FLOOD S AND FLASH FLOOD S

FLOODS

AND

FLASH FLOODS

FLOODS

AND

FLASH FLOODS

M.P.Singh

Superintending Engineer

Hydrological Observation Circle

Central Water Commission, Guwahati

FLOODS ARE NATURAL PHENOMENA.FLOODS ARE NATURAL PHENOMENA.

FLOODS

FLOODSFLOODS

FLOODS ARE WATER RELATED DISASTER

WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

INCLUDES MANAGEMENT OF THESE

DISASTERS

FLOODS ARE WATER RELATED DISASTER

WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

INCLUDES MANAGEMENT OF THESE

DISASTERS

CAUSES OF FLOODSCAUSES OF FLOODS

PRECIPITATION

INADEQUATE CAPACITY (WITHIN BANKS)

BANK EROSION AND SILTING

LAND SLIDES

TIDAL AND BACK WATER EFFECTS

POOR DRAINAGE

SNOW MELT AND GLACIAL OUT BURSTS

PRECIPITATION

INADEQUATE CAPACITY (WITHIN BANKS)

BANK EROSION AND SILTING

LAND SLIDES

TIDAL AND BACK WATER EFFECTS

POOR DRAINAGE

SNOW MELT AND GLACIAL OUT BURSTS

FLOOD MANAGEMENTFLOOD MANAGEMENT

GEOGRAPHICAL 328

FLOOD PRONE 40 12%

PROTECTABLE 32 80%

PROTECTED 16.4 45%

FLOOD AFFECTED AVERAGE 7.7 MAXIMUM 17.5 (1978) MINIMUM 1.5 (1965)

GEOGRAPHICAL 328

FLOOD PRONE 40 12%

PROTECTABLE 32 80%

PROTECTED 16.4 45%

FLOOD AFFECTED AVERAGE 7.7 MAXIMUM 17.5 (1978) MINIMUM 1.5 (1965)

INDIAINDIA

AREA (M. Ha)AREA (M. Ha)

FLOOD MANAGEMENTFLOOD MANAGEMENTINDIAINDIA

FLOOD PRONE AREA - 40 M.Ha.FLOOD PRONE AREA - 40 M.Ha.

OTHERSTATES

43.9%

OTHERSTATES

43.9%

UTTAR PRADESH21.90%

UTTAR PRADESH21.90%

BIHAR12.71%BIHAR12.71%

ASSAM9.40%

ASSAM9.40%

WEST BENGAL7.91%

WEST BENGAL7.91%

ORISSA4.18%

ORISSA4.18%

FLOOD MANAGEMENTFLOOD MANAGEMENTINDIA

AREA AFFECTED BY FLOODS - 1953-992

.29

7.4

99

.44

9.2

44

.86 6

.26

5.7

7 7.5

36

.56

6.1

23

.49 4

.9

1.4

64

.74

7.1

2 7.1

56

.2 6.4

61

3.2

54

.11

1.7

96

.76

.17

11

.91

11

.46

17

.53

.99

11

.46

6.1

28

.87

9.0

2 10

.71

8.3

8 8.8

18

.89

16

.29

4.6

3 9.3

6.1

72

.09

4.6

32

.75

6.1

1 7.4

3.8

57

.18

2.5

5

1953

1956

1959

1962

1965

1968

1971

1974

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

YEAR

AR

EA

IN

M.H

a.

199

9

FLOOD DAMAGE IN INDIA DURING 1953-2000

52.4

57.2

310

2.73

53.6

323

.37

43.9

786

.263

.17

31.3

794

.89

36.6

166

.61

7.14 88

.43

155.

4321

1.1

404.

4328

7.83

632.

4815

8.19 56

956

9.02

471.

6488

8.69 12

01.8

514

54.7

661

4.2

840.

511

96.5

1644

.88

2491

.61

1905

.56

4059

.27

3748

.53

2569

.72

4630

.324

05.3

317

08.9

214

88.3

333

44.5

325

36.7

917

94.5

937

02.3

129

52.7

828

31.1

8

5845

.98

2107

.86

1415

.88

1953

1955

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965

1967

1969

1971

1973

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

RU

PE

ES

IN

CR

OR

E

YEAR

INDISCRIMINATE ENCROACHMENT

INCREASING ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN FLOOD PLAINS

LACK OF REGULATIONS

INADEQUATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE

LACK OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

INDISCRIMINATE ENCROACHMENT

INCREASING ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN FLOOD PLAINS

LACK OF REGULATIONS

INADEQUATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

INADEQUATE MAINTENANCE

LACK OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

INCREASED VULNERABILITY

CAUSES

INCREASED VULNERABILITY

CAUSES

FLOODS CAN NOT BE ABSOLUTELY

CONTROLLED

FLOODS CAN ONLY BE MANAGED TO

REDUCE FLOOD LOSSES

FLOODS CAN NOT BE ABSOLUTELY

CONTROLLED

FLOODS CAN ONLY BE MANAGED TO

REDUCE FLOOD LOSSES


APPROACHAPPROACH

MODIFY THE FLOODS

MODIFY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE

MODIFY THE LOSS BURDEN

BEAR THE LOSS

MODIFY THE FLOODS

MODIFY THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE

MODIFY THE LOSS BURDEN

BEAR THE LOSS


STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

FLOOD MANAGEMENT

ORGANISATIONS

FLOOD MANAGEMENT

ORGANISATIONS

STATE FLOOD CONTROL DEPARTMENTS

CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION

GANGA FLOOD CONTROL COMMISSION

BRAHMAPUTRA BOARD

MHA - NDM DIVISION

STATE FLOOD CONTROL DEPARTMENTS

CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION

GANGA FLOOD CONTROL COMMISSION

BRAHMAPUTRA BOARD

MHA - NDM DIVISION

STRUCTURAL : PHYSICAL WORKS FOR MEASURES MODIFYING FLOOD MAGNITUDE

( TO KEEP FLOODS AWAY FROM PEOPLE )

NON-STRUCTURAL : PLANNED ACTIVITY TO MODIFYMEASURES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE

( TO KEEP PEOPLE AWAY FROM FLOODS )

STRUCTURAL : PHYSICAL WORKS FOR MEASURES MODIFYING FLOOD MAGNITUDE

( TO KEEP FLOODS AWAY FROM PEOPLE )

NON-STRUCTURAL : PLANNED ACTIVITY TO MODIFYMEASURES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FLOOD DAMAGE

( TO KEEP PEOPLE AWAY FROM FLOODS )

FLOOD MANAGEMENTMEASURESFLOOD MANAGEMENTMEASURES

DAMS & RESERVOIRS

EMBANKMENT

CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT

RIVER DIVERSION

INTER BASIN TRANSFER

ANTI EROSION WORKS

DAMS & RESERVOIRS

EMBANKMENT

CHANNEL IMPROVEMENT

RIVER DIVERSION

INTER BASIN TRANSFER

ANTI EROSION WORKS


STRUCTURAL MEASURESSTRUCTURAL MEASURES

FLOOD FORECASTING & WARNING

FLOOD PLAIN ZONING

FLOOD FIGHTING

FLOOD PROOFING

FLOOD INSURANCE

RELIEF & REHABILITATION

FLOOD FORECASTING & WARNING

FLOOD PLAIN ZONING

FLOOD FIGHTING

FLOOD PROOFING

FLOOD INSURANCE

RELIEF & REHABILITATION


NON STRUCTURAL MEASURESNON STRUCTURAL MEASURES

FLOOD PLAIN ZONINGFLOOD PLAIN ZONINGWATER SUPPLY

FACTORY

POWER HOUSE

UNIVERSITYRESIDENTIAL AREA

GOVT. OFFICE

HOSPITAL

NORMAL CHANNEL

PARK

FREQUENT FLOOD

FLOOD ONCE IN 25 YEARS

FLOOD ONCE IN 100 YEARS

III IIII III I

I

FLOOD PLAIN ZONINGFLOOD PLAIN ZONING

PROHIBITIVEPROHIBITIVERESTRICTIVERESTRICTIVEWARNINGWARNING WARNINGWARNINGRESTRICTIVERESTRICTIVE

II IIII IIIIII IIII II

RIVER CHANNELRIVER CHANNEL

FLOOD FORECASTINGFLOOD FORECASTING

BEGINNING

STARTED BY CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION

YEAR 1958

RIVER YAMUNA

FORECASTING STATION DELHI RAILWAY BRIDGE

BEGINNING

STARTED BY CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION

YEAR 1958

RIVER YAMUNA

FORECASTING STATION DELHI RAILWAY BRIDGE

INDIAINDIA

FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNINGFLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNING

DATA COLLECTION

DATA TRANSMISSION

DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION

DISSEMINATION OF FORECAST

DATA COLLECTION

DATA TRANSMISSION

DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION

DISSEMINATION OF FORECAST

STEPSSTEPS

FLOOD FORECASTING FLOOD FORECASTING

HYDROLOGICAL

RIVER WATER LEVEL

RIVER DISCHARGE

HYDROMETEOROLGICAL

RAINFALL

OTHER RECIPITATION

eg. SNOW, HAIL ETC.

HYDROLOGICAL

RIVER WATER LEVEL

RIVER DISCHARGE

HYDROMETEOROLGICAL

RAINFALL

OTHER RECIPITATION

eg. SNOW, HAIL ETC.

DATA COLLECTIONDATA COLLECTION


WIRELESS

TELEPHONE

FAX

WIRELESS

TELEPHONE

FAX

DATA TRANSMISSIONDATA TRANSMISSION

SATELLITE

TELEGRAPH

TELEX

SATELLITE

TELEGRAPH

TELEX


CORRELATION

MATHEMATICAL MODELS

CORRELATION

MATHEMATICAL MODELS

DATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATIONDATA ANALYSIS & FORECAST FORMULATION


DISSEMINATIONDISSEMINATION

FORECASTFORECAST

CIVIL AUTHORITYCIVIL AUTHORITY

OTHER AGENCIESOTHER AGENCIES

PRESS, A I RDOORDARSHANPRESS, A I RDOORDARSHAN

OTHER USERSLOCAL REPRESENTATIVES

OTHER USERSLOCAL REPRESENTATIVES

FLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNINGFLOOD FORECASTING AND WARNINGPRESENT SYSTEM - SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMPRESENT SYSTEM - SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

WEATHER FORECASTSWEATHER FORECASTS

RIVER STAGE &DISCHARGE ATBASE STATION

RIVER STAGE &DISCHARGE ATBASE STATION

RIVER STAGE &DISCHARGE AT

FORECASTING STATIONS

RIVER STAGE &DISCHARGE AT

FORECASTING STATIONS RAINFALLRAINFALL

F.M. O. OF I.M.DF.M. O. OF I.M.DFLOOD FORECASTINGCENTRES & CONTROL ROOMS

FLOOD FORECASTINGCENTRES & CONTROL ROOMS

FORMULATION OFFORECAST

FORMULATION OFFORECASTC.E., S.E.C.E., S.E.

STATE GOVT.CONTROL ROOM

STATE GOVT.CONTROL ROOM

PRESSPRESS RADIORADIO

P & TP & T

POLICEPOLICE FLOOD COMMITTEEFLOOD COMMITTEE

CIVIL AUTHORITIESCIVIL AUTHORITIES

ENGG. AUTHORITIESENGG. AUTHORITIES

DEFENCEDEFENCE

RAILWAYSRAILWAYS

INDUSTRIESINDUSTRIES

F.M.O OF I.M.DF.M.O OF I.M.D

REGIONAL OFFICESOF I.M.D.




DOORDARSHANDOORDARSHAN

CWC HQCWC HQ MINISTRY OF WRMINISTRY OF WR

FLOOD MANAGEMENT

scope

FLOOD MANAGEMENT

scope

Use of Remote Sensing and GIS

Research and Development

Weather / Rainfall Forecasting

FF Modelling

Capacity Building

International Cooperation

Use of Remote Sensing and GIS

Research and Development

Weather / Rainfall Forecasting

FF Modelling

Capacity Building

International Cooperation

FLOOD FORECASTING NETWORKFLOOD FORECASTING NETWORK

COVERS MAJOR AND INTER STATE RIVER

BASINS.

166 STATIONS :- INFLOW 27 & STAGE 139

COVERS MAJOR AND INTER STATE RIVER

BASINS.

166 STATIONS :- INFLOW 27 & STAGE 139

INDIAINDIA

FLOOD FORECASTING STATIONSFLOOD FORECASTING STATIONS

INDIAINDIA

GANGA B’PUTRA WESTFLOWING

GODAVARI EASTERNRIVERS

KRISHNA MAHANADI BARAK

85

27

17 159 8

3 2

FLOOD FORECASTING STATIONSFLOOD FORECASTING STATIONS

INDIAINDIA

BIHARUP

ASSAMW. B

.AP

ORISSA

GUJARAT

M’R

ASHTRA

KARNA T

AKA

MP

D &

NH

HA

RY

AN

A

35

32

23

1415

11 11

64 3 2 12

NC

T D

ELH

I

42

UTT

AR

AN

CH

AL

JHARKHAND

FLOOD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIESFLOOD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

Pre flood

During flood

Post flood


AN IMPORTANT NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURE.

REGULATES LAND USE IN FLOOD PLAINS TO RESTRICT DAMAGE BY FLOODS.

INVOLVES DEMARCATION OF ZONES IN FLOOD PLAINS COMPATIBLE WITH FLOOD RISKS INVOLVED.

AN IMPORTANT NON-STRUCTURAL MEASURE.

REGULATES LAND USE IN FLOOD PLAINS TO RESTRICT DAMAGE BY FLOODS.

INVOLVES DEMARCATION OF ZONES IN FLOOD PLAINS COMPATIBLE WITH FLOOD RISKS INVOLVED.

CONCEPTCONCEPT


PRIORITY - I

ACTIVITY LIMITED TO WATER LEVELS

CORRESPONDING TO 100 YEARS FLOOD

FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE CONGESTION FOR

50 YEARS RAINFALL.

PRIORITY - I

ACTIVITY LIMITED TO WATER LEVELS

CORRESPONDING TO 100 YEARS FLOOD

FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE CONGESTION FOR

50 YEARS RAINFALL.

ZONE REGULATIONZONE REGULATION


PRIORITY - II

ACTIVITY LIMITED TO LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO

25 YEARS FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE

CONGESTION FOR 10 YEARS RAINFALL

FREQUENCY.

PRIORITY - II

ACTIVITY LIMITED TO LEVELS CORRESPONDING TO

25 YEARS FLOOD FREQUENCY AND DRAINAGE

CONGESTION FOR 10 YEARS RAINFALL

FREQUENCY.



PRIORITY - III

LESS ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN

AREAS VULNERABLE TO FREQUENT FLOODS.

PRIORITY - III

LESS ECONOMIC AND COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN

AREAS VULNERABLE TO FREQUENT FLOODS.


FLOOD MANAGEMENT

FUTURE STRATEGIES

FLOOD MANAGEMENT

FUTURE STRATEGIES

Focused Approach

Basin Wise Action Plan

Flood Plain Zoning

Role of Central Government

Funding of Planned Flood Management Works

Adequacy of Flood Cushion in Reservoirs

Focused Approach

Basin Wise Action Plan

Flood Plain Zoning

Role of Central Government

Funding of Planned Flood Management Works

Adequacy of Flood Cushion in Reservoirs

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Documents

FLOOD S AND FLASH FLOOD S