Florida and Reclaimed Water

December 8, 2016

Kristine Papin Morris, Environmental Administrator,

Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Florida

• In addition, Florida enjoys more than 100 million visitors annually.

• Florida is also home to 9.5 million acres of agriculture.

• “[I]t is the policy of the Legislature that the waters in the state be managed on a state and regional basis.”

2

• Florida has a population of nearly 20 million.

Where do we get our water now?

3

From the USGS, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center, 2012

Florida 2012 Fresh

Groundwater Fresh Surface

Water Total

Freshwater

Public Supply 2,026.03 255.09 2,281.12

Domestic self-supplied

211.35 0.00 211.35

Commercial-industrial-mining,

self-supplied 296.27 84.10 380.37

Agricultural, self-supplied

1,400.36 1,104.94 2,505.30

Recreational-landscape irrigation

196.18 197.62 393.80

Power Generation 36.59 573.95 610.54

Totals 4,166.78 2,215.7 6,382.48

Where do we get our water now?

4

From the USGS, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center, 2012

Florida 2012 Fresh

Groundwater Fresh Surface

Water Total

Freshwater

Public Supply 2,026.03 255.09 2,281.12

Domestic self-supplied

211.35 0.00 211.35

Commercial-industrial-mining,

self-supplied 296.27 84.10 380.37

Agricultural, self-supplied

1,400.36 1,104.94 2,505.30

Recreational-landscape irrigation

196.18 197.62 393.80

Power Generation 36.59 573.95 610.54

Totals 4,166.78 2,215.7 6,382.48

Population & Demand Projections

5

6.44 6.79

7.09 7.43

20 21

23 24

0

1

2

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5

6

7

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9

0

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15

20

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2015 2020 2025 2030

Wa

ter

Dem

an

d (

bg

d)

Water Use (mgd) Population

Projected Water Demand by Sector

6

0

1

2

3

4

2015 2020 2025 2030

Wa

ter

Dem

an

d (

bg

d)

Year

Public Water

Supply

Domestic and Small

Public Supply

Agricultural

Irrigation

Recreational

Irrigation

Commercial/Industr

ial/Institutional

Power Generation

Per Capita

12/1/2016 7

174.5 173.7

133.5

123

106

84.4

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Ga

llo

ns

pe

r d

ay

Public Supply Gross and Domestic (Residential) Per Capita Water Use in Florida

Gross Per Capita

Domestic Per Capita

20-Year Demand Projections

8

Over the next 20 years…

Net Demand Change

Future Demand Not Met

Future Demand Not Met after Conservation

Potential Water from AWS

Projects

Statewide 1,394 mgd 538 mgd 277-331 mgd 1,981 mgd

Alternative Water Supply Projects Funded Between 2005 and 2015

9

283

82

29 23 18

8 1 0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

Reclaimed

Water

Brackish

Groundwater

Surface Water Aquifer Storage

and Recovery

Other Stormwater Sea Water

Nu

mb

er o

f P

roje

cts

NWFWMD

SRWMD

SJRWMD

SWFWMD

SFWMD

Florida’s Reuse Growth

10

2015 Reclaimed Water Utilization by Flow

11

Includes 362,737 residences, 537 golf courses, 1,022 parks, and 369 schools

Map of Per Capita Reuse Flow by County

12

How do we incentivize reclaimed water?

13

Reverse Osmosis system

Stakeholder Recommendations

• Recommendation to look towards developing means to pursue direct potable reuse. • With that came a need to define what direct potable

reuse means?

• What process can Florida follow that is transparent and protective of human health?

• Recommendation to look to use excess surface water and stormwater to supplement reclaimed water systems in way that is protective of human health, but not have unduly burdensome requirements.

12/1/2016 14

• Recommendation to consistently address when reclaimed water is “environmentally, economically, and technically feasible.”

• Recommendation to require reuse in reclaimed water service areas for lawn and landscape.

• Recommendation to find new ways to incentivize expanding reuse service area.

12/1/2016 15

Stakeholder Recommendations

Questions?

16

Questions?

Reuse Policy Recent & Future Developments

David Childs

December 2016

Reuse Policy

• Major Recent Developments

– 2009-2012 Reuse Workgroup Legislation

– Numeric Nutrient Criteria

• Coming Developments

– 2016 Reuse Workgroup

– FWEA Utility Council Policy Recommendations

Recent Reuse Legislation

• SB 550 (2010) – Granted reclaimed water utilities the right to participate in the regional water supply

planning process

– Required water management districts to coordinate with reuse utilities when issuing consumptive use permits to potential reuse costumers

• HB 639 (2012) – Granted local government utilities control over their reclaimed water programs

– Established impact offset and substitution credit incentives for reuse utilities

• These bills focused on reclaimed water as an alternative water supply.

FDEP NNC Rules • FDEP Rule Hierarchical approach: TMDLs, Level II WQBELS…

• Lakes & springs stand alone criteria ≈ EPA numbers

– Springs: 0.35 mg/L-Nitrate

– Lakes: Variable based on color, alkalinity

• EPA stream numbers + “Biological Confirmation”

– Streams are more narrowly defined

• Estuaries

– Existing conditions, TMDLs, & reference sites

• Coastal Waters

– Chlorophyll-a

• Wetlands

– Narrative still applies

20

Irrigation Systems & NNC

• When a utility applies to FDEP for a permit

to construct or modify a facility that provides reclaimed water for irrigation purposes, the utility must provide FDEP with reasonable assurances that the project will not “cause or contribute to violations of water quality standards in surface waters.” Rules 62-610.850(1)(a); 610.800(1), F.A.C.

• “If water quality standards cannot be met, additional treatment or disinfection shall be provided or other operational control measures shall be implemented.” Id. at (1)(d).

Nutrient TMDLS

• Florida already has over 100 nutrient TMDLs

• More coming!

• Allocations among WWTPs, MS4s, Industries, Ag… § 403.067(6)(b), (7)(b)

• Significant nutrient reductions for storm water

– Bayou Chico: 30% TN & TP reductions

– North Escambia Bay: 35% TP reduction

– Hillsborough River (channelized segment): 50% TN & 60% TP reductions

– Lake Dora: 67% reduction in TP

22

2016 Reuse Workgroup

• Reduce Reclaimed Water Discharges

• Increase Reclaimed Water Use

• …but how?

FWEA Utility Council Rec’s

• Optimize Reclaimed Water Infrastructure

• Address Peak Demand Challenges

• Expand Reuse Incentive Policies

• Develop Direct Potable Reuse Program

• Clarify Reuse Feasibility Evaluations

FWEA Utility Council Rec’s

• Improve Reclaimed Water Supply Planning – Require 20-year Regional Water Supply Plans to include

reclaimed water use component.

– Link reuse feasibility studies to the Plans.

– Require evaluation of project’s relationship to TMDL, BMAP, RAP, and MFL implementation; its cost-effectiveness; and its overall water resource benefits.

Need More Information?

David Childs DavidC@hgslaw.com

Hopping Green & Sams 119 S. Monroe Street Suite 300 Tallahassee, FL 32301 (850) 222-7500

Call, email, or stop by my office

Save Our Indian River Lagoon

Project Plan

Virginia Barker, Director

Brevard County Natural Resources Management Department

December 8th, 2016

Florida Stormwater Association Winter Conference

External Pollution Sources

Versus Muck Flux in the IRL

1%

15%

21%

26%

37%

1% 2%

24%

28%

45% Total

PHOSPHORUS

Sources

Total

NITROGEN

Sources

Point Sources Atmospheric Deposition

Stormwater Runoff Groundwater Baseflow

Muck Flux

29

Project Selection

Projects were selected to:

– Maximize nutrient reductions

– Minimize cost

– Reduce risk

– Shorten lag time

– Optimize return on investment

30

Pollutant Sources Addressed in the Save Our Lagoon Project Plan

Fertilizer

Point sources –

reclaimed water

Septic systems

Stormwater

Muck flux

• Atmospheric

31

“Irrigating with reclaimed water containing 9 ppm TN resulted in

turfgrass growth rates similar to those achieved using the

standard UF/IFAS fertilization” (2013 IFAS document #SL389).

Reduce – Reclaimed Water

Nutrients

Reduce – Nutrients in

Reclaimed Water

• 6-9 ppm TN supports sod with minimal leaching

• Higher concentrations leach more nutrients

• Upgrading WWTF effluent treatment to 6-9 ppm TN

may cost-effectively reduce groundwater pollution

33

Facility Cost to

Upgrade

TN Removed

after

Attenuation

(lbs/yr)

Cost/lb/yr

of TN

Removed

City of Palm Bay WRF $1,400,000 17,790 $79

City of Titusville Osprey WWTF $8,000,000 22,988 $348

City of West Melbourne Ray Bullard WRF $6,000,000 5,368 $1,118

Barefoot Bay WRF $6,000,000 3,507 $1,711

North Regional WWTF $6,000,000 1,739 $3,451

Port St. John WWTF $6,000,000 2,037 $2,946

City of Melbourne Grant Street WWTF $6,000,000 1,498 $4,004

Project Plan Summary

34 Project

Category Project Type

Estimated Total

Project Cost

Nitrogen

Reductions

(lbs/yr)

Average

Cost/lb/yr

of TN

Reduce

Fertilizer Management/Public Education $625,000 6,123 $102

WWTF Upgrades for Reclaimed Water $9,400,000 40,778 $214

Septic System Removal $41,764,000 56,509 $852

Septic System Upgrades $22,192,000 27,659 $802

Stormwater Denitrification Projects $10,800,000 118,440 $88

Remove Muck Removal $198,100,000 491,300 $408

Restore Oyster Reef Living Shorelines $10,000,000 21,120 $473

Respond Projects Monitoring $10,000,000 N/A N/A

Total Total $302,881,000 761,929 $398

Integrated Water

Resources

Ed Torres, M.S., P.E., LEED AP

Director of Public Works & Utilities

Overview – A Sustained

Progression

Regional Water Reclamation Facility

• Entire City retrofitted with

reclaimed water lines

• Effluent Disposal Measure –

cutting edge at the time… 30 years

ago!

• Over 100 miles of reclaimed water

mains

• High Service Pumps and Ground

Storage Tanks

• Groundwater and Surface Water

Augmentation

• Wet Weather Discharge…the

Florida Apricot Act of 1994

Reductions in Potable Water Use

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Prior to Urban Use After Urban Use

Reuse Augmentation

Facility

• Insert Map Here

• Integration of Stormwater and

Reclaimed Water

• Virtually eliminates stormwater and

RWRF discharges to the Little

Wekiva River

• Alternative Water Supply: 4.5 MGD

• Estimated nutrient load reduction:

28,043 lbs/yr TP and 62,659 lbs/yr

TN

• BMAP, TMDL, MFLs, Springs and

cost benefits

• Insert Map Here

Source Water

Treatment

Potable Reuse Pilot Project Now and into the future, the City's goal is to maintain a high quality

sustainable water supply for our community. Water supply is not as

abundant as it once was in central Florida.

Altamonte Springs’ service area is within two (2) primary areas

susceptible to groundwater withdrawals as identified by the CFWI

(Central Florida Water Initiative) process.

Increasing regulations further protecting water resources; springs,

streams, lakes, and groundwater aquifer (Minimum Flows and

Levels) can eventually limit additional groundwater pumping. In

fact, it is now known that pumping permits have been issued for an

amount of water greater than what is available in the aquifer

(CFWI) to support the environmental and human water supply

needs.

Increasing population densities in our service area over time will

require more water, more efficient use of water, and an expanded

portfolio of alternative water supplies (groundwater, stormwater,

reclaimed, and, yes, a small portion of potable reuse).

Although Florida has seemingly abundant yearly rainfall totals,

Floridians tend to forget that most of the rainfall water is lost to the

ocean through past "ditch and drain" practices that allowed for the

development of the State. Also forgotten is the fact that Florida has

prolonged droughts (i.e., 1984,1998, 2006, etc.), which combined

with higher demands due to population growth, will require

development of additional water sources.

Potable Reuse Pilot Project

• 20 GPM purified water stream

• Explores treatment trains that could 1) reduce or

eliminate concentrate from RO and 2) reduce

operating costs

• Educational component via Altamonte Springs

Science Incubator (AS2I) reaching 3,300 students

per year

• Water Quality data can be shared with FDEP for

future modification of regulatory framework to allow

direct connection to water distribution syst.

• Provides foundation for larger scalable project

Initial Process

Configuration

Thanks

QUESTIONS?