at a distance from land when operating in performance Class 1; or


d) flying over water beyond auto rotational or safe forced landing distance from land when operating in performance Class 3.

3.5.2 Emergency equipment

3.5.2.1 Helicopters operating in performance Class 1 or 2 and operating in accordance with the provisions of 3.3.16 shall be equipped with:

a) one life jacket, or equivalent individual flotation device, for each person on board, stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it is provided. For offshore operations the life jacket shall be worn constantly unless the occupant is wearing an integrated survival suit that includes the functionality of the life jacket;

b) life-saving rafts in sufficient numbers to carry all persons on board, stowed so as to facilitate their ready use in emergency, provided with such life-saving equipment including means of sustaining life as is appropriate to the flight to be undertaken; and

Note - When two life rafts are fitted, each should be able to carry all occupants in the overload state.

Note.— The overload state is a design safety margin of 1.5 times the maximum capacity.

c) equipment for making the pyrotechnical distress signals.

3.5.2.2 Helicopters operating in performance Class 3 when operating beyond auto rotational distance from land but within a distance from land specified by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal shall be equipped with one life jacket, or equivalent individual flotation device, for each person on board, stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use it is provided.

Note.— When determining the distance from land referred to in 3.5.2.2, consideration should be given to environmental conditions and the availability of search and rescue facilities.

3.5.2.2.1 For offshore operations, when operating beyond auto rotational distance from land, the life jacket shall be worn unless the occupant is wearing an integrated survival suit that includes the functionality of the life jacket.


3.5.2.3 Helicopters operating in performance Class 3 when operating beyond the distance specified in 3.5.2.2 shall be equipped as in 3.5.2.1.

3.5.2.4 In the case of helicopters operating in performance Class 2 or 3, when taking off or landing at a heliport where, in the opinion of the State of the Operator, the take-off or approach path is so disposed over water that in the event of a mishap there would be likelihood of a ditching, at least the equipment required in 3.5.2.1 shall be carried.

3.5.2.5 Each life jacket and equivalent individual flotation device, when carried in accordance with 3.5, shall be equipped with a means of electric illumination for the purpose of facilitating the location of persons.

3.5.2.6 On any helicopter for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1991, at least 50 per cent of the life rafts carried in accordance with the provisions of 3.5.2 should be deployable by remote control.

3.5.2.7 Rafts which are not deployable by remote control and which have a mass of more than 40 kg should be equipped with some means of mechanically assisted deployment.

3.5.2.8 On any helicopter for which the individual certificate of airworthiness

was first issued before 1 January 1991, the provisions of 3.5.2.6 and 3.5.2.7 should be complied with no later than 31 December 1992.

3.5.3 All helicopters on flights over designated sea areas

3.5.3.1 Helicopters, when operating over sea areas which have been designated by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, shall be equipped with life-saving equipment (including means of sustaining life) as may be appropriate to the area overflown.

3.5.3.2 For off-shore operations, a survival suit should be worn by all occupants when the sea temperature is less than 10°C or when the estimated rescue time exceeds the calculated survival time. When the elevation and strength of the sun results in a high temperature hazard on the flight deck, consideration should be given to alleviating the flight crew from this recommendation.

Note. When establishing rescue time, the sea state and the ambient light

conditions should be taken into consideration.


3.6 ALL HELICOPTERS ON FLIGHTS OVER DESIGNATED LAND AREAS

Helicopters, when operated across land areas which have been designated by the State concerned as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, shall be equipped with such signaling devices and life-saving equipment (including means of sustaining life) as may be appropriate to the area overflown.

3.7 EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT) - APPLICABLE UNTIL 30 JUNE 2008

3.7.1 Performance Class 1 and 2 helicopters for which the individual certificate of

airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2002, operating on flights over water as described in 3.5.1 a) and performance Class 3 helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2002, operating as described in 3.5.1 b) shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT and at least one ELT(S) in a raft.

3.7.2 From 1 January 2005, all performance Class 1 and 2 helicopters operating on flights over water as described in 3.5.1 a) and performance Class 3 helicopters operating as described in 3.5.1 b) shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT and at least one ELT(S) in a raft.

3.7.3 Helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2002, on flights over designated land areas as described in 3.6 shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT.

3.7.4 From 1 January 2005, helicopters on flights over designated land areas as described in 3.6 shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT.

3.7.5 Recommendation.— All helicopters should carry an automatic ELT.

3.7.6 ELT equipment carried to satisfy the requirements of 3.7.1, 3.7.2, 3.7.3, 3.7.4 and 3.7.5 shall operate in accordance with the relevant provisions of Annex 10, Volume III.

Applicable from 1 July 2008

3.7.7 From 1 July 2008, all helicopters operating in performance Class 1 and 2 shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT and, when operating on flights over water as described in 3.3.16 a), with at least one automatic ELT and one ELT(S) in a raft or life jacket.

3.7.8 From 1 July 2008, all helicopters operating in performance Class 3 shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT and, when operating on flights over


water as described in 3.3.16 b), with at least one automatic ELT and one ELT(S) in a raft or life jacket.

3.7.9 ELT equipment carried to satisfy the requirements of 3.7.7 and 3.7.8 shall operate in accordance with the relevant provisions of Annex 10, Volume III.

Note: The judicious choice of numbers of ELTs, their type and placement on aircraft and associated floatable life support systems will ensure the greatest chance of ELT activation in the event of an accident for aircraft operating over water or land, including areas especially difficult for search and rescue. Placement of transmitter units is a vital factor in ensuring optimal crash and fire protection. The placement of the control and switching devices (activation monitors) of automatic fixed ELTs and their associated operational procedures will also take into consideration the need for rapid detection of inadvertent activation and convenient manual switching by crew members…….. (consider delete)

3.8 ALL HELICOPTERS ON HIGH ALTITUDE FLIGHTS

3.8.1 A helicopter intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is less than 700 hPa in personnel compartments shall be equipped with oxygen storage and dispensing apparatus capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies required in 2.3.8.1.

3.8.2 A helicopter intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is less than 700 hPa but which is provided with means of maintaining pressures greater than 700 hPa in personnel compartments shall be provided with oxygen storage and dispensing apparatus capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies required in 2.3.8.2.

3.8.3 A helicopter intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is more than 376 hPa which cannot descend safely within four minutes to a flight altitude at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to 620 hPa, and for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was issued on or after 9 November 1998, shall be provided with automatically deployable oxygen equipment to satisfy the requirements of 2.3.8.2. The total number of oxygen dispensing units shall exceed the number of passenger and cabin crew seats by at least 10 percent.

3.9 ALL HELICOPTERS IN ICING CONDITIONS

All helicopters shall be equipped with suitable anti-icing and/or de-icing devices when operated in circumstances in which icing conditions are reported to exist or are expected to be encountered.


3.10 HELICOPTERS WHEN CARRYING PASSENGERS — SIGNIFICANT-WEATHER DETECTION Helicopters when carrying passengers should be equipped with operative weather radar or other significant-weather detection equipment whenever such helicopters are being operated in areas where thunderstorms or other potentially hazardous weather conditions, regarded as detectable, may be expected to exist along the route either at night or under instrument meteorological conditions.

3.11 ALL HELICOPTERS REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH THE NOISE CERTIFICATION STANDARDS IN ANNEX 16, VOLUME I

All helicopters required to comply with the noise certification Standards, shall carry a document attesting noise certification. When the document, or a suitable statement attesting noise certification as contained in another document approved by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal or by the State of Registry, is issued in a language other than English, it shall include an English translation.

3.12 HELICOPTERS CARRYING PASSENGERS — CABIN CREW SEATS

3.12.1 All helicopters shall be equipped with a forward or rearward facing (within 15 degrees of the longitudinal axis of the helicopter) seat, fitted with a safety harness for the use of each cabin crew member required to satisfy the intent of 10.1 in respect of emergency evacuation.

Note 1. In accordance with the provisions of 3.2.2 c) 1), a seat and seat belt shall be provided for the use of each additional cabin crew member.

Note 2. Safety harness includes shoulder straps and a seat belt which may be used independently.

3.12.2 Cabin crew seats shall be located near floor level and other emergency exits as

required by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal or the State of Registry for emergency evacuation.

3.13 HELICOPTERS REQUIRED TO BE EQUIPPED WITH A PRESSURE-

ALTITUDE REPORTING TRANSPONDER

All helicopters shall be equipped with a pressure-altitude reporting transponder.

3.14 MICROPHONES

All flight crew members required to be on flight deck duty shall communicate through boom or throat microphones.


3.15 VIBRATION HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM

A helicopter which has a maximum certificated take-of mass in excess of 3 175 kg or a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 9 should be equipped with a vibration health monitoring system.

3.16 HELICOPTER COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT

3.16.1 Communication Equipment

3.16.1.1 A helicopter shall be provided with radio communication equipment capable of: a) conducting two-way communication for heliport control

purposes; b) receiving meteorological information at any time during flight; c) conducting two-way communication at any time during flight

with at least one aeronautical station and with such other aeronautical stations and on such frequencies as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

3.16.1.2 The radio communication equipment required in accordance with 3.16.1.1 shall provide for communications on the aeronautical emergency frequency.

3.16.1.3 For flights in defined portions of airspace or on routes where an RCP type has been prescribed, a helicopter shall, in addition to the requirements specified in 3.16.1.1:

a) be provided with communication equipment which will enable it to operate in accordance with the prescribed RCP type(s); and

b) be authorized by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal for operations in such airspace.

3.16.2 Navigation Equipment

3.16.2.1 A helicopter shall be provided with navigation equipment which will enable it to proceed:

a) in accordance with its operational flight plan; and

b) in accordance with the requirements of air traffic services;

except when, if not so precluded by the appropriate authority, navigation for flights under VFR is accomplished by visual reference to landmarks.


3.16.2.2 For flights in defined portions of airspace or on routes where an RNP type has been prescribed, a helicopter shall, in addition to the requirements specified in 3.16.2.1:

a) be provided with navigation equipment which will enable it to

operate in accordance with the prescribed RNP type(s); and b) be authorized by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of

Nepal for operations in such airspace.

3.16.2.3 The helicopter shall be sufficiently provided with navigation equipment to ensure that, in the event of the failure of one item of equipment at any stage of the flight, the remaining equipment will enable the helicopter to navigate in accordance with 3.16.2.1 and, where applicable, 3.16.2.2.

3.16.2.4 On flights in which it is intended to land in instrument

meteorological conditions, a helicopter shall be provided with appropriate navigation equipment providing guidance to a point from which a visual landing can be effected. This equipment shall be capable of providing such guidance at each heliport at which it is intended to land in instrument meteorological conditions and at any designated alternate heliports.

3.17 INSTALLATION

The equipment installation shall be such that the failure of any single unit required for either communications or navigation purposes or both will not result in the failure of another unit required for communications or navigation purposes.


CHAPTER 4

FLIGHT OPERATIONS

4.1 OPERATING FACILITIES

4.1.1 An operator shall ensure that a flight will not be commenced unless it has been ascertained by every reasonable means available that the ground and/or water facilities available and directly required on such flight, for the safe operation of the helicopter and the protection of the passengers, are adequate for the type of operation under which the flight is to be conducted and are adequately operated for this purpose.

4.1.2 An operator shall ensure that any inadequacy of facilities observed in the course of operations is reported to Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, without undue delay.

4.2 OPERATIONAL CERTIFICATION AND SUPERVISION

4.2.1 The air operator certificate

4.2.1.1 An operator shall not engage in commercial air transport operations unless in possession of a valid Air Operator Certificate issued by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.

4.2.1.2 The Air Operator Certificate shall authorize the operator to conduct commercial air transport operations in accordance with specified authorizations, conditions and limitations.

4.2.1.3 Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal shall recognize as valid an Air Operator Certificate issued by a Contracting State, provided that the requirements under which the certificate was issued are at least equal to the applicable Standards specified by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.

4.2.1.4 The issue of an Air Operator Certificate to an operator shall be dependent upon the operator demonstrating an adequate organization, method of control and supervision of flight operations, training programme as well as ground handling and maintenance arrangements consistent with the nature and extent of the operations specified.

4.2.1.5 The continued validity of an Air Operator Certificate shall depend upon the operator maintaining the requirements of 4.2.1.4 under the supervision of Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.


4.2.1.6 The Air Operator Certificate shall contain at least the following: a) operator’s identification (name, location); b) date of issue and period of validity; c) description of the types of operations authorized; d) the type(s) of aircraft authorized for use; and e) authorized areas of operation or routes.

4.2.1.7 Certification for operation of helicopter is to be obtained through the

established system of Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal as specified in Air Operator Certificate Requirements (AOCR). All operators shall be subjected to continued surveillance by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal to ensure that the required standards of operations established are maintained.

4.3 OPERATIONS MANUAL

4.3.1 An operator shall provide, for the use and guidance of operations personnel concerned, an Operations Manual in accordance with appendix 5. The Operations Manual shall be amended or revised as is necessary to ensure that the information contained therein is kept up to date. All such amendments or revisions shall be issued to all personnel that are required to use this manual.

4.3.2 OPERATIONS MANUAL STRUCTURE GUIDANCE

An operations manual which may be issued in separate parts corresponding to specific aspects of operations should be organized with the following structure: a) Part A : General b) Part B : Aircraft Operating Matters Type Related c) Part C : Route and Aerodrome Instructions and Information d) Part D : Training

4.4 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS — GENERAL

4.4.1 An operator shall ensure that all operations personnel are properly instructed in their particular duties and responsibilities and the relationship of such duties to the operation as a whole.

4.4.2 A helicopter rotor shall not be turned under power, for the purpose of flight, without qualified pilot(s) at the controls. The operator shall provide appropriately specific training and procedures to be followed for all personnel, other than qualified pilots, who are likely to carry out the turning of a rotor under power for purposes other than flight.

4.4.3 The operator should issue operating instructions and provide information on helicopter climb performance with all engines operating to enable the pilot-in-command to determine the climb gradient that can be achieved during the take-off and initial climb phase for the existing take-off conditions and


take-off and initial climb phase for the existing take-off conditions and intended take-off technique. This information should be based on the helicopter manufacturer’s or other data, acceptable to Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, and should be included in the operations manual.

4.5 IN-FLIGHT SIMULATION OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

An operator shall ensure that when passengers or cargo are being carried, no emergency or abnormal situations shall be simulated.

4.6 CHECKLISTS

The checklists provided in accordance with 4.1.4 shall be used by flight crews prior to, during and after all phases of operations, and in emergency, to ensure compliance with the operating procedures contained in the Aircraft Operating Manual, the flight manual or other documents associated with the Certificate of Airworthiness and otherwise in the operations manual. The design and utilization of checklists shall observe Human Factors principles.

4.7 MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDES (Operations under IFR)

4.7.1 An operator shall be permitted to establish minimum flight altitudes for those routes flown for which minimum flight altitudes have been established by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, flown over or the responsible other State, provided that they shall not be less than those established by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal or that State.

4.7.2 An operator shall specify the method by which it is intended to determine minimum flight altitudes for operations conducted over routes for which minimum flight altitudes have not been established by the State flown over or the responsible State, and shall include this method in the operations manual. The minimum flight altitudes determined in accordance with the above method shall not be lower than specified by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.

4.7.3 The method for establishing the minimum flight altitudes should be approved by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal

4.7.4 Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal will approve such method

only after careful consideration of the probable effects of the following factors on the safety of the operation in question: a) the accuracy and reliability with which the position of the helicopter

can be determined; b) the inaccuracies in the indications of the altimeters used; c) the characteristics of the terrain (e.g. sudden changes in the elevation); d) the probability of encountering unfavorable meteorological conditions

(e.g. severe turbulence and descending air currents); e) possible inaccuracies in aeronautical charts; and f) airspace restrictions.


4.8 HELIPORT OPERATING MINIMA (OPERATIONS UNDER IFR)

4.8.1 An operator shall establish Heliport Operating Minima for each heliport to be used in operations and shall obtain approval of Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal the method of determination of such minima. Such minima shall not be lower than any that may be established for such heliports by of Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal or by any State in which the heliport is located, except when specifically approved by of Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal or by that State.

4.8.2 In establishing the Heliport Operating Minima which will apply to any particular operation, full account shall be taken of: a) the type, performance and handling characteristics of the helicopter; b) the composition of the flight crew, their competence and experience; c) the physical characteristics of the heliport, and direction of approach; d) the adequacy and performance of the available visual and non-visual

ground aids; e) the equipment available on the helicopter for the purpose of navigation

and/or control of the flight path during the approach to landing and the missed approach;

f) the obstacles in the approach and missed approach areas and the obstacle clearance altitude/height for the instrument approach procedures;

g) the means used to determine and report meteorological conditions; and h) the obstacles in the climb-out areas and necessary clearance margins.

4.8.3 Category II and Category III instrument approach and landing operations shall not be authorized unless RVR information is provided.

4.8.4 For instrument approach and landing operations, heliport operating minima below 800 m visibility should not be authorized unless RVR information or an accurate measurement or observation of visibility is provided.

4.9 FUEL AND OIL RECORDS

4.9.1 An operator shall maintain fuel and oil records to enable the State of the Operator to ascertain that, for each flight, the requirements of 4.3.6 have been complied with.

4.9.2 Fuel and oil records shall be retained by the operator for a period of three months.

4.10 CREW

4.10.1 Pilot-in-command. For each flight, the operator shall designate one pilot to act as pilot-in-command.


4.11 FLIGHT TIME, FLIGHT DUTY PERIODS AND REST PERIODS An operator shall formulate rules to limit flight time and flight duty periods and for the provision of adequate rest periods for all its crew members. These rules shall be in accordance with the regulations established or approved by Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, and included in the operations manual. Flight times and duty periods so specified by operators shall not be longer than the maximum times specified in this Requirements and the rest periods shall not be less than the minimum times specified herein.

4.12 PASSENGERS

4.12.1 An operator shall ensure that passengers are made familiar with the location and use of: a) seat belts or harnesses; b) emergency exits; c) life jackets, if the carriage of life jackets is prescribed; d) oxygen dispensing equipment, if the provision of oxygen for the use of

passengers is prescribed; and e) other emergency equipment provided for individual use, including

passenger emergency briefing cards.

4.12.2 The operator shall ensure that the passengers are informed of the location and general manner of use of the principal emergency equipment carried for collective use.

4.12.3 In an emergency during flight, passengers shall be instructed in such emergency action as may be appropriate to the circumstances.

4.12.4 The operator shall ensure that, during take-off and landing and whenever considered necessary by reason of turbulence or any emergency occurring during flight, all passengers on board a helicopter shall be secured in their seats by means of the seat belts or harnesses provided.

4.13 OVER-WATER FLIGHTS

An operator shall ensure that all helicopters on flights over water in a hostile environment in accordance with 3.5.1 shall be certificated for ditching. Sea state shall be an integral part of ditching information.

4.14 FLIGHT PREPARATION

4.14.1 A flight, or series of flights, shall not be commenced until flight preparation forms have been completed certifying that the pilot-in-command is satisfied that: a) the helicopter is airworthy; b) the instruments and equipment prescribed in Chapter 3 for the

particular type of operation to be undertaken, are installed and are sufficient for the flight;


c) a maintenance release as prescribed has been issued in respect of the helicopter;

d) the mass of the helicopter and centre of gravity location are such that the flight can be conducted safely, taking into account the flight conditions expected;

e) any load carried is properly distributed and safely secured; f) a check has been completed indicating that the operating limitations of

the helicopter can be complied with for the flight to be undertaken; and g) the requirements of the operational flight planning have been complied

with. Note- Series of flights are consecutive flights that:

a) begin and end within a period of 24 hours; and b) are all conducted by the same pilot-in-command.

4.14.2 Completed flight preparation forms shall be kept by an operator for a period of three months.

4.14.3 Operational flight planning

4.14.3.1 An operational flight plan shall be completed for every intended flight or series of flights, and approved by the pilot-in-command, and shall be lodged with the appropriate authority. The operator shall determine the most efficient means of lodging the operational flight plan.

4.14.3.2 The operations manual must describe the content and use of the

operational flight plan.

4.14.4 Alternate Heliports

4.14.4.1Take-off alternate heliport

4.14.4.1.1 A take-off alternate heliport shall be selected and specified in the operational flight plan if the weather conditions at the heliport of departure are at or below the applicable heliport operating minima.

4.14.4.1.2 For a heliport to be selected as a take-off alternate, the available information shall indicate that, at the estimated time of use, the conditions will be at or above the heliport operating minima for that operation.

4.14.4.2 Destination alternate heliport

4.14.4.2.1 For a flight to be conducted in accordance with IFR, at least one destination alternate shall be specified in the operational flight plan and the flight plan, unless:


a) the duration of the flight and the meteorological conditions prevailing are such that there is reasonable certainty that, at the estimated time of arrival at the heliport of intended landing, and for a reasonable period before and after such time, the approach and landing may be made under visual meteorological conditions as prescribed by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal; or

b) the heliport of intended landing is isolated and no suitable alternate is available. A point of no return (PNR) shall be determined.

4.14.4.2.2 For a heliport to be selected as a destination alternate, the available information shall indicate that, at the estimated time of use, the conditions will be at or above the heliport operating minima for that operation.

4.14.4.2.3 For a flight departing to a destination which is forecast to be below the heliport operating minima, two destination alternates should be selected. The first destination alternate should be at or above the heliport operating minima for destination and the second at or above the heliport operating minima for alternate.

4.14.4.3Suitable off-shore alternates shall be specified subject to the following:

a) the offshore alternates shall be used only after a PNR. Prior to a PNR, onshore alternates shall be used;

b) mechanical reliability of critical control systems and critical

components shall be considered and taken into account when determining the suitability of the alternates;

c) one engine inoperative performance capability shall be attainable prior to arrival at the alternate;

d) to the extent possible, deck availability shall be guaranteed; and e) weather information must be reliable and accurate.

4.14.4.3Off-shore alternates should not be used when it is possible to carry enough fuel to have an onshore alternate. Off-shore alternates should not be used in a hostile environment.

4.14.5 Weather conditions

4.14.5.1 A flight to be conducted in accordance with VFR shall not be commenced unless current meteorological reports or a combination of current reports and forecasts indicate that the meteorological conditions along the route or that part of the route to be flown or in the intended area of operations under VFR will, at the appropriate time, be such as to render compliance with these rules possible.


4.14.5.2 A flight to be conducted in accordance with IFR shall not be commenced unless the information is available which indicates that conditions at the heliport of intended landing or, when an alternate is required, at least one alternate heliport will, at the estimated time of arrival, be at or above the heliport operating minima.

4.14.5.3 A flight to be operated in known or expected icing conditions shall not be commenced unless the helicopter is certificated and equipped to cope with such conditions.

4.14.5.4 A flight to be planned or expected to operate in suspected or known ground icing conditions shall not be commenced unless the helicopter has been inspected for icing and, if necessary, has been given appropriate de-icing/anti-icing treatment. Accumulation of ice or other naturally occurring contaminants shall be removed so that the helicopter is kept in an airworthy condition prior to take-off.

4.14.6 Fuel and oil supply 4.14.6.1 All helicopters. A flight shall not be commenced unless, taking into

account both the meteorological conditions and any delays that are expected in flight, the helicopter carries sufficient fuel and oil to ensure that it can safely complete the flight. In addition, a reserve shall be carried to provide for contingencies.

4.14.6.2 VFR operations. The fuel and oil carried in order to comply with 4.14.6.1 shall, in the case of VFR operations, be at least the amount sufficient to allow the helicopter: a) to fly to the heliport to which the flight is planned; b) to fly thereafter for a period of 20 minutes at best-range speed;

and c) to have an additional amount of fuel, sufficient to provide for

the increased consumption on the occurrence of any of the potential contingencies specified by the operator to the satisfaction of the State of the Operator.

4.14.6.3 IFR operations. The fuel and oil carried in order to comply with 4.14.6.1 shall, in the case of IFR operations, be at least the amount sufficient to allow the helicopter:

4.14.6.3.1 When an alternate is not required, in terms of 4.14.4.2.1

a), to fly to the heliport to which the flight is planned, and thereafter: a) to fly 30 minutes at holding speed at 450 m (1 500

ft) above the destination heliport under standard temperature conditions and approach and land; and

b) to have an additional amount of fuel, sufficient to provide for the increased consumption on the occurrence of any of the potential contingencies specified by the operator to the satisfaction of the State of the Operator.


4.14.6.3.2 When an alternate is required, to fly to and execute an approach, and a missed approach, at the heliport to which the flight is planned, and thereafter:

a) to fly to the alternate specified in the flight plan; and then

b) to fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 450 m (1 500 ft) above the alternate under standard temperature conditions, and approach and land; and

c) to have an additional amount of fuel, sufficient to provide for the increased consumption on the occurrence of any of the potential contingencies specified by the operator to the satisfaction of the State of the Operator.

4.14.6.3.3 When no suitable alternate is available, in terms of 4.14.4.2.1 (e.g. the destination is isolated), sufficient fuel shall be carried to enable the helicopter to fly to the destination to which the flight is planned and thereafter for a period that will, based on geographic and environmental considerations, enable a safe landing to be made.

4.14.6.3.4 In computing the fuel and oil required in 4.14.6.1, at least the following shall be considered: a) meteorological conditions forecast; b) expected air traffic control routings and traffic

delays; c) for IFR flight, one instrument approach at the

destination heliport, including a missed approach; d) the procedures prescribed in the operations manual

for loss of pressurization, where applicable, or failure of one power-unit while en route; and

e) any other conditions that may delay the landing of the helicopter or increase fuel and/or oil consumption.

4.14.7 Refueling with passengers on board

A helicopter should not be refueled when passengers are embarking, on board, disembarking or when the rotor is turning unless the operator is granted specific authorization by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal setting forth the conditions under which such fuelling may be carried out.

4.14.8 Oxygen Supply

4.14.8.1 A flight to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric

pressure in personnel compartments will be less than 700 hPa shall not be commenced unless sufficient stored breathing oxygen is carried to supply:


a) all crew members and 10 per cent of the passengers for any period in excess of 30 minutes that the pressure in compartments occupied by them will be between 700 hPa and 620 hPa;

b) the crew and passengers for any period that the atmospheric pressure in compartments occupied by them will be less than 620 hPa.

4.14.8.2 A flight to be operated with a pressurized helicopter shall not be commenced unless a sufficient quantity of stored breathing oxygen is carried to supply all the crew members and passengers, as is appropriate to the circumstances of the flight being undertaken, in the event of loss of pressurization, for any period that the atmospheric pressure in any compartment occupied by them would be less than 700 hPa. In addition, when the helicopter is operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is more than 376 hPa and cannot descend safely to a flight altitude at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to 620 hPa within four minutes, there shall be no less than a 10-minute supply for the occupants of the passenger compartment.

4.15 IN-FLIGHT PROCEDURES

4.15.1 Heliport Operating Minima

4.15.1.1 A flight shall not be continued towards the heliport of intended landing, unless the latest available information indicates that at the expected time of arrival, a landing can be effected at that heliport, or at least one alternate heliport, in compliance with the operating minima established in accordance with 4.8.1

4.15.1.2 An instrument approach shall not be continued beyond the outer

marker fix in case of precision approach, or below 300 m (1 000 ft) above the heliport in case of non-precision approach, unless the reported visibility or controlling RVR is above the specified minimum.

4.15.1.3 If, after passing the outer marker fix in case of precision approach, or

after descending below 300 m (1 000 ft) above the heliport in case of non-precision approach, the reported visibility or controlling RVR falls below the specified minimum, the approach may be continued to DA/H or MDA/H. In any case, a helicopter shall not continue its approach-to land at any heliport beyond a point at which the limits of the operating minima specified for that heliport would be infringed.

4.15.2 Hazardous Flight Conditions

Hazardous flight conditions encountered, other than those associated with meteorological conditions, shall be reported to the appropriate aeronautical station as soon as possible. The reports so rendered shall give such details as may be pertinent to the safety of other aircraft.


4.15.3 Flight crew members at duty stations

4.15.3.1 Take-off and landing. All flight crew members required to be on flight deck duty shall be at their stations.

4.15.3.2 En-route. All flight crew members required to be on flight deck duty

shall remain at their stations except when their absence is necessary for the performance of duties in connection with the operation of the helicopter or for physiological needs.

4.15.3.3 Seat belts. All flight crew members shall keep their seat belt

fastened when at their stations. 4.15.3.4 Safety harness. Any flight crew member occupying a pilot’s seat

shall keep the safety harness fastened during the take-off and landing phases; all other flight crew members shall keep their safety harness fastened during the take-off and landing phases unless the shoulder straps interfere with the performance of their duties, in which case the shoulder straps may be unfastened but the seat belt must remain fastened.

Note: Safety harness includes shoulder straps and a seat belt which may

be used independently.

4.15.4 Use of Oxygen

All flight crew members, when engaged in performing duties essential to the safe operation of a helicopter in flight, shall use breathing oxygen continuously whenever the circumstances prevail for which its supply has been required in 4.14.8.1 or 4.14.8.4.

4.15.5 Safeguarding of cabin crew and passengers in pressurized aircraft in the event of loss of pressurization Cabin crew should be safeguarded so as to ensure reasonable probability of their retaining consciousness during any emergency descent which may be necessary in the event of loss of pressurization and, in addition, they should have such means of protection as will enable them to administer first aid to passengers during stabilized flight following the emergency. Passengers should be safeguarded by such devices or operational procedures as will ensure reasonable probability of their surviving the effects of hypoxia in the event of loss of pressurization.

Note: It is not envisaged that cabin crew will always be able to provide

assistance to passengers during emergency descent procedures which may be required in the event of loss of pressurization.


4.15.6 Instrument flight procedures

4.15.6.1 One or more instrument approach procedures to serve each final approach and take-off area or heliport utilized for instrument flight operations shall be approved and promulgated by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal in which the heliport is located, or by the State which is responsible for the heliport when located outside the territory of Nepal.

4.15.6.2 All helicopters operated in accordance with IFR shall comply with the

instrument approach procedures approved by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal in which the heliport is located, or by the State which is responsible for the heliport when located outside the territory of Nepal.

4.15.6 Helicopter operating procedures for noise abatement

An operator should ensure that take-off and landing procedures take into account the need to minimize the effect of helicopter noise.

4.16 DUTIES OF PILOT-IN-COMMAND

4.16.1 The pilot-in-command shall be responsible for the operation and safety of the helicopter and for the safety of all crew members, passengers and cargo on board, from the moment the engine(s) are started until the helicopter finally comes to rest at the end of the flight, with the engine(s) shut down and the rotor blades stopped.

4.16.2 The pilot-in-command shall ensure that the checklists specified in 4.6 are

complied with in detail. 4.16.3 The pilot-in-command shall be responsible for notifying the nearest

appropriate authority by the quickest available means of any accident involving the helicopter, resulting in serious injury or death of any person or substantial damage to the helicopter or property.

4.16.4 The pilot-in-command shall be responsible for reporting all known or

suspected defects in the helicopter, to the operator, at the termination of the flight.

4.16.5 The pilot-in-command shall be responsible for the journey log book or the

general declaration containing the information listed in the trip documents. 4.17 Duties of Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher

4.17.1 A Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher in conjunction with a method of control and supervision of flight operations in accordance with 4.2.1.4 shall:

a) assist the pilot-in-command in flight preparation and provide the relevant information;


b) assist the pilot-in-command in preparing the operational and ATS flight c) plans, sign when applicable and file the ATS flight plan with the

appropriate ATS unit; and d) furnish the pilot-in-command while in flight, by appropriate means, with

information which may be necessary for the safe conduct of the flight.

4.17.2 In the event of an emergency, a Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher shall:

a) initiate such procedures as outlined in the operations manual while avoiding taking any action that would conflict with ATC procedures; and

b) convey safety-related information to the pilot-in-command that may be necessary for the safe conduct of the flight, including information related to any amendments to the flight plan that become necessary in the course of the flight.

Note : It is equally important that the pilot-in-command also convey similar

information to the Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher during the course of a flight, particularly in the context of emergency situations.

4.18 CARRY-ON BAGGAGE

The operator shall ensure that all baggage carried onto a helicopter and taken into the passenger cabin is adequately and securely stowed.


CHAPTER 5

HELICOPTER PERFORMANCE OPERATING LIMITATIONS 5.1 GENERAL

5.1.1 Helicopters shall be operated in accordance with a code of performance established by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, in compliance with the applicable Standards of this chapter.

5.1.2 In conditions where the safe continuation of flight is not ensured in the event of a critical power-unit failure, helicopter operations shall be conducted in a manner that gives appropriate consideration for achieving a safe forced landing.

5.1.2.1 For IMC operations in performance Class 3, such operations shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of 5.4.

5.1.3 Where helicopters are operated to or from heliports in a congested hostile environment, the competent authority of the State in which the heliport is situated shall specify the requirements to enable these operations to be conducted in a manner that gives appropriate consideration for the risk associated with a power-unit failure.

5.2 APPLICABLE TO HELICOPTERS CERTIFICATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH PART IV OF ANNEX 8

5.2.1 A helicopter shall be operated in compliance with the terms of its Certificate of Airworthiness and within the approved operating limitations contained in its flight manual.

5.2.2 The Operator shall take such precautions as are reasonably possible to ensure that the general level of safety contemplated by these provisions is maintained under all expected operating conditions.

5.2.3 A flight shall not be commenced unless the performance information provided in the flight manual indicates that the Standards of 5.2.4 and 5.3 can be complied with for the flight to be undertaken.


5.2.4 In applying the Standards of this chapter, account shall be taken of all factors that significantly affect the performance of the helicopter (such as: mass, operating procedures, the pressure-altitude appropriate to the elevation of the operating site, temperature, wind and condition of the surface). Such factors shall be taken into account directly as operational parameters or indirectly by means of allowances or margins, which may be provided in the scheduling of performance data or in the code of performance in accordance with which the helicopter is being operated.

5.3 MASS LIMITATIONS

a) The mass of the helicopter at the start of take-off shall not exceed the mass at which the code of performance referred to in 5.1.1 is complied with, allowing for expected reductions in mass as the flight proceeds and for such fuel jettisoning as is appropriate.

b) In no case shall the mass at the start of take-off exceed the maximum take-off mass specified in the helicopter flight manual taking into account the factors specified in 5.2.4.

c) In no case shall the estimated mass for the expected time of landing at the destination and at any alternate exceed the maximum landing mass specified in the helicopter flight manual taking into account the factors specified in 5.2.4.

d) In no case shall the mass at the start of take-off, or at the expected time of landing at the destination and at any alternate, exceed the relevant maximum mass at which compliance has been demonstrated with the applicable noise certification Standards in Annex 16, Volume I, unless otherwise authorized in exceptional circumstances for a certain operating site where there is no noise disturbance problem, by the competent authority of the State in which the operating site is situated.

5.3.2 Take-off and initial climb phase 5.3.2.1 Operations in performance Class 1. The helicopter shall be able, in the

event of the failure of the critical power-unit being recognized at or before the take-off decision point, to discontinue the take-off and stop within the rejected take-off area available or, in the event of the failure of the critical power-unit being recognized at or after the take-off decision point, to continue the take-off, clearing all obstacles along the flight path by an adequate margin until the helicopter is in a position to comply with 5.3.3.1.


5.3.2.2 Operations in performance Class 2. The helicopter shall be able, in the event of the failure of the critical power-unit at any time after reaching DPATO, to continue the take-off, clearing all obstacles along the flight path by an adequate margin until the helicopter is in a position to comply with 5.3.3.1. Before the DPATO, failure of the critical power-unit may cause the helicopter to force-land; therefore the conditions stated in 5.1.2 shall apply.

5.3.2.3 Operations in performance Class 3. At any point of the flight path, failure of a power-unit will cause the helicopter to force-land; therefore the conditions stated in 5.1.2 shall apply.

5.3.3 En-route phase

5.3.3.1 Operations in performance Classes 1 and 2. The helicopter shall be able, in the event of the failure of the critical power-unit at any point in the en-route phase, to continue the flight to a site at which the conditions of 5.3.4.1 for operations in performance Class 1, or the conditions of 5.3.4.2 for operations in performance Class 2 can be met, without flying below the appropriate minimum flight altitude at any point.

Note: When the en-route phase is conducted over a hostile environment and the diversion time to an alternate would exceed two hours, it is recommended that the Operator assess the risks associated with a second power-unit failure.

5.3.3.2 Operations in performance Class 3. The helicopter shall be able, with all power-units operating, to continue along its intended route or planned diversions without flying at any point below the appropriate minimum flight altitude. At any point of the flight path, failure of a power-unit will cause the helicopter to force-land; therefore the conditions stated in 5.1.2 shall apply.

5.3.4 Approach and landing phase

5.3.4.1 Operations in performance Class 1. In the event of the failure of the critical power-unit being recognized at any point during the approach and landing phase, before the landing decision point, the helicopter shall, at the destination and at any alternate, after clearing all obstacles in the approach path, be able to land and stop within the landing distance available or to perform a balked landing and clear all obstacles in the flight path by an adequate margin equivalent to that specified in 5.3.2.1. In case of the failure occurring after the landing


decision point, the helicopter shall be able to land and stop within the landing distance available.

5.3.4.2 Operations in performance Class 2. In the event of the failure of the critical power-unit before the DPBL, the helicopter shall, at the destination and at any alternate, after clearing all obstacles in the approach path, be able either to land and stop within the landing distance available or to perform a balked landing and clear all obstacles in the flight path by an adequate margin equivalent to that specified in 5.3.2.2. After the DPBL, failure of a power-unit may cause the helicopter to force-land; therefore the conditions stated in 5.1.2 shall apply.

5.3.4.3 Operations in performance Class 3. At any point of the flight path, failure of a power-unit will cause the helicopter to force-land; therefore the conditions stated in 5.1.2 shall apply.

5.4 OBSTACLE DATA

The operator shall use available obstacle data to develop procedures to comply with the take-off, initial climb, approach and landing phases detailed in the code of performance established by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.

5.5 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATIONS OF HELICOPTERS IN PERFORMANCE CLASS 3 IN IMC, EXCEPT SPECIAL VFR FLIGHTS

5.5.1 Operations in performance Class 3 in IMC shall be conducted only over a surface environment acceptable to Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. In approving operations by helicopters operating in performance Class 3 in IMC, the CAAN shall ensure that the helicopter is certificated for flight under IFR and that the overall level of safety is provided by:

a) the reliability of the engines;

b) the operator’s maintenance procedures, operating practices and crew training programmes; and

c) equipment and other requirements provided in Appendix 14;

5.5.2 Operators of helicopters operating in performance Class 3 in IMC shall have a programme for engine trend monitoring and shall utilize the engine and helicopter manufacturers’ recommended instruments, systems and operational/ maintenance procedures to monitor the engines.


5.5.3 In order to minimize the occurrence of mechanical failures, helicopters operating in IMC in performance Class 3 should utilize vibration health monitoring for the tail-rotor drive system.


CHAPTER 6

HELICOPTER FLIGHT CREW 6.1 COMPOSITION OF THE FLIGHT CREW

6.1.1 The number and composition of the flight crew shall not be less than that specified in the Operations Manual. The flight crews shall include flight crew members in addition to the minimum numbers specified in the flight manual or other documents associated with the Certificate Of Airworthiness, when necessitated by considerations related to the type of helicopter used, the type of operation involved and the duration of flight between points where flight crews are changed.

6.1.2 The flight crew shall include at least one member authorized by Civil Aviation

Authority of Nepal or the State of Registry to operate the type of radio transmitting equipment to be used.

6.2 FLIGHT CREW MEMBER EMERGENCY DUTIES

An operator shall, for each type of helicopter, assign to all flight crew members the necessary functions they are to perform in an emergency or in a situation requiring emergency evacuation. Annual training in accomplishing these functions shall be contained in the operator’s training programme and shall include instruction in the use of all emergency and life-saving equipment required to be carried, and drills in the emergency evacuation of the helicopter.

6.3 FLIGHT CREW MEMBER TRAINING PROGRAMMES

6.3.1 An operator shall establish and maintain a ground and flight training programme, approved by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, which ensures that all flight crew members are adequately trained to perform their assigned duties. The training programme shall:

a) include ground and flight training facilities and properly qualified instructors as determined by the State of the Operator;

b) consist of ground and flight training for the type(s) of helicopter on which the flight crew member serves;

c) include proper flight crew coordination and training for all types of emergency and abnormal situations or procedures caused by powerplant, transmission, rotor, airframe or systems malfunctions, fire or other abnormalities;


d) include training in knowledge and skills related to the visual and instrument flight procedures for the intended area of operation, human performance and threat and error management, the transport of dangerous goods and, where applicable, procedures specific to the environment in which the helicopter is to be operated;

e) ensure that all flight crew members know the functions for which they are responsible and the relation of these functions to the functions of other crew members, particularly in regard to abnormal or emergency procedures; and

f) be given on a recurrent basis, as determined by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal and shall include an assessment of competence.

Note 1 : Paragraph 4.5 prohibits the in-flight simulation of emergency or abnormal situations when passengers or cargo are being carried.

Note 2 : Flight training may, to the extent deemed appropriate by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, be given in flight simulation training devices approved by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal for that purpose.

Note 3 : The scope of the recurrent training required by 6.2 and 6.3 may be varied and need not be as extensive as the initial training given in a particular type of helicopter.

Note 4 : The use of correspondence courses and written examinations as well as other means may, to the extent deemed feasible Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, be utilized in meeting the requirements for periodic ground training.

Note 5 : Training in the transport of dangerous goods are to be provided..

6.3.2 The requirement for recurrent flight training in a particular type of helicopter shall be considered fulfilled by:

a) the use, to the extent deemed feasible by Director General Civil

Aviation Authority of Nepal, of flight simulation training devices approved by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal for that purpose; or

b) the completion within the appropriate period of the proficiency check required by 6.4.4 in that type of helicopter.


6.4 QUALIFICATIONS

6.4.1 Recent Experience — Pilot-in-Command

6.4.1.1 An operator shall not assign a pilot to act as pilot-in-command of a type or variant of a type of helicopter unless, on the same type of helicopter within the preceding 90 days, that pilot has made at least three take-offs and landings.

6.4.1.2 When a pilot-in-command is flying several variants of the same type of helicopter or different types of helicopters with similar characteristics in terms of operating procedures, systems and handling, DG CAAN shall decide under which conditions the requirements of 6.4.1.1 for each variant or each type of helicopter can be combined.

6.4.2 Recent Experience — Co-Pilot

6.4.2.1 An operator shall not assign a co-pilot to operate at the flight controls during take-off and landing of a type or variant of a type of helicopter unless, on the same type of helicopter within the preceding 90 days, that co-pilot has operated the flight controls, as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot, during three take-offs and landings or has otherwise demonstrated competence to act as co-pilot on a flight simulation training device approved for the purpose.

6.4.2.2 When a co-pilot is flying several variants of the same type of helicopter or different types of helicopters with similar characteristics in terms of operating procedures, systems and handling, Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal shall decide under which conditions the requirements of 6.4.2.1 for each variant or each type of helicopter can be combined.

6.4.3 Pilot-in-Command Operational Qualification

6.4.3.1 An operator shall not utilize a pilot as pilot-in-command of a helicopter on an operation for which that pilot is not currently qualified until such pilot has complied with 6.4.3.2 and 6.4.3.3.

6.4.3.2 Each such pilot shall demonstrate to the operator an adequate knowledge of the operation to be flown. This shall include knowledge of:

a) the terrain and minimum safe altitudes; b) the seasonal meteorological conditions; c) the meteorological, communication and air traffic facilities,

services and procedures; d) the search and rescue procedures; e) the navigation facilities and procedures associated with the

route or area in which the flight is to take place; and


f) procedures applicable to flight paths over heavily populated areas and areas of high air traffic density, obstructions, physical layout, lighting, approach aids and arrival, departure, holding and instrument approach procedures, and applicable operating minima.

Note : That portion of the demonstration relating to arrival, departure, holding and instrument approach procedures may be accomplished in an appropriate training device which is adequate for this purpose.

6.4.3.3 A pilot-in-command shall have made a flight, representative of the operation with which the pilot is to be engaged which must include a landing at a representative heliport, as a member of the flight crew and accompanied by a pilot who is qualified for the operation.

6.4.3.4 The operator shall maintain a record, sufficient to satisfy Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal of the qualification of the pilot and of the manner in which such qualification has been achieved.

6.4.3.5 An operator shall not continue to utilize a pilot as a pilot-in-command on an operation unless, within the preceding 12 months, the pilot has made at least one representative flight as a pilot member of the flight crew, or as a check pilot, or as an observer on the flight deck. In the event that more than 12 months elapse in which a pilot has not made such a representative flight, prior to again serving as a pilot-in-command on that operation, that pilot must re-qualify in accordance with 6.4.3.2 and 6.4.3.3.

6.4.4 Pilot Proficiency Checks

6.4.4.1 An operator shall ensure that piloting technique and the ability to execute emergency procedures is checked in such a way as to demonstrate the pilot’s competence on each type or variant of a type of helicopter. Where the operation may be conducted under IFR, an operator shall ensure that the pilot’s competence to comply with such rules is demonstrated to either a check pilot of the operator or to a representative of Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. Such checks shall be performed twice within any period of one year. Any two such checks which are similar and which occur within a period of four consecutive months shall not alone satisfy this requirement.

Note: Flight simulation training devices approved by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal may be used for those parts of the checks for which they are specifically approved.

6.4.4.2 When an operator schedules flight crew on several variants of the same type of helicopter or different types of helicopters with similar characteristics in terms of operating procedures, systems and handling,


Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal shall decide under which conditions the requirements of 6.4.4.1 for each variant or each type of helicopter can be combined.

6.5 FLIGHT CREW EQUIPMENT

A flight crew member assessed as fit to exercise the privileges of a license, subject to the use of suitable correcting lenses, shall have a spare set of the correcting lenses readily available when exercising those privileges.

6.6 FLIGHT TIME, FLIGHT DUTY PERIODS AND REST PERIODS 6.6.1 The Operator shall specify for approval by Director General Civil Aviation Authority

of Nepal the limitations applicable to the flight time and flight duty periods for flight crew members. These specification shall also make provision for adequate rest periods and shall be such as to ensure that fatigue occurring either in a flight or successive flights or accumulated over a period of time due to these and other tasks does not endanger the safety of a flight.

6.6.2 Flight Crew Limitations: 6.6.2.1 Single pilot operations a) The maximum flight duty period in any period of 24 hours for a

pilot engaged in single pilot operation shall be 12 hours of which not more than 8 hours for operation by helicopter.

b) The minimum rest period between two consecutive flight duty

periods shall be 9 hours, and if the preceding duty period was 10 hours or more, it shall not be less than 10 hours. Any period between two consecutive flight duty periods which is spent at place where there is no facility for prone rest shall not qualify as a rest period.

6.6.2.2 Two pilot operations

a) The maximum flight duty period in any period of 24 hours for pilots engaged in two-pilot operation shall be 13 hours of which not more than 9 hours for operation by helicopter.

b) The minimum rest period between two consecutive duty periods shall be 9 hours and if the preceding flight duty periods was 11 hours or more, it shall not be less than 10 hours. Any period between two consecutive flight duty periods which is spent at a place where there is no facility for prone rest shall not qualify as a rest period.


4.11.4 Relaxation of limitations

a) Where an operator has established flight time and duty period limitations which are more restrictive than those specified in this directive, pilots-in-command may be authorized by the operator to extend flight times and duty periods up to the limits of those specified in this directive subject to such conditions as the operator may establish.

b) A pilot-in-command of an aircraft may be authorized to exceed the limits specified in this directive if in his judgement it is safe to do so for the following purposes :

i) search and rescue action; ii) provisions of relief in cases of distress; and

iii) completion of a flight which unforeseen operational conditions has extended beyond the limitations.

c) Whenever flight times or duty periods exceed the limitations specified, the pilot-in-command and the operator shall submit a report in writing to the Director General.

d) Reduction of the rest periods specified in this directive to facilitate :

i) search and rescue action; or ii) provision of relief in cases of distress;

shall be subject to the prior approval of the Director General.

4.11.5 Rest Period An operator shall establish for flight crew members a minimum rest period that allows them to obtain: a) adequate rest prior to flight duty time, calculated by taking into

account the number and type of flight crew member duties that precede and follow the rest period and ;

a) at least one rest period of not less than 24 consecutive hours, which

should include two nights, once within each seven day period.

4.11.7 Cumulative Hours Members of flight crew shall not fly:

- more than 100 hours in any period of one calendar month, - more than 290 hours in any period of three consecutive months,

more than 1000 hours in any period of twelve consecutive months.


CHAPTER 7

FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER/FLIGHT DISPATCHER

7.1 An Operator shall ensure that a Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher, employed in conjunction with an approved method of control and supervision of flight operations be licensed in accordance with the provisions of this FOR.

7.2 In accepting proof of qualifications other than the option of holding of a Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher License, the Operator, in accordance with the approved method of control and supervision of flight operations, shall ensure that, as a minimum, such persons meet the requirements for the Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher License.

7.3 An operator shall not assign a Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher to duty unless that person has:

a) satisfactorily completed an operator-specific training course that addresses all the specific components of its approved method of control and supervision of flight operations specified in Chapter Four;

b) made within the preceding 12 months, at least a one-way qualification flight in a helicopter over any area for which that person is authorized to exercise flight supervision. The flight shall include landings at as many heliports as practicable;

Note: For the purpose of the qualification flight, the flight operations oficer/flight dispatcher must be able to monitor the flight crew intercommunication system and radio communications, and be able to observe the actions of the flight crew.

c) demonstrated to the operator a knowledge of: 1) the contents of the operations manual; 2) the radio equipment in the helicopters used; and 3) the navigation equipment in the helicopters used;

d) demonstrated to the operator a knowledge of the following details concerning operations for which the officer is responsible and areas in which that individual is authorized to exercise flight supervision:

1) the seasonal meteorological conditions and the sources of meteorological information;

2) the effects of meteorological conditions on radio reception in the helicopters used;


3) the peculiarities and limitations of each navigation system which is used by the operation; and

4) the helicopter loading instructions;

e) satisfied the operator as to knowledge and skills related to human performance as they apply to dispatch duties; and

f) demonstrated to the operator the ability to perform the duties specified in 2.9. 7.4 A Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher assigned to duty should maintain

complete familiarization with all features of the operations which are pertinent to such duties, including knowledge and skills related to human performance.

7.5 A Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher should not be assigned to duty after 12

consecutive months of absence from such duty, unless the provisions of 7.3 are met.


CHAPTER 8

CABIN CREW 8.1 ASSIGNMENT OF EMERGENCY DUTIES

An operator shall establish, to the satisfaction of Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, the minimum number of cabin crew required for each type of helicopter, based on seating capacity or the number of passengers carried, in order to effect a safe and expeditious evacuation of the helicopter, and the necessary functions to be performed in an emergency or a situation requiring emergency evacuation. The operator shall assign these functions for each type of helicopter.

8.2 PROTECTION OF CABIN CREW DURING FLIGHT

Each cabin crew member shall be seated with seat belt or, when provided, safety harness fastened during take-off and landing and whenever the pilot-in-command so directs.

8.3 TRAINING

An operator shall establish and maintain a training programme, approved by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, to be completed by all persons being assigned as a cabin crew member. Cabin crew shall complete a recurrent training programme annually. These training programmes shall ensure that each person is:

a) competent to execute those safety duties and functions that the cabin attendant is assigned to perform in the event of an emergency or in a situation requiring emergency evacuation;

b) drilled and capable in the use of emergency and life-saving equipment required to be carried, such as life jackets, life rafts, evacuation slides, emergency exits, portable fire extinguishers, oxygen equipment and first-aid kits;

c) when serving on helicopters operated above 3 000 m (10 000 ft), knowledgeable as regards the effect of lack of oxygen and, in the case of pressurized helicopters, as regards physiological phenomena accompanying a loss of pressurization;

d) aware of other crew members’ assignments and functions in the event of an emergency so far as is necessary for the fulfilment of the cabin crew member’s own duties;


e) aware of the types of Dangerous Goods which may, and may not, be carried in a passenger cabin and has completed the Dangerous Goods training programme required by Annex 18; and

f) knowledgeable about human performance as related to passenger cabin safety duties and including flight crew-cabin crew coordination.

8.4 FLIGHT TIME, FLIGHT DUTY PERIODS AND REST PERIODS

Flight time and flight duty periods for Cabin Crew may be extended for upto two hours more than the cockpit crew however the rest periods shall be the same as for the cockpit crew.


CHAPTER 9

SECURITY 9.1 HELICOPTER SEARCH PROCEDURE CHECKLIST

An operator shall ensure that there is on board a checklist of the procedures to be followed in searching for a bomb in case of suspected sabotage. The checklist shall be supported by guidance on the course of action to be taken should a bomb or suspicious object be found.

9.2 TRAINING PROGRAMMES

9.2.1 An operator shall establish and maintain a training programme which enables crew members to act in the most appropriate manner to minimize the consequences of acts of unlawful interference.

9.2.2 An operator shall also establish and maintain a training programme to acquaint

appropriate employees with preventive measures and techniques in relation to passengers, baggage, cargo, mail, equipment, stores and supplies intended for carriage on a helicopter so that they contribute to the prevention of acts of sabotage or other forms of unlawful interference.

9.3 REPORTING ACTS OF UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE

Following an act of unlawful interference the pilot-in-command shall submit, without delay, a report of such an act to Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.

Flight Operations Requirements CHAP 10- 1 2 January 2009 Third Edition

CHAPTER 10

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS AND SAFE TRAINING PRACTICES 10.1 GENERAL 10.1.1 This chapter prescribes the requirements applicable to each certificate holder for

establishing and maintaining a training program for crew members, aircraft dispatchers and other operations personnel and for the approval and use of training devices in the conduct of the program as well as the contains of safe training practices.

10.2 TRAINING PROGRAM CURRICULUM 10.2.1 Each certificate holder must prepare and keep current a written training program

curriculum for each type of aircraft with respect to dispatcher and each crew member required for that type aircraft. Curriculum must include ground and flight training required by this chapter.

10.2.2 Each training program curriculum must include : a) a list of principal ground training subjects, including emergency training

subjects that are provided. b) a list of all the training devices mockups, system trainers, procedures

trainers or other training aids that the certificate holder will use. c) detailed descriptions or pictorial displays of the approved normal,

abnormal and emergency maneuvers, procedures and functions that will be performed during each flight training phase or flight check indicating those maneuvers, procedures and functions that are to be performed during the inflight portion of flight training and flight checks.

d) a list of aircraft simulators or other training devices approved, including

approvals for particular maneuvers, procedures or functions. e) the program hours or training that will be applied to each phase of

training. f) a copy of each statement issued by the Director General for reduction of

program hours of training.


10.3 TRAINING PROGRAM AND REVISION; Initial and Final Approval 10.3.1 To obtain initial program, each certificate holder must submit to the Director

General: a) an outline of the proposed program or revision, including an outline of

the proposed or revised curriculum that provides enough information for a preliminary evaluation of the proposed training program or revised training program; and

b) additional relevant information as may be requested by the Director

General. 10.3.2 If the proposed training program or revision complies with this chapter the

Director General grants initial approval in writing after which the certificate holder may conduct the training in accordance with that program. The Director General then evaluates the effectiveness of the training program and advises the certificate holder of deficiencies, if any, that must be corrected.

10.3.3 The Director General grants final approval of the program or revision if the

certificate holder shows that the training conducted under the initial approval setforth in the above paragraph ensures that each person that successfully completes the training is adequately trained to perform his assigned duties.

10.3.4 In granting initial or final approval of training programs or revision, including

reduction in program hours specified in this chapter, the Director General considers the training aids, devices, methods and procedures listed in the certificate to holders curriculum that increases the quality and effectiveness of the teaching-learning process.

10.3.5 If approval of reduced program hours of training is granted, the Director General

provides the certificate holder with a statement for the basis for the approval. 10.3.6 Whenever the Director General finds that revisions are necessary for the

continued adequacy of a training program that has been granted final approval, the certificate holder shall, after notification by the Director General, make any changes in the program that are found necessary by the Director General, within 30 days after the certificate holder receives such notice. However, if the Director General finds that there is an emergency that requires immediate action in the interest of safety in air transportation, he may, upon a statement of the reasons, require a change effective without stay.

10.4 GROUND INSTRUCTOR


10.4.1 No certificate holder may use a person to serve as a ground instructor for a

course of training unless that person :

(a) holds a flight instructor license with at least a CPL, or ATP license holder or a certified AMT license, all with the experience of not less than 3 years in operation of aircraft applicable to the category and class.

In case of an AMT license holder, his affiliation with subject to instruct

should be fit to satisfy the DGCA. A pilot whose license is not current but has above mentioned

qualification and experience also may be considered to be eligible to apply for a position of ground instructor.

(b) has demonstrated his knowledge and capacity on teaching subject matter

by conducting a ground class satisfactorily to the DGCA and is cleared by DGCA to act as an instructor for the ground training.

10.4.2 In case of ground instruction for flight operation officer and personnel involved

in dispatching aircraft, a pilot or a FOO license holder, with experience of not less than 3 years shall be eligible to conduct ground instruction, if his qualification and background is satisfactory to DGCA.

10.4.3 In case of ground instruction for cabin attendants, a pilot or a FOO license

holder or a cabin attendant, with experience of not less than 3 years shall be eligible to conduct ground instruction, if his qualification and background is satisfactory to DGCA.

10.4.4 A ground instructors authorization will have the duration of 24 months as the

period of validity.

10.4.5 For the renewal of ground instructorship the applicant must produce an evidence of conducting a ground class of his subject at least once in a year.

10.5 PILOT TRAINING : Ground and Flight Training 10.5.1 Initial, Transition, and Upgrade Ground Training. 10.5.1.1 Initial, transition and upgrade ground training for pilots must include

instruction in at least the following, as applicable, to their assigned duties :

a) General Subjects :


i) the certificate holders dispatch or flight release procedures. ii) principals and methods for determining weight and balance, and

runway limitations for take-off and landing (regulated take-off and landing weight)

iii) enough meteorology to ensure a practical knowledge of weather phenomena, including the principal of frontal systems, icing, fog, thunderstorms and high altitude weather situations.

iv) air traffic control systems, procedures and phraseology. v) navigation and the use of navigation aids, including instrument

approach procedures. vi) normal and emergency communication procedures. vii) visual cues prior to and during descent below DH or MDA; and viii) other instructions as necessary to insure his competence. b) For each aircraft type : i) a general description. ii) performance characteristics. iii) engines and propellers. iv) major components. v) major aircraft systems, appropriate procedures and limitations. vi) procedures for avoiding severe weather situations and for

operating in or near thunderstorms, turbulent air, icing, hail, and other potentially hazardous meteorological conditions.

vii) operating limitations viii) fuel consumption and cruise control. ix) flight planning. x) each normal and emergency procedure; and xi) the approved aircraft flight manual.

10.5.1.2 Initial ground training for pilots must consist all the programmed hours of instructions in the required subjects specified in the above paragraph and approved by Director General.

10.5.2 Initial, Transition, Upgrade and differences Flight Training.

10.5.2.1 Initial, transition and upgrade training for pilots must include flight training and practice in the maneuvers and procedures set forth in the Appendix as appropriate.

10.5.2.2 The maneuvers and procedures required by the above paragraph must be performed in-flight or (except to the extent that certain maneuvers and


procedures may be performed) or in an aircraft simulator or instrument flight procedure trainer approved by Director General.

10.5.2.3 The initial flight training required must include at least 10 hours for initial endorsement training on all helicopters or as approved by the Director General.

10.5.2.4 Minimum of 5 hours flight training is required for conversion training is

single-pilot helicopters or as approved by the Director General. 10.5.2.5 Minimum of 6 hours flight training is required for conversion and upgrade

training in multi-pilot helicopters or as approved by the Director General. 10.6 CABIN CREW; Initial and transition and differences ground training- 10.6.1 The initial transition and differences ground training for cabin crew must

include instruction in at least the following- a) General subjects- i) authority of the Pilot In Command ii) passenger handling, including the procedures to be followed in

the case of deranged persons or other persons or other persons whose conduct might jeopardize safety.

b) For each aircraft type- i) A general description of the aircraft of the aircraft emphasizing

physical characteristics that may have a bearing on ditching, evacuation and inflight emergency procedures and on other related duties.

ii) The use of both the public address system and the means of communicating with other crew members, including emergency means in the case of attempted hijacking or other unusual situations; and

iii) Proper use of electrical galley equipment and the controls for cabin heat and ventilation.

iv) drilled and capable in the use of emergency and life saving equipment required to be carried, such as life jackets, life rafts, evacuation slides, emergency exits, portable fire extinguishers, oxygen equipment and first aid kits;

v) when serving on helicopter operated above 3000 m (10000 ft), knowledgeable as regards the effect of lack of oxygen and, in the case of pressurized helicopter, as regards physiological phenomena accompanying a loss of pressurization.


vi) aware of other crew members' assignments and functions in the event of an emergency so far as is necessary for the fulfilment of the cabin crew member's own duties;

vii) aware of the types of dangerous goods which may, and may not, be carried in a passenger cabin and has completed the dangerous goods training programme required by Annex 18; and

viii) knowledgeable about human performance as related to passenger cabin safety duties including flight crew-cabin crew co-ordination.

10.6.2 Initial ground training for cabin crew must include a competence check to

determine ability to perform duties and responsibilities.

10.6.3 Initial ground training for cabin crew must consist of all the programmed hours of instruction in the subjects specified in the above and approved by Director General.

10.7 AIRCRAFT DISPATCHER; Initial and Transition Ground Training -

10.7.1 Initial and Transition Ground Training for aircraft dispatcher must include instruction in at least the following -

a) General subjects-

i) Use of communication systems including the characteristics of those systems and the appropriate normal and emergency procedures

ii) Meteorology, including various types of meteorological information and forecast, interpretation of weather data, (including forecasting of en route and terminal temperatures and weather conditions) frontal systems wind conditions and use of actual and prognostic weather charts for various altitudes

iii) The NOTAM system iv) Navigational aids and publications v) Joint dispatcher-Pilot responsibilities vi) Characteristics of appropriate airports vii) Prevailing weather phenomena and the available sources of

weather information; and viii) Air Traffic control and instrument approach procedures

b) For each aircraft -

i) A general description of the aircraft emphasizing operating and performance characteristics, navigation equipment, instrument approach and communication equipment and procedures and other subjects having a bearing on dispatcher duties and responsibilities.

ii) Flight operations procedures including procedures specified iii) Weight and balance computation

iv) Basic aircraft performance dispatch requirements and procedures,


v) Flight planning including track selection, flight time analysis and fuel requirements, and;

vi) Emergency procedures 10.7.2 Emergency procedures must be emphasized, including the alerting of proper

government, company and private agencies during emergencies to give maximum help to an aircraft in distress.

10.7.3 Initial and transition ground training for aircraft dispatchers must include a

competence check given by an appropriate supervisor or ground instructor that demonstrate knowledge and ability with the subjects setforth in this chapter.

10.7.4 Initial ground training for the aircraft dispatchers must consist the programmed

hours of instruction in the subjects specified in this paragraph and approved by Director General.

10.7.5 Recurrent ground training for dispatchers must include at least : a. the knowledge with respect to the aircraft type and b. in the subjects required for initial ground training as appropriate in the

form 0f a competency check. 10.8 FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS : Initial and Transition Training 10.8.1 The initial and transition ground training for pilot check airmen must include the

following : a) pilot check airmen duties, functions and responsibilities; b) the applicable Civil Aviation Regulations and the certificate holders

policies and procedures. c) the appropriate methods, procedures and techniques for conducting the

required checks. d) proper evaluation of pilot performance including the detection of : i) improper and insufficient training; and ii) personal characteristics that could adversely effect safety. e) the appropriate corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory checks. f) the approved methods, procedures and limitations for performing the

required normal, abnormal and emergency procedures in the aircraft. 10.8.2 The initial and transition flight training for pilot check airmen and instructors

pilot must include the following :

a) enough in flight training and practice in conducting flight checks from the left and right pilot seats in the required normal, abnormal and emergency maneuvers to ensure his competence to conduct the pilot flight check and flight training required by this chapter.


b) the appropriate safety measures to be taken from either pilot seat for emergency situations that are likely to develop in training.

c) the potential results of improper or untimely safety measures during training.

10.8.3 Recurrent Training

Recurrent Training /PPC of Instructor Pilot may be included in Pilot type Training.

10.9 FLIGHT ENGINEERS; Initial and Transition Flight training

10.9.1 Initial and transition flight engineers must include at least the following- a) Training and Practice in procedures related to the carrying out of flight

engineer duties and functions. This training and practice may be accomplished either inflight or in aircraft simulator, or in a training device.

b) A flight check that includes - i) Preflight inspection ii) Inflight performance of assigned duties accomplished from the

flight engineer station during taxi, run-up, take-off, climb cruise, descent , approach and landings.

iii) Accomplishment of other functions, such as fuel management and preparation of fuel consumption records and normal and emergency or alternate operation of all aircraft flight systems, performed either inflight in an aircraft simulator or in a training device.

10.9.2 Flight engineers possessing a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument,

class and category rating, or pilots already qualified as Co-pilot and reverting to flight engineer, may complete the entire flight check in an approved aircraft simulator.

10.9.3 Initial flight training must include at least 5 hours of programmed of flight

training and practice 10.9.4 If the certificate holders approved training program includes a course of

training utilizing an aircraft simulator or other training device, each flight engineer must successfully complete the followings:

a) training and practice in at least all of the assigned duties, procedures and

functions required by this chapter; and

b) a flight check to a flight engineer level of proficiency in the assigned duties, procedures and functions.


10.9.5 Recurrent Ground And Flight Training must be Conducted Once Within a one

Calendar Year. 10.10 INDOCTRINATION GROUND TRAINING : Crew Member, Flight Engineer

And Dispatcher

10.10.1Each training program must provide the following basic indoctrination ground training as appropriate to the particular assignment of the crew member or dispatcher:

a) duties and responsibilities of crew members or dispatchers, as applicable.

b) appropriate provisions of the Civil Aviation Regulations.

c) contents of the certificate holders operating certificate and operations specifications.

d) appropriate provisions of the certificate holders operating manual and e) company manuals. 10.11 CREW MEMBER EMERGENCY TRAINING 10.11.1 Each training program must provide the emergency training set forth in this

chapter with respect to each aircraft type model and configuration, each required crew member and each kind of operation conducted, in so far as appropriate for each crew member and the certificate holder.

10.11.2 Emergency training must provide the following : a) instruction in emergency assignments and procedures, including

coordination among crew members. b) individual instruction in the location, function and operation of

emergency equipment including :

i) equipment used in ditching and evacuation.

ii) first aid equipment and its proper use.

iii) portable fire extinguishers, with emphasis on type of extinguisher to be used on different classes of fire; and

iv) emergency exits in the emergency mode with the evacuation slide pack attacked (if applicable), with training emphasis on the operation of the exits under adverse conditions.

c) Instructions in the handling of emergency situations including :

i) rapid decompression.

ii) fire in flight or on the surface and smoke control procedures with emphasis on electrical equipment and related circuit breakers


located in cabin areas including all galleys, service centers, lifts, lavatories and movie screens.

iii) ditching and other evacuation, including, the evacuation of persons and their attendants, if any, who may need the assistance of another person to move expeditiously to an exit in the event of an emergency.

iv) illness, injury, or other abnormal situations involving passengers or crew members; and

v) hijacking and other unusual situations. d) review and discussion of previous aircraft accidents and incidents. 10.11.3 Each crew member must perform at least the following emergency drills and

actually operate the following emergency equipment during initial and recurrent training on each type aircraft in which they are to serve :

a) each type emergency exit in the emergency and normal mode. b) each type fire extinguisher. c) each type of emergency oxygen system. d) emergency evacuation including the use of a slide. e) donning, use and inflation of individual floatation means, if applicable. f) ditching, if applicable, including but not limited to, as appropriate :

i) cockpit preparation and procedures. ii) crew coordination. iii) passenger briefing and cabin preparation. iv) donning and inflation of life preserves. v) removal from the aircraft and inflation of each type raft. vi) transfer of each type slide pack from one door to another. vii) deployment, inflation and detachment from the aircraft of each

type of slide. viii) use of life lines. ix) boarding of passengers into raft or slide pack. g) crew members who serve in operations above 25,000 feet must receive

instruction in the following :

i) respiration.

ii) hypoxia.

iii) duration of consciousness without supplemental oxygen at altitude.

iv) gas expansion.

v) gas bubble formation.


vi) physical phenomena and incidents of decompression. 10.12 DIFFERENCE TRAINING ; Crew Members and Dispatchers 10.12.1 Differences training for crew members and dispatchers must consist of at least

the following, as applicable to their assigned duties and responsibilities : a) instruction in each appropriate subject or part thereof required for initial

ground training in the aircraft unless the Director General finds that particular subjects are not necessary.

b) flight training in each appropriate maneuver or procedure required for

initial flight training in the aircraft unless the Director General finds that particular maneuvers or procedures are not necessary.

c) the number of programmed hours of ground and flight training

determined by the Director General to be necessary for the aircraft, the operator the crew member or the aircraft dispatcher involved.

10.12.2 Differences training for all variations of a particular type aircraft may be

included in initial, transition, upgrading and recurrent training for the aircraft. 10.13 SAFE TRAINING PRACTICES

10.13.1 The goal of adherence of safe training practices by all pilots is to achieve an effective and safe level of pilot proficiency by practicing emergency procedures in a manner which will ensure that the practice does not become the real thing. Training beyond this level can be hazardous and unnecessary.

10.13.2 To preserve the highest degree of safety during training or checking, those

conducting emergency exercises are to ensure that candidates are completely briefed on all aspects of the flight. No sudden actions such as an engine shutdown or feathering are permitted. The check or training pilot shall state the exercise required i.e. "engine fire drill". The pilots under training or checking shall complete the check in accordance with published Flight Manual Procedures and operator’s Operating Procedures. The flying pilot will primarily fly the aircraft and delegate duties to the non-flying pilot. The non-flying pilot will act on the memory items then using the emergency written checklist, complete the remainder of the check. Emergency procedures requiring the closing of a throttle, condition lever, mixture control, feathering of a propeller or shutting down of any major system must be confirmed by both pilots before the lever or switch is moved.

10.13.3 Activation of fire bar handles, fuel firewall shutoff valves, fuel/oil shutoffs etc.

are to be SIMULATED only or activated above 5000' AGL.


10.13.4 Multiple emergencies, except those which follow logically from the first malfunction, shall not be completed at the same time.

10.13.5 It is not possible to compile safe training practices for all emergency procedures.

Training sequences not specified may be conducted by training or check pilots. Common sense is essential in the preservation of flight safety.

10.13.6 Instrument checks should not be performed during an IMC or at night unless the

aircraft is equipped with either approved thunderstorm detection equipment or approved airborne weather radar equipment.

10.13.7 Practices to real stalls on multiengine aircraft which has not been certified on

demonstration of control in case of spin should not be practiced.

10.14 TOLERANCE FOR P2 INITIAL AND RECURRENT CHECK

EXERCISE HEIGHT (ft)

SPEED (knots)

HEADING (degree)

01. Normal take-off (Rotation and climb speed)

+10 - 5

±10

02. STOL Take-off

+10 - 5

±10

03. X wind Take-off

+10 - 5

±10

04. SIM Power failure/fire after Take-off

- 0 +10 - 5

±20

05. SIM fire after Take-off

- 0 +10 - 5

±20

06. Normal turns

±100 ±10 ±10

07. 45° turns

±200 ±10 ±10

08. Approach to stall

-200 ±10

09. Full stall clean configuration

-200 ±10

10. Full stall landing configuration

-1000

11. Stall (25° bank)

-200 ±10

12. Normal landing (approach and VRef speed)

+10 - 5

13. Single engine landing

+10 - 0

14. Rejected landing +10 ±10


- 5 Notes : 1. Prevailing weather condition must be taken into consideration. 2. Guidelines on required maneuvers for an initial and recurrent pilot

proficiency check are mentioned in Appendix B (helicopter). 10.15 TOLERANCE FOR P1 UPGRADING AND PROFICIENCY CHECK

EXERCISE HEIGHT (ft)

SPEED (knots)

HEADING (degree)

01. Normal take-off (Rotation and climb speed)

+ 5 - 0

± 5

02. STOL Take-off

+ 5 - 0

± 5

03. X wind Take-off

+ 5 - 0

± 5

04. SIM Power failure after Take-off

- 0 + 5 - 0

± 10

05. SIM fire after Take-off

- 0 + 5 - 0

± 10

06. Normal turns

± 50 ± 0 ± 0

07. 45° turns

± 100 ± 5 ± 5

08. Approach to stall, clean configuration

- 100 ± 5

09. Approach to stall, landing configuration

- 200 ± 5

10. Approach to stall (25° bank)

- 100 ± 5

11. Normal landing (approach and VRef speed)

+ 5 - 0

12. Single engine landing

+ 10 - 0

13. Rejected landing

+ 5 - 0

± 5

Notes : 1. Prevailing weather condition must be taken into consideration.

Y. Guidelines on required maneuvers for an initial and recurrent pilot proficiency check are mentioned in Appendix A (aeroplane) and Appendix B (helicopter).

10.16 GRADINGS SAMPLE 10.16.1 Grading Sample for Initial and Recurrent Trainings


Each exercise will be marked: 1 = Proficiency 2 = Normal Progression 3 = Additional Training Required 4 = Unsatisfactory N/A = Not Applicable D = Discussed and Simulated T = Trained Check-Check not Required 10.16.2 Grading Sample for PPC and Check rides

(a) Satisfactory (S)- All exercises completed within tolerances. A sequence shall be rated "satisfactory" if: 1. It contains minor errors only; 2. Airspeed control is acceptable for prevailing condition; 3. Altitude control is acceptable for prevailing condition; 4. Due to lack of experience, the candidate’s flying is not as smooth

and accurate as would be expected from an experienced on-type-candidate.

5. Rating of “satisfactory” on initial proficiency check (check-ride flights) is necessary for the endorsement by CAAN.

6. The applicant PUC shall not be permitted for flight check unless he successfully completes an oral examination on General Aerodynamics and Technical Knowledge related to the type of aircraft.

(b) Satisfactory with briefing (SB)- All exercises completed within tolerance

but required briefing for minor errors. A sequence shall be rated "satisfactory with briefing" if; 1. It is safe but contains minor errors due to misinterpretation of

procedures and is repeated satisfactorily; 2. Aircraft control is safe but of a lower standard than would be expected; 3. An emergency procedure deviates from the check list but would not

create a more hazardous situation if done in an actual emergency; 4. An approach, take-off, or landing briefing is not in accordance with the

Company’s Operations Manual or Company’s Standard Operating Procedures;

5. A sequence deviates from Company’s Standard Operating Procedures but can be corrected with a de-briefing.

(c) Unsatisfactory (US)- Exercises exceed tolerances and attempted gross error. A sequence shall be rated "unsatisfactory" If: 1. Any attempt is made to follow a procedure which would violate an

ATC clearance or endanger the aircraft;


2. An improper emergency procedure is used which would create a more hazardous situation than the original emergency.

3. The flight controls are grossly mishandled; or 4. Gross deviations in airspeed, altitude and direction occur. Any unsatisfactory grading constitutes a failed check

Note- Any sequences that is recorded as "Satisfactory with Briefing" or" Unsatisfactory" shall be summarized in the space provided. Procedures may be repeated, if in the check pilot’s view, the candidate can perform the sequence correctly the second time.

10.17 BRIEFING AND DE-BRIEFING PROCEDURES

10.17.1 Briefing:

A pre-flight briefing of the candidate is mandatory. It is expected that the

candidate will fly the aircraft or simulator in accordance with the approved techniques and that he can do so within acceptable tolerances. The pre-flight briefing should therefore include the following:

a. The duration of flight test;

b. An outline of the proposed sequence of events;

c. The candidate should be prepared to demonstrate any procedure applicable to the aircraft, and will be expected to provide the initiative in response to any event;

d. It is anticipated that aircraft will be flown in accordance with:

i. Aircraft Flight Manual:

ii. Aircraft Training Manual;

iii. Company Operations Manual; and

iv. Company Standard Operating Procedures.

e. Simulated emergencies will be introduced during the flight; however, the

safety of flight must not be jeopardized at any time. He is expected to complete all actions that can be completed in the simulator and indicate those actions that must be simulated in the aircraft. All simulated emergencies given by the check pilot in the aircraft will be prefixed by the word "simulated".

f. The candidate will not be subjected to multiple unrelated system failures, although related failures may be introduced to demonstrate specific emergency procedure, e.g. multiple engine failure, total hydraulic failure etc.


g. When conducting flight checks in a simulator, emergency situations caused by an inappropriate response by the candidate will not be corrected by the check pilot.

h. The simulated prevailing weather will be at or below minima for the approach being carried out.

i. If "Field-in-Sight" is not indicated by the check pilot, at the published approach minima, a missed approach procedure or other appropriate action is to be carried out.

10.17.2 De-Briefing:

a. Except where a candidate’s ability is border lined and required considerable elevation, the candidate should always be advised at the conclusion of the flight test whether he has been rated "satisfactory" or "unsatisfactory".

b. If the check is "satisfactory", the candidate should be advised accordingly and de-briefed following the sequence of occurrence. When necessary, the candidate should be questioned to determine motive, reasoning and knowledge of a procedure before he is offered constructive criticism of a particular technique he has used. Criticism must always be given the correct emphasis, depending on its relative importance in the entire operation. Instance where the candidate indicates a particularly high standard of ability or demonstrates sound judgement, should be mentioned to balance the criticism.

c. If the check is "unsatisfactory", the candidate must be advised accordingly and the specific instances resulting in the assessment discussed. After discussion of the unacceptable points, the de-briefing should continue in the sequence of occurrence.


10.18 INSTRUMENT RATING

10.18.1 General requirement for check Candidates will be evaluated on the accuracy of their general instrument

flying, operational planning, adherence to ATC procedures and ability to execute let down and approach procedures to the standard required.

10.18.2 Equipment to be provided

(1) Instrument Flying Hood or suitable cockpit screens for simulated

instrument flight shall be provided. (2) Disks or other means for blanking out certain flight and navigation

instruments shall be provided.

10.18.3 Standards

1. Descent below decision height (DH) or minimum descent altitude (MDA) will involve mandatory failure of the examination.

2. If one item of the flight examination (other than descent below minima) is

failed by the candidate, this item may be repeated once. Should the candidate fail that item again, he will have failed the complete test.

3. Tolerance limit for flight maneuvers are intended for calm , stable air

conditions. Due allowance for adverse weather conditions and aircraft type may be made by the examiner if so required.

10.18.4 Navigation Aids and Equipment

1. The aircraft used for examination shall be equipped with functioning

instruments and equipment required by ICAO Annex 6 (operation of aircraft) section 6.9 and 6.10 as appropriate for flight under IFR conditions and at night.

2. The flight check will be conducted at an aerodrome or aerodromes

equipped with VOR/DME and NDB approach facilities.

10.18.5 Lighting System For the night rating, candidate should have additional thorough knowledge of

aerodrome lighting system, navigational lighting system as well as cockpit and aircraft interior.


10.18.6 Tolerances (A) Normal flight, flight with simulated engine failure, air-work and limited

panel:

HEIGHT :

i) 100 feet ii) For initiating overshoot from decision height or MDA

+50 -0 feet

iii) Maintenance of MDA +100 -0 feet

HEADING:

±10° (for normal flight ±5°) SPEED: +10 Kts -15 Kts

(B) Approach Aids TRACKING ±5° VOR APPROACH Less than full scale deflection (when inbound

from Final Approach Fix) ADF APPROACH 5 Degree of inbound QDM ILS APPROACH Not more than full scale deflection in localizer

and glide path when inbound from Final Approach Fix.

(C) Missed approach decision point or descent point on non-precision aids

must be reached at a constant rate of descent to confirm to a 3° Glide Slope.

10.19 NIGHT FLIGHT QUALIFICATION

10.19.1 General Procedure

The Instructor Pilot will be responsible to explain each and every item and ensure that the student understands them well before commencement of night flight training.


a) As per requirements, the operator will initiate the night flight training to the pilot, who holds IR valid for the type of aircraft he is flying, in accordance with the training plan. Training and check should be conducted by night rated Instructor Pilot.

b) Briefing and de-briefing procedures will be conducted as mentioned in

10.17 of this section. c) Items which will result in failure of the flight test at night is mentioned

in 10.20

10.19.2 Essential Background Knowledge a) The considerations with respect to night vision, aero-medical factors for

night flying, how to adapt to reduced lighting, and the need to avoid exposure to bright light.

b) Airport beacons and runway lighting systems, turn-off points, taxiway lighting, strobes, VASIS threshold and runway and lighting, and obstruction light.

c) Additional considerations for the aircraft external line check:

(1) Position, landing and taxi-light serviceability check. (2) Instrument lighting-proper level and adjustment. (3) Serviceable flashlight, spare fuses. d) The extra care necessary, due to deceptive speed illusion, for taxiing

when ground references not visible and minima is reached. e) The proposed flight training in its various stages emphasizing the extra

care necessary when taxiing at night, systematic check, and the need to maintain sufficient generator/alternator output to meet the additions demands when taxiing lights and other night illumination is used.

f) For take-off, stress the basic similarity to that of a daylight take-off,

except for the necessity to supplement visual references with instrument references to establish a safe climb-out.

g) For the approach and landing, emphasize how runway lights can be

used to assess drift, constant approach angle, and as a landing reference to approach and runway light.

10.19.3 Advice to Instructor a) Before commencing night flying, a student should be reasonably

proficient in instrument flying.


b) Ensure the student is thoroughly aware of the entire airport lighting system. Review the lights and visual signals that could be expected from the control tower in the event of radio failure.

c) Insist on extreme care being taken while taxiing, due to the difficulty

in estimating speed and distance. d) Point out the importance of the generator or alternator charging rate as

both radio equipment and lighting depend upon it. e) Point out that night flying is a combination of visual and instrument

flight and that the degree of instrument reference depends on the clarity of the horizon, or dependable ground lights.

f) Insist on the student keeping a sharp look-out for other aircraft at all

times. Do not allow him to concentrate only inside the cock-pit. g) The student should be given practice in landing with and without the

use of a landing light. 10.20 FAILURE OF THE FLIGHT TEST Following are the items which will result in failure of the flight test : a) Failure to fly the aircraft within the prescribed tolerance. b) Failure to check the flight instruments or radio equipment before flight. c) Failure to check before flight or to use correctly in flight any one of the de-

icing or anti-icing. d) Failure to check the electrical charging systems before flight. e) Failure to apply the correct altimeter setting. f) Failure to check any vital action item contained in the appropriate check list

provided by the manufacturer, which are vital to the safety of the aircraft being flown.

g) Failure to obtain ATC or simulated ATC clearances when necessary or to

comply with such clearances h) Failure to communicate with ATC using proper applicable terminology in

both content and format, at any of the standard or requested reporting points except where reason for non-acceptance or non-compliance can be justified.

i) Failure to correctly select or identify the appropriate navigational aids.


j) Failure to follow the correct procedure in the event of communications Failure.

k) Failure to identify failed engine. l) By reason of lack of skill, knowledge or experience, he is unable to i) complete an orientation; ii) establish a holding pattern within the allocated airspace ; or iii) maintain control of the aircraft.


CHAPTER 11

APPROVAL OF TRAINING ORGANIZATION

11.1 GENERAL 11.1.1 Part 1 to ICAO Annex 6 requires that operators establish and maintain a ground

and flight training program approved by the State of Operator which ensures that all flight crew members are adequately trained to perform their assigned duties.

11.1.2 This Chapter prescribes condition for grant, extension and renewal of Director

General approval to a training organization providing courses of instruction for trainees requiring flight crew licenses and/or type ratings.

11.1.3 For the grant of endorsement or ratings in license, in any type of aircraft, it is

mandatory that the applicant shall have successfully completed an approved course.

11.1.4 Upon training of an initial type conversion, the operator while conducting

training is also required to arrange such training for CAAN authorized person. 11.1.5 The Director General, may in any case, order an inspection of such training

facilities, at any time, at his discretion. Such cost of inspection should be borne by the operator(s) or training organizer or training organization whoever is involved in applying for such approval as a service charge.

11.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR GRANT OR APPROVAL FOR

ENDORSEMENT AND/OR TYPE COURSE 11.2.1 An organization proposing to conduct a course of instruction on a particular

aircraft type for endorsement and type rating, may apply to the Director General for the course to be approved. The application should be accompanied by;

a) The name, qualification and experience of the instructor nominated to

conduct the course. b) A description of the classroom and the available facility. c) A copy of the detailed course syllabus based on the programmed

curriculum as required by Training Program Curriculum of this Section. Note - Minimum of 10% (or the time for instructions) of the training time will

be spent on system training, i.e. demonstration in actual aircraft.


d) A list of teaching and demonstration facilities, audio visual training aids

maintained to a satisfactory standard, and other facilities to be used during the course to facilitate complete comprehension of the instruction given.

Note - The ICAO Training Manual, Training Manual prescribed by the

manufacturer, Flight Manual and/or the syllabus available with Director General should be used as a guideline by training organization.

e) A copy of the training notes or training manual with diagrams, charts and

graphs to be used for the training. f) The duration of course with not less than the hours as specified. g) Written progress examinations to be held at the conclusion of each

section or phase of training. Examination papers in use shall cover the complete syllabus or section of the syllabus concerned.

11.2.2 A training organization which has applied for approval may be granted a

Certificate of Approval provided the requirements specified in para 11.2.1 are met and CAAN authorized person upon inspection establishes that,

a) The premises are clean and suitable. b) The facilities are adequate for training to the standard required by the

syllabus. c) The library is adequate and all manuals in it are fully amended up to date. 11.2.3 The Director General may require that the course be monitored in whole for the

first time by an authorized person. During the session of course whenever deemed necessary, the authorized person may make necessary co-ordination with the course-manager or instructor in case of any deficiency in the part of the instruction. The approval of the course will be dependent on a favourable report on the actual conduct of the course by the authorized person.

11.2.4 The Director General may require the course to be monitored in part if the

training for type conversion initial/recurrent, is similar to the one previously conducted, or is in repetitive nature and the authorized instructor/s and facilities have been provided.


11.3 GRANT OF APPROVAL 11.3.1 Approval of training organization to conduct repetitive type courses will be

granted by issue of a Certificate of Approval and an associated schedule of conditions.

11.3.2 Approval of a single course which will not necessarily be repeated will be

signified by issuance of a Letter of Approval to the organization arranging the course.

11.3.3 Any organization conducting an approved course shall issue each successful

trainee with a certificate showing the following information; a) The name of organization issuing the certificate. b) The title of the course. c) The approval status of the course. d) The commencement and finishing dates of the course. e) The full name of the trainee. f) The examination percentages obtained during progress and final

examinations. 11.3.4 A course certificate shall not be issued to any trainee Pilot or a crew who

attended less than 80% of the course. A daily attendance record shall be maintained for each trainee and held available for inspection on request by an authorized person.

11.3.5 A course certificate issued to any participant who secures less than 70% marks in

progress examinations conducted during the training period will not be recognized for licensing purposes. Training examination papers shall be preserved for six months following the conclusion of each course and shall be made available for inspection on request by an authorized person.

11.4 EXTENSION AND RENEWAL OF APPROVAL 11.4.1 An organization already approved to conduct certain courses may apply to

conduct additional courses and such approval may be granted when the Director General is satisfied that the required conditions will be met.

11.4.2 A Certificate of Approval to a training organization will normally be valid for

one year but may be renewed if the Director General is satisfied that the required condition for the grant of approval have been maintained. For this purpose any changes in staff, syllabus or facilities shall be notified to the Director General.


11.5 FOREIGN TRAINING ORGANIZATION A Foreign Training organizations that holds a Certificate of Approval, issued by the

Civil Aviation Authority, of a Contracting State of I.C.A.O. may be granted a Certificate of Approval by the Director General, provided that, the operator applying for such approval proves to the satisfaction of the Director General that requirements in para. 11.2.1 is met.


CHAPTER 12 MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR THE APPROVAL OF

SYNTHETIC FLIGHT TRAINER 12.1 APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

12.1.1 An application for approval of an helicopter simulator shall be submitted to the Director General of Civil Aviation and shall include:

(a) sufficient information to show that the simulator adequately simulates

the type of helicopter with respect to the items and systems listed in section 3 of this schedule; and

(b) comparative data sheets showing that the performance and flight

characteristics of the helicopter simulator have been flight checked and found to be within the limits prescribed in sections 4 and 9 of this Schedule.

12.1.2 The helicopter data used for comparison purposes referred to in paragraph

12.1.1 (b) shall be applicable to the helicopters currently in use by the air carrier and may be obtained from

a) the approved Aircraft Flight Manual, type inspection reports or other

flight test data provided by the manufacturer ; b) flight tests conducted in the air carrier's own helicopter (performance

and flight characteristics data for the centre of gravity limits and weights used during training will be satisfactory) if an outline of the tests is to be conducted

i) has been prepared by the air carrier and coordinated with the

Director, ii) contains procedures to be followed and data to be obtained

during each phase of the Flight Testing Program or c) other sources approved by the Director General of Civil Aviation. 12.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

12.2.1 The effect of changes on the basic forces and movements shall be introduced for all combinations of drag and thrust normally encountered in flight, including the effect of changes in helicopter attitude, power, drag, altitude, temperature, gross weight, centre of gravity location and configuration.


12.2.2 In response to control movements by a flight crew member , all instrument indications involved in the simulation of the applicable helicopter must be entirely automatic in character, unless otherwise specified in this Schedule.

12.2.3 The rate of change of simulator instrument readings and of control forces

shall, unless specific tolerances are otherwise specified in this Schedule, reasonably correspond to the rate of change which would occur in the applicable helicopter under actual flight conditions for any given change in the applied load on the controls, in the applied power or in helicopter configuration.

12.2.4 Control forces and degree of actuating control travel shall, unless specific

tolerances are otherwise specified in this Schedule, reasonably correspond to that which would occur in the helicopter under actual flight conditions.

12.2.5 The instrument indication on a simulator shall be such that it may be used for

the training and checking of a pilot in the operational use of controls and instruments on the applicable helicopter model during the simulated execution of ground operation, take-off, landing, normal flight, unusual attitudes, navigation problems and instrument approach procedures.

12.2.6 A simulator shall be so designed that malfunction of helicopter engines, rotors

and primary systems may be presented and corrective action may be taken by the crew to cope with such emergencies.

12.2.7 A simulator shall be capable of simulating ground and in-flight operation of

the communication and navigation systems of the applicable helicopter. 12.3 MINIMUM STANDARD FOR SIMULATION OF HELICOPTER SYSTEMS 12.3.1 An helicopter simulator shall simulate at least the following item and systems

that are appropriate to the type of helicopter being simulated: (a) all normal cockpit noise related to engine or aerodynamic noise

(adjustable volume is permissible); (b) all flight controls; (c) gust locks; (d) trim tabs; (e) landing gear operation; (f) wheel brakes; (g) steering mechanisms used on the ground; (h) powerplant operations; (i) rotor controls and systems; (j) anti-detonation injection systems;


(k) fuel and oil systems; (l) cockpit, representing a full scale mock-up, including normal pilot and

flight engineer stations and accommodations for the instructor or check airman, and representing a typical fleet helicopter;

(m) circuit breaker stations manageable by the flight crew in the flight (n) hydraulic systems; (o) fire detection and extinguishing systems; (p) pneumatic systems (including emergency airbrakes); (q) electrical systems; (r) interior cockpit lights; (s) exterior light controls; (t) pressurization and air conditioning systems (instrument indication and

warning signals); (u) de-icing and anti-icing systems; and (v) supplemental breathing systems (the systems may be charged with or

vented to air) 12.4 MINIMUM STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE 12.4.1 An helicopter simulator shall simulate the performance characteristics of the

particular type of helicopter being simulated, helicopter weight and centre of gravity optional, within the following limits:

(a) landing gear operating time, ±3 seconds; (b) take-off acceleration time, ±10 per cent;

(c) average rate of turn on calibration of gyro-compass and turn-and-bank indicator in standard rate turns and 30-degree banked turns, through a range of 180°, ±10 per cent;

(d) minimum control speed (in-flight), ±5 knots; (e) speed versus power in level flight at cruise altitude, ±5 knots, or 3 per

cent, or .03 Mach; (f) the rates of climb versus altitude standards referred to in paragraph (k)

shall satisfy : (i) in one configuration referred to in paragraph 12.4.1 at least two

helicopter weights, and (ii) in one other configuration referred to in paragraph 12.4.1 at

least two outside air temperature values; (g) the rates of climb versus airspeed standards referred to in paragraph(n)

shall satisfy (i) one take-off configuration, and (ii) one enroute configuration;


(h) engine power (thrust) calibration at take-off and maximum continuous ratings over an altitude range, in the case of

(i) reciprocating engines, MP, for a given BMEP and RPM, ±1 inch,

(ii) turbine engines, N1 and N2 , for a given EPR, ±2 per cent, and (iii) critical altitude, piston engine simulators only, ±800 feet or ±10

per cent.

12.4.2 In determining compliance with paragraphs (j) to (o), the MP/BMEP/RPM relationship must conform to helicopter data within the tolerance specified in subparagraph (i) of paragraph (p) and the EPR/ Compressor/ RPM relationship must conform to helicopter data within the tolerance specified in subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (p).

12.4.3 When alternate tolerance limits are given, the higher or highest limits apply. 12.5 MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS 12.5.1 An helicopter simulator shall simulate the flight characteristics of the

particular type of helicopter being simulated, helicopter weight and centre of gravity being optional, in longitudinal control stability and stick breakout forces.

12.5.2 An helicopter simulator shall display static longitudinal control stability in the

following configurations, one of which shall cover a centre of gravity range:

(a) landing; (b) approach; (c) cruise, high altitude; (d) cruise, low altitude; and (e) climb.

12.5.3 When the simulator speed is caused to depart 15 per cent from trim speed in any of the configurations specified in subsection (2), the return to trim shall be within ±9 knots of the approved helicopter data.

12.5.4 In an helicopter simulator, the slope of the static longitudinal stability stick

force curve shall be positive.

12.5.5 Helicopter simulator control forces shall be within ± 10 pounds or ±20 per cent, in the following areas:

(a) longitudinal control forces during

(i) flap retractions, with engine power or thrust on, (ii) flap retractions, with engine power or thrust off, (iii) flap extensions, (iv) power or thrust applications , and (v) a go-around following a balked landing;


(b) rudder and aileron forces at minimum in-flight control speed; and (c) stick force per "g"

12.5.6 The roll rate of a simulator shall be within ±2 seconds or ±25 per cent, whichever is the greater, of the helicopter data.

12.5.7 If the flight characteristics referred to in paragraphs (b) and (c) of subsection

12.5.5 and in subsection 12.5.6 are not contained in Type Inspection Report submitted by the air carrier, the Director may adjudge the adequacy of this simulation.

12.5.8 In the following areas of flight characteristics, when appropriate to the type of

helicopter being simulated, the adequacy of simulation shall be subject to approval by the Director:

(a) compressibility trim change;

(b) approaches to stall in the take-off, approach, and landing configuration (wings level) from initial buffet to stall, except that at least one approach to stall must be done in a 20-degree bank turn;

(c) buffet at high Mach numbers up to design Mach limits;

(d) dutch roll; and

(e) emergency descents. 12.6 MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR NAVIGATIONAL ACCURACY 12.6.1 At any altitude, on any heading and at any airspeed, thee navigational

accuracy of an helicopter simulator shall be as follows:

(a) the distance traveled with zero wind in a particular time interval shall be equivalent to ±5 per cent of the horizontal component of the true airspeed multiplied by the time interval;

(b) the track of the simulator with no wind shall equal the true heading of

the simulator within ±3 degrees including allowance for instrument error, and this shall apply when the simulator is turning as well as flying a constant heading; and

(c) during simulated ILS approaches with zero wind, the descent path of

the simulator, as indicated by airspeed, altitude, and rate of descent, shall equal the descent path as indicated by the flight instrument indicating glide path deviation within the following limits:

(i) from 0 to 200 feet above the runway height, within ± 20feet,

(ii) from 200 to 1000 feet, within ±10 per cent of the height above the runway, and

(iii) from 1000 to 5000 feet above the airport elevation, within ±100 feet.


12.7 MINIMUM STANDARDS OF INSTRUMENT FLIGHT PROCEDURE TRAINER

(TURBINE HELICOPTER)

12.7.1 Application for Approval

An application for approval of an Instrument procedure trainer (Flight procedure trainer) to be used for turbine helicopters shall be submitted to DGCA and shall include,

a. sufficient information showing that the instrument procedure trainer meets the requirements mentioned for simulation of helicopter and instrument procedures in the category of turbine helicopters.

b. comparative date sheets showing that the performance and flight characteristics of the helicopter have been checked from the manufacturer and/or by the state where it has been certified and found satisfactory within limit.

12.7.2 General Requirements

Instrument procedure trainer should simulate at least the following items and systems which are applicable to a turbine helicopter.

12.7.2.1 Technical specification of helicopter system :

a. All Flight Controls b. Trim Tabs c. Landing Gear Operation d. Wheel Brakes e. Nose Wheel Steering on the Ground f. Wing Flaps g. Power Plant Operations h. Rotor Controls i. Fuel and Oil Systems j. Hydraulic Systems k. Fire Detection and Extinguishing System l. Pneumatic System m. Electrical System n. Interior Cockpit Lights o. De-icing & Anti-icing System p. Pressurization q. Avionics r. Flight and Engine Instrument s. Announciator System t. Sound Simulation System :

i) Air Noise ii) Turbine Engine iii) Rotor Noise iv) Tire Screech upon touch down v) Landing Gear Retraction & Extension

u. Cockpit, Representing a mock-up, including normal captain & co-pilot station and accommodations for the Instructor & Check-pilot.


12.7.2.2 Helicopter performance

a. Landing Gear Operations. b. Take-off Acceleration c. Turn and Bank Indicator in Standard Rate Turns. d. Engine Malfunction

i) Take-off Gear Down (One engine inoperative) ii) Take-off Gear Up (One engine inoperative) iii) One Engine Inoperative En-route Climb iv) One Engine Inoperative Approach and Landing

e. Presentations of The Malfunction of The Helicopter Engines and

Primary Systems as well as corrective action taken by the crew to cope with such emergencies.

f. Graphical Instructor Station (GISt)

i) GISt Control Module ii) Map Module iii) Snap Shot Function iv) Approach Module v) Records/ Replay Module vi) Score Modure vii) Station Editor Module viii) Performance Editor Module ix) Print for Generating Screen Prints

g. A colour vision system which should be able to project the image

display of aircraft performance

12.7.2.3 Navigation and Communication a. VOR b. DME c. ADF d. Auto Pilot e. Flight Director f. Magnetic Compass and Directional Gyro g. Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) h. Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) i. HF, VHF j. Approach Lights and PAPI Lights k. Runway and Aerodrome Lights


CHAPTER 13

OPERATIONS AT AN AERODROME AND AIRCRAFT 13.1 GENERAL

13.1.1 The Director general may specify such requirements relating to the ground operation and servicing of aircraft as he considers to be appropriate.

13.1.2 The Director General may specify such requirements related to the conduct of persons at an aerodrome as he may consider appropriate.

13.1.3 The Director General may specify such limitations on obstacles, obstructions, extraneous lighting, radio interference, or activities likely to attract birds at an aerodrome as he may consider appropriate.

13.1.4 A person on board an aircraft operating in Nepal, or on board a Nepalese Registered aircraft wherever it may be, shall comply with such requirements as may be specified by the Director General.

13.2 GROUND OPERATIONS

13.2.1 Fueling of aircraft

1) An aircraft shall not be refueled or defueled at an aerodrome;

a) within 15 meters of a building, or

b) at a time when passengers are embarking, or disembarking, or are on board, unless there are qualified personnel in the aircraft who are ready to initiate and direct an evacuation of the aircraft by the most practical and expeditious means available, and who are in two way communication with the ground crew supervising the refueling.

2) Refueling and refueling of an aircraft shall be supervised by a person appointed by the owner or operator of the aircraft, or by a member of the flight crew, or by a supervisor appointed by the fuel supplier; the person supervising shall ensure that the aircraft is bonded to the fuelling hose and to the fuelling unit and that both are earthed, and that no source of flame or sparks is in the vicinity of the aircraft.

13.2.2 Engines to be run by qualified personnel

a) A person shall not start the engine of an aircraft on the ground, nor operate the controls of an aircraft engine which is running, unless that person is a pilot, or holding a rating on that aircraft, or is a licensed aircraft maintenance engineer or a member of an approved maintenance organization authorized to ground run the engines of that aircraft.

b) The engine or engines of an aircraft shall not be started unless chocks are in position in front of the main wheels, or the aircraft brakes, if any, are on.

c) No other persons other than the certified pilots are allowed to engage the rotors in helicopter.


13.2.3 Taxiing of aircraft

An aircraft shall not be taxied on the movement area of the aerodrome unless the person operating the controls of the aircraft is a pilot holding as rating on that aircraft, or is a person who has been properly authorized by the operator of the aircraft, or by his agent, has received instructions from the aerodrome manager or his representative in respect of the layout of the aerodrome, taxiing routes, and taxiway signals, and complies with instructions if any, related to taxiing issued by the Air Traffic Services Unit at that aerodrome where such a unit exists. The person operating the aircraft controls while taxiing, or another person in the flight deck who is in communication with the person at the control, shall be qualified and licensed to use the radio telephone.

13.2.4 Compliance with noise abatement procedures Pilot-in-command of aircraft taking off and landing and persons responsible

for ground running aircraft engines at aerodromes shall comply with the procedures, if any, authorized by the Director General as a noise abatement measure except where in the opinion of the pilot-in-command it would be unsafe to do so.

13.2.5 Parking of Aircraft a) An aircraft shall not be parked in any position on an aerodrome other

than as prescribed by the aerodrome manager or the officer in duty in the Air Traffic Services Unit at the aerodrome.

b) Except with the permission in writing of the Director General, an aircraft

shall not be parked on the movement areas of an aerodrome for a period exceeding four weeks if the Certificate of Airworthiness issued in respect of that aircraft is no longer valid.

c) In the case of an aircraft which is parked in contravention of this

directive, the owner shall remove it in compliance with such instructions as may be issued by the Director general. Where the owner fails to comply within a reasonable period of time with such an instruction, the Director General, or an authorized representative may take such steps as may be necessary to remove the aircraft in compliance with the instruction.

13.3 MOVEMENT OF PERSONS AND VEHICLE AT AN AERODROME

13.3.1 Unauthorized persons and vehicles No person shall enter and no vehicle shall be driven on the maneuvering

area on aerodrome except with the permission of, and in compliance with instructions issued by, an officer on duty in the Air Traffic Services Unit at that aerodrome, or in the absence of such a unit, without the permission of the aerodrome manager at that aerodrome.


13.3.2 A person shall not operate a vehicle which is authorized to be driven on the movement area of an aerodrome, unless that person has been authorized to operate that vehicle by the Director General or the aerodrome manager.

13.3.3 Taxing on a Movement Area

An aircraft shall not be taxied on the movement area of an aerodrome unless the person at the controls:

a) has been duly authorized by the operator or a designated agent.

b) is competent to taxi the aircraft

c) is qualified to use the radio telephone and

d) has received instruction from a competent person in respect of aerodrome layout, routes, signs, marking, lights, air traffic control (ATC) signals, and instructions, phraseology and procedures, and is able to conform to the operational standards required for safe aeroplane movement at the aerodrome.

13.3.4 Persons not to smoke or create a fire hazard No person shall smoke or generate a naked flame in any area of an aerodrome

which is designated as a "no smoking" area by the aerodrome manager or do any act likely to create a fire hazard in any area of an aerodrome.

13.3.5 Trading at an aerodrome a) No person shall carry on any trade or business at an aerodrome except

with the approval of the Director General and under such terms and conditions as he may direct.

b) No person at an aerodrome shall solicit any person for any purpose except with the permission of aerodrome manager.

c) No person shall operate for hire at any aerodrome any taxi cab, or omnibus, or other vehicle carrying passengers except with the permission of the Director General or the aerodrome manager and in such a way as he may direct.

13.3.6 Movement of Vehicle a) No person shall operate any motor vehicle at an aerodrome other than in

accordance with any regulations or directions issued by the aerodrome manager concerning motor vehicles and road traffic at that aerodrome.

b) No person shall operate a motor or other vehicle at an aerodrome

contrary to any sign erected or displayed for the control of vehicles by the aerodrome manager.

c) No person shall park any motor or other vehicle at an aerodrome other

than as authorized by the aerodrome manager.


d) No person shall load or disembark passengers from a vehicle at an

aerodrome other than at places designated for that purpose by the aerodrome manager.

e) No person shall operate a motor or other vehicle at an aerodrome while

under the influence of alcoholic liquor or drugs to an extent that his ability to operate the vehicle is impaired.

f) No person shall operate a motor or other vehicle at an aerodrome other

than on the roads, paths, or places provided for the use of the particular type or class of vehicle, or occupy such roads, paths or places in such a manner as to hinder or obstruct any use of them.

g) Motor or other vehicles shall give way to pedestrians in areas at an

aerodrome which are areas designated for use by pedestrians. h) For the purpose of the foregoing, "at an aerodrome" shall mean all areas

within an aerodrome to which the public has access. 13.3.7 Reporting of incidents/accidents Any person who is involved in any incident/accident at an aerodrome and all

the witnesses to any incident/accident shall report without delay to the aerodrome manager or to the police at the aerodrome.

13.3.8 Articles lost and found Any person finding a lost article shall deposit it with the aerodrome manager.

Such articles which are unclaimed within thirty days, or in the case of perishable foodstuffs twelve hours, shall be disposed of in such a manner as may be directed from time to time by the Director General.

13.3.9 Keeping of animals

No person shall keep domestic or other animal at an aerodrome except with

the permission of, and in accordance with such restrictions and conditions as may be imposed by the aerodrome manager.

13.3.10 Animals constituting a danger Any bird/animal constituting a danger to the aircraft, or to the public at an

aerodrome, may be shot by the persons authorized by Director General. 13.3.11 Firearms and offensive weapons a) A person shall not enter an aerodrome while in possession of any

firearms, explosives, offensive weapons or other munitions of war unless


that person is a duly authorized member of the Armed Forces of Nepal, or is a passenger intending to surrender such firearms or other weapons prior to carriage by air, or is a person authorized by His Majesty's Government or by the Director General to carry firearms or other weapons.

b) A person, other than a duly authorized person, in possession of firearms,

explosives, offensive weapons or other munitions of war shall surrender them to Security Force at the aerodrome for a period of time that person is in that aerodrome, or a passenger, shall surrender them to the person in charge of loading the aircraft on which that passenger intends to travel, before boarding the aircraft.

13.3.12 Damage to aerodrome property No person shall destroy or deface any building, sign, equipment, marker or

other property at an aerodrome. 13.3.13 Dumping of trash a) No person shall dispose of garbage, nor deposit refuse or any other

object at an aerodrome except by placing it in the receptacle provided for the purpose.

b) No person shall abandon any property or other thing at an aerodrome. 13.3.14 Rohibition of gambling No person shall engage in gambling, or operate a gambling device, at an

aerodrome. 13.3.15 Disorderly conduct No person shall create any nuisance or any disorderly act at an aerodrome, or

use a sanitary convenience in a disorderly manner. 13.3.16 Prevention of fire a) Combustible liquids shall not be stored at an aerodrome unless they are

stored in such a places and subject to such conditions as may be specified by the Director General or the aerodrome manager, except that this shall not apply to fuel contained in the fuel tank of an aircraft, a motor vehicle or other motor powered appliance.

b) No person shall keep any oiled waste, waste oil, cleaning rags, or

substances liable to suffer spontaneous combustion, or which are otherwise inflammable, on or near to aircraft on the ground, near any fuelling unit, hanger, or workshop, or other building or installation in


which any flammable material is stored. Waste substances such as those referred to in this sub paragraph shall be disposed of daily in such a manner as may be specified by the Director General or the aerodrome manager.

c) An owner, tenant, or occupant of any premises at an aerodrome shall

provide on these premises, and maintain in good working order, fire fighting appliances and equipment to a standard approved by the Director General and during working hours, have available on the premises sufficient personnel trained in the use of such appliances and equipment.

d) No owner, occupant or tenant of any building at an aerodrome shall

install or cause to be installed for use in that building, any engine or electrical apparatus of any kind, or make or cause to be made, any alternation or addition to existing electrical installations in any building without the approval in writing of the Director General.

e) Facilities for battery charging shall not be installed without the approval

in writing of the Director General or the aerodrome manager, and if installed shall not be left unattended unless the power supply has been switched off and the battery leads disconnected.

f) In the event of a fire occurring in any premises, hanger, or workshop, or

in any other places at an aerodrome, a report in writing giving all the circumstances shall be submitted to the aerodrome manager within twenty-four hours by the person occupying or responsible for, the place of the occurrence.

13.3.17 Danger from stock or equipment No occupant of any hanger, or premises at an aerodrome utilized for

commercial purposes shall store or stock, or permit to be stored and stocked, any material or equipment in such a manner as to constitute a danger to persons or property.

13.3.18 Provision of first-aid kits All tenants or lessees of hangers, workshops, or other premises utilized for

commercial purposes at an aerodrome shall provide first-aid kits of a type approved by the Director General or the aerodrome manager, located in such hangers, workshops or premises at a conveniently accessible place.

13.3.19 Prohibition of entry


No person shall enter any Air Traffic Service Unit, any hanger, any customs area, any communication center, any movement area or maneuvering area, or passenger arrival and departure area, except

a) persons lawfully assigned to duty therein ; b) persons authorized to enter by the Director General or the aerodrome

manager, or the Security Force ; c) passengers entering the movement area and the arrival and departure

lounge for the purpose of disembarking or embarking ; or d) persons authorized by the Collector of Customs or the Commissioner of

Excise with the permission of the Director General, or the aerodrome manager, or the Security Force.

13.3.20 Aerodrome Restricted Areas No person shall enter any area designated by the Director General or the

Aerodrome manager as an aerodrome restricted area except with the permission of the Director General or the aerodrome manager, and on such terms as may be included in the permission.

13.4 SAFEGUARDING AT AERODROMES 13.4.1 Limitation of obstructions a) No person shall erect any temporary or permanent structure, nor position

a vehicle or other mobile object on or in the vicinity of an aerodrome that will protrude through any obstacle limitation at that aerodrome.

b) for the purpose of this rule an obstacle limitation surface at an aerodrome shall be those surface defined by the Director General in respect of that aerodrome in Air Navigation Directive.

c) In the event that a person erects a structure or positions a vehicle or other mobile objects in contravention of this directive, the Director General shall take such action as he considers fit to cause the infringing object to be removed and shall not be liable for damage so caused . Any costs incurred by the Director General in taking such action shall be borne by the person causing the infringement.

13.4.2 Limitations of lights

a) No person shall operate a light in the vicinity of an aerodrome which because of its glare is liable to dazzle pilots of aircraft taking off or landing at that aerodrome, or which can be mistaken for an aeronautical ground light.


b) If such a light is operated it shall be extinguished or satisfactorily screened immediately upon notice being given to the person or persons operating the lights, by the Director General.

13.4.3 Interference with communications or navigational aids No person shall operate a radio station or electrical equipment in the vicinity

of an aerodrome, or of a radio aid to navigation which is serving an airway, an air route, or an approach to an aerodrome which is liable to cause interference with radio communication between aircraft and an Air Traffic Services unit, or which is liable to disturb the signal from a navigational radio aid.

13.4.4 Measures to avoid attraction of birds a) No person shall leave waste foodstuffs on, or bring waste foodstuffs

onto, an area of land to which this paragraph applies. b) The Director General may, by notice in writing, require the owner of

land where foodstuffs are, if that land is within an area to which this paragraph applies, to remove the waste foodstuffs or to deal with it within a time and in a manner as specified in the notice.

c) A person shall not fail to comply with the requirement of a notice served

on him under sub paragraph (2) d) For the purpose of this paragraph:

"area of land" means the area of land lying within a radius of 8 kms from either end of a runway at an aerodrome ; and

"waste foodstuffs" includes other waste substances attractive to birds.

13.5 CONDUCT OF PERSONS IN AN AIRCRAFT

13.5.1 Persons not to stow away on aircraft A person shall not secrete himself in an aircraft or have access without the

consent of the pilot-in-command or the operator of the aircraft. 13.5.2 Behavior of persons in an aircraft

A person shall not, while in an aircraft:

a) interfere with a crew member ; b) behave in a disorderly or offensive manner ; or c) do any act that threatens the safety of the aircraft or of persons on

board the aircraft. 13.5.3 Persons not to carry weapons


No passenger on board an aircraft shall carry or have in his charge any weapon except that a weapon that is not designed for use in warfare, or against the person, may be carried as passenger baggage provided it is stowed so as to be inaccessible to passengers during flight, and if it is a firearm, is unloaded.

13.5.4 Restrictions on smoking in aircraft A person shall not smoke when on board an aircraft registered in Nepal : a) in those areas in the aircraft designated as non-smoking areas; and b) at any time when the cabin crew or the flight crew of the aircraft

indicate either verbally or by means of signs that smoking is prohibited.

13.5.5 Consumption of intoxicating liquor or drugs a) No person shall enter an aircraft while under the influence of

intoxicating liquor, or drugs, nor shall any person consume intoxicating liquor, or drugs, in an aircraft registered in Nepal so as to become intoxicated.

b) No person shall administer narcotic or hallucinogenic drugs except

in the case of a person under qualified medical supervision. 13.5.6 Carriage of drugs Narcotic drugs, mood changing or hallucinogenic drugs, depressant or

stimulant drugs, or marijuana shall not be carried in an aircraft except as a medicament prescribed for the individual use of a passenger by a qualified medical practitioner or as part of the approved emergency medical kit approved by the Director General.

13.5.7 Entry to flight deck a) A person shall not enter the flight crew compartment of an aircraft,

when the aircraft is in flight unless he is a member of the crew of the aircraft or has the permission of the pilot-in-command, or is a person authorized by the Director General to carry out a flight inspection of the aircraft operation, or flight checks of members of its crew.

b) A pilot seat or other operating crew position in an aircraft shall not be occupied by any person other than a member of the operating crew of the aircraft who is licensed and qualified for the duties associated with that seat or position, or by a person authorized by the Director General to carry out flight inspections or flight checks in that aircraft.

c) The provisions of this Paragraph notwithstanding, the Pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall have the authority to refuse to permit and person to enter the flight crew compartment during flight, or to


occupy a pilot seat or other operating crew position, if in his opinion, the presence of that person, or his occupancy of a pilot seat or other operating crew position, would endanger the aircraft.

d) If the person who is refused permission under the provisions of sub paragraph (c) is a person authorized by the Director General to carry out flight inspections or flight checks in that aircraft, the pilot-in-command shall state the reasons for his refusal to that person and immediately after completion of the flight shall furnish a report in writing to the Director General.

13.5.8 Authority of the pilot-in-command The pilot-in-command of an aircraft, with such assistance as he requires,

may : a) take such action, including the removal of a person from the

aircraft or the placing of a person under restraint or custody by force, as he considers reasonably necessary to ensure compliance with these requirements in, or in relation to, the aircraft ; and

b) detain the passengers, crew, and cargo for such periods as he considers reasonably necessary to ensure compliance with these rules in, or in relation to, the aircraft.


CHAPTER 14

OPERATIONS WITH LEASED AIRCRAFT

14.1 GENERAL

This requirements, terms, conditions and responsibilities of the operators concerning leasing of aircrafts and operation with leased aircrafts.

14.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRCRAFT LEASING

14.2.1 Regardless of the type of lease, an AOC holder may be allowed to lease aircraft provided that any lease arrangement entered into an operation of leased aircraft thereafter, satisfies the following conditions:

14.2.1.1 that such arrangements shall not be equivalent to giving a

lessor of another country access to traffic rights not otherwise available to that lessor;

14.2.1.2 that the responsibility of the continued airworthiness and the adequacy of operating and maintenance standards of the leased aircraft having registration other than the State of operator, shall be established to the satisfaction of the CAA of both Contracting States;

14.2.1.3 that regardless of the duration of lease, the operator (lessee) shall be responsible for the operational control of leased aircraft;

14.2.1.4 that leased aircraft shall meet the Noise Certification as applicable;

14.2.1.5 that, for the purpose of ensuring safety standards and compliance, all leasing arrangements, shall have prior approval from the CAA;

14.2.1.6 that wet leasing of foreign registered aircraft, shall not be approved for operation until all requirements of Civil Aviation Rules 2058 and transfer agreement under ICAO Article 83 bis are met;

14.2.1.7 that the aircraft lease period and age shall be governed as per directives issued by CAAN;


14.3 AIRCRAFT LEASING PROCESS

Prior to leasing of any aircraft, an Operator shall notify the CAA in writing and shall obtain approval before using any leased aircraft;

14.3.1 Particulars of Aircraft and Lessee / Lessor

The Operator shall provide CAAN with following information along with his application: (a) Type of Lease;

(b) Name and address of the Parties/persons to the Agreement;

(c) Duration of the proposed Lease agreement with dates;

(d) Type of Aircraft, Number, Registration Mark(s) and State of Registry;

(e) Name and address of the registered owner;

(f) Evidence for passenger and third party insurance.

14.3.2 Transfer Agreement

(a) Where wet leasing of foreign registered aircraft is proposed, a transfer agreement shall be signed between CAAN and State of Registry in accordance with Rules 2058 and ICAO Article-83 bis;

(b) Transfer agreement shall cover the transfer of all or part of the functions and duties from the State of Registry to CAAN in respect of that aircraft and its operations. Functions and duties of both CAAs shall be clearly defined in this agreement. This ensure Operations and Airworthiness surveillance for the safety of the operation and functions of FOR and NCAR;

(c) All arrangements for meetings, discussions and signing of the Agreement shall be made by the Operator at no cost to CAAN;

(d) The CAA officials team will consist of at least one representative from Operations and one from Airworthiness;

Note- Where no delegation of responsibility has been agreed to between the States concerned, the operation shall not take place.

14.3.3 Operators Lease Agreement

A lease Agreement between the Lessor and Lessee shall be signed by both parties. A copy of this lease agreement shall be provided to CAA. Financial concerns only, may be blanked out if considered appropriate.


14.3.4 Inspection / Evaluation by CAAN

(a) Where foreign registered aircraft leasing is proposed, an Inspection/Evaluation and scrutiny of documents and aircraft proposed for lease operation, shall be conducted by Flight Operations Inspector and Airworthiness Inspector in the State of Registry, at no cost to the CAAN;

(b) Flight Inspector shall inspect the aircraft, check the documents and evaluate Training Devices/Simulator for compatibility in accordance with FOR.

(c) An inspection/evaluation by Flight Operations inspector shall be carried out in accordance with Flight Operations Inspector’s Manual.

Note - Arrangements shall be made for type training of inspectors if not already qualified on the aircraft being leased, at the cost of lessee;

14.3.5 Provision of Documents:

The Lessee shall provide following documents in English, to CAAN : (a) Company Operations Manual including SOP, Route Manual, Security

Manual, Dangerous Goods manual;

(b) Aircraft Flight Manual. Exposition Manual of the Company (Lessor), Maintenance Manuals and Maintenance Control Manual to Airworthiness;

(c) Photocopies of licenses of all Flight crew and Maintenance Engineers deployed on leased aircraft.

(d) The Minimum Equipment List (MEL)/Configuration Deviation List (CDL) of leased aircraft.

14.4 DRY LEASE

The lease of an aircraft without crew is normally referred to as a "dry lease". The requirements and the obligations are as follows:

14.4.1.In Dry Lease, the aircraft shall :

(a) be operated under the AOC of the lessee;

(b) have to be placed on Nepalese register and the registration of the aircraft be valid so long as the lease is in force and the aircraft is operated in accordance with the regulations of the State of the Operator, the terms or conditions specified in the AOCR, FOR, NCAR and related operations specifications and the operator's operations and maintenance manuals.


14.4.2 In Dry Lease, the holder of the AOC who is the lessee (operator), shall:

(a) have the commercial control of the aircraft;

(b) use his/her airline designator code; and

(c) have the traffic rights related to that/those aircraft in accordance with the Aviation Policy and Directives.

14.4.3 The holder of the AOC who is the lessee (operator), shall be responsible:

(a) to provides licensed/certificated and competent crew for the operation of leased aircraft;

(b) to exercise operational control over the aircraft with all the related responsibilities;

(c) for custody of the aircraft and control of all operations;

(d) for the airworthiness and maintenance of the aircraft;

Note : In dry lease, when aircraft is placed on Nepalese Register, all other requirements as specified by CAAN shall be applicable.

14.5 DRY LEASING OF NEPALESE REGISTERED AIRCRAFT

14.5.1 Dry Leasing of Nepalese Registered aircraft may be allowed either from an AOC holder or from an owner/company provided all the requirements given in Clause 14.3, Aircraft Leasing Process and 14.4 Dry Lease are met.

14.6 WET LEASE (Short/Long term)

The lease of an aircraft with crew is normally referred to as a "Wet Lease". The regulatory requirements and the obligations of lessee for wet lease short or long term, are as follows:

14.6.1. The holder of the AOC who is the lessee (operator), shall;

14.6.1.1 Have the commercial control of the aircraft; 14.6.1.2 Use his/her airline designator code (if applicable); and 14.6.1.3 Have the traffic rights related to leased aircraft.

14.6.2 The holder of the AOC/Lessee shall be responsible for:

14.6.2.1 Exercising Operational control over the aircraft with all the related responsibilities;

14.6.2.2 Custody of the aircraft and control of all operations; 14.6.2.3 The maintenance of airworthiness of the leased aircraft Note : For short term lease, responsibility of operational control and maintenance

of the aircraft will be either Lesor or Lessee as agreed between CAAs.


14.7 WET LEASING OF FOREIGN REGISTERED AIRCRAFT FROM AN AOC

HOLDER

14.7.1 Wet leasing of foreign registered aircraft from an AOC holder of contracting States by a Nepalese AOC holder, may be allowed provided; (a) All the requirements given in clause 14.2, 14.3, and 14.6 are met; and (b) Additional requirements as given below are compiled with:

i) Flight crew, the Cabin attendants and engineers, mechanics hold current valid and appropriate licenses/certificates issued by the State of Registry;

ii) All the personnel licenses/certificates are validated in accordance with CAA Rules and regulations;

iii) Flight crew recent experience requirements of CAA, are met. iv) Airworthiness requirements for maintenance on leased aircraft are met in

accordance with the of CAA and the State of Registry as agreed with in Transfer agreement;

14.8 WET LEASING OF FOREIGN REGISTERED AIRCRAFT FROM A PERSON

OR A COMPANY

14.8.1 Wet leasing of foreign registered aircraft from a person or company (not in possession of AOC from State of Registry), may be allowed only for those Nepali AOC holders who: (a) Are in possession of their own (not contracted) infrastructure, maintenance

setup, staffing, operational control and approved crew training programme; (b) Fulfill the requirements in Clause 14.2, 14.3, 14.6, 14.7 and any other

condition applied to by CAA. 14.9 WET LEASING OF NEPALESE REGISTERED AIRCRAFT FROM AN AOC

HOLDER

14.9.1 Wet leasing of Nepalese Registered aircraft from an AOC holder may be allowed provided: (a) The lessee is an AOC holder; and (b) The requirements in clause 14.3.1, 14.3.3 and 14.3.5 are met.

14.9.2 Wet Leasing of Nepalese Registered aircraft shall not be allowed unless both,

the lessee and the lessor are the AOC holder. 14.10 DAMP LEASE

Where wet leasing of aircraft is without crew or with partial crew, the lessee shall be responsible to provide licensed/certificated crew and shall meet all the requirements as given in clause 14.2, 14.3, 14.6 and 14.7.


14.11 AIRCRAFT REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS

Within one year of operation, the leased aircraft being utilized for the fleet mentioned in AOC, shall have to be registered in Nepal or CAAN approval for the continuation of Foreign Registration;

14.12 OPERATOR'S OBLIGATIONS

14.12.1 The lessee (Operator) shall ensure:

(a) Not to operate any aircraft, until such time that aircraft is placed in the operation Specification of the AOC issued by the State of Operation;

(b) Compliance with the provisions, applicable to the aircraft and operations, of the Civil Aviation Rules 2058, FOR, NCAR and Directives;

(c) That all flights are operated under the applicable Flight Rules as per Flight Plan Clearance, and procedures/ requirements of the Nepalese Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) are complied with;

(d) Possession of a valid permits, certificates, licenses validated in accordance with the requirements specified in the relevant Nepalese Rules and Regulations;

(e) That the pilot-in-command and other crew members, for safe conduct of flight operations, are aware of their responsibilities for compliance with statutory requirements of CAAN;

(f) Free and uninterrupted access to CAAN Inspectors, in accordance with FOR and the Transfer Agreement, to any premises in the occupation in control of the holder of this Certificate for the purpose of examining the premises and any document, equipment, tool, material or other things of whatsoever nature, relating to the operation of aircraft there-under, kept or used or intended to be used in connection with the operation of the aircraft;

(g) That all In-flight announcements are made in National language in addition to the Operator's requirement;

(h) That all Placards and Safety Cards in cabin area are displayed in National language also;

(i) That the contents of First Aid Kit on board are listed in English language;

(j) That the pilot reported defects as contained in Airworthiness Notice are intimated to the CAAN in English within period as specified;

(k) To notify all incidents/accidents to CAAN;

(l) To maintain a comprehensive insurance policy, within and outside Nepal at the level as specified;

A P P E N D I X 1 M E D F O R M A

C I V I L A V I A T I O N A U T H O R I T Y O F N E P A L A V I A T I O N S A F E T Y D E P A R T M E N T

N E P A L STATEMENT FORM

Full Name : Sex : Male [ ] Nationality : Organization: Female [ ] Occupation : Date of Birth : Marital Status: Type of Licence applied for Initial [ ] ATPL [ ] CPL [ ] PPL [ ] Renewal [ ] F/E [ ] ATC [ ] OTHER [ ] Have you previously been Yes [ ] If yes, where Were you Fit [ ] examined for aviation duties ? No [ ] and when declared Unfit [ ] Has a "Medical Waiver" Yes [ ] ever been issued to you ? No [ ]

MEDICAL HISTORY

Have you ever had or have you now any of the following : (elaborate yes answers under remarks ) Yes No Yes No Frequent and severe headaches Nervous trouble of any kind Dizziness or fainting spells Any drug or narcotic habit Unconsciousness for any reason Excessive drinking habit Eye trouble except glasses Attempted suicide Hay lever Motion sickness requiring drugs Asthma Rejection for life insurance Heart trouble Admission to hospital in the last two years High or low blood pressure Aviation accidents Stomach trouble Other accidents Kidney stone or blood in urine Gynaecological/Obstetrical conditions Sugar or albumen in urine Operation Epilepsy or fits Other illnesses Hearing problem Any illness since last medical Is there any family history of Diabetes : Yes/No Cardiovascular diseasee : Yes/No Tuberculosis : Yes/No Are you in good physical and mental health as far as you know and believe ? Yes/No

REMARKS

I hereby certify that all statements and answers provided by me in this examination form are complete and true to the best of my knowledge ______________ Date :........................... Signature

APP 1-1

M E D F O R M A


N E P A L MEDICAL EXAMINATION FORM

Full Name :...................................................... Date of Birth : ......................... Type of Licence : Initial / Renewal : ATPL / CPL / PPL / FE / ATC :

( PHISYCAL & MENTAL EXAMINATION ) Height : Weight : BMI : Indentifying body marks, scars, tatoos etc. Normal Describe abnormality in detail, use additional

Yes No sheet if necessary & attach to this form Head, face, neck and scalp Lungs and chest (including breasts) Heart (thrust size, rhythm, sounds) Vascular system Abdomen and viscera (including hernia) Anus and rectum (hemorrhoids, fistula, prostate) Endocrine system Genito - urinary system Upper & lower extremities ( strength, range of motion, spine other musculoskeletal )

Skin and lymphaties Neurologic (tendon reflexes, equilibrium, sense, co-ordination)

Psychiatric (specify any personality deviation) Blood pressure : Seated :............... Recumbent : ................. Pulse : Seated :..................

( LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS )

Urinalysis : Sugar : Albumen : Blood analysis : Hb : Sedimentation rate : ECG : Normal [ ] Abnormal [ ] Chest X-ray : Normal [ ] Abnormal [ ] Remarks if any :

Applicant is/is not medically fit for ......................... licence Place of examination ............................................ Date........................................ Aero-Medical Examiner's Signature

APP 1-2

M E D . F O R M A


N E P A L

MEDICAL EXAMINATION FORM

Full Name :...................................................... Date of Birth : .........................

Type of Licence : Initial / Renewal : ATPL / CPL / PPL / FE / ATC

(EAR , NOSE & THROAT EXAMINATION & HEARING) Normal Describe abnormality in detail, use additional

Yes No sheet if necessary & attach to this form Nose Sinuses Mouth and Throat Ears, general (int. & ext. canals) Drums Hearing Whispered Voice Conversational Voice Right ear m ft 2m 6ft Left ear m ft 2m 6ft

Audiometry 500 1000 2000 3000 Right ear dB loss [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Left ear dB loss [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Remarks, if any :

Applicant is/is not medically fit for ......................... licence Place of examination .................................................Date........................................ Aero-Medical Examiner's Signature

( EYE EXAMINAITON, VISION & COLOR PERCEPTION) Normal Describe abnormality in detail, use additional

Yes No sheet if necessary & attach to this form Eyes, general, visual fields Ophthalmoscopic Pupils (equality and reaction) Ocular motility (associated parallel movement, nystagmus )

Distant vision : Uncorrected Corrected Right eye 6/ 6/ Left eye 6/ 6/ Both eye 6/ 6/

Near vision : 30 - 50 cm. ( 12- 20 in. ): N-chart value: 5

Intermediate vision : 100 cm. (40 in.) N-chart value:

Color Vision : Normal ( ) Abnormal ( ) Prescription for correcting lenses (when required) : Remarks if any :

Applicant is/is not medically fit for ......................... licence Place of examination .................................................Date........................................ Aero-Medical Examiner's Signature

APP 1-3

M E D . F O R M A


N E P A L MEDICAL ASSESSMENT FORM

FULL NAME :........................................................... LICENCE NO.: (ATPL / CPL / PPL / FE / ATC) ........... EXPIRY DATE : .........................

PHYSICAL & MENTAL HEALTH

ENT & HEARING EYE, VISION & COLOUR

PERCEPTION

EXAMINER'S NAME

DATE OF MEDICAL EXAMINATION

RESULT FIT / UNFIT

APPLICANTS SIGNATURE

EXAMINER'S SIGNATURE

MEDICAL ASSESSMENT CLASS I / II / III – PASSED / FAILED REMARKS :

DATE : AVIATION MEDICAL CONSULTANT APP 1-4

C I V I L A V I A T I O N A U T H O R I T Y O F N E P A LA V I A T I O N S A F E T Y D E P A R T M E N T

N E P A L

LICENSING REQUIREMENTS FOR MEDICAL ASSESSMENTMEDICAL

ASSESSMENTMEDICAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS LICENCE TYPE VALIDITY OF MEDICAL

CERTIFICATE (MONTHS)CLASS ELECTROCARDIOGRAM CHEST X-RAY AUDIOGRAM

CPL AEROPLANEHELICOPTER

≤ 40 12> 40 06

IINITIAL

30 - 40 EVERY 2 YEARS> 40 ANNUALLY

INITIAL

ANDEVERY 5 YEARS

INITIAL

≤ 40 EVERY 5 YEARS> 40 EVERY 3 YEARS

ATPL AEROPLANEHELICOPTER XX 06

FLIGHT ENGINEER XX 12

II INITIAL> 40 FIRST MEDICAL

XXX XXXPPL AEROPLANE

HELICOPTER≤ 40 24> 40 12

III EVERY 5 YEARS ≤ 40 EVERY 5 YEARS> 40 EVERY 3 YEARS ATC

≤ 40 24> 40 12

N.B.:1. Each medical examination of all Medical Assessment Classes – Urine test for sugar and albumin.2. Initial medical examination of all Medical Assessment Classes - Blood test for TC, DC, Hgb, ESR and Blood Sugar.3. Additional tests at 40 and every 5 years then after in Medical Assessment Class I – Urine routine & microscopic, Blood sugar fasting, Lipid profile, Exercise ECG and

Echocardiogram.4. Additional tests in Hypertension, controlled on acceptable anti-hypertensive drugs in Medical Assessment Class I every two years – Urine route & microscopic, Blood urea,

creatinine & clectrolytes, Lipid profile, Exercise ECG and Echocardiogram5. Additional tests in Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Diabetes mellitus, controlled on diet + acceptable anti-diabetic agent, in each medical examination of Class I Medical

Assessment – Urine routine & microscopic, glucose load test with fasting and 2 hours post glucose, Glycosylated Hgb and Exercise ECG every 2 years.

APP 1-5

APPENDIX-2

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF NEPAL

FLIGHT CREW LICENSE APPLICATION FORM

AVIATION SAFETY DEPARTMENT SINAMANGAL, KATHMANDU.

SUBJECT : LICENSE ISSUANCE..

1. FULL NAME : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 2. LICENSE NUMBER : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 3. PERMANENT ADDRESS : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ………

4. MAILING ADDRESS : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ………

5. TELEPHONE NUMBER : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 6. IDENTIFICATION MARK : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 7. DATE OF BIRTH : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 8. DATE OF LAST MEDICAL : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 9. ISSUE

(A) LICENCE - ATPL / CPL / FE (B) RATING - NIGHT (C) RATING - INSTRUCTOR (D) RATING - INSTRUMENT (E) ……………….… - TYPE RATING (AIRCRAFT TYPE)

APP 2-1

10. (A) TIME RELATED TO LICENSE / ENDORSEMENT FOR ………………

TOTAL AIRCRAFT CROSS NIGHT INSTRUMENT INSTRUCTOR TIME SINGLE

ENGINE TYPE

MULTI ENGINE

TYPE

COUNTRY IF

APPLICABLE

TIME TAKE-OFF LANDING

FLIGHT SIMULATOR FLIGHT TRAINING

DUAL PILOT-IN-COMMAND

CO-PILOT

10. (B) TOTAL TIME TO DATE

TOTAL AIRCRAFT CROSS NIGHT INSTRUMENT INSTRUCTOR TIME SINGLE

ENGINE TYPE

MULTI ENGINE

TYPE

COUNTRY IF

APPLICABLE

TIME TAKE-OFF LANDING

FLIGHT SIMULATOR FLIGHT TRAINING

DUAL PILOT-IN-COMMAND

CO-PILOT

10. I CERTIFY THAT TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE SET FORTH ABOVE IS TRUE. I REQUEST THAT MY LICENSE / ENDORSEMENT BE ISSUED AS MENTIONED IN 9.

DATE : ……… ……… ……… SIGNATURE OF THE APPLICANT :

NOTE :

1. FOR LICENCE TO BE ENDORSED FOR ADDITIONAL PRIVILEGES, MEDICAL CERTIFICATE MUST BE VALID.

2. THE APPLICATION MUST BE ACCOMPANIED BY THE FEE, EXAMINATION RESULTS,

FLIGHT TEST REPORT, LOG BOOKS, LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION ETC. AS APPLICABLE.

3. ANY CHANGES ON ABOVE INFORMATION MUST INFORM CIVIL AVIATION

AUTHORITY OF NEPAL IMMEDIATELY.

APP 2-2

APPENDIX 3


FLIGHT CREW LICENSE RENEWAL APPLICATION FORM

AVIATION SAFETY DEPARTMENT SINAMANGAL, KATHMANDU.

SUBJECT : RENEWAL OF LICENSE/RATING.

1. FULL NAME : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 2. LICENSE NUMBER : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 3. RECENT ADDRESS : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ………

4. TELEPHONE NUMBER OF THE APPLICANT : ……… ……… ……… 5. LICENSE/RATING RENEWAL REQUESTED FOR :

A) TYPE RATING : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… (TYPE(S) OF THE AIRCRAFT TO BE RENEWED)

B) INSTRUMENT RATING : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… C) INSTRUCTOR RATING : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ………

6. LAST MEDICAL DATE : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 7. CURRENT MEDICAL DATE : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… 8. LAST PPC DATE : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… (TYPE(S) OF AIRCRAFT) 9. CURRENT PPC DATE : ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… (TYPE(S) OF AIRCRAFT) 10. ALL DOCUMENTS AS MENTIONED ON THE OVERLEAF OF THE FLYING HOUR

DETAIL FORM, ARE ATTACHED.

DATE : …… ……… ……… SIGNATURE OF THE APPLICANT :

APP 3-1

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF NEPALTOTAL FLYING HOURS FOR ISSUANCE OR RENEWAL OF PILOT’S ATPL/CPL/INSTRUCTOR/INSTRUMENT RATING FOR THE PRECEEDINGSIX/TWELVE MONTHS FROM ………………… TO …………………

NAME OF LICENSE HOLDER : ………………… …………………PILOT LICENCE NUMBER : ………………… VALID UNTIL : …………………

SINGLE ENGINE AIRCRAFT MULTI ENGINE AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT FLYING REMARKSDAY NIGHT DAY NIGHT TOTAL SIMULATED ACTUAL LINK OR

DUAL SOLO DUAL SOLO U/T 2ND

PILOT1ST

PILOTU/T 2ND

PILOT1ST

PILOTSIMULATOR

PREVIOUS TOTALHOURS BROUGHT

FORWARDMONTH TYPE OF A/C

GRAND TOTAL

EXAMINED THE LOG BOOK AND CERTIFIED CORRECT :

Signature of Licence Holder : ……………………….. Date : …………………… SIGNATURE : …………………… DATE : ………………….APP 3-2

APPENDIX 4


DATE : …………

LICENSE DEPOSIT CERTIFICATE

MR. ………………………. ……………………….., THE HOLDER OF ATPL / CPL / FE

LICENSE NO. ……………… ISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AVIATION,

NEPAL HAS DEPOSITED HIS SAID LICENSE FOR RENEWAL / ENDORSEMENT ON

……………… …………….. THIS CERTIFICATE WILL BE VALID TILL ………………

____________________ (SIGNATURE) DESIGNATION

APP 4-1

APPENDIX 5 Operations Manual Structure

(List of Contents)

PPAARRTT AA GGEENNEERRAALL

1. ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL OF OPERATIONS MANUAL 1.1. Introduction 1.2. System of amendment and revision 2. ORGANISATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES 2.1. Organisational structure 2.2. Names of nominated postholders 2.3. Responsibilities and duties of operations management personnel 2.4. Authority, duties and responsibilities of the commander 2.5. Duties and responsibilities of crew members other than the commander 3. OPERATIONAL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION 3.1. Supervision of the operation by the operator 3.2. System of promulgation of additional operational instructions and information 3.3. Accident prevention and flight safety programme 3.4. Operational control 3.5. Powers of Authority 4. QUALITY SYSTEM 4.1 Quality Policy 4.2 Description of the Organization of the Quality System 4.3 Allocation of the duties and responsibilities 5. CREW COMPOSITION

5.1. Crew Composition 5.2. Designation of the commander 5.3. Flight crew incapacitation 5.4. Operation on more than one type 6. QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS 6.1. Description of Licence, qualification / competency, training, checking requirements

etc. 6.2. Flight crew 6.3. Cabin crew 6.4. Training, checking and supervisory personnel 6.5. Other operations personnel

APP 5-1

7. CREW HEALTH PRECAUTIONS

7.1. Crew health precautions

8. FLIGHT TIME LIMITATIONS

8.1. Flight and Duty Time limitations and Rest requirements 8.2. Exceedances of flight and duty time limitations and / or reduction of rest periods 9. OPERATING PROCEDURES

9.1. Flight Preparation Instructions 9.1.1. Minimum Flight Altitudes 9.1.2. Criteria for determining the usability of aerodromes 9.1.3. Methods for the determination of Aerodrome Operating Minima 9.1.4. En-route Operating Minima for VFR flights or VFR portions of a flight 9.1.5. Presentation and Application of Aerodrome and En-Route Operating Minima 9.1.6. Interpretation of meteorological information. 9.1.7. Determination of the quantities of fuel, oil and water methanol carried 9.1.8. Mass and Centre of Gravity 9.1.9. ATS Flight Plan 9.1.10. Operational Flight Plan 9.1.11. Operator's Aeroplane Technical Log 9.1.12. List of documents, forms and additional information to be carried

9.2. Ground Handling Instructions 9.2.1. Fuelling procedures 9.2.2. Aeroplane, passengers and cargo handling procedures related to safety 9.2.3. Procedures for the refusal of embarkation 9.2.4. De-icing and Anti-icing on the Ground

9.3. Flight Procedures 9.3.1. VFR/IFR policy 9.3.2. Navigation Procedures 9.3.3. Altimeter setting procedures 9.3.4. Altitude alerting system procedures 9.3.5. Ground Proximity Warning System procedures 9.3.6. Policy and procedures for the use of TCAS/ACAS 9.3.7. Policy and procedures for in-flight fuel management. 9.3.8. Adverse and potentially hazardous atmospheric conditions 9.3.9. Wake Turbulence 9.3.10. Crew members at their stations 9.3.11. Use of safety belts for crew and passengers 9.3.12. Admission to Flight Deck 9.3.13. Use of vacant crew seats 9.3.14. Incapacitation of crew members 9.3.15. Cabin Safety Requirements 9.3.16. Passenger briefing procedures 9.3.17. Procedures for aeroplanes operated whenever required cosmic or solar

radiation detection equipment is carried APP 5-2

9.4. All Weather Operations 9.5. ETOPS

9.6. Use of the Minimum Equipment and Configuration Deviation List(s)

9.7. Non revenue flights

9.8. Oxygen Requirements

10. DANGEROUS GOODS AND WEAPONS 11. SECURITY

12. HANDLING OF ACCIDENT AND OCCURRENCES

13. RULES OF THE AIR

PPAARRTT BB AAIIRRCCRRAAFFTT OOPPEERRAATTIINNGG MMAATTTTEERRSS TTYYPPEE RREELLAATTEEDD

1. GENERAL INFORMATION AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 2. LIMITATIONS 3. NORMAL PROCEDURES 4. ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 5. PERFORMANCE

5.1. Performance data 5.2. Additional performance data 6. FLIGHT PLANNING

7. MASS AND BALANCE

8. LOADING

9. CONFIGURATION DEVIATION LIST 10. MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST 11. SURVIVAL AND EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT INCLUDING OXYGEN

APP 5-3

12. EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES

12.1. Instructions for preparation for emergency evacuation 12.2. Emergency evacuation procedures

13. AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

PART C ROUTE AND AERODROME INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

PART D TRAINING 1. TRAINING SYLLABI AND CHECKING PROGRAMMES – GENERAL 2. TRAINING SYLLABI AND CHECKING 2.1. Flight Crew 2.2. Cabin Crew 2.3. Operations Personnel including Crew Members 2.4. Operations Personnel other than Crew Members

3. PROCEDURES 3.1. Procedures for training and checking 3.2. Procedures to be applied in the event that personnel do not achieve or maintain

required standards 3.3. Procedures to ensure that abnormal or emergency situations are not simulated

during commercial air transportation flights

4. DOCUMENTATION AND STORAGE

APP 5-4

APPENDIX 6

PILOT PROFICIENCY CHECK (HELICOPTER)

1. A pilot proficiency check shall be conducted in such a manner that the pilot satisfactorily demonstrates his knowledge, skill and judgment relative to :

a) the rotorcraft, its systems and components; and

b) proper control of airspeed, configuration, direction, altitude and attitude of the

rotorcraft in accordance with the procedures and limitations contained in the applicable approved aircraft flight manual, check list and other approved material applicable to the type of rotorcraft.

2. Each phase of a pilot proficiency check set out in an item of column I of the following

table shall be performed in accordance with the procedures set out in column III of the table for the proficiency check item set out in column II of the table.

3. When performing any of the procedures enumerated in column II of the table, a pilot

shall demonstrate judgment commensurate with a high level of safety and, in determining whether the pilot has shown such judgment, the check pilot shall consider

a) the pilot's adherence to approved procedures;

b) the pilot's action in situations requiring a decision based on his analysis where

there is no prescribed or recommended practice; and

c) the pilot's qualities or airmanship in selecting a course of action.

APP 6-1

Column I Phase

Column II Proficiency Check Items

Column III Procedures

A. Pre-flight

1. Pilot's knowledge of equipment examination

a. the completion of a practical oral equipment examination meeting the requirements of paragraph (b).

b. an equipment examination shall be closely

coordinated and related to the flight procedures portion of the proficiency check and shall cover.

i) subjects requiring a practical knowledge of

the rotorcraft, its power-plants, systems, components and its operational and performance factors,

ii) normal, abnormal and emergency

procedures and the operations and limitations relating thereto, and

iii) the appropriate provisions of the approved

aircraft flight manual.

2. Rotorcraft inspection a. the pre-flight inspection shall include i) a visual inspection of the exterior and the

interior of the rotorcraft, and ii) the use of the pre-start check list,

appropriate control system checks, starting procedures, checks of all radio and electronic equipment and the selection of the proper navigation and communications radio facilities and frequencies prior to flight; and

b) during the pre-flight inspection the pilot

must explain briefly the purpose of each item.

3. Powerplant checks Powerplant checks as appropriate to the

rotorcraft type .

APP 6-2

4. Taxiing This maneuver where applicable to the rotorcraft type and configuration includes taxiing (in the case of a second-in-command proficiency check to the extent practical from the second-in-command station) in compliance with instructions issued by the appropriate traffic control authority or by the check pilot.

B. Stationary Flight

1. Normal lift-off to a hover in ground effect

a. lift-off to a hover with rotorcraft heading into wind;

b. hover maneuvers with rotorcraft heading

crosswind and downwind; c. square pattern maneuvering with rotorcraft

maintaining constant heading; and d. precision 360° turns over a fixed point on

the surface.

C. Forward Flight

1. Transition from a hover a. transition to forward flight and normal climb to 1,500 feet above ground level.

b. transition to forward flight and emergency

rapid deceleration at constant altitude to abort intended departure.

2. Turns at least one turn in each direction through

180° change of heading using a bank angle of not less than 30°.

3. Flight characteristics

(required only on the initial proficiency check on each rotorcraft type)

recovery procedures from specific flight altitudes or characteristics that are peculiar to the rotorcraft type.

4. Engine failure Simulated engine failure in flight, at a safe altitude, with subsequent precautionary or autorotational approach.

APP 6-3

D. Approaches

1. Normal at least one normal approach and landing.

2. Steep approach at least one steep approach to a predetermined landing point over simulated high approach obstructions.

3. Out-of-wind approach to the hover and, where practicable under the existing flight conditions, and out-of-wind landing.

4. Autorotational approaches and landing

simulated power-off autorotational approaches to predetermined points with 90°, 180° and 360° approach paths.

NOTE : Approach with engine failure for

approaches and landings simulated one engine inoperative in multiengine helicopters, autorotation in single engine helicopter.

5. Governor Failure At least one SIM Governor Failure.

E. Emergency Procedures

Pilot's knowledge of emergency procedures appropriate to the rotorcraft type

a pilot shall demonstrate as many of the emergency procedures outlined in the appropriate Aircraft Flight Manual and as many of the emergency procedures for the following situations as are, in the opinion of the check pilot, necessary to determine that the pilot has adequate knowledge and ability to perform such procedures :

i. fire in flight, ii smoke control, iii. anti-torque rotor malfunction, iv. settling with power v. hydraulic and electrical systems failure and

malfunctions, vi. landing gear systems failure and

malfunctions; and vii. failure of communication or navigation

equipment.

APP 6-4

SSYYLLLLAABBUUSS FFOORR CCPPLL EEXXAAMMIINNAATTIIOONN AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX 77

I. AIRCRAFT AND ENGINES

1. Airframe and Systems 1.1 Types and construction of airframes. 1.2 Aerofoils. 1.3 Control surfaces, types and uses. 1.4 Flight controls, types and uses. 1.5 Principle of operation and construction of piston and turbine engines. 1.6 Basic Lubrication, hydraulic electrical and fuel system of general aircraft. 1.7 Operational procedures and limitations of power plants. 1.8 Principle of operation of movable aerofoils.

2. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS i. The Rotor and Associated aerodynamics terminology

ii. The Basic Aerodynamics Forces on an Aerofoil, Loads and Load factors iii. The effects of RRPM, Thrust and Blade pitch angle iv. Helicopter controls, Hovering Operations - Normal/Tail wind/Crosswind v. Rotor Blades feedom of movement, Engine Starting & Fotor Engagement

vi. Phase lag and advance angle vii. Vertical flight

viii. Ground Effect ix. Recirculation x. Ground resonance

xi. Recovery actions of ground resonance xii. Dynamic rollover and recovery actions

xiii. Forces in Balance Flight xiv. Translational Lift, Dysymmetry of lift xv. Power Requirement

xvi. Limited Power Operation xvii. Over Pitching

xviii. Aerodynamic of Forward Flight xix. Factors Affecting Maximum Forward Speed xx. Aerodynamics of Forward Flight - Tail Rotor

xxi. Transition from Forward Flight to Hover xxii. Vortex Ring

xxiii. Stage of Vortex Ring xxiv. Symptoms or Vortex ring and its recovery xxv. Blade sailing

xxvi. Autorotation xxvii. Distribution of forces and Air flow

xxviii. Factors affecting Autorotation xxix. Effect of Flare in Autorotation xxx. range and Endurance Flying

xxxi. Rotor and Engine Efficiency xxxii. Stability

xxxiii. Helicopter stability xxxiv. Slope landing, take-off xxxv. Rapid deceleration APP 7-1

3. Aircraft Performance

3.1 Aircraft performance, definition and practical use. 3.2 Factors affecting aircraft performance. 3.3 Use of various performance charts. 3.4 Weight and balance- computation and practical uses. 3.5 Factors affecting C of G. 3.6 Computation of landing distance, take-off distance, climb and descent using

performance charts. 3.7 Limitation of aircraft operation. 4. Flight Planning

4.1 Preparation of a flight plan. 4.2 Computation of fuel plan. 4.3 Computation of headings, ground-speeds, time enroute (EET), true airspeed,,

wind velocities. 4.4 Selection of routes (IFR/VFR). 4.5 Necessity of obtaining weather briefing. 4.6 Alternate course. 4.7 Chart plotting. 4.8 Checking of AIP, NOTAMS. 4.9 Radio planning practice. 4.10 Interpretation of aerodrome chart. 5. Aircraft Instruments

5.1 Basic flight instruments, principle of operation and practical uses. 5.2 Basic navigation instruments for VFR flights, principle of operation and

practical uses. 5.3 Basic engine instruments, principle of operation and practical uses. 5.4 Pictorial interpretation of the cockpit instruments. 5.5 Gyroscopic and pressure instruments.

II. AIR NAVIGATION 1. Basic Navigation

1.1 The earth. 1.2 Great circles, small circles, rhumblines. 1.3 Latitudes, longitudes, and its uses in air navigation. 1.4 Directions - compass, true and magnetic, definitions, their interrelationship and uses. 1.5 Magnetic compass - Principle of operation and limitations.

APP 7-2

2. Charts

2.1 General properties of various types of projections. 2.2 Representation of meridians, parallels great circles and rhumbline. 2.3 Use of aeronautical charts. 3. Dead Reckoning

3.1 Fundamentals of dead-reckoning. 3.2 Practical application of track, heading, wind, speeds (airspeed, groundspeed). 3.3 Computation of EET, ETA, groundspeeds, airspeeds. 3.4 Computation of drift, wind correction angle. 3.5 Determining DR, position fix. 4. Navigational Computer

4.1 Practical application of navigational computer. 4.2 Computation of various speeds, time enroute (EET, ETA), distances, headings,

wind, fuel consumption etc. 4.3 Triangle of velocities, its practical use in air navigation. 5. In-Flight Navigation

5.1 Navigation during climb and descent regime of flight. 5.2 Navigation in cruise flying. 5.3 Use of fixes to revise navigation data e.g. speed, track, wind, EET and ETA and

others etc. 5.4 Computation of speed, distance, time, fuel etc associated with climb descent and

cruise phase of flight.

III. METEOROLOGY 1. The Atmosphere and Physical Process

1.1 Composition, extent and vertical division. 1.2 Pressure, density and temperature. 1.3 Variation of pressure, density and temperature and their effects on the weather. 1.4 Adiabatic processes, dry air, evaporation, condensation, latent heat, saturated and

unsaturated air, inversions and their influences on the weather. 1.5 Stability, instability of air and weather associated to it. 1.6 Lapse rate, vertical distribution of temperature and density.

APP 7-3

2. Humidity and Precipitation

2.1 Humidity in atmosphere and its effect on density. 2.2 Humidity variation and weather associated with it. 2.3 Condensation, precipitation, sublimation and freezing in atmosphere. 2.4 Precipitation, its characteristics and development. 3. Clouds

3.1 Types and classification of clouds. 3.2 Principle of formation of clouds and its modifications. 3.3 Flying characteristics in different types of clouds. 3.4 Cooling by advection, radiation and adiabatic expansion. 3.5 Characteristics of all clouds. 3.6 Hazards to flying by various clouds. 4. Motion of Atmosphere

4.1 Relationship between isobars and wind. 4.2 Fundamental cause of wind, pressure gradient, coriolis force, geotropic and

cyclostrophic winds. 4.3 Convergence and divergence effects. 4.4 Local winds (Font, anabatic, catabatic winds, land and sea breezes and others). 4.5 Variation of wind with height. 4.6 Thermal component of wind. 4.7 Origin of jet streams and standing waves. 4.8 Mountain waves. 4.9 Wind shear. 5. Surface Weather

5.1 Formation of fog, mist, haze. 5.2 Effect on weather by haze, fog and mist. 5.3 Effect on visibility due to fog, mist, haze, blowing sand, snow or dust etc. 5.4 Types of fog and source of their origin. 6. Air Masses

6.1 Description, factors affecting the properties of an airmass. 6.2 Classification of airmasses, modification due to various factors and their area of

origin. 6.3 Fronts. 6.4 Warm, cold, occuleded, Stationary fronts, associated clouds and weather. 6.5 Frontal depressions, non frontal depressions and associated weather. 6.6 Electricity in atmosphere. 6.7 Movement of fronts. 6.8 Turbulence, thunderstorm, squall lines.

APP 7-4

7. Weather Observation

7.1 Weather charts. 7.2 Ground observation. 7.3 Pilot observation. 7.4 Significant of weather charts. 7.5 Weather forecast.

IV. HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATION

1. Altitude Flying 1.1 Respiration and blood circulation. 1.2 Hypoxia, definition, causes, symptoms and remedy. 1.3 Time of useful consciousness. 1.4 Definition, causes of hyperventilation. 1.5 Symptoms and remedy of hyperventilation. 1.6 Blood pressure. 1.7 The gas Laws. 1.8 Rapid decompression, effects and counter measures. 1.9 Entrapped gases. 2. Human Information Processing 2.1 Central and peripheral nervous system. 2.2 Mechanism of perception, constancies, selective perception. 2.3 Reflexes and bilogical control systems. 2.4 Functional anatomy of eye. 2.5 Physiology of visual system. 2.6 Night vision. 2.7 Functional anatomy of ear. 2.8 Hearing loss (perceptive, conductive). 2.9 Detection of rotary and linear acceleration. 2.10 Motion sickness.

3. Integration of Sensory Inputs 3.1 Basic concepts and definition. 3.2 Categories of disorientation. 3.3 Vertigo, coriolis effect, pressure vertigo, flicker vertigo. 3.4 Visual illusions. 3.5 Prevention and handling of disorientation. 3.6 Effects of stress and time of day.

4. Human Behaviour 4.1 General personality and characteristics. 4.2 Individual differences in personality. 4.3 Attitude development. 4.4 Behaviour and skills. 4.5 Learning, motivation and performance. 4.6 Types of human error, prevention and counter measures. 4.7 Crew coordination. 4.8 Optimizing of crew performance in flight.

APP 7-5

4.9 Effects of different communication styles. 4.10 Pilot judgement concepts. 4.11 Identification of hazardous attitudes. 4.12 Cockpit stress management and safety awareness. 5. Flying and Health

5.1 Causes and symptoms of incapacitation. 5.2 Side effects of drug and medication. 5.3 Procedures for dealing with incapacitation. 5.4 Various toxic materials, alcohol, smoking. 5.5 Effects of disturbances and treatment. 5.6 Causes, types, symptoms, prevention and treatment of fatigue. 5.7 Effects of anxiety and defence mechanism. 5.8 Common minor ailments. 5.9 Tropical climates.

V. OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES AND RULES OF THE AIR 1. General

1.1 Definitions as per ICAO Annex 6. 1.2 Flight opeations. 1.2.1 Aerodrome operating minima. 1.2.2 Minimum flight altitudes. 1.2.3 Requirement for alternate aerodrome. 1.2.4 Oxygen requirements. 1.3 Duties and responsibility of Pilot-In-Command and First Officers. 1.4 Equipments required for aircraft on all flights. 1.5 Fuel and oil requirements. 1.6 Fitness of flight crew members. 2. Carriage of Freights and Dangerous Goods

2.1 Definitions as per ICAO Annex-18. 2.2 Carriage of freight in passenger cabin with passengers on board. 2.3 Proper loading and stowing of freight. 2.4 Weight and balance reports. 2.5 Classification of dangerous goods. 2.6 Packing, labelling and markings of freight and dangerous goods. 2.7 Procedures to be followed for transportation of dangerous goods. 2.8 Identification of dangerous and non dangerous goods. 2.9 Responsibility of Pilot-In-Command.

APP 7-6

3. Flight Safety

3.1 Safety briefing to passengers 3.2 Safety procedures to be followed during embarkation and disembarkation of

passengers. 3.3 Handling of passengers during emergency situations. 3.4 Hazards to flight safety due to cabin pressurization failure. 3.5 Flight crew at their duty station. 3.6 Use of seatbelts, harnesses and their significances. 3.7 Wake turbulence hazard to flight safety. 3.8 Unauthorized operations 3.9 Notification to ATS authority of any incident and or accident. 4. Rules and Regulations for CPL Holders

4.1 National legislation. 4.2 Necessity to hold Nepalese CPL. 4.3 Requirements to issue CPL. 4.4 Privileges for CPL holder pilots. 4.5 Limitations for CPL holders. 4.6 Responsibility. 4.7 Logging of flight time. 4.8 Maintaining the currency of License. 4.9 Renewal process. 5. Rules of The Air

5.1 Difinitions as per ICAO Annex 2 and 11. 5.2 Classification and types of aircraft. 5.3 Right of way. 5.4 Lights to be displayed by aircraft. 5.5 Requirements to submit flight plan. 5.6 Altimeter setting procedures. 5.7 Instrument flight rules. 5.8 Visual flight rules. 5.9 Air Traffic Control clearances and any changes to it. 5.10 Unlawful interferences. 5.11 Communication failure procedures. 5.12 Visual, light signals to aircraft.

APP 7-7

VI. INSTRUMENT FLYING PROCEDURES 1. Basic Instrument Environment

1.1 Fundamentals of instrument flying. 1.2 Pitch instrument. 1.3 Yaw instrument. 1.4 Roll instrument. 1.5 Power instrument. 1.6 Primary and supporting instruments. 1.7 Cross checking of instruments. 1.8 Gyroscopic, and pitot-static instruments. 1.9 Causes and prevention of disorientation. 2. Attitude Flying

2.1 Flying with reference to instruments. 2.2 Recognition of deviation from required flying attitudes. 2.3 Establishing coordinated turns, climbs & descents at various speeds, power

settings. 2.4 Definitions of standard rate of turn, V-speed and others associated with

instrument flying. 2.5 Relation between speed, power and attitude of aircraft. 2.6 Maintaining constant attitude. 2.7 Change of attitude. 2.8 Pictorial interpretations.

3. Navigation

3.1 Orientation to radio navigational aids. 3.2 Bearings. 3.3 Interception, tracking of bearings. 3.4 Way points. 3.5 Minimum IFR altitudes. 3.6 Alternate course of action. 3.7 RADAR and non-RADAR environment. 3.8 Pictorial Interpretation. 4. IFR Charts

4.1 Basic concept of charts. 4.2 Aerodrome charts. 4.3 Departure charts. 4.4 Enroute navigation charts. 4.5 Approach charts. 4.6 Identification of initial, intermediate and final approach fixes. 4.7 Deriving informations from charts. 4.8 Determination of MRA, MOCA, MSA, MEA from the charts

APP 7-8

5. Standard Instrument Departures/Arrivals

5.1 Use of radio navigational aids. 5.2 Operating minima. 5.3 Clearance limits. 5.4 Runway lights and markings. 5.5 Taxiway lights and markings. 5.6 Threshold lights and markings. 5.7 Touch down zone light and markings. 5.8 Approach lights. 5.9 Aerodrome beacon. 5.10 RVR 5.11 Computation of speeds versus heights. 5.12 Decision heights, minimum descent altitudes. 5.13 Approach fixes. 5.14 Holding patterns and entry procedures and speeds to be maintained while

holding. 5.15 Procedures to be followed to make SIA and SIDs. 6. Emergency Procedures

6.1 Emergency reference data. 6.2 Emergency communication procedures. 6.3 Deviations from flight plan. 6.4 Lost procedures. 6.5 Choice of alternate. 6.6 Communication failure procedures. 6.7 Partial panel flights. 6.8 Power plant failures. 6.9 Vision adaptation. 6.10 Unusual attitudes.

VII. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION 1. Fundamental

1.1 Basic radio theory. 1.2 Waves, and wave transmission. 1.3 Radio waves. 1.4 Characteristics of radio wave propogation. 1.5 Frequency, frequency bands. 1.6 Current. 1.7 Reception, transmission of radio waves/signals and disturbances to it. 1.8 Types of radio aids to navigation.

APP 7-9

2. VOR

2.1 Principle of operation. 2.2 Bearings (Radial). 2.3 To, From indication and uses. 2.4 Position of aircraft in relation to radial. 2.5 Components of VOR receiver, functions and uses. 2.6 Accuracy. 2.7 Limitations. 2.8 Errors. 2.9 Pictorial interpretation. 2.10 Tests. 3. DME

3.1 Principle of operation. 3.2 DME arcs and indication. 3.3 DME distances. 3.5 Difference between DME distance and actual distance. 3.6 Components of DME receiver. 3.7 Pictorial interpretation. 3.8 Frequency band. 3.9 Accuracy. 3.10 Limitations. 3.11 Errors. 3.12 Test of DME receiver. 4. NDB

4.1 Principle of operation. 4.2 Bearings, QDM, QDR 4.3 Position of aircraft in relation to bearing. 4.4 Components of ADF receiver. 4.5 Differences between ADF & VOR. 4.6 Fixed card and rotable card type indicators. 4.7 Pictorial interpretation. 4.8 Limitations. 4.9 Errors. 4.10 Accuracy. 4.11 Frequency band.

APP 7-10

5. ILS

5.1 Ground facilities involved. 5.2 ILS identification. 5.3 ILS and VOR differences. 5.4 Sources of azimuth informations and utilization. 5.5 Sources of range informations and utilization. 5.6 Sources of height information and utilization. 5.7 Runway environment indicating systems. 5.8 Back course and front course approaches. 5.9 Approaches with one or more ILS components unserviceable. 5.10 Limitations. 5.11 Errors. 5.12 Accuracy. 5.13 Frequency bands. 5.14 Pictorial interpretation.

6. RADAR

6.1 Concept of RADAR. 6.2 Principle of operation of RADAR. 6.3 Types of RADAR. 6.4 Uses of RADAR in navigation. 6.5 Uses of RADAR in approaches. 6.6 Frequency band. 6.7 Limitations. 6.8 Accuracy.

7. INS, GPS

8.1 Fundamental principle of operation 8.2 Uses in air navigation. 8.3 Uses in approaches. 8.4 Sources of information.

APP 7-11

APPENDIX 8

SYLLABUS FOR ATPL EXAMINATION

The examination requirement for Airline Transport Pilot License is that an applicant has to be the holder of an Airline Transport Pilot License with Multi-engine Rating issued by a contracting state, and has a certificate of successful completion of an ALTP ground course from a school approved by DGCA, Nepal. The minimum pass mark is 70% and the duration of the examination is 2:00 hours. There will be no minus system for the wrong answer selected by the examinee. All questions will be of multiple choices. A candidate who fails the examination may not be re-examined until one month has elapsed since he was examined and a recommendation be submitted that he has undergone remedial instructions as required. A candidate detected using dishonest method during the examination will be declared unsuccessful for that particular examination..

Airline Transport Pilot License The applicant will be examined on the following subjects : A) Aerodynamics. B) Aircraft general knowledge. C) Meteorology. D) Navigation. E) Operational procedures. F) Flight performance and planning. G) Human factors. H) Nepalese Civil Aviation Regulation, Civil Aviation Act, Airworthiness

Requirements & Flight Operation Requirements (FOR).

APP 8-1

A) HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS

i. The Rotor and Associated aerodynamics terminology ii. The Basic Aerodynamics Forces on an Aerofoil

iii. The effects of RRPM, Thrust and Blade pitch angle iv. Helicopter controls v. Rotor Blades feedom of movement

vi. Phase lag and advance angle vii. Vertical flight

viii. Ground Effect ix. Recirculation x. Ground resonance

xi. Recovery actions of ground resonance xii. Dynamic rollover and recovery actions

xiii. Forces in Balance Flight xiv. Translational Lift, Dysymmetry of lift, load factor xv. Power Requirement

xvi. Limited Power Operation xvii. Over Pitching

xviii. Aerodynamic of Forward Flight xix. Factors Affecting Maximum Forward Speed xx. Aerodynamics of Forward Flight - Tail Rotor

xxi. Transition from Forward Flight to Hover xxii. Vortex Ring

xxiii. Stage of Vortex Ring xxiv. Symptoms or Vortex ring and its recovery xxv. Blade sailing

xxvi. Autorotations in different stages xxvii. Distribution of forces and Air flow

xxviii. Factors affecting Autorotation xxix. Effect of Flare in Autorotation xxx. Range and Endurance Flying

xxxi. Rotor and Engine Efficiency xxxii. Stability

xxxiii. Helicopter stability xxxiv. Slope landing, take-off xxxv. Rapid deceleration

xxxvi. Abnormal vibrations xxxvii. High Altitude Operations

xxxviii. Confined Area & Pinnacle operation xxxix. Mountain flying, Downdraft and recovery actions

B) Aircraft general knowledge.

1. General description of appropriate aircraft. 2. Characteristics and limitations of electrical, hydraulic, flight controls, pneumatic and

fuel system of appropriate aircraft.

APP 8-2

3. Principles of operation, handling procedures and operating limitations of power plants (power plant includes engine, propeller, oil system).

4. Operating procedures and limitations of appropriate airplane. 5. Compasses, gyroscopic instruments, pitot-static instruments, their functions,

errors and operational limitations. 6. Practices and procedures in the event of malfunction of various flight

instruments. C) Meteorology.

1. Causes, recognition and effects of icing on aircraft. 2. Causes, identification of frontal zone, and expected weather at the front. 3. Identification and avoidance of hazardous weather. 4. Different types of clouds, their formation and effect on aircraft flying. 5. Procedures to be followed when encountered embedded thunderstorm. D) Navigation.

1. Identification, reliability and accuracy of radio navigation aids. 2. Determining the entry procedures in holding pattern. 3. Use, interpretation of the charts (SID, approach, enroute). 4. Determining the position, time to the station using the available radio navigation

aid(s). 5. Use of different radio navigation aids. E) Operational procedures.

1. Interpretation and use of aeronautical publication (AIPs, NOTAMs etc). 2. Precautionary and emergency procedures, safety practices associated with IFR

flights. 3. Operational procedures for carriage of freight and dangerous goods. 4. Precautionary and safety measures to be taken during embarkation and

disembarkation from aircraft. 5. Requirement and practices for safety briefing to the passengers. F) Flight performance and planning.

1. Calculation of mass (weight) and balance. 2. Preparation and filing of ATS flight plan. 3. Air Traffic Services procedures to be followed in controlled and uncontrolled

airspaces/aerodromes. 4. Altimeter setting procedures. 5. Communication failure procedure, for VFR and IFR flights.

APP 8-3

G) Human factors.

1. Causes, identification and rectification of spatial disorientation. 2. Use of supplemental oxygen on high altitude flights. 3. Causes, identification and corrective measures for hypoxia, hyperventilation. 4. Disorientation caused due to runway configuration (upslope and downslope

runways, narrower and wider runways) and corrective steps. 5. Effects of change of atmospheric pressure on human body. 6. Vision in night flying. 7. Effects of alcohol, smoking etc. H) Nepalese Civil Aviation Regulation, Civil Aviation Act, Airworthiness

Requirements & Flight Operation Requirements (FOR).

1. Nepalese Civil Aviation Act, 2015. As published by HMG/Nepal. 2. Nepalese Civil Aviation Regulation. As published by CAAN. 3. Airworthiness Requirements. As published by CAAN. 4. Flight Operation Requirements. As published by CAAN.

APP 8-4

APPENDIX 9

SYLLABUS FOR FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER EXAMINATION 1. Air Law

1.1 rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a flight operations officer licence, appropriate air traffic services practices and procedures;

1.2 principles of operation of aeroplane powerplants, systems and instruments; 1.3 operating limitations of aeroplanes and powerplants; 1.4 minimum equipment list;

2. Flight Performance Calculation and Planning Procedures

2 1 effects of loading and mass distribution on aircraft performance and flight characteristics; mass and balance calculations;

2.2 operational flight planning; fuel consumption and endurance calculations. alternate airport selection procedures; en-route cruise control; extended range operation;

2.3 preparation and filing of air traffic services flight plans; 2.4 basic principles of computer-assisted planning systems.

3. Meteorology

3 I aeronautical meteorology; the movement of pressure systems; the structure of fronts, and the origin and characteristics of significant weather phenomena which affect take-off, en-route and landing conditions;

3.2 interpretation and application of aeronautical meteorological reports, charts and forecasts, codes and abbreviations; use of, and procedures for obtaining, meteorological information;

4. Navigation

4.1 principles of air navigation with particular reference to instrument flight.

5. Operational Procedures

1.1 use of aeronautical documentation; 1.2 operational procedures for the carriage of freight and dangerous goods; 1.3 procedures relating to aircraft accidents and incidents; emergency flight

procedures; 1.4 procedures relating to unlawful interference and sabotage of aircraft;

APP 9-1

2. Principles of Flight

5.1 principles of flight relating to the appropriate category of aircraft; and 3. Radio Communication

7.1 procedures for communicating with aircraft and relevant ground stations.

8. Skill

The applicant shall have demonstrated the ability to

8.1 make an accurate and operationally acceptable weather analysis from a series of daily weather maps and weather reports; provide an operationally valid briefing on weather conditions prevailing in the general neighborhood of a specific air route; forecast weather trends pertinent to air transportation with particular reference to destination and alternates;

8.2 determine the optimum flight path for a given segment, and create accurate

manual and/or computer generated flight plans; and

8.3 provide operating supervision and all other assistance to a flight in actual or simulated adverse weather conditions, as appropriate to the duties of the holder of a Flight Operations Officer licence.

APP 9-2

APPENDIX 10

SYLLABUS FOR BASIC FLIGHT ENGINEER LICENCE EXAMINATION (HELICOPTER)

1) Aerodynamic 1.1. Pressure, density and temperature of atmosphere 1.2. Aerofoils, lift, drag and thrust of rotors 1.3. Blade flapping, feather and dragging 1.4. Collective and cyclic pitch control 1.5. Weight & balance, center of gravity and its range 1.6. Various condition of flight and forces acting on it 1.7. Ground effect, hover, climbs, auto-rotation, vortex ring, ground resonance 2) Helicopter Construction & Design 2.1. Types of fuselage condition 2.2. Loads and stresses on rotors and tail structure 2.3. Helicopter controls 2.4. Rotors. Types of blades and hubs. Tail rotor 2.5. Transmission, gearboxes 3) Helicopter Systems

3.1. Basic lubrication of helicopter 3.2. Hydraulic System : Principles, functions, functional test, leak testing and visual

inspection 3.3. Pneumatic System : Principles, compressor & regulators, function, visual inspection 3.4. Ice Protection System : Ice detection and removal methods 3.5. Fire Protection Systems : fire detection and extinguishing in helicopter

4) Engines 4.1. Types of engines 4.2. Gas Turbine Engines : compressor, turbine 4.3. Engine oil System 4.4. Fuel System 5) Helicopter Performance 5.1. Factors affecting helicopter performance 5.2. Use of Various performance chart 5.3. Limitations of helicopter operations

APP 10-1

6) Helicopter Instruments 6.1. Basic flight instruments, principle of operation and practical uses 6.2. Basic navigation instruments, principle of operation and practical uses 6.3. Basic engine and transmisssion instruments, principle of operation and practical uses 6.4. Practical uses, Autopilot check 7) Helicopter Electrical System 7.1. Helicopter batteries : Testing of lead-acid batteries and Nickel-cadmium batteries 7.2. D.C.Power Supply : Helicopter generators and power testing 7.3. A.C. Power Supply : Helicopter alternators and power testing 8) Operational Procedures 8.1. Minimum flight altitudes 8.2. Requirement for alternate aerodrome 8.3. Oxygen requirements 8.4. Duties and responsibility of flight enginner 8.5. Fitness of flight crew members 9) Emergency procedures 9.1. Reporting of incidents and accidents 9.2. Engine failure 9.3. Failure in electrical systems 9.4. Instrument failure 9.5. Transmission failure

APP 10-2

APPENDIX 11

SYLLABUS FOR ORAL EXAMINATION OF INSTRUCTOR PILOT 1. Civil Aviation Act 2015 2. Civil Aviation Rules 2058 3. Nepalese Civil Airworthiness Regulations (NCAR)

- Chapters E1, E4, E6, C9

4. Flight Operations Requirements (FOR) - Chapter 1, 2, 4, 6, 10

APP 11-1

APP 12 1

APPENDIX 12

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATIONS OF HELICOPTERS IN PERFORMANCE CLASS 3 IN INSTRUMENT

METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (IMC)

Airworthiness and operations requirements provided in accordance with Chapter 5, 5.5.1 c), shall satisfy the following:

1. Engine reliability

1.1 Attaining and maintaining approval for engines used by helicopters operating in performance Class 3 in IMC: 1.1.1 In order to attain initial approval for existing in-service engine types,

reliability shall be shown to have a nominal power loss rate of less than 1 per 100 000 engine hours based on a risk management process.

Note.— Power loss in this context is defined as any significant loss of power, the cause of which may be traced to engine or engine component, design, maintenance or installation, including design or installation of the fuel ancillary or engine control systems.

1.1.2 In order to attain initial approval for new engine types, the State of Design shall assess engine models for acceptance for operations in performance Class 3 in IMC on a case-by-case basis.

1.1.3 In order to maintain approval, the State of Design shall, through the continuing airworthiness process, ensure that engine reliability remains consistent with the intent of the Standard contained in 1.1.1.

1.2 The operator shall be responsible for a programme for ongoing engine trend monitoring.

1.3 To minimize the probability of in-flight engine failure, the engine shall be equipped with:

a) for turbine engines: a re-ignition system that activates automatically or a manually selectable continuous ignition system unless the engine certification has determined that such a system is not required, taking into consideration the likely environmental conditions in which the engine is to be operated;

b) a magnetic particle detection, or equivalent, system that monitors the engine, accessories gearbox, and reduction gearbox, and which includes a flight deck caution indication; and

c) a means that would permit continuing operation of the engine through a sufficient power range to safely complete the flight in the event of any reasonably probable failure of the fuel control unit.

APP 12 2

2. Systems and equipment

Helicopters operating in performance Class 3 in IMC shall be equipped with the following systems and equipment intended to ensure continued safe flight or to assist in achieving a safe forced landing after an engine failure, under all allowable operating conditions:

a) either two separate electrical generating systems, each one capable of supplying all probable combinations of continuous in-flight electrical loads for instruments, equipment and systems required in IMC; or a primary electrical source and a standby battery or other alternate source of electric power that is capable of supplying 150 per cent of electrical loads of all required instruments and equipment necessary for safe emergency operations of the helicopter for at least one hour; and

b) an emergency electrical supply system of sufficient capacity and endurance, following loss of all normally generated power to, as a minimum:

Note.— If a battery is used to satisfy the requirement for a second power source (see 2 a) above), an additional electrical power supply may not be required.

1) maintain the operation of all essential flight instruments, communication and navigation systems during a descent from the maximum certificated altitude in an autorotational configuration to the completion of a landing;

2) maintain the operation of the stabilization system, if applicable;

3) lower the landing gear, if applicable;

4) where required, provide power to one pitot heater, which must serve an airspeed indicator clearly visible to the pilot;

5) provide for the operation of the landing light;

6) provide for one engine restart, if applicable; and

7) provide for the operation of the radio altimeter;

c) a radio altimeter;

d) an autopilot if intended as a substitute for a second pilot. In these cases, the State of Operator shall ensure the operator’s approval clearly states any conditions or limitations on its use;

e) a means to provide for at least one attempt at engine re-start;

f) an area navigation system approved for use in IFR, capable of being used to locate suitable landing areas in the event of an emergency;

g) a landing light that is independent of retractable landing gear and is capable of adequately illuminating the touchdown area in a night forced landing; and

h) an engine fire warning system.

APP 12 3

3. Minimum serviceability requirements — operating equipment The State of the Operator shall specify the minimum serviceability requirements for operating equipment in helicopters operating in performance Class 3 in IMC. 4. Operations manual information

The operations manual shall include limitations, procedures, approval status and other information relevant to operations in performance Class 3 in IMC.

5. Event reporting

5.1 An operator approved to conduct operations by helicopters in performance Class 3 in IMC shall report all significant failures, malfunctions or defects to the State of the Operator who in turn shall notify the State of Design.

5.2 The State of the Operator shall monitor operations in performance Class 3 in IMC so as to be able to take any actions necessary to ensure that the intended safety level is maintained. The State of the Operator shall notify major events or trends of particular concern to the appropriate type certificate holder and the State of Design.

6. Operator planning Operator route planning shall take account of all relevant information in the assessment of intended routes or areas of operations, including the following:

a) the nature of the terrain to be overflown, including the potential for carrying out a safe forced landing in the event of an engine failure or major malfunction;

b) weather information, including seasonal and other adverse meteorological influences that may affect the flight; and

c) other criteria and limitations as specified by the State of the Operator.

7. Flight crew experience, training and checking

7.1 The State of the Operator shall prescribe the minimum flight crew experience for helicopters operating in performance Class 3 in IMC.

7.2 An operator’s flight crew training and checking programme shall be appropriate to operations in performance Class 3 in IMC, covering normal, abnormal and emergency procedures and, in particular, detection of engine failure including descent to a forced landing in IMC and, for single engine helicopters, entry into a stabilized autorotation.

8. Operator certification or validation The operator shall demonstrate the ability to conduct operations in performance Class 3 in IMC through a certification and approval process specified by the State of the Operator.