Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ministry of Water Resourcesand Meteorology (MOWRAM)
Asian Development Bank Cambodia
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project– Output 3: Irrigation and Flood ControlADB Loan Number : 2852-CAM(SF)
AusAID Grant Number: 0285-CAM(EF)
SUB-PROJECT PROFILE
O THNOT
Version 1
OCTOBER 2012
30 October 2012
In association with
KEY CONSULTANTS (CAMBODIA)
Egis Eau Document quality information
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 3Version 1
Document quality information
General information
Author(s) FDERP-MOWRAM TA; EGIS EAU / KCC
Project name Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigationand Flood Control
Document name O THNOT SUB-PROJECT PROFILE
Date 30 October 2012
Reference FDERP-SPP-04-1012
Addressee(s)
Sent to:
Name Organisation Sent on (date):
H.E. Ponh Sachak PIU 30 October 2012
Copy to:
Name Organisation Sent on (date):
PCMU
ADB
History of modifications
Version Date Written by Approved & signed by:
Mark Schiele, Team Leader
Egis Eau Contents
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 4Version 1
Contents
Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 9
1. Background .......................................................................................... 92. Flood Damage....................................................................................... 9
Chapter 2 - SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................. 10
1. Description and history ......................................................................102. Location ...............................................................................................103. Existing Situation ................................................................................13
3.1. Description of the facilities ........................................................................... 13
3.2. State of repair............................................................................................... 13
3.3. Socio-economic and Agriculture .................................................................. 133.3.1. Area............................................................................................................... 13
3.3.2. Population and Beneficiaries ......................................................................... 13
3.3.3. Cropping Patterns ......................................................................................... 15
3.4. FWUC .......................................................................................................... 15
3.5. O&M ............................................................................................................. 16
3.6. Hydrology ..................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 3 - SCOPE OF WORKS................................................................ 17
1. Design Approach.................................................................................172. Repairs.................................................................................................173. Cost estimate.......................................................................................174. Photos..................................................................................................17
Chapter 4 - SUB-PROJECT SCREENING ................................................. 19
1. Resettlement........................................................................................191.1. Resettlement Impact Categorization Check-list........................................... 19
2. Environment ........................................................................................192.1. Environmental Assessment and categorization........................................... 20
Chapter 5 - CONCLUSIONS....................................................................... 21
1. Screening.............................................................................................212. Proposed interventions ......................................................................21
Egis Eau List of Tables
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 5Version 1
List of Tables
Table 1 Population and beneficiary data and rice areas ................................................14
Egis Eau List of figures
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 6Version 1
List of figures
Figure 1 Location Map for O Thnot Sub-project ...............................................................11
Figure 2 Satellite Image....................................................................................................12
Egis Eau List of appendices
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 7Version 1
List of appendices
Appendix 1 Involuntary Resettlement Impact Check-list .......................................................22
Appendix 2 Screening of potential environmental impacts ...................................................23
Appendix 3 Longitudinal profile and cross-section of dyke (O Thnot)...................................27
Appendix 4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)...........................................................28
Appendix 5 Hydrology for O Thnot ........................................................................................33
Egis Eau Acronyms and Abbreviations
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 8Version 1
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
AusAID Australian Agency for International Development
CARM Cambodian Resident Mission (of ADB)
EA Executing Agency
FDERP Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project
FWUC Farmer Water User Community
IA Implementing Agency
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MOWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PAM Project Administration Manual
PCMU Project Coordination and Monitoring Unit (MEF)
PDWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology
PIU Project Implementation Unit
PP Procurement Plan
PPTA Project Preparation Technical Assistance
RGC Royal Government of Cambodia
ROW Right-of-way
RRP Report and Recommendation of the President (to the board of directors)
SAH Severely Affected Households
SPS Safeguard Policy Statement
TA Technical Assistance
TOR Terms of Reference
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE-O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 9Version 1
Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION
1. Background
Following the 2011 floods in Cambodia that caused widespread damage to infrastructure, the
Government of Australia and ADB has approved funding under the Flood Damage Emergency
Reconstruction Project (FDERP) to assist the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) with
implementation of repairs. The Project includes restoration irrigation scheme facilities to be
implemented by the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM).
During the ADB fact finding mission in January and February 2012, interventions were identified
within a framework for structuring project activities and divided into 3 Stages.
Stage 3 interventions were to follow the Stage 2 fast-track repairs necessary to repair damaged
facilities within the following two dry seasons.
The project documents identify Stage 3 sub-projects/contract packages in the Procurement Plan
(PP). However the PP was a hastily prepared list of unscreened sub-projects requiring
interventions with guess estimates of cost (with total cost well above actual funding availability)1.
Thus, a project requirement is for the Stage 3 sub-projects to be confirmed prior to commencing
detailed design.
Thus the PIU is to select the sub-project based on the selection criteria and prior to
commencing detail design, to submit details of the proposed sub-project together with the sub-
projects safeguard classification, to the PCMU for endorsement and to the ADB for no objection.
This sub-project profile report concerns the Stage 3 intervention for O Thnot sub-project located
in Sandan district in Kampong Thom province, which will consist of the emergency
reconstruction of the flood protection embankment and road, and repair to the control gates.
The profile includes a brief description and sub-project screening concluding with justification for
inclusion in FDERP.
The O Thnot sub-project emergency reconstruction work is included in the PP as a component
of Contract No. MOWRAM-CW13, with an estimated final contract value of US$0.32 million
including four other sub-project works.
2. Flood Damage
The embankment that forms the O Thnot reservoir was partly damaged by erosion action during
the extreme flood events of the last two years (2010 and 2011) but was not overtopped.
Presently, the dike is not passable due to scouring at the crest and erosion at the side slopes
due to surface runoff. The dike has not been overtopped by flood water. During the 2011 flood,
the water level was 30 cm below the top slab of the regulator.
1The PP was recently revised and included in the Inception Mission MOU of 16-31 July 2012
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE-O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 10Version 1
Chapter 2 - SUB-PROJECTDESCRIPTION
1. Description and history
The subproject is a minor reservoir and flood protection scheme which consists of a dike about
1.7 km long located at the right side facing the reservoir which traverses to the east and north
directions. The flow from the O Thnot reservoir is controlled by a regulator with four (4) bays; 2
outer bays with stop logs and 2 inner bays with steel gates. The subproject was re-built in 2004
by the Eastern Rural Irrigation Development Project (ERIDP). The dike was damaged by
seasonal floods and was repaired in 2006 by the commune. The actual reservoir is a natural
pond named Boeung Brang, which in turn collects overflow spill or releases from the O Touk
reservoir upstream. The O Touk system was originally included in the PP for FDERP but has
been deselected for inclusion for implementation since it is now under rehabilitation through
WRMSDP. It was also studied during that project’s PPTA which indicated that O Touk could
also irrigate the O Thnot irrigation area of 358 ha through its main canal that runs down to O
Thnot and adjacent to the O Thnot dyke. The main purpose of the dyke is seen as a flood
protection embankment from the Stung Sen River which is very close, and to contain a reservoir
for recession rice growing within. The original structure dates back to the Sihanouk period when
it was built by villagers and has been rehabilitated as mentioned above.
2. Location
The subproject is located in the vicinity of Ou Thnaoth and Krabey Prey villages on the right
bank side and adjacent to the Stung Sen River in the district of Sandan in Ngon Commune,
Kampong Thom province. It is about 67 km north east from Stung Sen city passing through
national road No. 6-2. From the junction of the national road to the right, the project area can be
reached through an earth road of about 55 km or 2 hours travel by car from Stung Sen city. See
Figures 1 and 2 below.
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE-O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and
Figure 1 Location Map for O Thnot Sub-project
O Touk Reservoir
Flood Control Page 11Version 1
O Thnot Dike
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 12Version 1
Figure 2 Satellite Image
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 13Version 1
3. Existing Situation
3.1. Description of the facilities
Inside the reservoir area is an irrigation canal following the alignment of the dike. The source of
water is from the O’ Touk reservoir at Krang Deum village and it conveys water to the irrigable
area at both sides of the canal and further downstream crossing the dike through a pipe culvert
and terminating adjacent to Stung Sen River. This canal supplements the irrigation water
requirement of the irrigable area inside and outside of the reservoir area. The level of the canal
embankment at the right side facing downstream is lower than the crest elevation of the existing
dike and is inundated during flood.
3.2. State of repair
The regulator is still in good condition but the concrete columns supporting the hoist gates
platform are weakening at the base of the columns which are showing cracks. During gates
operation, the platform tends to vibrate or shake. The steel gates and other metal works like the
ladder and the railings need de-rusting, spot welding and repainting. The concrete footing of the
ladder is also damaged as well as the riprap at the top of the upstream and downstream wing
walls.
3.3. Socio-economic and Agriculture
3.3.1. Area
The area outside the reservoir is 380 ha under rice cultivation as mentioned above and does not
include 236 ha of rice growing area within the reservoir area (see table below).
3.3.2. Population and Beneficiaries
The beneficiaries from Ou Thnoth reservoir are composed of people from 11 villages and
number 717 households. Nine (9) villages are located in Ngon commune and 2 villages in Cheu
Teal commune.
Beneficiary information is provided in the Table 1 below that includes areas irrigated within and
outside the reservoir area and corresponding yields.
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 14Version 1
Table 1 Population and beneficiary data and rice areas
Commune Village NameNumber of
households
PopulationBeneficiary
InsideReservoir
OutsideReservoir
Wet season Dry Season
Total Female Area Yield Area Yield
hh No No hh ha t/ha ha t/ha
Ngon Ngon 347 1634 859 70 60 1.5 40 2,0
Krang Doeum 79 384 205 15 8 1.5 2 n/a
Ou Thnaot 106 465 235 106 30 1.5 45 2.5
Treub 87 409 227 87 30 1.5 39 1.5
Sam Phi 107 672 344 107 39 2,0 30 1.5
Krabey Prey 124 552 277 124 40 2,0 50 3,0
Tang Krosao 159 698 369 112 12 2,0 13 2,0
Khmer 161 778 393 85 5 1.5 10 n/a
Rovieng 199 974 523 6 6
Subtotal 1369 6566 3432 712 230 229
Cheu Teal Kg.Ta Ben 3 3
Cheu Teal 2 3
Subtotal 5 6
TOTAL 717 236 229
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 15Version 1
3.3.3. Cropping Patterns
At the present, rice crops are grown within and outside O Thnot reservoir. Rice varieties include
medium and floating rice, as well as early rice. Recessional rice is cultivated in the case where
the both medium and floating rice is damaged by floods, and grown when flood waters recede.
The kind of rice seed that they use such as IR 66, Sen Pidor and Kromom Chen, furthermore
these rice yield obtained 2.5t/ha.
Inside reservoir
The early wet season in reservoir farmers grew rice medium rice start from mid-May and
November just completed harvesting it, the kind of rice including Lak Leuk and Neang Keut
most of they planted it and rice yield they obtained 1.5t/ha. Moreover the floating rice the
farmers same date grow beginning of the medium rice too and harvested them December. The
kind of these rice as Krachok Chab, Kam Pol, Phka Doung, Bang Kork and Koh Ek. The most of
farmer sowed them and rice yield they received 2t/ha.
Outside reservoir
As for outside reservoir the farmers grew medium rice simultaneous inside reservoir. So the
kind of rice seed and yield same inside reservoir too.
Cropping Pattern of O Thnot Reservoir
Floating rice varieties inside Reservoir
WS
Medium rice varieties, In and Outside Reservoir
WS
Recessoning period
In &Outside Reservoir
Month Nov Dec Jan Feb MarApr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
3.4. FWUC
The Farmer Water User Group of O Thnot subproject was developed and established in 2005
and denominated that “O Thnot FWUG ”. The FWUG is comprised of beneficiaries from 2
communes including Ngon and Cheu Teal commune in Sandan district, Kampong Thom
province. After the FWUG Committee was elected, it was supported by Kampong Thom
PDWRAM that had recognized the FWUG committee of O Thnot, which consisted of 5 persons
including: a FWUG Chief, First vice chief, Second vice chief, treasurer and a member. O Thnot
FWUG is comprised of 1 group with 11 subgroups (WUGs), 10-20 families /subgroup.
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 16Version 1
The internal rules and FWUG statute of O Thnot FWUG were developed, registered through
assistance by Kampong Thom PDOWRAM. The Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) was determined at
20,000 riels/ha but has never been collected.
3.5. O&M
The water source of O Thnot reservoir comes from Ou Tuok at Krang Deum village, and from
rainwater in wet season, when all gates of the regularor structure are closed all time in order to
store water in the reservoir to service paddy rice in and out reservoir. Since water flow
permanently from Ou Tuok to O Thnot, excess requirements overflow the two side crest of the
regulator structure to escape water downstream. In the case of extreme flood due to torrential
rain, all two gates in middle of structure are opened (see photo). In dry season the water in
reservoir is released for irrigating paddy fields of farmers outside the reservoir through gate
opening starting in November (the farmers make request to FWUG). The average water deep of
the reservoir in dry season approximated 1.2 m.
The Water distribution of O Thnot reservoir did not divide as blocks or turns that means the
farmer’s water need for paddy irrigating by pump to take water from the reservoir to respective
paddy via to favor each other. As for outside reservoir all of farmers have to arrange a group
representative to meet the FWUG Chief so as to request water for watering to FWUG Chief just
can open gate through asking.
So far, neither structures or dyke embankment of O Thnot reservoir have been maintained since
the FWUG Committee does not have the budget for maintenance as they have not yet collected
the ISF from both farmers in and out reservoir. However, the ISF was defined at an amount of
20,000 riel/ha when the FWUG was established. But they were took part in repairing it via some
organization and MoWRAM (see, 2.5 Repairing Work below). As the gate leaves of regulator
did not paint and rusted all of body gate leaf especially the gate frame at downstream (See
picture). Moreover the screw stem they did not use the grease but they took the black oil
instead of grease for greasing when opened or closed gate. And the rubber tight that stick of
gate upstream have been cut out by anonym to utilize for self-advantage.
3.6. Hydrology
The hydrology of the O Thnot area is covered by the brief report attached here as Appendix 5.
Of particular interest for the FDERP sub-project O Thnot is the stage hydrograph which shows
the high water level stages. The main problem for the designers is to correlate the hydrological
stage datum level with that used for the topographical surveys. Experience has shown that in
Cambodia the local people have very good reference marks for flood levels experienced during
extreme flood events. It should be noted that the dyke has not been overtopped since it was
rehabilitated in 2004.
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 17Version 1
Chapter 3 - SCOPE OF WORKS
1. Design Approach
The project aims to consolidate the protection of the right embankment of the irrigation canal
which lies inside the reservoir area. The rural road shall be improved to connect to the district
existing road that shall be improved as an extension of the dike for access
Existing Regulator with minor repairs of steel gates, ladder an riprap
2. Repairs
The proposed scope of principle works identified for reconstruction includes the following:
a) Raising the crest elevation of the dike to level with the top slab of the regulator with length of
about 1700m.
b) Construct additional dike over existing road with length of about 1,170 m to provide access
to the residents at Krabei Prey village.
c) Bush and shrub clearance
d) Provision of laterite surfacing at dike crest
e) Grass sodding on both side slopes of the dike or as required
f) Construct six (6) additional columns beside the existing ones at the exterior and at the
middle portion.
g) Dry stone riprap for protection of the upstream and downstream wing-walls of the existing
regulator.
h) Repair of steel gates, ladder and railings including painting, lubrication, oiling, etc
3. Cost estimate
The initial cost estimate prepared at this pre-detailed design stage is based on the
topographical data and amounts to some US$ 0.25 million including contingencies, which is less
than the US$ 0.32 million of the PP that includes several other sub-projects in the package.
Thus the average repair cost of the emergency reconstruction works are reckoned to be less
than US$ 1000 per ha, if the gross agricultural area is taken.
4. Photos
The following photos show the existing conditions of the O Thnot dyke.
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 18Version 1
Existing Regulator needs minor repairs Typical section of dyke requiring rehabilitation
Typical section of dyke requiring rehabilitation Existing road to be improved as extension of dyke
Irrigation canal inside reservoir - along dyke Gates open flood season
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 19Version 1
Chapter 4 - SUB-PROJECT SCREENING
1. Resettlement
There is no evidence of involuntary resettlement impact from the proposed emergency
reconstruction of the O Thnot facilities. The O Thnot sub-project works selected for emergency
reconstruction comprise emergency reconstruction of the dyke/road embankment and ancillary
structures. There is no land encroachment, affected structure or household as well as small
business to be found in the Right of Way (ROW) of O Thnot sub-project area. No land
acquisition is required for this sub-project intervention. In short, there is no involuntary
resettlement impact found at this pre-detailed design stage from the proposed repairs to the O
Thnot scheme.
1.1. Resettlement Impact Categorization Check-list
The resettlement impact check-list is included in Appendix 1 and confirms that there are no
involuntary resettlement impacts and that the project interventions are within the Category C for
resettlement as per the SPS.
The screening for resettlement categorization was conducted on the 30th
August 2012 by the
national Resettlement Specialist accompanied by other team members including design
engineers.
Initial screening for involuntary resettlement is to be revisited following detailed design.
2. Environment
The O Thnot sub-project is not situated in a protected area and there will be no change in
downstream impacts. Short term environmental impacts may occur during the construction
phase. Pre-flood O&M measures will be maintained or improved by the already established
PDWRAM and local authorities.
O Thnot sub-project was subjected to environmental screening process using ADB’s
Classification System. Based on SPS 2009, a project category is evaluated by the category of
its most environmentally sensitive component, including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced
impacts in the project’s area of influence. The subprojects are classified according to the
following Categories:
1 Category A. A proposed subproject is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant
adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These
impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.
2 Category B. A proposed subproject is classified as category B if its potential adverse
environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts
are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures
can be designed more readily than for category A projects.
3 Category C. A proposed subproject is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or
no adverse environmental impacts.
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 20Version 1
2.1. Environmental Assessment and categorization
During project preparation, the overall project was classified by ADB as Category B with impacts
that are expected to be site-specific (see appendix 7 of PAM).
Based on the rapid environmental assessment conducted, sensitive areas such as cultural
heritage site, protected area, wetland, mangrove, estuarine and buffer zone of protected area
are not adjacent or within the project area. During construction, impacts on surface water
quality, occupational health and safety, noise and vibration, hazardous driving conditions, poor
sanitation and solid waste disposal are expected, however, these are minimal and short term in
which mitigation measures can be readily formulated and be implemented (see appendix 2).
Hence, O Thnot subproject is classified as Category B as per the SPS. The requisite
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared and is attached here as Appendix
4.
The general Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is included as part of the Special
Provisions of the Specification and Performance Requirement (Section V) in the NCB
documents for the FDEP-MOWRAM procurement contracts for civil works. The Contractor will
incorporate the EMP in his planning and will be required to prepare an EMP and report
periodically.
Egis Eau SUB-PROJECT PROFILE_ O THNOT
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 21Version 1
Chapter 5 - CONCLUSIONS
1. Screening
The O Thnot sub-project emergency reconstruction works will not change pre flood hydrology
and the dyke and regulating gate is existing infrastructure. The sub-project conforms to the
FDERP general criteria for selection as provided in the ADB project documents2, principally it is
a flood control structure that has been damaged by the consecutive floods of recent years.
Average repair costs will amount to less than $1,000 per ha of gross area (agricultural lands)
protected after repairs and following project criteria3
may proceed without having to verify the
economic viability.
A sub-project review has confirmed that there are no involuntary resettlement impacts and
confirm that the project interventions are within the Category C for resettlement.
The O Thnot sub-project is not situated in a protected area and there will be no change in
downstream impacts. The proposed interventions will have minimal or no adverse
environmental impacts. Short term environmental impacts may occur during the construction
phase. Pre-flood O&M measures will be maintained by the existing FWUG.
2. Proposed interventions
The proposed interventions described above will be defined in detailed design and based on the
topographic survey recently carried out.
Typical cross-sections for the proposed embankment works are included here in Appendix 3.
2PAM Annex 1; ‘Selection Criteria for Sub-projects’, March 2012
3Threshold for average repair costs of US$1,000 per ha; PAM Annex 1 Selection Criteria for
sub-projects.
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 22Version 1
Appendix 1 Involuntary Resettlement Impact Check-list
Subproject: O Thnot
Involuntary Resettlement EffectsYes No Not
known
Remarks
Information on Project areas and Involuntary Acquisition of Land
1. Will there be land acquisition?
2. Is the site for land acquisition known? NA4The retention dike lies
within the existing ROW
of the dike which is the
property of RGC..
3. Is the ownership status and current usage of the landto be acquired known?
NA
4. Will easement be utilized within an existing Right ofWay (ROW)?
5. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land due toland acquisition? NA
6. Will there be loss of agricultural and other productiveassets due to land acquisition? NA
7. Will there be loss of crops, trees, and fixed assets dueto land acquisition? NA
8. Will there be loss of businesses or enterprises due toland acquisition? NA
9. Will there be loss of income sources and means oflivelihoods due to land acquisition NA
Involuntary restriction on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas
10. Will people loss access to natural resources,communal facilities and services?
11. If land use is changed, will it have an adverse impacton social and economic activities?
12. Will access to land and resources owned communallyor by the state be restricted?
Information on Displaced Persons:
Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced by theproject?If YES, approximately how many?
[NA] No Yes
Are any of them poor, Female-headed of household, or vulnerable to povertyrisks?
[NA] No Yes
Are there any displaced persons from endogenous or ethnic minority groups? [NA] No Yes
4NA: Not applicable
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 23Version 1
Appendix 2 Screening of potential environmental impacts
O Thnot sub-project
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
A. PROJECT SITING
IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHINANY OF THE FOLLOWING
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?
PROTECTED AREAX No cultural heritage sites are
adjacent to or within the
subprojects area
WETLANDX There are no environmentally
sensitive areas within the
subproject area. MANGROVE X
ESTUARINE X
BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA X
SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTINGBIODIVERSITY X
B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…
loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result ofencroachment into forests/swamplands orhistorical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption ofhydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding,and drainage hazards)?
X No loss in ecological values as the
subproject is to repair the existing
dyke to the pre-flood conditions
within existing. The work scope
calls for additional drainage outlet
gate
conflicts in water supply rights and related socialconflicts? X Not a water use scheme but flood
protection. No social conflicts
expected.
impediments to movements of people and animals?X Minor impediment expected for
dyke/road rehabilitation. If
necessary temporary bypass will
be provided to local people and
animal passage during
construction and as specified in
contract documents
potential ecological problems due to increased soilerosion and siltation, leading to decreased streamcapacity?
X No change to system and scheme
facility does not impact any
streams. Repairs include grass
sodding bank protection to reduce
erosion risk on dyke. Good
construction practices to mitigate
soil erosion and silt runoff are
included in specification.
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 24Version 1
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion?X No salinity issues are expected at
any sites
over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinizationand ground subsidence? X Not applicable
impairment of downstream water quality andtherefore, impairment of downstream beneficial usesof water?
X Scheme facilities do not impact
water use.
dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?X No IR impacts envisioned. The
works will be carried out only within
the existing embankments. Fill
materials will be taken from outside
the flood protected area or from
existing designated borrow
pits/quarries.
disproportionate impacts on the poor, women andchildren, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerablegroups?
X The subproject will not affect
indigenous people or other
vulnerable groups.
potential social conflicts arising from land tenure andland use issues? X The reconstruction works are to
restore the existing dyke to the pre-
flood conditions. Thus, there will be
no conflict on land use.
soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals?X No canals_ not irrigation scheme
noise from construction equipment?X Some dust and noise is expected
during construction but impacts will
be temporary and short in duration.
In addition, construction activities
are far from residential area. Good
construction practices to mitigate
noise and dust are included in
specifications.
dust during construction?X
waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequatedrainage and farm management? X The agricultural lowland areas are
used for lowland flood spreading
irrigation for paddy rice. Drainage
outlets exist for draining protected
area on completion of growing
season.
leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soilcharacteristics due to excessive application ofirrigation water?
X Soils characteristics will not be
changed compared to pre-flood
irrigation practice conditions which
consists of paddy rice cultivation,
mostly in wet season.
reduction of downstream water supply during peakseasons? X No change or effect on water
supplies; no downstream water
users
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 25Version 1
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater,and public health risks due to excessive applicationof fertilizers and pesticides?
X No change compared to pre-flood
conditions.
soil erosion (furrow, surface)?X Bunded rice paddy flooding will be
practiced on land without slope in
lowland agricultural areas. No
change from pre-flood conditions.
scouring of canals?X Not applicable _ no canals
clogging of canals by sediments?X No canals and the repair works will
not affect the existing pre-flood
conditions of the agricultural areas.
Designs call for grass sodding of
dyke embankments.
clogging of canals by weeds?X No clogging of channels is
expected as the repair works will
not affect the existing pre-flood
conditions. The channels are dry in
dry season. Vegetation is fed to
animals. O&M procedures are
included in FWUC strengthening
plan.
seawater intrusion into downstream freshwatersystems? X Not applicable.
introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne orwater related diseases? X The reconstruction works are to
restore the existing embankment to
the pre-flood conditions.
dangers to a safe and healthy working environmentdue to physical, chemical and biological hazardsduring project construction and operation?
X Contractor is obliged to conform to
safety standards for protection of
public and workers through a
Health Safety Plan. No chemical,
biological and radiological hazards
are expected during construction
and operation. Only natural
materials such as soils or laterites
will be used. No chemicals will be
used.
large population influx during project construction andoperation that causes increased burden on socialinfrastructure and services (such as water supply andsanitation systems)?
X The number of non-local workers
will be small in number. If
necessary, construction
contractors will be required to
provide a worker’s camp with
independent basic facilities.
social conflicts if workers from other regions orcountries are hired? X Priority in labour employment will
be given to local residents and
non-local workers will be small in
number
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 26Version 1
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
risks to community health and safety due to thetransport, storage, and use and/or disposal ofmaterials such as explosives, fuel and otherchemicals during construction and operation?
X No explosives and chemicals will
be used for the subprojects.
community safety risks due to both accidental andnatural hazards, especially where the structuralelements or components of the project (e.g.,irrigation dams) are accessible to members of theaffected community or where their failure could resultin injury to the community throughout projectconstruction, operation and decommissioning?
X Construction area will be clearly
demarcated and access controlled.
Only workers and project staff will
be allowed to enter the operational
sites. The emergency
reconstruction works are of small
scale
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions
The following questions are not for environmental
categorization. They are included in this checklist to
help identify potential climate and disaster risks.
Yes No Remarks
Is the Project area subject to hazards such asearthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclonewinds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptionsand climate changes?
X Not Applicable
Could changes in temperature, precipitation, orextreme events patterns over the Project lifespanaffect technical or financial sustainability (e.g.,increased glacial melt affect delivery volumes ofirrigated water; sea level rise increases salinitygradient such that source water cannot be used forsome or all of the year)?
X Not Applicable
Are there any demographic or socio-economicaspects of the Project area that are alreadyvulnerable (e.g., high incidence of marginalizedpopulations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements,ethnic minorities, women or children)?
X Not Applicable
Could the Project potentially increase the climate ordisaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., bydiverting water in rivers that further increases salinityupstream, or encouraging settlement in earthquakezones)?
X Not Applicable
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 27Version 1
Appendix 3 Longitudinal profile and cross-section of dyke (O Thnot)
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 28Version 1
Appendix 4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Project Phase Project ActivityPotential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Institutional Responsibilities
Implement Monitor
1.Pre-Construction Detailed Engineering Design 1) Loss of trees (during site
clearing and quarrying of
construction materials)
On the design stage, ensure that there areacceptable alternative borrow pit areas thatwould have an overall beneficial advantage interms of improved livelihood and reducedenvironmental impact.
TA Consultant, IA/EA TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
2) Damage to existing structures The design should maximize benefits or avoidimpacts on assets. Resettlement framework forthe Project and Cambodian laws, policies, andregulations should be complied with.
TA Consultant, IA/EA TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
3) Risk of land mine or UXO Consultative meetings with local communitiesare necessary to know clearly where there arerisks of mines or UXO. Unsafe areas should becleared before project implementation.
TA Consultant, IA/EA TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
2. Construction Earthworks, site clearing,
hauling of construction
materials, piling works,
Operation of construction/
workers’ camps, borrow
operation, hauling of
construction wastes to spoil
sites
4) Dust generation The Contractor will be required to formulate andimplement a Dust Abatement Program thatincludes spraying of water on embankment/dykeused as roads and work areas within villagesclose to the road.
Vehicles transporting materials should becovered with tarpaulin or similar material
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
5) Noise and vibration The Contractor should ensure that constructionactivities within 100m of a village or town shouldbe limited between 12 PM to 2 PM and at night
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 29Version 1
Project Phase Project ActivityPotential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Institutional Responsibilities
Implement Monitor
time.
Provide enclosures/barriers on major worksbeing undertaken on sensitive areas.
6) Water contamination Waste/used oil should be collected, properlystored and disposed to an approved site(according to national standard). Storage shouldbe in drums raised off the ground and properlycovered to keep rain water out. Lining or panshould be provided to contain any spills andsimplify clean up.
The Contractor shall prepare a SpillManagement Plan (including measures to betaken and equipment to be used) to ensureadequate cleanup of any spills.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
7) Water-borne disease Fill-up depressed areas to prevent water pondingwhich may be used as breeding ground fordisease- carrying organisms mosquitoes
Borrow pits may be utilized for aquaculture or bedeveloped as water reservoir for community use.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
8) Loss of agricultural land for
borrow pits
The contractor will use only licensed borrowoperators. There will be no side borrowpermitted, unless agreed to withembankment/dyke side residents.
The contractor will be responsible forrehabilitating any borrow sites opened and
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 30Version 1
Project Phase Project ActivityPotential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Institutional Responsibilities
Implement Monitor
operated by them.
9) Loss of trees Tree clearing should be avoided as much aspossible;
The borrow pits will need to be re-vegetatedbefore being handed back to the owner, or couldbe used for aquaculture.
Tree planting should be carried out in theappropriate location of the embankment/dyke.Coordinate with MoE regarding the species oftrees to be used.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
10) Soil erosion The contractor will be required to implement soilerosion control to minimize soil erosion andsedimentation of waterways. The alternativeapproaches should be: (1) provide adequatecross drainage to avoid over flow or flooding and(2) re-vegetation of erosion-prone areas.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
11) Generation of domestic wastes Sufficient garbage containers should be providedin construction camps and work sites
Employ regular disposal of waste in an approvedlandfill or site
Maintain cleanliness/orderliness at camps andwork sites
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 31Version 1
Project Phase Project ActivityPotential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Institutional Responsibilities
Implement Monitor
12) Safety and Health
The Contractor should formulate and implementa Health and Safety Plan to protect both thepublic and the workers. A trained first aidpersonnel and health facility should be providedon site.
Provide potable water and sanitary facilities toworkers
Install warning signs like “safety first” at theconstruction area including fences or enclosures
Provide Protective Personal Equipment (PPE) toworkers e.g. safety shoes, hardhats, earplugs,etc.
The Contractor should implement a Health andSafety Plan to protect both the public and theworkers during cutting branch of big trees.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA
12) Traffic congestion Contractor should perform the following: i) orienttheir drivers or equipment operators to complywith the required speed limit. (ii) drive at lowspeeds, especially in market, school, hospital,urban areas. (iii) keep the roadway or bypassaccessible to commuters to avoid traffic jams.(iv) park at designated area.
Provide appropriate storage area for theconstruction materials.
Detour road should be provided and accessibleto commuters
Contractor/in
coordination with the sub-
district officials
TA Consultant, IA/EA
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control Page 32Version 1
Project Phase Project ActivityPotential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Institutional Responsibilities
Implement Monitor
Temporary access of equipment and trucks mustbe established and approved by the sub-districtofficials
13) Transmission of sexuallytransmitted disease (HIV)
Prepare and implement a Health and Safety Planincluding education of workers on sexuallytransmitted disease.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA
14) Generation of employment The contractor should comply with the Labor and
Gender Action Plan; employed people fromvillages including women and unskilled workers.
Contractor IA/EA , local authorities
3.Operation Phase
Use of hydraulic facilities,
15) Accident, social conflicts Provide warning signs on accident-prone points
such as spillways, especially near schools,hospitals and market areas.
Provide signs on the specialty structures to avoidparking. Prohibit setting up of food stalls etc.
Contractor, PDWRAM /
FWUC
MOWTRAM/PDWRAM,
local authorities, FWUC
16) Social conflicts, facility andwater use conflict
Prepare the FWUG and FWUC TA Consultant, IA/EA ,
FWUC, PDWRAM, Local
authority
MOWTRAM/PDWRAM,
local authorities, FWUC
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-O Thnot
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl
Page 33Version 1
Appendix 5 Hydrology for O Thnot
A – Hydrological and flood hazard in sub-area
3. Hydrological and flood hazard in O Tnaot
3.1. Catchment Characteristics
O Tnaot area, see Figure 3.1, located in Kampong Thom province, along adjacent
floodplain of Stung Sen River. There are more than 38584 ha with O Tnaot catchment area
in which 425 ha are irrigation area for both dry and wet seasons inside and outside the
irrigation scheme (commanded area).
Figure 3.1 O Tnaot Layout Catchment area.
This area was flood plain dyke and had built in 2004 ERIDP Project. It function is to store
water during the wet season to irrigate dry season and wet season rice for both inside and
outside ring dyke.
There’s 65% of O Tnaot catchment area is low land with elevation mostly between 20 and
100 meters masl [mean absolute sea level] with highest 424 m mountainous area called
Phnom Dek. The area is characterized by large floodplain with gentile slopes along Stung Sen
River.
Rainfall
The rainy season started in Cambodia in mid-May and lasts until end of October. The mean annual
rainfall varies from 1100 mm to more than 4000 mm.
In the northern region, the mean annual rainfall varies from 1100 mm to 1800 mm.
In the northeastern region: 1000 mm to 2000 mm (Kampong Thom)
At Bokor near Kampot: 4650 mm
Figure 3.2 Annual Rainfalls at Kampong Thom.
Temperature
The variation of the mean annual temperature over Cambodia is very small.
The mean maximal temperature in April 35°C
The mean minimal temperature in December 20°C
Humidity
The mean annual humidity over Cambodia varies in a narrow range among 75% at Phnom
Penh, to about 80% at Sihanouk Ville.
The mean seasonal variation of humidity at Phnom Penh is from 66% to 85%.
Evaporation
The observations on evaporation in Cambodia are mostly made with the Pich evaporimeter
and to a limited extend with the evaporation pan. The annual observation made by Pich
evaporimeter varies from 1020 mm to 1470 mm. At Phnom Penh mean annual evaporation
is 1348 mm
Water resources
Cambodia has a unique hydrological system. The Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake are
connected by Tonle Sap River which twice a year reverse its stream direction. From July to
October, when the Mekong level is higher, water is pushed up in the Tonle Sap Lake (great
Lake), thereby increasing the size of the Lake.
O Tnaot catchment is part of the floodplain along Stung Sen River flow forwards to Great
Lake; most of flow within this area is created by rainfall run-off rather than over bank flow
from Stung Sen River. Upper O Tnaot catchment flow forward to lower part especially in
beginning wet season most of those flow volume are store inside a ponds (reservoir) beside
Dangtoteung Village before reaching vertical gate at O Tnaot. There’s more than enough
volume of flow going through one canal was built during Pol Pot time to connect with this
reservoir and O Tnaot vertical gate as an entrance where it plays the role as main drainage
canal to distribute water flow to other irrigated area upper part of O Tnaot catchment and
near-by area. Therein linkage between this catchment and Stung Sen River flow interaction
cannot happen because the river bank top is still higher than flow level of this river even
downstream of the gate there’s a canal connected with Stung Sen River its water level
cannot go inside the dyke O Tnaot (back water). Most of flow in the catchment is from
rainfall run-off inside catchment itself (Fig.3.3 Flood Image in year 2000)
Figure 3.3 Satellite Image flood year 2000 .