Unit 9

Reading

Task 1

Прочитайте кілька журнальних статей. Дайте відповіді на питання після

тексту (1-10). Відповідь повинна містити не більше 3 слів. Впишіть ваші

відповіді у графи згідно з наведеним прикладом (0).

Interesting Facts

A. The Earl of Sandwich was the head of the English Navy in the American

War of Independence. He loved playing cards and he didn't like stopping for lunch. So in

1762 he invented a snack made of two pieces of bread with something in the middle.

What was it called? Of course, sandwich!

B. 150 years ago in England, mothers and fathers in poor families had to go

out to work in factories. There was no time to shop and cook. So they bought fast food in

the street. The most popular was fried fish with a piece of bread. Then in the 1870s

something new came from France — pommes de terre a la mode. The English called

them "chips". Soon there were fish’n’chip shops everywhere in working-class areas.

They used to put your fish’n’сhips in an old newspaper — with a lot of salt and vinegar

on top. Today fish’n’chips are still very popular in Britain — but they come in clean

white paper bags!

C. The word hamburger comes from the German city Hamburg. In the

Hamburg area the Tartars first made a sort of hamburger in the Middle Ages. They used

to sit on pieces of meat when they rode horses; so the meat came out flat! But the

Americans invented the modern hamburger about 100 years ago. Now they forget the

origin of the word — and make cheeseburgers, fishburgers, beefburgers, eggburgers ... in

fact anythingburgers!

D. Long thin sausages come from Frankfurt in Germany. They are called

"frankfurters". Put one in bread, and it becomes a "hot dog". Why? Well, the sausage

looks like a long thin German dog, a "dachshund". Add chilli, and it tastes hot!

0 What did the Earl of Sandwich like? playing cards

1 When was a snack made of two pieces of bread with something in the middle

invented?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________

2 What is the name of the snack described in text A?

__________________________________________

3 What didn't parents in poor families have time to?

___________________________________________

4 What did the English call pommes de terre a la mode which came from France?

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________

5 Where did the English put fish’n’chips?

___________________________________________________

6 What city does the word hamburger come from?

____________________________________________

7 What did the Tartars use to sit on when they rode horses?

_____________________________________

8 What was invented by the Americans about 100 years ago?

____________________________________

9 What is the name for long thin sausages?

___________________________________________________

10 Because of what does a hot dog taste hot?

__________________________________________________

Task 2

Прочитайте статтю про компанію Coca-Cola. Виберіть найкращий

заголовок (1-5) до кожної частини статті зі списку наведеного нижче (A-H).

Два заголовки є зайвими. Вкажіть правильну відповідь згідно з наведеним

прикладом (0).

Coca-Cola

0 The Coca-Cola story begins in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1886. John S. Pemberton

invents a new drink. Two of the ingredients are the South American coca leaf and the

African cola nut.

1 Pemberton can't think of a good name for the drink. Finally, Dr Pemberton's

partner Frank M. Robinson suggests the name Coca-Cola and writes the new name in a

special way — and that becomes the famous trademark.

2 Thirty years later the famous Coca-Cola bottle design first appears. The style of

the bottle and the trademark are very important for the success of the drink.

3 For many years, they make only Coca-Cola. They only introduce new drinks —

Fanta, Sprite and TAB — in the 1960s, and diet Coke in 1982.

4 The recipe of Coca-Cola is a secret. In 1985 the company does something

almost incredible. They change the recipe! But the public is very unhappy And, soon

after, they bring back the original recipe: "Coca-Cola Classic".

5 Today they sell Coca-Cola in 195 countries. Hundreds of millions of people,

from Boston to Beijing, drink it every day. It has the most famous trademark in the

world.

A Bottle design

В Failure of the drink

C Recipe of Coca-Cola

D Ingredients of Coca-Cola

E Original drink

F New drinks

G Name of the drink

H The most famous trademark

D

Task 3

Прочитайте газетну статтю про сім’ї,.що ведуть здоровий спосіб життя

Окремі частини статті відсутні. Виберіть зі списку (A-F), наведеного нижче,

частину, що найкраще пасує для заповнення кожного пропуску (1-4). Одна з

наведених частин є зайвою. Напишіть відповіді за наведеним прикладом (0).

Healthy Families

Health insurance can be very expensive. Some working people do not make enough

money to pay for it. (0) _______ .This program offers people health insurance at a low

cost.

Families are charged about $7.00 a month per child for this health insurance. (1)

_______. Having health insurance is very important. With insurance people can see a

doctor when they are sick or hurt. The cost of this program is low. (2) ______. People say

that it still' costs too much money. They need all their money for food and rent.

(3) _______ People are working hard to come up with ways to make this happen. One

idea is to make the Healthy Families Program free for some people.

It is important for people to see a doctor when they need to. The Healthy Families

Program makes it possible for more people to do this. (4) _______ Hopefully, some of

them will allow even more families to get health insurance.

A Many people are still not enrolling in it.

В Many ideas are being considered.

C The state started a program called Healthy Families.

D It would be great if everyone could have health insurance.

E Health insurance is not important.

F This is much less money than buying insurance any other way.

C

Task 4

Прочитайте газетну статтю про телевізійне шоу. Окремі частини статті

відсутні. Виберіть з списку (A-I), наведеного нижче, частину, що найкраще

пасує для заповнення кожного пропуску (1-7). Одна з наведених частин є

зайвою. Напишіть відповіді за наведеним прикладом (0).

Fun Reading Show

Knowing how to read is very important. Reading helps you (0) _______. Many people

want to get more children, adults, and families to read.

A special program was created to help others (1) _______. This program is a tour that

(2) ________. It gets people watching it to be a part of it.

The program puts on a show that (3) _______. It has two funny people putting on a

show. They go to schools all over California (4) _______.

One of the things they do is a game show with someone in the audience. That person

has to answer questions about books (5) ______. They (6) ________ if they get the

questions right.

The show is a part of a program that (7) _______. It wants to get as many people

involved in reading as they can. They are planning to travel to many different places.

A and perform

В learn about reading

C win a prize

D is 20 minutes long

E travels a lot

F and reading

G costs a lot of money

H understand things

I goes to different places

•4H

Task 5

Прочитайте статтю про ділову зустріч. Окремі частини статті відсутні.

Виберіть зі списку (A-J), наведеного нижче, частину, що найкраще пасує для

заповнення кожного пропуску (1-9). Одна з наведених частин є зайвою.

Напишіть відповіді за наведеним прикладом (0).

A Business Meeting

A. I naturally thought long and hard about what to wear. In the fashion

business, of course, you were expected to be smart. The question was whether to be

businesslike, or fashionable.

B. In the end, I decided to wear my most expensive clothes. These were a pair

of boots, a pair of fashion jeans which had cost me a week's salary, a hand-made sweater

and a coat. I was not very satisfied with my appearance, but at least everything was new

and expensive.

C. The job sounded interesting: with a fashion house in the city centre. The

telephone conversations I had had with them were relaxed and friendly, and the letter

from the boss had also been a friendly one.

D. Then he caught sight of me. He shook his head apologetically, and smiled.

Sorry, he said, the house rules were quite clear. No one in jeans would be admitted.

E. There was something else to think about, too. I had to get there by train and

bus. The journey was over two hours, and that affects the clothes you choose.

F. He had invited me to visit the office and join some of them for lunch. The

appointment was at twelve o'clock.

G. The boss was just as friendly as his letter had been. We looked round the

offices, chatted about the business, and finally went out for lunch.

H. I led the way out, and we started looking for somewhere else to eat.

I. In fact, I realized on my arrival that I had chosen exactly the wrong clothes.

The men in the office were wearing dark suits and ties. The women were in business

suits.

J. They had chosen a smart restaurant nearby, where the boss was quite well

known. The restaurant manager greeted him by name.

7' 8 .C

Grammar

Subjunctive Mood

(Умовний спосіб дієслова)

Спосіб дієслова – це граматична категорія, як виражає обране мовцем

відношення дії до реальності.

Умовний спосіб (Subjunctive Mood) виражає дію не як реальну, а як таку, що

могла б відбутися за певних умов, а також необхідну, бажану або нереальну,

нейздісненну. В українській мові для вираження умовного способу

використовується форма дієслова в минулому часі в поєднанні з часткою «би».

Наприклад:

Якби він був вільний, він би прийшов сюди.

If he were free he would be here.

Було б цікаво побачити його зараз.

It would be interesting to see him now.

За способом творення в англійській мові розрізняють Subjunctive I та

Subjunctive II.

Subjunctive II має дві часові форми: present та past.

Present Subjunctive II за формою збігається з Past Indefinite дійсного способу.

Вийнятком є дієслово to be, яке в Present Subjunctive II має форму were в усіх

особах однини та множини. Present Subjunctive II виражає нереальну дію, що

суперечить дійсності і відноситься переважно до теперішнього та майбутнього

часу:

If I saw him tomorrow I would tell him about it.

Якби я побачив його завтра, я б сказав йому про це.

Past Subjunctive II за формою збігається з Past Perfect дійсного способу. Past

Subjunctive II виражає нереальну дію в минулому:

If I had met her I would have told her about it.

Якби я зустрів її, я сказав би їй про це (зустріч не відбулася).

Subjunctive I має тільки одну форму для всіх осіб однини та множини, яка в

усіх дієсловах, у тому числі to be і to have, збігається з інфінітивом без частки to.

Subjunctive I вживається для вираження необхідної, бажаної дії, яка може

відбутись. Subjunctive I не має часових форм – та сама форма може вживатись

відносно теперішнього, минулого і майбутнього часу:

He demands (demanded, will demand) that we be attentive.

Він вимагає (вимагав, вимагатиме), щоб ми були уважні.

Умовний спосіб в англійській мові використовується в наступних випадках:

1. Subjunctive I в поєднанні з дієсловом should в підрядних реченнях зі

сполучником that після дієслів to order, to command, to insist, to demand, to request,

to ask, to recommend, to propose, to suggest та ін. Наприклад:

We insist that a meeting should be held as soon as possible.

Ми наполягаємо на тому, щоб провести зустріч якомога раніше.

2. Subjunctive I в підрядних реченнях після конструкції it is important / vital /

essential / necessary / desirable / impossible that… та після прикметників типу eager,

anxious, concerned:

It is important (that) you (should) be present.

Важливо, щоб ви були присутні.

3. Subjunctive II в підрядних реченнях після дієслова to wish для вираження

бажання змінити хід подій. Традиційно розрізняють наступні конструкції:

wish/if only + past simple/past continiuos

Використовується для вираження бажання змінити щось в теперішньому:

I wish he had more free time.

Я б хотів, щоб у нього було більше вільного часу.

wish/if only + past perfect

Використовується для вираження жалю стосовно того, що трапилось/ не

трапилось в минулому:

I wish I hadn’t lost my ticket.

Шкода, що я загубив свій квиток.(Якби я тільки не загубив свій квиток.)

wish/if only + would

Використовується для вираження: а) ввічливого прохання, наказу; б)

роздратування щодо теперішньої ситуації, побажання на майбутнє.

а) I wish you'd give her a message for me? – Чи не могли б ви передати їй моє

прохання?

б) I wish he would stop smoking. – Якби він тільки кинув палити.

4. В підрядних реченнях умови (Умовні речення - Conditionals). В англійській

мові розрізняють наступні типи умовних речень:

Conditionals (Умовні речення)

Type 0

general truth

If-clause (підрядне

речення умови)

Main clause

(головне речення)

Використання

If + present simple present simple для вираження

загальновідомих фактів

та законів природи

If the temperature falls below 0ºC, water turns

into ice.

Type 1

real present

If + present

simple /present

continuous /present

perfect/present perfect

continuous

future/imperative/can/

may/

might/must/should/could +

bare infinitive

для вираження

реальних або можливих

подій в теперішньому та

майбутньому часі

If I have free time, I’ll visit you.

Type 2

unreal present

If + past simple/

past continuous

would/could/might + bare

infinitive

для вираження

уявних ситуацій, які

суперечать

теперішньому; для

вираження поради

If I were you, I would talk to my parents about it.

Type 3

unreal past

If + past perfect/

past perfect continuous

would/could/might + have

+ past participle

для вираження

уявних ситуацій, які

суперечать минулому;

для вираження жалю

або критики

If she had studied harder, she would have passed

the test.

Exercises

Subjunctives & Conditionals

Test 1

1. I felt sorry for Jane. If anybody ___such a thing to me, I ___hurt.

A would say, felt

B said, would feel

C had said, would feel

D will say, will feel

2. The orders are that three of you ___here, the rest ___to the city centre.

A will stay, will go

B should stay, should go

C would stay, would go

D stay, to go

3. He ___differently, if he ___an answer two days ago

A will act, was given

B would act, were given

C would have acted, would have been given

D would have acted, had been given

4. Who was the first to suggest ____the research, I can not well remember.

A him to do

B that he do

C that he will do

D that he would do

5. "I wish I ___your health and vitality. I ___a new life for myself," she said

with a smile.

A had, would make

B would have, made

C have, will have made

D was having, would have made

6. Don't help my son, please. I ___rather he ___supper himself. He is an

excellent cook.

A would, will cook

B had, cooks

C would, cooked

D had, had cooked

7. He wished he ___ her the money. She never returned it.

A had lent

B hadn't lent

C did not lend

D lent

8. If I ___you, I ___him. It's high time you ___his advice.

A were, would contact, would take

B had been, would have contacted, would have taken

C am, will contact, will take

D were, would contact, took

9. He behaves as if nothing ___. But he forgets it is very important that he ___a

chance of going there.

A has happened, will take

B had happened, take

C was happened, should take

D happened, takes

10. If she ___half an hour earlier, she ___to see him before the departure. He

was eager to say good-bye to her.

A came, would be able

B would come, was able

C would have come, would have been able

D had come, would have been able

11. It is desirable that she ___at the conference. Our director demands that

everybody ___at 3 o'clock.

A is present, comes

B will be present, will come

C be present, come

D would be present, would come

12. You were not attentive. If you ___so nervous, you ___much better and

___so many mistakes

A had not been, would have spoken, wouldn't have made

B were not, would speak, wouldn't make

C wouldn't have been, had spoken, hadn't made

D wouldn't be, spoke, didn't make

13. ____ his letter, his life ____. I wish he ___anything.

A Would the newspaper not print, wouldn't have ruined, had written

B Had the newspaper not printed, wouldn't have ruined, hadn't written

C Had the newspaper not have printed, wouldn't ruin, wrote

D If the newspaper should not have printed, hadn't ruin, hadn't written

14. He speaks to me as though he ___something on his mind. It's time he

___and ___everything to us.

A had had, had come, had explained

B had, came, explained

C has, will come, will explain

D had, should come, should explain

15. ____to the hustle and bustle of the city life, my annoyance ___.

A If I would return, would be over

B Should I return, would be over

C Would I return, would have been over

D If I had returned, had been over

16. Some simple vending machines require that the exact amount of money for a

particular item___.

A will insert

B should insert

C be inserted

D will be inserted

17. ____themselves at Victoria or Vancouver they ___themselves a large

amount of money.

A Had the miners outfitted, would have saved

B Should the miners have outfitted, would have saved

C If the miners outfitted, would have saved

D If the miners had outfitted, should save

18. Inspector Strickland, like myself, was suffering from a severe attack of

bronchitis, which threatened to become chronic if it ___immediately relieved,

A were not

B would not be

C had been

D would not have been

19. Parliament ordered that the customs office ___the taxes more efficiently.

A would collect C collect

B collects D collected

20. National parks request that visitors ___wild animals.

A not feed C would not feed

B did not feed D do not feed

Test 2

1. Since they were new to town and didn't yet have a doctor, Matthew insisted

that she ___a taxi to the nearest hospital outpatient clinic.

A would take C took

B take D takes

2. I pretended not to be interested in what they said, and treated them as if I

___their speaking.

A would not have understood

B had not understood

C did not understand

D do not understand

3. He wished they ___his embarrassment at the moment she was introducing him.

A hadn't noticed

B would have noticed

C would not have noticed

D didn't notice

4. At first, when we began to laugh, the expression of his face was one of intense

surprise; as if laughter ___the very last thing he had expected to be greeted with.

A was C had been

B were D would be

5. If only enough money ___to tide over the present evil day, all ___well.

A must be earned, might be

B was earned, must have been

C were earned, should be

D might be earned, might be

6. Even if I ___down there in the middle of the night, I ___my way all over that

little town.

A would be put, would be able to find

B was put, could have found

C were put, could find

D had been put, would be able to find

7. But for his provisions they ___of hunger.

A have died C would have died

B had died D would die

8. They considered it necessary that she ___out-of-doors after 10 o'clock.

A would not be C were not

B be not D is not

9. But, lest you ___, if I___home by ten, don't expect me.

A are alarmed, don't

B would be alarmed, wouldn't come

C were alarmed, hadn't come

D should be alarmed, don't come

10. We ___the train if we ___faster.

A would catch, had walked

B had caught, would have walked

C would have caught, had walked

D would have caught, walked

11. The sellers demanded that payment ____within five days.

A were made

B would be made

C should be made

D is made

12. Put down the address lest you ___it.

A would forget

B should forget

C should not forget

D would not forget

13. If I were you, I ___it ___yesterday.

A would wish, had been done

B would have wished, had been done

C wished, would have been done

D had wished, would be done

14. The teacher required that everyone ___the meeting.

A attend C would attend

B attends D to attend

15. ___, they would lose everything.

A Would the contract be terminated

B Should the contract be terminated

C Had the contract been terminated

D Could the contract be terminated

16. If mother ___him to the skating rink in his childhood, he ___two times

Olympic champion.

A didn't take, would never have become

B hadn't taken, would never have become

C wouldn't take, had never become

D wouldn't have taken, had never become

17. But for your help we ___in time.

A hadn't finished C should not have finished

B would not finish D didn't finish

18. I ___anything for this not to have happened.

A would have given C will give

B have given D give

19. Missouri now requires that all children ages 7 to 16 ___in school.

A shall enroll C will enroll

B should enroll D enrolled

20. A young woman ___odd if she ___the clothing that her grandmother had

worn when young.

A would look, wore

B would look, had worn

C would have looked, wore

D looked, would wear

Есе

«За і проти»

Напишіть про свої захоплення, використовуючи таблицю.