Floating LiDAR - EWEA · Floating LiDAR A Cost-Effective and Reliable Alternative EWEA Wind Resource Workshop, Helsinki, Finland Michiel Müller & Anthony Crockford 02/06/2015

Floating LiDAR

A Cost-Effective and Reliable Alternative

EWEA Wind Resource Workshop, Helsinki, Finland

Michiel Müller & Anthony Crockford

02/06/2015

© ECOFYS | |

Introduction

> Economic argument for floating LiDAR

is simple:

– Reducing costs of an offshore met

mast campaign from €5+ million

by 80% or more

> Cost-benefit analysis is trickier

– Can a floating LiDAR really replace

the offshore met mast?

– What is the accuracy of this new

technology?

– Is it reliable?

– Will it be accepted for financing?

02/06/2015 Michiel Müller & Anthony Crockford2

© ECOFYS | |

Overview


> Technology Acceptance

> Case study: LiDAR (non-floating)

> Recent progress for floating LIDAR

– Validation campaigns

– Uncertainty and sensitivity

– Reliability

– Bankability

> Future outlook

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Technology acceptance

> Technology Readiness Levels allow for the evaluation of the

development of a new technology


Research / prototype Pre-commercial Commercial

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Case Study – LiDAR (non-floating)



1970s

Initial aerospace

research

2003-2004

First wind LiDARs

- Tested extensively

- R&D applications

2006

First validation campaigns

comparing LiDAR to met mast

2005

First LiDAR

deployment offshore

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2009

NORSEWInD

Definition of validation criteria

for repeatable tests.

Multiple offshore deployments 2012

Windcube and ZephIR achieve ‘Stage 3.’

Widespread acceptance of LiDAR measurements

as replacement for met masts in simple terrain.


2008 – 2011

Significant body of published

validations and operational

experience.

© ECOFYS | |



2011-ongoing

IEC 61400-12-1 ed 2

Definition of procedures to calculate LiDAR

uncertainty and classify LiDAR devices.

Acceptance for power performance

measurements


Ongoing

Innovative new uses for LiDAR:

- Shear measurements

- Wind turbine performance

monitoring

- Wake effect measurement

- Yaw mis-alignment

- Equivalent wind speed

- Site calibration

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Floating LiDAR



2005

First LiDAR

deployment

offshore

2009

First floating

LiDAR deployment

2013

Carbon Trust Offshore

Wind Accelerator

publishes “Roadmap”

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Floating LiDAR



2005

First LiDAR

deployment

offshore

2009

First floating

LiDAR deployment

2013

Carbon Trust Offshore

Wind Accelerator

publishes “Roadmap”

2013-2015

First long-term validations

against offshore met

masts

- Gwynt Y Mor

- Meteomast Ijmuiden

- NAREC

- FINO1

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Floating LiDAR - Validations

> Reached Stage 2


Babcock FLiDAR Fugro Oceanor

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> Undergoing validations to achieve Stage 2

> In addition, the SeaRoc SeaZephIR and Nass&Wind M3EA floating LiDAR buoys

have been deployed commercially. There are no published results regarding their

validations against offshore met masts, compliant with the OWA Roadmap.


AXYS WindSentinel FraunhoferEOLOS

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> Numerous published results have shown that floating LiDAR wind

measurements are comparable to met mast measurements,

within industry guidelines (NORSEWInD or OWA Roadmap)


AXYS WindSentinel

EOLOS

Babcock

© ECOFYS | |


> Numerous published results have shown that floating LiDAR wind

measurements are comparable to met mast measurements,

within industry guidelines (NORSEWInD or OWA Roadmap)


FLiDAR

Fugro Oceanor

Fraunhofer

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Floating LiDAR – Uncertainty and sensitivity

> Probing deeper into the data from these offshore validation

campaigns, we can also quantify the uncertainty of the wind

speed measurements

> According to IEC 61400-12-1 (ed 2), Annex L

> First results show similar results as for fixed, onshore LiDARs

– in line with high-quality cup anemometry


Babcock; Frazer Nash

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> We can also investigate the sensitivity to metocean conditions

> Part of the IEC classification of remote-sensing devices

– Considering meteorological conditions (turbulence, shear, etc)

– Also waves, current, tides, sea temperature, etc

> Initial results show negligible sensitivities

> This analysis is key to deployments in different sea conditions


Fraunhofer Babcock; Frazer Nash

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> Sensitivity to pitch, yaw and roll can be determined from offshore

tests

> Or systematic onshore tests using motion simulators


Fraunhofer Fugro Oceanor

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Floating LiDAR – Reliability

> Accuracy is only half the picture

> System reliability and data availability are key to overall data

quality from floating LiDAR campaigns.

> Regular improvements being made based on long-term

campaigns

> Initial results according to OWA Roadmap criteria are promising

> Track records will build over time


KPI Definition Realised Validation Plan

Minimum

MSA1M Monthly system availability -

1 month average 99.8-99.9% ≥ 90%

OSACA Overall system availability -

campaign average 99.9%* ≥ 95%

MPDA1M

Monthly post-processed

data availability - 1 month

average

92.4-99.9% ≥ 80%

OPDACA

Overall post-processed data

availability - campaign

average

98.4%* ≥ 85%

Fugro Oceanor; FLOW

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Floating LiDAR – Bankable wind data

> The definition of bankability is complex and needs to be

considered on a case-by-case basis

> A recent announcement of the first wind farm financed on the

basis of a wind resource assessment using floating LiDAR as the

sole source of wind measurements

– DONG Energy’s 258 MW Burbo Bank extension

– FLiDAR buoy on-site from June 2013 to September 2014

– Post-validation of floating LiDAR against offshore met mast

> Now several reported floating LiDAR campaigns at offshore wind

farms under development…


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Floating LiDAR



2014-2015

First floating LiDARs

achieve “Stage 2”

according to OWA Roadmap

2015-2016

IEA Wind Annex 32 to

publish Recommended

Practice for Floating LiDAR

2015

Ongoing validations and

several commercial

campaigns announced

2015

Investigations of floating

LiDAR sensitivity, classification

and uncertainty

© ECOFYS | |

Floating LiDAR



FUTURE:

Beyond pre-construction wind

resource assessments:

- Wind farm performance

monitoring & control

- Wake effect measurement

- Yaw mis-alignment

- Equivalent wind speed

© ECOFYS | |

Conclusions

> (Non-floating) LiDAR has experienced

widespread acceptance based on high

accuracy demonstrated in significant

number of validation campaigns

> Floating LiDARs have similarly shown

high accuracy in the first rounds of

long-term offshore validations

> Further investigations are needed to

quantify the uncertainty and classify

the buoys based on sensitivity to

metocean conditions

> Considering the strong economic case,

and the largely positive validation

results, we expect a quick uptake of

floating LiDAR for numerous

applications at offshore wind farms


© ECOFYS | |

Thank you!

> We would like to thank everyone who

shared their time and test results to

ensure this presentation accurately

reflects the current status of floating

LIDAR

> For further information, please feel

free to contact us:

[email protected]


Documents

Floating LiDAR - EWEA · Floating LiDAR A Cost-Effective and Reliable Alternative EWEA Wind Resource Workshop, Helsinki, Finland Michiel Müller & Anthony Crockford 02/06/2015