Florida-Friendly Landscaping Guide to Plant Selection & Landscape

The Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM Guide to

Plant Selection & Landscape Design

A F L O R I D A - F R I E N D LY L A N D S C A P I N G T M P U B L I C AT I O N

Copyright 2010, University of Florida.This publication was funded in part by FDEP with a Section 319 Nonpoint Source Management Program Grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

DISCLAIMER: The mention of a specific product or company is for information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement of that product or company.

WHAT ARE FLORIDA-FR IENDLY LANDSCAPES?

Florida-Friendly Landscapes protect Florida’s unique natural resources by conserving water, reducing waste and pollution,

creating wildlife habitat, and preventing erosion. Any landscape can be Florida-Friendly if it is designed and cared for

according to the nine Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM principles, which encourage individual expression of landscape

beauty. In 2009, the Florida Legislature found that the use of Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM and other water use and

pollution prevention measures to conserve or protect the state’s water resources serves a compelling public interest and

that the participation of homeowners’ associations and local governments is essential to the state’s efforts in water conser-

vation and water quality protection and restoration. Make your landscape a Florida-Friendly Landscape — do your part to

create a more sustainable Florida!

SERVICES

Florida Yards & Neighborhoods is brought to Floridians by the University of Florida/IFAS Extension Service and the Florida

Department of Environmental Protection, in cooperation with the five Water Management Districts. UF/IFAS Extension

offers the public the following services in every county in the state at either no charge or for a minimal fee:

• Workshops and classes

• Plant and landscape advice based on current University of Florida research

• Official yard recognition program

The program also offers online resources, including numerous publications, a tutorial for custom landscape design, and a

plant database.

FLORIDA-FR IENDLY LANDSCAPINGTM PROGRAM OFF ICE

Phone: (352) 273-4518

Web site: http://fyn.ifas.ufl.edu

Please visit our Web site to find your county Extension office.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to the following individuals for helping to produce this document:

Adrian Hunsberger

Alison Fox

Angela Maraj

Barbra Larson

Bart Schutzman

Brian Niemann

Chris Dewey

Claudia Larsen

Crysta Gantz

Dan Culbert

David Sandrock

Dean Rusk

Doug Caldwell

Ed Gilman

Eileen Tramontana

Emily Eubanks

Erick Smith

Erin Alvarez

Esen Momol

Gail Hansen

Gary Knox

Georgia Gelmis

Glenn Acomb

Heather Ritchie

Jane Morse

Jessica Sullivan

Jim Moll

Joan Dusky

Jyotsna Sharma

Kathy Malone

Kim Gabel

Larry Williams

Marguerite Beckford

Mary Duryea

Michael Scheinkman

Michael Thomas

Patty Connolly

Rick Schoellhorn

Sandy Wilson

Sarah Graddy

Stephen Brown

Sydney Park Brown

Sylvia Durrell

Teresa Watkins

Terril Nell

Terry DelValle

Tom MacCubbin

Tom Wichman

Wendy Wilber

A Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM Publication

INTRODUCTION:

What Is a Florida-Friendly Landscape? ............................2

The Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Program ................2

Landscape Design & Plant Selection ................................2

How to Use this Book ......................................................2

THE NINE FLORIDA-FRIENDLY

LANDSCAPING™ PRINCIPLES

#1: Right Plant, Right Place ..............................................3

#2: Water Ef ciently ........................................................3

#3: Fertilize Appropriately ................................................3

#4: Mulch ..........................................................................3

#5: Attract Wildlife ............................................................3

#6: Manage Yard Pests Responsibly ..................................3

#7: Recycle ........................................................................3

#8: Prevent Stormwater Runoff .......................................4

#9: Protect the Waterfront ................................................4

DESIGNING YOUR

FLORIDA-FRIENDLY LANDSCAPE

Introduction ......................................................................5

What if I Live in a Planned Community? ........................5

Design Scenarios:

Scenario A: Front Entry ..............................................6

Scenario B: Along Walls ............................................8

Scenario C: Along Sidewalks ..................................10

Scenario D: Under Windows ....................................12

Scenario E: Along Fences ..........................................14

Scenario F: Under Trees ............................................16

Scenario G: Utilities ..................................................18

Scenario H: Standing Water ......................................20

CONVERTING YOUR YARD

TO A FLORIDA-FRIENDLY LANDSCAPE

Overview of the Step-by-Step Process ............................21

The Florida-Friendly Master Plan ..................................21

The Seven Steps ..............................................................21

ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Form Follows Function ..................................................23

Plant Matchmaking ........................................................23

Wet versus Dry................................................................23

Wind-Wise Plantings ......................................................23

Made in the Shade ..........................................................23

The Lowdown on Turfgrass ............................................23

Natives versus Non-Natives ............................................23

Soil Conditions................................................................23

Plant Selection ................................................................23

Plant Sorting ....................................................................24

Choosing a Landscape Maintenance Service ...............24

LANDSCAPE PLANNING WORKSHEET ....................25

FIVE COMMON GARDENING MISTAKES ................28

FLORIDA-FRIENDLY LANDSCAPING™

PLANT LIST

Introduction ....................................................................29

Key to Symbols and Abbreviations ................................31

Large Trees ......................................................................32

Medium Trees..................................................................38

Small Trees ......................................................................42

Large Shrubs.....................................................................50

Small Shrubs....................................................................64

Vines.................................................................................67

Groundcovers..................................................................70

Grasses ............................................................................74

Palms & Palm-Like Plants .............................................76

Ferns.................................................................................81

Perennials ........................................................................83

Annuals ..........................................................................95

Turfgrass ..........................................................................99

Plant Index ...................................................................100

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

References......................................................................110

Photo Credits ................................................................110

1

FLORIDA-FR IENDLY LANDSCAPING TM GUIDE TO PLANT SELECT ION AND LANDSCAPE DES IGN • 2010

WHAT IS A FLORIDA-FRIENDLY LANDSCAPE?A Florida-Friendly Landscape is a quality landscape that isdesigned, installed, and maintained according to the nineFlorida-Friendly Landscaping™ principles. The nine prin-ciples seek to reduce environmental impact from landscap-ing by properly applying water, fertilizer, and pesticides,creating wildlife habitat, preventing erosion, recyclingyard waste, and employing other practices based onUniversity of Florida research.

Not all Florida-Friendly Landscapes look alike. A widevariety of forms, styles, and types are available to thedesigner. Florida-Friendly Landscapes may incorporateboth native and non-native plants. One Florida-Friendlyyard may use a rain garden to filter stormwater runoff,while another may attract pollinators with specific nectarplants. But if cared for according to the nine principles, aFlorida-Friendly Landscape can produce aestheticallypleasing, low-maintenance results that may add value toyour property while helping to protect the state’s naturalresources.

THE FLORIDA-FRIENDLYLANDSCAPING™ PROGRAMPreserving and protecting Florida’s water resources is thefocus of the Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ (FFL)Program, which promotes the nine principles with publicoutreach and education statewide. The FFL Program is ajoint venture of the Florida Department of EnvironmentalProtection (FDEP) and the University of Florida Instituteof Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS). The FFLProgram works in cooperation with the state’s five watermanagement districts and other agencies and organiza-tions to achieve the common goals of water conservationand water quality protection.

LANDSCAPE DESIGN & PLANT SELECTIONSo, how do plant selection and landscape design con-tribute to saving water and preventing pollution? The firstFlorida-Friendly Landscaping™ principle—“Right Plant,Right Place”—involves designing a landscape efficientlyand choosing plants that fit the site. This helps reducemaintenance inputs, including irrigation, fertilization,mowing, and application of pesticides, which in turn low-ers the risk of pollutants finding their way into ground orsurface waters. Keeping excess nitrogen and phosphorousout of the water improves the health of water bodies andby extension the whole ecosystem. This guide will helpyou to create a landscape that works with the naturalenvironment, rather than against it. Such a landscape, ifmaintained correctly, will require less money, time, andeffort on your part, while still looking healthy and beauti-ful.

HOW TO USE THIS BOOKThe Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Guide to PlantSelection and Landscape Design is intended as a compan-ion to The Florida Yards & Neighborhoods Handbook(4th ed., 2009). The Handbook is available through your county Extension office or online athttp://fyn.ifas.ufl.edu/. The Handbook describes in detailthe nine Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ (FFL) principlesthat are the bedrock of the FFL Program. This guide isintended for homeowners who want to take the next stepand design their own Florida-Friendly Landscapes.Included in this book is information on landscape designstrategies, a landscape planning worksheet, and the FFLPlant List containing many of the UF/IFAS-recommendedFlorida-Friendly plants for each region of the state.

2

Introduction

A Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM Publication3

The nine Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ principles are the cornerstone of the Florida-Friendly Landscaping™Program. Based on UF/IFAS science, the principles teachhomeowners, builders and developers, landscape mainte-nance professionals, and other Florida citizens how toimplement environmentally sound design and maintenancetechniques in their landscapes. The principles are outlinedbriefly here. For more detailed information, please refer tothe FFL state office Web site (http://fyn.ifas.ufl.edu) or toThe Florida Yards & Neighborhoods Handbook.

PRINCIPLE #1: RIGHT PLANT, RIGHT PLACE

Plants well-suited to their site need less irrigation and fertilizerand are more resistant to pest infestation. Florida-FriendlyLandscaping™ principles encourage the selection of the rightplant for the right place, helping you create a healthy, attrac-tive landscape that works with the natural ecosystem ratherthan against it. Match plants with site conditions based onUSDA zone, water and light requirements, soil conditions, saltand wind tolerance, and other factors. The FFL Plant List canhelp you make the right plant selections for your landscape.

PRINCIPLE #2: WATER EFFICIENTLY

Overwatering not only depletes water supplies, it raisesyour water bill and makes landscapes more prone to pestinfestation. If needed, irrigate plants according toUF/IFAS-recommended rates and application schedules,taking into account local restrictions issued by your watermanagement district. Water only when plants show signsof wilt, preferably in the early morning. Check your irriga-tion system regularly for leaks and clogs. Do not water if ithas rained in the past 24 hours, or if rain is forecast in thenext 24 hours. By law you must install, maintain, andoperate a device such as a rain sensor that prevents oper-ation of your automatic irrigation system during periods ofsufficient moisture.

PRINCIPLE #3: FERTILIZE APPROPRIATELY

If fertilization is needed, use UF/IFAS-recommended ratesand application schedules to get a healthier lawn and gar-den. Fertilizing at the correct times and in the correctamounts not only supplies plants with the nutrients they need,it helps prevent fertilizer runoff and leaching that can getinto our water supplies and interfere with ecosystem andhuman health. Fertilizing at the rates recommended by UFscientists helps avoid the excessive growth, pest problems,and higher water requirements that over-fertilization causes.

PRINCIPLE #4: MULCH

Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ methods recommendusing mulch to protect against soil erosion, maintain soilmoisture, inhibit weed growth, improve soil structureand aeration, and reduce pesticide use. A Florida-Friendly Landscape will feature one of the types ofmulch recommended in The Florida Yards &Neighborhoods Handbook in its planting beds.

PRINCIPLE #5: ATTRACT WILDLIFE

Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ encourages Floridians tomake their yards attractive to birds, bees, bats, and othercreatures displaced by rapid urban development. Supplyberry bushes, a bird bath, or a bat house; increase verti-cal layering to provide habitat; manage household petsand reduce insecticide use—all these tricks can welcomewild visitors in need of refuge. Many of these will returnthe favor by eating pest insects and helping to pollinateyour garden!

PRINCIPLE #6: MANAGE YARD PESTS RESPONSIBLY

The Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Program advocates amore holistic approach to pest control than merely spray-ing chemicals. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) createsan effective defense against yard pests while minimizingenvironmental impact. IPM emphasizes smart planning,proper maintenance, and natural or low-toxicity controlsto ensure that plants stay healthy and resist disease andinsect infestation. Chemical treatments may still be neces-sary in some cases, but use of toxic materials will beminimized by this approach.

PRINCIPLE #7: RECYCLE

A Florida-Friendly Landscape recycles yard waste generated by activities like mowing, pruning, and raking.Use these leftovers as mulch or compost, returning valu-able nutrients to your landscape. Save money and enrichyour soil by composting grass clippings, weeds, and planttrimmings and using the compost as an amendment.

The Nine Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Principles


PRINCIPLE #8: MANAGE STORMWATER RUNOFF

A Florida-Friendly Landscape uses porous pavers, rainbarrels or cisterns, rain gardens, and swales and berms tokeep rainwater on site and allow it to percolate into theground or be captured for later use. Reducing the amountof runoff and the chance for rainwater to wash quicklyinto storm drains—carrying yard clippings, fertilizer, pesti-cide, dirt, oil, and other toxins—is the goal of managingstormwater runoff.

PRINCIPLE #9: PROTECT THE WATERFRONT

Implementing Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ design andmaintenance methods helps protect water bodies from pol-lution. If you live on a lake, bay, river, or other waterbody, keep fertilizers, pesticides, and other toxins awayfrom the water by preserving a 10-foot maintenance-freezone between your landscape and the water. Do not mow,fertilize, or apply pesticides in that area. Even if you donot live immediately on the waterfront, the pesticides andfertilizers you apply in your landscape affect the health oflocal water bodies through a drainage system called thewatershed. The choices you make at home have much far-ther-reaching consequences than you might imagine.


Florida-Friendly Landscapes are all based on the samenine principles. But Florida-Friendly Landscaping™encourages individual expression of beauty. As long asyou apply the principles described in The Florida Yards &Neighborhoods Handbook, your landscape can be Florida-Friendly and as individual as you want.

WHAT IF I LIVE IN A PLANNED COMMUNITY?Check with your homeowner association before you makechanges to your landscape. HOAs, usually have a land-scape review board and can regulate the appearance andtypes of plantings in your yard, as long as they do notprohibit you from installing and maintaining Florida-Friendly Landscapes.

If you live in a community with codes, covenants andrestrictions that could be more Florida-Friendly, encour-age your association to adopt all or part of the modelFlorida-Friendly Landscaping™ restrictions, found athttp://fyn.ifas.ufl.edu/.

The Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ Program has a num-ber of “success stories” which highlight water and costs savings for communities that adopt Florida-FriendlyLandscaping™ and maintenance practices. Visit the Website at http://fyn.ifas.ufl.edu/.

DESIGN SCENARIOSThe following eight design scenarios represent selectareas of your home landscape—front entry, under win-dows, utility boxes, etc. Each of these scenarios was cho-sen because of common landscape design issues that con-front a homeowner in these areas.

In each scenario, you will be shown a challenging land-scape situation and learn what could be done to design asolution in a more Florida-Friendly manner. Be awarethat the graphics show the improved landscapes at anearly stage after plant installation. The plants will growand eventually fill in more of the mulched area.

5

Designing Your Florida-Friendly Landscape

CHALLENGES:

• Not enough plant material in beds

• Plants are not in scale with front of house

GOAL:

To create a visually welcoming front entrythrough the use of color, texture, or fra-grance. Be sure to choose plants that are inscale with the size of your lot and house.

Plant Characteristics to Look For:

• Low-growing, compact plants

• Colorful

• Medium or coarse texture

• Bold forms

• Simple growth habit

Design Solutions:

• Place low/small plants next to the walk-way to reduce trimming needs

• Place interesting plants at natural viewpoints

• Use small trees to provide a sense ofscale and visual interest

• Use colorful or fragrant plants to engagethe senses

• Use curved planting beds to draw theviewer’s eye through the landscape


SCENARIO A: FRONT ENTRYTwo design options (With trees, Without trees)

Sidewalk

House

Driveway

Turf

Existing Landscape


SOLUTION 1

With Trees

Sidewalk

House

Sidewalk

House

SOLUTION 2

Without Trees

Turf

Small tree

Colorful plants

Low plants adjacentto sidewalk

Interesting plants atnatural view points

Tall shrub

CHALLENGES:

• Blank wall is not visually pleasing

• Bare walls act as a heat sink during thesummer

GOAL:

To break the monotony of blank walls throughthe use of properly sized foundation plant-ings. Small trees can be used to provide cool-ing benefits as well.


• Low- or medium-height shrubs

• Soft/fine texture

• Loose foliage

• Flexible branches

Design Solutions:

• Place root ball at least 3’ from wall toallow for air flow and maintenance access

• Choose plants with a tidy growth habitand be aware of their mature size toreduce trimming needs

• Choose plants that are color-compatiblewith the wall

• Consider planting small trees to provideshade and cooling benefits

• Use slightly taller plants between windowsto break the monotony of a uniform hedge

• Use shrubs with soft/fine texture and flexi-ble branches for easy pruning and toreduce injury when accessing the wall formaintenance

SCENARIO B: ALONG WALLSTwo design options (With trees, Without trees)

House


Turf

Fence

Existing Landscape

SOLUTION 1

With Trees

House House

SOLUTION 2

Without Trees


Low shrubs

Small tree

FenceTurf FenceTurf

Tall shrub

Medium height shrubs

Groundcover


CHALLENGE:

• Turf is in poor condition

GOAL:

To reduce trimming and maintenance needsadjacent to the sidewalk. A 4’ turf strip orraised edging can be used to keep mulchfrom washing onto the sidewalk.


• Low growing

• Compact growth habit

• Does not attract biting or stinging insects

Design Solutions:

• Reduce trimming and edging needs byplacing plants with clean, compact growthhabits closest to walkways or by using aturf strip of at least 4’ adjacent to thesidewalk

• If a turf strip is not used, consider araised edging to keep mulch off sidewalks

• Avoid plants that attract biting or stinginginsects

• Use plants with interesting textures andcolors for close viewing

SCENARIO C: ALONG SIDEWALKSTwo design options (Turf buffer, Raised edging)

House

Sidewalk

Turf

Fence

Existing Landscape


SOLUTION 1

Turf Buffer Strip

SOLUTION 2

Raised Edging

House

Sidewalk

Turf

Fence

Small tree

4' Turf stripHouse

Turf

Fence

Sidewalk

Compactgroundcover

Raisededging

Interestinggrowth

habit


CHALLENGES:

• Dense plant blocks rear window

• No plant material around front window

GOAL:

To frame windows with plant material to addvisual interest and curb appeal. Alternately,plant material can be used to provide lightscreening of windows to prevent passersbyfrom seeing in through the windows.


• Medium height

• No thorns or stiff leaves

• Loose foliage

• Flexible branches

Design Solutions:

• Avoid blocking views by choosing plantswith medium height and compact growthhabits

• Choose shrubs with a tidy growth habitand allow enough room to access win-dows for cleaning and hanging stormshutters

• Avoid stiff, thorny plants that would pre-vent exiting from windows in an emer-gency situation

• Be aware of the mature size of plants andchoose appropriately

• Use small trees with low canopies if shadeor screening is desired

SCENARIO D: UNDER WINDOWSTwo design options (No screening, Light screening)

House

Sidewalk

Turf

Existing Landscape


SOLUTION 1

No Screening

SOLUTION 2

Light Screening

House

Sidewalk

House

Sidewalk

Turf

Medium height shrub

Low shrubs

Turf

Groundcover

Open shrub


CHALLENGES:

• Bare fence is not visually pleasing

• View from yard needs screening (ex:neighbor’s unsightly yard, road, etc.)

GOAL:

To turn an unsightly view into a visuallypleasing one through the use of colorful vinesand evergreen plants. Be sure to chooseappropriately sized plants for your designintent.


• Dense foliage

• Upright form

• Evergreen

• Fast growing

• Vining

Design Solutions:

• Choose hardy vines with colorful bloomsor pleasant fragrance to hide the fence

• Choose fast-growing plants with densegrowth habits for screening and privacy

• Select evergreen plants for year-round privacy and color

• Use plants with appropriate height toblock unwanted views

SCENARIO E: ALONG FENCESThree design options (Vines, Partial screening, Full screening)

Turf

Fence

Existing Landscape


SOLUTION 1With Vines

SOLUTION 2With Partial Screening

SOLUTION 3With Full Screening

Turf

Fence

Vine

Mulch

Turf

Fence

Mulch

Evergreen tree

Medium height shrub

Mulch

Fence

Turf

Evergreen tree


CHALLENGES:

• Turf is in poor condition

• Plants are too close to trunk

• Mulch area is too small

GOAL:

To create a plant bed that will thrive in shadyconditions where turfgrass will not. Allowingan area to be self-mulched by falling leavesis an excellent low-maintenance solution.


• Shade tolerant

• Shallow roots

• Groundcover with spreading growth habit

Design Solutions:

• Use plants that look good alongside fallenleaves

• Install small plants to avoid root damageto the tree

• In dense shade where plant options arelimited, consider allowing fallen leaves tocreate a self-mulching bed

SCENARIO F: UNDER TREES Two design options (Open canopy, Dense shade)

House

Sidewalk

Turf

Existing Landscape


SOLUTION 1

Open Canopy

SOLUTION 2

Dense Shade

HouseHouse

Sidewalk

Turf

Sidewalk

Turf

Groundcover

Low shrubs

Self-mulching bed


CHALLENGES:

• Utility box is not visually pleasing

GOAL:

To create a plant bed around an unsightlyutility to make it blend into the landscape. Besure to allow room to access the utility whenthe need arises.


• Low/medium shrubs

• Simple growth habit

• Soft foliage

• No flowers/bees

• No thorns

Design Solutions:

• Consult with your local utility companyfor planting regulations around utilities

• Use plants with soft foliage so thebranches can be bent back to allow foraccess

• Don’t try to hide the utility but rather tryto make it blend in with the plant bed

• Consider the mail carrier and meterreader when selecting plants, avoidplants that attract stinging insects andplants with thorns

SCENARIO G: UTILITIES Two design options (Full blend, Partial blend)

Sidewalk

Turf

Utility box

Existing Landscape


SOLUTION 1

Full Blend

SOLUTION 2

Partial Blend

SidewalkSidewalk

Turf

Utility box

Medium height shrubs

Turf

Utility box

Low shrubs

Soft foliage


CHALLENGES:

• Water is slow to drain and collects in low areas

• Compacted soil

GOAL:

To turn low wet areas into rain gardens that willcollect and filter rain water. Rain gardens can beattractive features in dry times as well if appro-priate plant and material selections are made.


• Ability to survive prolonged wet conditions

• Also able to tolerate dry conditions (whenwater is absent)

Design Solutions:

• Consider having the low area(s) excavatedby a professional and use the excess soil tocreate berms around the rain garden

• Use plants that will survive wet (or dry) con-ditions for long periods of time

• Line the bottom of the rain garden withrocks and boulders to provide visual interestduring dry periods

SCENARIO H: STANDING WATER One design option (Rain garden)

SOLUTION 1Rain Garden Water flow

Water flow

Water flow

Rock lining

Existing Landscape


Converting Your Yard to a Florida-Friendly Landscape

A Florida-Friendly Landscape is ecologically sound andcost effective. If you get the chance to design a landscapefrom scratch, you can go Florida-Friendly all at once. Butsometimes it is not practical for a homeowner with anestablished landscape to make the changeover to aFlorida-Friendly design immediately. Converting an estab-lished yard to a Florida-Friendly Landscape can be donemost effectively in about three years and seven steps.

OVERVIEW OF THE STEP-BY-STEP PROCESSFirst, develop a master plan on paper. Second, install anypatios, walkways, or decks (hardscapes). Heavy equipmentand materials used in the construction of hardscapes shouldbe used before planting to avoid crushing the plants. Third,prepare areas to plant trees. Trees should be planted beforeother plants because they require more time to reach a sizethat will provide shade and mulch (leaf litter). The finalsteps in the conversion involve working in small sectionsand installing plant beds and mulch in phases.

THE FLORIDA-FRIENDLY MASTER PLANWhether you are designing a landscape from scratch orconverting to a Florida-Friendly Landscape, create aFlorida-Friendly Master Landscape Plan. This is a com-plete plan for your yard that includes all elements in pre-cise locations and takes into account the nine Florida-Friendly Landscaping ™ principles.

To create the master plan, you may find it helpful to usethe Landscape Planning Worksheet provided in this guideor a similar form. Conduct a site inventory and analysisto determine the opportunities and constraints of youryard. Pay attention to soil type, existing vegetation, shadepatterns, drainage patterns, views, and utility locations.Homeowners should also consider their needs and wants.

Draw the master plan to scale, including property bound-aries from a certified survey, the location of the house andany existing hardscape, and the location of any trees orplants to remain on site. Complete the master plan byadding all proposed plants, hardscapes, and specified con-struction materials. If applicable, check with your HOAbefore beginning the design process, and be sure toobtain final approval from the responsible committee.

Use the nine FFL principles, design elements, and funda-mentals of design described in this guide to create outdoor“rooms” by using pathways, hardscapes, and plants todivide and organize spaces. Also consider the following:

• Proportion: Keep the size of the plants proportional tothe house and yard.

• Variety: Make the yard interesting by having variation inplant sizes (especially heights), color, texture, and shape.

• Composition: Group and arrange plants in overlappingmasses based on the size, form, color, and growingrequirements.

• Emphasis: Use dramatically different plants as focalpoints to attract attention.

THE SEVEN STEPSThe seven-steps described below illustrate the phasedprocess of converting a landscape, including the additionof new hardscape, trees, and Florida-Friendly plant mate-rial to a typical development landscape. If all steps arefollowed, the final product will be a Florida-FriendlyLandscape created over a three-year period.

STEP 1: DEVELOP A MASTER PLANInclude some of the following elements in your Florida-Friendly Master Landscape Plan:

• Turf areas, plant beds, and mulch areas

• Entertainment and circulation areas such as pathways,decks, and patios

• Trees and shrubs (placed for energy efficiency and asscreens/buffers for views)

• Plantings to screen A/C units & utilities

• Concealed work/trash area

• Wildlife habitat plantings

• Garden shed/compost bin

• Cisterns/rain barrels (located by downspouts)

• Rainwater collection areas (low spots or rain gardens)

STEP 2: INSTALL HARDSCAPES (PATIOS, WALKWAYS, DECKS, POOLS, ETC.)• Call before you dig. State law requires that you call

the free Utility Locator Service at 811 at least two full business days before you dig. http://www.callsunshine.com/

• Install all new hardscapes at the same time to savemoney by not destroying plants later.

• Use porous pavers, concrete or gravel, to allowstormwater drainage.

• Use durable materials and, whenever possible, usereclaimed, reprocessed, or recycled-content materials(EDIS pub 1110/EP374).


• Minimize the movement of trucks and equipment inthe yard to avoid soil compaction.

• If using underground irrigation, install the systembefore installing plants.

STEP 3: CREATE NEW TREE BEDS• Mark the edge of the new tree bed with a rope.

• Remove sod or other plant material and till to aeratesoil in tree bed area.

• Put down a 2-3”-thick layer of Florida-Friendly mulchto protect the soil.

STEP 4: INSTALL TREES• Choose healthy trees appropriate for your climate and

conditions (wind, moisture, soil, etc.), and use properinstallation techniques (EDIS pub ENH856/EP112).

• Wind proof by grouping trees together and locate toprovide selective shade.

• Call to locate underground utility lines before digging.

• Install any new trees located near proposed hardscapeafter the hardscape is installed (Step 2).

STEP 5: PREPARE (PHASE I) PLANT BEDS• Consult the master plan to decide where to install the

first planted area. Your choice will be determined byyour needs.

• Remember to leave clear access to the backyard if youdo the front yard first.

• Use boundaries such as walkways, fences, or house cor-ners to determine the extent of the planted area.

STEP 6: INSTALL (PHASE I) PLANT BEDS• Relocate existing plants as indicated on the master plan

and space relocated and new plants accordingly.

• Use proper installation practices for planting (EDIS pubENH856/EP112).

• If you are not installing the plants, hire landscape con-tractors certified in Florida-Friendly Green IndustryBest Management Practices (GI-BMPs).

• Mulch newly installed plants to control weeds andreduce runoff (EDIS pub ENH103/MG251).

• Follow a UF/IFAS-recommended irrigation scheduleuntil plants are established (EDIS pub ENH857/EP113)and then reduce irrigation as needed.

STEP 7: REPEAT STEPS 5 & 6 FOR ADDITIONAL PHASES OF PLANT BEDS• Additional phases of Plant Beds are determined by your

needs. For Phase II , you may choose to plant the areathat is contiguous to the Phase I plants, or you maydecide to plant another area of the garden that is usedoften or for a different purpose.

• Follow the procedures used in Phase I to prepare bedsand install the Phase II plants. If a temporary irrigationsystem was used in Phase I, the system can be relocatedto use in Phase II.

• Remember the plants in Phase II will initially be small-er than the plants in Phase I, but they will quicklycatch up and fill in the space.

• You may want to choose less visible areas for the lastphase(s).

• Again, follow the procedure used in previous phases I and II to prepare and install additional beds.

• Remember the plants in later phases will be smallerthan the plants in the earlier phases, but they will alsoquickly catch up.

• Maintain the yard with Florida-Friendly Landscaping™principles described in The Florida Yards & NeighborhoodsHandbook and in this publication. If you are not main-taining the landscape, hire a landscape contractor who iscertified in the GI-BMPs.

22


Florida-Friendly Landscape design combines art and sci-ence to create functional, attractive, and ecologicallysound surroundings that complement a home or otherstructure. But Florida-Friendly Landscaping™ guidelinesneed not restrict your choices of color, texture, and style.Here are some tips to bear in mind when planning yourlandscape.

FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTIONLandscape designers often recommend grouping plantsinto masses to unify the design of plant beds. Groups ofplants are visually pleasing, and this technique also pro-vides environmental benefits. Trees planted in groups pro-vide more atmospheric cooling than the same number ofevenly spaced, isolated trees and are much better protect-ed in high winds. In addition, trees planted in combina-tion with appropriate shrubs and groundcovers form effec-tive windbreaks and wildlife habitat.

PLANT MATCHMAKINGTurfgrasses and landscape plants have different water, fer-tilizer, and maintenance needs. Group plants in bedsaccording to water requirements to conserve water andmake maintenance easier.

WET VERSUS DRYMany drought-tolerant plants thrive in elevated dry spotsor in windy areas but can quickly succumb to root dis-eases and pest problems if planted in areas that tend tostay wet. Drought-tolerant plants do well in exposed areasand along the unshaded southern or western walls ofbuildings, but you should place plants adapted to wet soilsin low spots, along waterways, and in areas with poordrainage.

WIND-WISE PLANTINGSFlorida winter winds tend to blow from the north ornorthwest. A solid fence or a row of evergreens on thenorth side of a house forms a barrier against cold winterwinds, which can dry and damage plants. In the summer,winds typically originate in the south, so allow coolingbreezes in your outdoor living spaces by keeping tall bar-riers away from the southern edge of your landscape.Since Florida is frequently in the path of hurricanes,choose trees that are known for sturdiness in high winds.

MADE IN THE SHADEPosition trees and shrubs strategically to help cool or heatyour home. Plant deciduous shade trees on the south,east, and west sides of a house to cast shade in summerand allow warming in winter. Tree shade can significantlyreduce air conditioning costs. An air-conditioning system’soutdoor compressor/condenser unit uses less energy whenit is shaded from direct sun during the day, but be carefulnot to block the unit’s airflow. If the warm discharge air

cannot escape, the intake air temperature rises, causingthe unit to operate less efficiently.

THE LOWDOWN ON TURFGRASSHealthy lawns cool and clean the air by absorbing carbondioxide, releasing oxygen, and collecting dust and dirt.They filter stormwater runoff and reduce erosion, glare,and noise. But the many benefits of grass are only realizedwhen it’s cared for and used properly. Grass thrives insunny areas, but most types do not grow well in denseshade. In shady spots, plant shade-tolerant groundcoversinstead of turf.

NATIVES VERSUS NON-NATIVESA common misconception is that Florida-FriendlyLandscaping™ principles dictate the use of only plantspecies native to Florida. In fact, the FFL Program encour-ages a mix of natives and non-natives, depending on whatplants are right for that particular location. “Right Plant,Right Place” governs the selection of plants, bearing inmind the soil, light, water, wind, and other conditions atthat site. Do not forget to consider plant colors, textures,and bloom times. See the IFAS Assessment of Non-nativePlants in Florida’s Natural Areas (http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/assessment/conclusions.html) for a list of invasive speciesthat should be removed where possible and never planted.

SOIL CONDITIONSIt is important to know your soil type before selectingplants for the site. Your landscape may have different soiltypes in different areas. A soil test can tell you the pH ofyour soil and what amendments may be used, such ascompost or manure, to improve or alter your soil condi-tions. If your soil is compacted, as is frequently the caseon new home sites, you should loosen and amend yoursoil as you add planting beds for optimum root health.

PLANT SELECTIONThe choice of plants determines how much maintenance alandscape requires and also how long it lasts. Use thesesteps as a guide to selecting the right plants for the rightplaces in your Florida-Friendly yard.

• Choose low-maintenance plants suited to your site.

• Welcome wildlife.

• Group high-maintenance plants together for greatervisual impact and easier care.

• Eliminate invasive plants.

• Buy quality plants.

• Consider the mature size of the plant.

23

Ecological Considerations


• Avoid monocultures and aim for a mosaic of trees,shrubs, grasses, and groundcovers.

• Plan turf areas to be functional and low-maintenance.

• Use groundcovers on slopes where grass is difficult tomaintain.

• Choose slow-growing plants that will last longer andcreate less work.

• Consider wind tolerance.

• Think of maintenance requirements.

PLANT SORTINGIf you are renovating your landscape, it is wise to keepsome of the plants you already have. Follow these simpleguidelines to sift through your botanical choices.

• Keep healthy plants.

• Discard tightly spaced plants.

• Retain trees with long life spans.

• Save clusters of trees and the plants growing beneaththem.

• Remove unsuitable plants.

• Relocate plantings out from under eaves.

CHOOSING A LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE SERVICEIf you lack the desire or ability to do your own landscapework, you may decide to hire a professional maintenancecompany. Look for companies whose employees haveobtained a certificate of completion in the Florida-FriendlyBest Management Practices for Protection of WaterResources by the Green Industries (GI-BMPs). These profes-sionals will know how to care for your landscape in aFlorida-Friendly manner. In many areas of Florida this train-ing is already mandatory; by January 1, 2014, all commercialfertilizer applicators must have this certificate of completionand the accompanying license from the Department ofAgriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS).

24


This worksheet can be used for both new and established landscapes. By following these steps, you will be on your way to athriving, low-maintenance landscape suited to your climate and needs.

1. Decide why you want to landscape.Most homeowners think of landscaping as a way to add beauty to their home or to improve their property’s resale value. Otherreasons to landscape are more specific, such as enhancing or screening a view, creating a microclimate, or attracting wildlife. Youmay need a play area for your children, or perhaps you would like to entertain family and friends outdoors. Your passion may beraising vegetables or simply savoring a lovely view.

Before you begin, think about how you will use your landscape. Write down as many ideas as possible. It is much easier toremove elements from your plan than it is to add them down the line.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Obtain a soil analysis.Soil plays a big part in any landscape project, influencing what plants will thrive in your yard. Determine your soil’s texture(sandy to clay), and have it tested to determine the pH—the level of acidity or alkalinity. This information will help you decidewhich plants are best suited to the conditions of your yard.

Soil texture: ___________________________________

pH: __________________________________________

Any exceptions? (For example, the place where you want to put a planting bed may have more acidic soil than other areas in thelandscape.)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Draw a site plan. You can use a pencil, ruler and graph paper, or computer software to draw your site plan. Do not worry about getting the scalejust right. If you have a survey of your property, you can copy it and draw on the copies.

Draw your house and existing trees, shrubs, and other plants you want to keep. If you already have an irrigation system, be sureto note its location and various zones. Include permanent features such as utilities, hardscapes like the driveway, and watersources like spigots. See the sample site plan provided for guidance.

25

Landscape Planning Worksheet


4. Inventory your landscape.Walk around your property with your site plan, noting conditions and features that make your yard unique. Does your site callfor plants that are tolerant of cold, wind, full sun, shade, drought, occasional flooding, or salt spray? Be sure to make note of anyparticularly good views that could be enhanced or bad views that need to be screened. See the sample site inventory & analysisprovided for guidance.

What kinds of conditions does your landscape have? ______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Draw an activity diagram.On a clean copy of your site plan, sketch the locations where activities will take place (refer to your answers for step 1). Makesure to consider views. Is there a spot you regularly look at that you want to enhance with plants that attract birds or butterflies?Are there structures or equipment, such as a utility box or shed, which you would like to hide? See the sample activity diagramprovided for guidance.

26


6. Create a landscape plan.Your landscape plan will be guided by the site inventory and analysis and activity maps discussed in steps 4 and 5. Based onthese other two diagrams, determine the types of plants you want in different locations. Do not worry about choosing specificplants yet—just identify where you want trees, shrubs, groundcovers, flowering plants, and grass areas. See the sample landscapeplan provided in the next section for guidance.

THE FLORIDA-FRIENDLY LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN

Now that you have a plan, you can choose plants suited for the conditions in your landscape using the Florida-FriendlyLandscaping™ Plant List beginning on page 29.

27


Avoid these five common mistakes for a more Florida-Friendly Landscape.

1. OVERWATERING: WATERING TO THE POINT OFRUNOFF OR LEACHING

Problem: Creates pest and disease problems, wastes water, and canwash pollutants into water bodies.

Solution: Do not water if it has rained in the past 24 hours, or ifrain is forecast in the next 24 hours. Check your irrigationsystem regularly, make sure you apply only moderateamounts of water, and ensure that your rainfall shutoffdevice is working.

2. OVERPLANTING: DESIGNING A LANDSCAPE WITH MORE PLANTS THAN CAN BE ADEQUATELYSUSTAINED

Problem: Can result in cramped plants more prone to disease.Crowded plantings can also interfere with sidewalk anddriveway access and block views from windows.

Solution: Design landscapes with the plants’ mature sizes in mind. Iflandscapes must look “full” quickly, use plants that arealready at mature or nearly mature size.

3. OVERPRUNING: REMOVING MORE FOLIAGE ORBRANCHES FROM A PLANT THAN IS HEALTHY FOR IT

Problem: Can weaken trees and shrubs, making them more suscep-tible to insect or disease problems.

Solution: Never remove more than 30 percent of the foliage from anornamental plant or shrub at one time. Know the righttime of year to prune your plant, and use plants that arethe right size for the location.

4. FERTILIZING INAPPROPRIATELY: APPLYING MORE FERTILIZER THAN NECESSARY, APPLYING THEWRONG KIND OF FERTILIZER, OR APPLYING IT AT THE WRONG TIME OF YEAR

Problem: Can cause pollution if washed into ground or surfacewater, causing fish kills and unhealthy algal blooms. Canalso burn plant roots.

Solution: Fertilize only when needed, using a fertilizer containingslow-release nitrogen. For turf, do not exceed the rate of 1lb. total N per 1,000 sq. ft. of lawn at each application.Use compost and other soil amendments to supply plantnutrients instead of fertilizing. “Weed and feed” productsare not recommended.

5. USING PESTICIDES INCORRECTLY: APPLYING MORE THAN THE RECOMMENDED AMOUNT OFPESTICIDES, APPLYING THE WRONG PESTICIDES,OR APPLYING THEM TOO OFTEN

Problem: Can cause insects to develop resistance to the chemicalsand may harm beneficial garden insects.

Solution: Use Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for an environ-mentally friendly approach to pest management. Avoidoverwatering and fertilizing inappropriately to help keeppests from becoming a problem.

28

Five Common Gardening Mistakes


USE THE LIST TO CHOOSE PLANTS BASED ON YOURSITE CONDITIONS, FOLLOWING THESE STEPS:

1. Find out and write down the conditions of the bed orother area you want to plant:

• The region of the state you live in. (Check the mapon page 2 and remember that if you live close tothe border of a region, all of the plants listed forthat region may not do well in your area and someof the plants that do well in the next region may dowell in your area.)

• The amount of light the site receives. (Check at various times throughout the day and through theseasons.)

• Soil pH and texture. The pH ranges given in the legend are not absolute, but rather for guidance asto the optimum pH conditions. Some plants may dowell if the pH is slightly higher or lower than those

listed. (Take samples and obtain a soil test throughyour county’s Extension office.)

• Soil moisture (Is it in a high, dry area or a low areawhere water frequently accumulates? To checkdrainage, dig a small hole, add water and see howquickly the water drains – if water stands for morethan 24 hours, consider it a wet site.)

• Exposure to salt spray or salty irrigation water.

• Size of area for plants. (Are there height restrictionssuch as a window nearby or power lines above? Isthe width of the area limited?)

2. Determine the type of plant you want (tree, shrub,etc.) and go to that category on the list.

3. Narrow down the list by choosing plants that matchthe region, light, soil conditions and moisture at thesite.

29

Florida-Friendly Plant List

The plants on this Florida-Friendly Plant List are considered by UF/IFAS horticulture specialists to be well adaptedto growing in Florida landscapes. The plants on this list are not the only plants that can be used in Florida. Contactyour county’s UF/IFAS Extension office to determine if a plant not on the list is suitable for your region.

When planted under appropriate soil, light, and climatic conditions, most plants on the list generally require littlemaintenance compared with other plants. Each plant’s preferred growing conditions (soil pH, soil texture, relativedrought tolerance, soil drainage/moisture, light range, light optimum, and salt tolerance) are included here as aguide to choosing plants for your specific site conditions. Additional information is given on growth rate, matureheight and spread, flowering color and season, value to wildlife, wind resistance and other characteristics helpfulfor plant selection and maintenance.

Many plants listed as Annuals are considered Perennials in some areas of the state and vice versa. The microcli-mate and the amount of care given to the plants will ultimately determine their staying power in the landscape.

See the key to symbols and abbreviations used in the tables for details. Remember to always put the right plant inthe right place by matching each plant’s needs with the environmental conditions found at the site. There may bevariation in some characteristics, especially in the region (north, central or south) of Florida in which plants willgrow. Check with your county’s UF/IFAS Extension office to confirm the appropriateness of specific plants (look inthe government pages of your phone book or see http://solutionsforyourlife.ufl.edu/map for your county’s contactinformation).


4. Further narrow your list to those plants that will fitthe site based on mature height and spread.

5. Consider the need for salt tolerant plants, if applica-ble, and any additional factors you are interested in,such as wildlife value or flower color and season.

For further assistance, contact the Florida Yards &Neighborhoods or horticulture program at your county’sUF/IFAS Extension office.

This list is meant as a guide to start choosing plantsappropriate for your conditions. The absence of a plantfrom this list does not imply that it is not well adapted toFlorida landscape conditions. This list will be updatedperiodically. Please check with your county’s UF/IFASExtension office for future updates.

For additional information and fact sheets on many of theplants on this list, see also http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody/.


KEY TO SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

NATIVE STATUS:Yes = Florida native No = Not a Florida native Var. = Native status depends on species selection

GROWTH RATE, HEIGHT AND SPREAD:Growth rate = Slow or Fast (if no rate is given the plant does not grow exceptionally fast or slow.)

� = mature height in feet � = mature spread in feet

SOIL pH (GIVES THE RANGE TOLERATED BY THE PLANT):= Acid 4.5-5.5 = Slightly acid to slightly alkaline 6.0-7.2= Acid to slightly acid 4.5-6.5 = Slightly acid to alkaline 6.0-8.0= Acid to slightly alkaline 4.5-7.2 = Tolerates any soil pH 4.5-8.0= Slightly acid 6.0-6.8

SOIL TEXTURE:C/L = clay loam S/L = sandy loam S = sandy S/C = sandy clay any = any texture

SOIL MOISTURE:= well drained = wet = medium drained to wet

= medium drained = well drained to medium drained = well drained to wet

DROUGHT TOLERANCE:High, Medium, Low, or None (Note: Both drought tolerance and soil moisture tolerance should be considered, and they are not the same. For example, a plant may toler-ate wet soils and also have high drought tolerance, and another plant may prefer well drained soils but have low drought tolerance.)

LIGHT RANGE AND LIGHT OPTIMUM:

= Full Sun = Partial Shade = Shade = Optimum light conditions

SALT TOLERANCE:H = High M = Medium L-N = Low to None U = Unknown

WILDLIFE:

= Attracts butterflies = Attracts hummingbirds = Attracts other birds

FLORIDA REGION ZONES:Region (includes Florida regions in which plant will grow):

N = North

C = Central

S = South

NORTH

CENTRAL

SOUTH

USDA COLD HARDINESS ZONES:Includes Florida zones only.

USDA cold hardinesszones are listed tothe right of theFlorida Region zones.

N

N

32

N

Acer barbatumFlorida Maple, Southern Sugar Maple

Any

High

L-N

also known as Acer saccharumssp. floridanum; green, springflowers; susceptible to aphidsand cottony maple scale

Acer rubrum Red Maple

Any

Medium

L-N

red, winter through spring flow-ers; red fall foliage; susceptibleto aphids, cottony maple scale,and gall mites; shallow-rooted;does best in rich, organic soils;good for wet sites; medium tolow wind resistance

Betula nigraRiver Birch

Any

Low

L-N

needs soil space for rootexpansion; grows best withhigh soil moisture; chlorosisdevelops in alkaline soil; toler-ates periodic flooding but notlong periods of drought; medi-um to high wind resistance

Yes

Bucida bucerasBlack Olive, Oxhorn Bucida,Gregorywood

25-60� 25-40�

Any

High

H

white, spring flowers; messyfruit and leaves; medium-lowwind resistance; susceptible topests; caution - may be invasivein South Florida

Carya spp.Hickories, Pecan

Any

High

L-N

edible fruit (C. illinoinensis);white/yellow, spring flowers;high wind resistance for C.floridana, medium to high forC. glabra and C. tomentosa,low for C. illinoinensis;susceptible to pests

Chorisia speciosaFloss-silk Tree

Any

High

L-N

rapid grower first few years;deciduous, pink/white, five-petaled fall through winter flow-ers; large roots form at basejust beneath soil

Conocarpus erectusButtonwood, Silver Buttonwood

Any

High

H

white/cream, spring flowers;susceptible to pests; high windresistance; provides cover andnesting for wildlife

Ficus aureaStrangler Fig

Any

High

M

not for small areas; spreadingcanopy shades parks, large yards;may start as epiphyte, killing hosttree (often encircling cabbagepalm); fallen fruits may be messy;medium-low wind resistance, canbe difficult to distinguish from inva-sive species; susceptible to pests

8b-9aReg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

TRE

ES

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

N C S C SYes8-10 Yes8-9a No10b-11

Fast 35-80� 25-35� 40-50� 25-35� Fast 45-60� 35-50�

Yes8b-9aC No9b-11C S Yes10b-11S Yes10b-11S

50-100� 25-70� Fast 35-50� 40-55� 5-50� 15-20� Fast 40-60� 30-50�

LAR

GE

TRE

ES

33

N

N

Fraxinus americanaWhite Ash

Any

Medium

L-N

tolerates occasionally wet soil;does not tolerate compactedsoil; susceptible to ash borer,cankers, and leaf spots; medi-um-high wind resistance

Fraxinus carolinianaPop Ash, Carolina Ash,Water Ash

Any

Medium

L-N

good plant for retention ponds,swales and canal banks; doesbest in rich, organic soils

Fraxinus pennsylvanicaGreen Ash

Any

Medium

L-N

good for shaded areas; medium to low wind resistance;susceptible to pests; does bestin rich, organic soils

Yes

Gordonia lasianthusLoblolly Bay

50-80� 50-80�

C/L

Low

L-N

white, spring through summerflowers; good for retentionpond edges; can tolerate full sun only with sufficientmoisture; does best in rich,organic soils; susceptible tonematodes

Halesia carolinaCarolina Silverbell

Any

Medium

L-N

showy, white, spring flowers;yellow fall foliage with attrac-tive yellow fruit; understory treethat does best in rich, organicsoil; water during drought andavoid compacted soils

Juniperus virginianaRed Cedar

Any

High

H

very similar to Juniperus silicicola but branchesstraighter; provides food forwildlife

Liquidambar styracifluaSweetgum

Any

Medium

M

many cultivars; provides foodfor wildlife; medium to highwind resistance

Liriodendron tulipiferaTulip Poplar, Tulip Tree,Yellow Poplar

Any

Medium

L-N

yellow/orange, spring throughsummer flowers; susceptiblepests and diseases; newly transplanted trees susceptible to leaf yellowing and drop w/o enough moisture; low wind resistance

8 N C N C N CYes8-9 Yes8-9 Yes8-9

30-50� 20-35� 50-100� 30-70� Slow 30-60� 20-30�

Yes8 N Yes8-9C N Yes8-9C N Yes8-9a

20-40� 15-30� Fast 40-50� 10-25� 40-100� 40-60� 80-100� 40-80�

N

34

Litchi chinensisLychee

Fast

Any

Medium

L-N

small, yellow, early spring flowers; edible fruit in June and July; susceptible to scales

Lysiloma latisiliquumWild Tamarind, Bahama Lysiloma

Any

High

H

small, white/pink, springthrough summer flowers; medium to high wind resistance

Magnolia grandiflora and cvs.Southern Magnolia

Any

Medium

H

white/cream, fragrant, summerflowers; attractive red seeds provide food for wildlife; toleratesoccasionally wet soil; high windresistance; leaves and fruit require frequent cleanup; attrac-tive pyramidal growth habit; susceptible to scale

No

Magnolia virginiana and cvs.Sweet Bay Magnolia

20-30� 20-30�

Any

None

L-N

white, spring flowers; small redseeds provide food for wildlife;medium-high wind resistance

Nyssa sylvaticaTupelo, Black Gum

Any

High

M

showy fall color; white, inconspicuous spring flowers;medium to high wind resistance

Persea americana Avocado

Any

Medium

L-N

many cultivars for edible fruit;low wind resistance; susceptibleto pests

Pinus clausaSand Pine

Any

High

H

flammable - in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; trunk is rarelystraight; makes a nice accent ina large scale landscape; seedsprovide food for wildlife

Pinus elliottii var. densaSouthern Slash Pine

Any

High

H

flammable - in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; medium to low windresistance; seeds provide food forwildlife; tolerates occasionally wetsoil; declines if roots and surround-ing areas are compacted or dis-turbed; susceptible to pests

10a-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

TRE

ES

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

S S N C N CYes10b-11 Yes8-9 Yes8-9

Fast 40-60� 30-45� 40-80� 15-40� 40-60� 20-50�

Yes8b-9a No9b-11C S N Yes8-10bC S Yes9-11C S

Slow 65-75� 25-35� Fast 35-40� 25-35� Slow 25-40� 15-25� Fast 75-100� 35-50�

LAR

GE

TRE

ES

35

N

Pinus elliottii var. elliottiiNorthern Slash Pine

Fast

Any

High

H

flammable – in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; medium to low windresistance; seeds provide food forwildlife; tolerates occasionally wetsoil; declines if roots and surround-ing areas are compacted or dis-turbed; susceptible to pests

Pinus glabraSpruce Pine

Any

Medium

L-N

flammable - in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; low wind resistance;declines if roots and surround-ing areas are compacted ordisturbed

Pinus palustris Longleaf Pine

Any

High

L-N

flammable - in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; medium to low windresistance; susceptible to pests;resistant to fusiform rust; toler-ates occasionally wet soil

Yes

Pinus taedaLoblolly Pine

75-100� 35-50�

Any

Medium

M

flammable - in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; fast growing; 3-6"cones; susceptible to pests anddiseases

Piscidia piscipulaJamaican Dogwood, Fish Poison Tree

Any

High

H

deciduous; lavender/whiteflowers; all parts are poisonous;provides food for wildlife

Platanus occidentalisSycamore, American Planetree

Any

Medium

M

needs space; sheds continually;leaves scorch if insufficientwater; susceptible to mites, lacebugs, and anthracnose; goodfor erosion control on streambanks; medium to low windresistance

Quercus acutissima Sawtooth Oak

Any

High

M

provides food for wildlife; toler-ates occasionally wet soil

Quercus albaWhite Oak

Any

Medium

H

provides food for wildlife; notadapted to dry areas; does bestin rich, organic soil; medium tohigh wind resistance

8-9C N N C N CYes8-9a Yes8-9 Yes8-9b

Slow 30-60� 25-40� 60-80� 30-40� Fast 50-80� 30-35�

Yes11S N Yes8b-9aC N No8-9a N Yes8-9C

Fast 30-50� 30-50� Fast 75-90� 50-70� 40-50� 50-70� Slow 60-100� 60-80�

N

36

N

Quercus austrinaBluff Oak

Any

High

L-N

provides food for wildlife;underused tree that is welladapted to Florida

Quercus falcataSouthern Red Oak, Spanish Oak, Turkey Oak

Any

High

M

low wind resistance; providesfood for wildlife

Quercus michauxiiSwamp Chestnut Oak

C/L

Low

L-N

provides food for wildlife; toleratesoccasionally wet soils; in wet soilsrot may be a problem; best in fullsun but tolerates shade whenyoung; tolerant of urban condi-tions; medium to high wind resist-ance; may slow growth of under-story plants

No

Quercus nuttalliiNuttall Oak

40-60� 35-50�

Any

Medium

L-N

provides food for wildlife; tolerates occasionally wet soil

Quercus shumardii Shumard Oak

Any

High

M

provides food for wildlife; tolerates occasionally wet soil;medium to high wind resistance

Quercus virginianaLive Oak

Any

High

H

provides food for wildlife; notfor small lots; susceptible tocaterpillars, root rot and insectgalls; tolerates occasionally wetsoil; high wind resistance

Simarouba glaucaParadise Tree

Any

Medium

H

yellow, summer flowers; medium to high wind resistance; don't plant nearsidewalks and driveways (surface roots)

Swietenia mahagoniWest Indian Mahogany

Any

High

H

medium to high wind resist-ance; tolerates occasionally wetsoil; susceptible to webworms

8-9Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

TRE

ES

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C N C N C NYes8-9a Yes8-9 No8

60-80� 60-70� 50-60� 40-60� 60-80� 35-50�

Yes8-9a N Yes8b-10bC S Yes10b-11S Yes10b-11S

55-80� 40-50� 40-80� 60-120� 30-50� 25-30� Fast 40-75� 40-60�

LAR

GE

TRE

ES

37

N

N

Taxodium spp.Pond Cypress, Bald Cypress

Any

High

M

flammable plant - in wildfireprone areas, plant minimum 30' from buildings; wetlandplant & adapts to dry sites;deciduous; yellow-brown fallcolor; small seeds provide foodfor wildlife; high wind resistance

Ulmus alata Winged Elm

Any

High

M

susceptible to Dutch elm disease; medium to high windresistance

Ulmus americanaAmerican Elm

Any

High

M

long-lived; susceptible to Dutch elm disease; medium to low wind resistance

Yes

Ulmus crassifoliaCedar Elm

50-80� 10-35�

Any

High

M

susceptible to Dutch elm disease and powdery mildew

Ulmus parvifolia and cvs.Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm

Any

High

M

low wind resistance; susceptible to pests and freeze damage in NorthFlorida; tolerates occasionallywet soil; form varies with cultivar

8-10C S N C N C N CYes8-9 Yes8-9 Yes8-9

Fast 45-70� 30-40� Fast 70-90� 50-70� 50-70� 40-60�

No8-9C

40-50� 35-50�

N

38

Avicennia germinansBlack Mangrove

S

None

H

white, year-round flowersattract bees; very good for salty shorelines with full sun;produces pneumatophores(breathing roots) that protrudearound base of tree

Bursera simarubaGumbo Limbo

Any

High

M

susceptible to pests if stressed;high wind resistance

Caesalpinia spp. and cvs.Poinciana

S/L

Medium

M

choose species adapted toregion; do not confuse withDelonix regia; flowers vary

Yes

Carpentaria acuminataCarpentaria Palm

20-30� 10-20�

Any

Medium

L-N

white/cream, spring through fall flowers; toleratesoccasionally wet soil; can cause skin irritation

Carpinus carolinianaAmerican Hornbeam,Musclewood, Ironwood

Any

Medium

L-N

orange/yellow, spring flowers;small enough to plant underpowerlines; seeds and catkinsprovide food for wildlife; excel-lent understory tree; medium tohigh wind resistance

Cassia fistulaGolden Shower

Any

Medium

L-N

yellow, summer flowers; showyblooms; low wind resistance

Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud

Any

High

L-N

cultivars provide variety offoliage and flower color; springflowers; susceptible to pests;beans provide food for wildlife;medium to high wind resistance

Chrysophyllum oliviformeSatinleaf

Any

High

H

fragrant flowers; provides foodfor wildlife; edible fruit; mediumto high wind resistance

9a-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

ME

DIU

MTR

EE

S

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S S C S SYes10b-11 No9-11 No10b-11

20-50� 25-40� 8-35� 10-35� Fast 35-40� 8-10�

Yes8-9aC No10b-11S N Yes8b-9aC Yes10b-11S

20-30� 20-30� Fast 30-40� 25-40� 20-30� 15-35� Slow 30-45� 18-25�

ME

DIU

MTR

EE

S

39

Coccoloba diversifoliaPigeonplum

Fast

S

High

H

white, summer flowers; ediblefruit; susceptible to weevils; provides food for wildlife; compact crown makes it goodfor small areas; medium to highwind resistance; bark peels and becomes showy with age

Cordia sebestenaGeiger Tree

Any

High

H

tolerant of salt or brackishwater; orange, year-roundflowers; foliage may be damaged by geiger beetles;damaged by severe freezes;high wind resistance

Crataegus spp.Hawthorn

Any

High

L-N

provides food and cover forwildlife; flowers vary; best forNorth Florida; many speciesand cultivars

Yes

Cupressus arizonica var. arizonicaArizona Cypress

30-40� 10-20�

S/L

High

U

evergreen; green foliage withsilver/gray shimmer; good asspecimen or windbreak

Delonix regiaRoyal poinciana

Any

High

M

orange/red, summer flowers;medium to low wind resistance;needs large area; caution -may be invasive in SouthFlorida

Elaeocarpus decipiensJapanese Blueberry

Any

High

U

evergreen; pink/white, spring through summer flowers;provides food for wildlife

Ficus citrifolia Shortleaf Fig, Wild Banyan Tree

Any

High

M

edible fruit; lacks aerial roots,but still requires adequate roomfor root development; don’tplant in drainfields due toaggressive roots; can be diffi-cult to distinguish from invasivespecies

Ilex Xattenuata and cvs.East Palatka Holly

Any

Medium

M

may have severe disease problems in central parts of thestate; provides pollen for bees

10a-11S S N C N CNo10b-11 Var.8-9 Yes8-9

Slow 25-30� 20-25� 20-35� 15-40� 30-40� 15-25�

No10b-11S N No8b-10bC S Yes10b-11S N Yes8-10C S

Fast 35-40� 40-60� 30-40� 30-40� Fast 25-50� 30-40� 30-45� 10-15�

N

40

N

Ilex cassine and cvs.Dahoon Holly

Any

Medium

M

white, spring flowers; providespollen for bees and berries forvariety of wildlife; does best inrich, organic soils; high windresistance

Ilex opacaAmerican Holly

Any

High

M

male and female flowersappear on separate trees, bothsexes must be in same neigh-borhood for production ofberries on female plants

Ilex rotundaRound Holly, Roundleaf Holly, Rotund Holly

Any

Medium

L-N

white, spring flowers providepollen for bees; provides foodfor wildlife

Yes

Jacaranda mimosifoliaJacaranda

20-30� 15-20�

Any

High

L-N

lavender/blue, spring throughsummer flowers; messy whenleaves and flowers drop; softwood, breaks easily; low windresistance

Juniperus silicicolaSouthern Red Cedar

Any

High

H

branches drooping; low windresistance; provides food, cover,and nesting for birds; good fordunes; susceptible to pests suchas juniper blight and mites

Lagerstroemia indica, Lagerstroemiaindica Xfauriei, Lagerstroemia faurieiCrapemyrtle

Any

High

L-N

form, size, disease resistance,bloom season, flower and barkcolor vary with cultivar; plant forgood air circulation; high windresistance; susceptible to aphidsand sooty mold; bark peels andbecomes showy with age

Ostrya virginianaAmerican Hophornbeam,American Hornbeam

Any

High

L-N

fall color; nuts provide food for wildlife; medium to highwind resistance

Persea borbonia Red Bay, Bay Oak

Any

High

H

larval food plant for swallowtailbutterflies; insect galls can distort leaves; medium to lowwind resistance

8-10Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

ME

DIU

MTR

EE

S

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C N C S C SYes8-9b No8-11 No9b-11

35-50� 15-25� Slow 20-30� 20-30� Fast 25-40� 45-60�

Yes8a-10bC S N No8-10bC S N Yes8-9aC N Yes8b-11C S

Fast 30-45� 20-30� Fast 10-30� 15-30� Slow 30-40� 25-30� 30-50� 30-50�

ME

DIU

MTR

EE

S

41

N

Persea palustrisSwamp Bay

Any

Medium

L-N

purple fruit; good wetland plant

Podocarpus graciliorWeeping Fern Pine, Weeping Podocarpus

Any

Medium

L-N

grows slower in full shade; high wind resistance

Quercus lyrataOvercup Oak

Any

Medium

L-N

tolerates occasionally wet soil;provides food for wildlife

Yes

Rhizophora mangleRed Mangrove

20-30� 20-30�

Any

Medium

H

yellow, year-round flowers

Tabebuia chrysotrichaYellow Trumpet Tree, Golden Trumpet Tree

Any

Medium

M

yellow, spring flowers; medium to low wind resistance

Tabebuia heterophyllaPink Trumpet Tree

Any

High

M-H

pink/white, spring throughsummer flowers; medium to lowwind resistance; susceptible toholopothrips

Tabebuia impetiginosaPurple Trumpet Tree

Any

High

M

showy, pinkish-purple, springflowers; medium to low windresistance

Zanthoxylum clava-herculisHercules’ Club

C/L

Low

U

deciduous; spines; host plantfor Giant Swallowtail butterfly;white, spring flowers

8-10C S C N C SNo9b-11 Yes8-9a Yes10-11

Slow 30-50� 25-35� 30-40� 30-40� 20-40� 30-40�

No9B-11C S No9B-11C S No9b-11C S N Yes8-9bC

25-35� 25-35� 20-30� 15-25� 12-18� 10-15� 15-30� 10-20�

S

42

Acacia farnesianaSweet Acacia

Slow

S/C

High

M

also known as Acacia smallii;yellow, year-round flowers;thorny; tolerates occasionallywet soil; provides food andcover for birds and insects;don't plant next to sidewalk

Aesculus paviaRed Buckeye, Florida Buckeye

Any

Medium

M

attractive bark; red, springflowers; tolerates occasionallywet soil; poisonous seeds

Aralia spinosaDevil’s Walkingstick

Any

Medium

L-N

also known as Angelica spinosa; small, white, springthrough summer flowers; purplish berries provide foodfor wildlife; sharp thorns; tolerates occasionally wet soil;can sucker to produce a thicket

Yes

Ardisia escallonioidesMarlberry, Marbleberry

10-25� 15-25�

S/L

High

H

fragrant, white, year-roundflowers; attractive foliage;round purple fruit provide foodfor wildlife mostly in fall andwinter; good for screens andhedges

Arenga engleriFormosa Palm, Dwarf Sugar Palm

Any

None

L-N

red/orange/green, spring flowers; grows in clusters

Baccharis halimifoliaGroundsel Bush, Sea Myrtle, Salt-bush

Any

Medium

M

feathery, white, fall flowers;poisonous seeds; useful for wetsites such as retention pondsand ditches; can spread fromseed

Butia capitataPindo Palm, Jelly Palm

Any

High

M

edible fruit used for jelly; provides food for wildlife; looksbest in full sun; white flowers;susceptible to pests; high windresistance

Calliandra spp. and cvs.Powderpuff

Any

High

L-N

pink/white, fall through springflowers; only Calliandrahaematocephala assessed asnot a problem

9-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

SM

ALL

TRE

ES

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N N C C SYes8-9a Yes8-9a Yes9-11

15-20� 15-25� 10-25� 6-10� 10-20� 3-12�

No9a-11C S N Yes8-10C S N No8b-11C S No9b-11C S

Slow 6-10� 10-16� 8-12� 6-12� Slow 15-25� 15-25� Fast 10-15� 8-15�

SM

ALL

TRE

ES

43

N

Callistemon spp.Bottlebrush

S/L

High

M

red, spring through summerflowers; medium to low windresistance; attracts beneficialinsects; only C. citrinus, C.rigidus, C. viminalis assessed as not a problem

Camellia japonica Camellia

Any

Medium

L-N

many cvs. with a variety offlower colors; up to 6 inches, inwinter through spring; suscepti-ble to scales, aphids, chewinginsects and fungus; requiresacid soil and has problems ifpH is too high

Camellia sasanquaSasanqua, Sasanqua Camellia

Any

Medium

L-N

some groundcover cvs. available; fall through winterflowers, colors vary; susceptibleto scales, mites, aphids andchewing insects; requires acidsoil and has problems if pH istoo high

No

Canella winteranaWild Cinnamon, Cinnamon Bark

6-30� 6-15�

S/L

High

H

purple, summer flowers

Capparis cynophallophoraJamaica Caper Tree, Mustard Tree

Any

High

H

purple/white, spring flowers

Cephalanthus occidentalisButtonbush

Any

None

L-N

flammable plant - in wildfireprone areas, plant minimum 30'from buildings; attracts insects;white, spring flowers; good forretention ponds/swales/canalbanks; well adapted to disturbedsoils

Cephalotaxus harringtoniaJapanese Plum Yew,Harrington Plum Yew

S

Medium

L-N

dark green foliage; suitable foruse as a hedge or specimenplant

Chamaerops humilisEuropean Fan Palm

Any

High

M

clumping palm; yellow, summerflowers; pest sensitive; very coldhardy; low maintenance com-pared to other palms; petioleswith sharp teeth

8b-11C S N C N C SNo8-9 No8-9 Yes10b-11

Slow 10-20� 10-20� Slow 3-15� 5-10� Slow 10-30� 10-30�

Yes10-11S N Yes8-11C S N No8-9C N No8-11C S

Slow 6-20� 6-15� 6-20� 6-8 � Slow 3-10� 5-10� Fast 5-15� 6-15�

44

N

Chionanthus retususChinese Fringetree

Slow

S

Medium

L-N

white, spring through summerflowers; grows very slowly, usually 4 to 10 inches per year,but can grow a foot per year if given rich, moist soil andappropriate fertilization

Chionanthus virginicusFringetree

Any

Medium

L-N

showy, white, spring flowers;flowers best in sun; pest sensitive; tolerates occasionallywet soil; medium to high windresistance

Citharexylum spinosumFiddlewood

Any

High

H

also known as Citharexylumfruticosum; white, fragrant flow-ers all year; provides food forwildlife; useful as a tall hedge

No

Coccoloba uviferaSeagrape

15-30� 10-12�

S

High

H

deciduous with continual leafdrop; fragrant, white, springflowers; provides food for largewildlife; susceptible to weevils;grows as shrub on coastaldunes and as tree inland; medium to high wind resistance

Cordia boissieri White Geiger, Texas Olive

Any

High

M

white, year-round flowers

Cornus foeminaSwamp Dogwood, StiffDogwood, Stiff Cornel

Any

Low

L-N

white, spring flowers; blueberries provide food forwildlife; larval food plant forspring azure butterfly; susceptible to borers

Cornus floridaFlowering Dogwood

Any

Medium

L-N

prefers deep, rich, well–drainedsandy or clay soils and has amoderately long life; roots rot in soils without adequatedrainage; susceptible to pestsand disease

Cyrilla racemifloraTiti, Swamp Cyrilla,Leatherwood

Any

Medium

L-N

white, spring through summerflowers; wetland plant; good for edges of retention ponds;attractive to bees

8Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

SM

ALL

TRE

ES

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

N C S C SYes8-9 Yes10-11 Yes9-11

Slow 12-20� 10-15� 15-25� 8-15� 3-35� 10-50�

No9a-11C S N Yes8-10C S N Yes8-9a N Yes8b-10aC

Slow 15-20� 10-15� 10-16� 10-16� 25-30� 25-30� Fast 10-30� 6-15 �

SM

ALL

TRE

ES

45

N

Dodonaea viscosaHopbush, Varnish Leaf

S/L

High

H

yellow, summer through fallflowers; showy, colorful fruit

Eriobotrya japonica Loquat

Any

Medium

M

white, fall through winter flowers; medium to low windresistance; susceptible to pests;caution - may be invasive inCentral and South Florida

Eugenia spp. (natives only)Stoppers

Any

High

H

flowers vary; needs little atten-tion once established; nativesare E. axillaris, E. foetida, E.rhombea, and E. confusa; E.axiliaris, E. confusa, E. foetidahave high wind resistance

Yes

Forestiera segregataFlorida Privet

10-18� 6-15�

S/L

High

H

semi-evergreen to evergreen;yellow, early spring flowers;great hedge plant; providesfood for wildlife; flowers attractinsects

Ilex X‘Mary Nell’Mary Nell Holly

S/C

Medium

M

white; spring flowers; importantsource of pollen for bees

Ilex X‘Nellie R. Stevens’ Nellie R. Stevens Holly

S/C

Medium

M

white, spring flowers; important source of pollen forbees; provides food for wildlife

Ilex cornuta and cvs.Chinese Holly, Horned Holly

Any

High

M

susceptible to tea scale, espe-cially in cool, shady areas; pro-vides food for wildlife; manycultivars available; importantsource of pollen for bees

Ilex deciduaPossumhaw

Any

High

U

small, white, spring flowers;small orange/red fruit providefood for wildlife; be sure to purchase female trees for fruitproduction

9-11C S N C S C S N C SNo8-11 Yes9-11 Yes8b-11

20-30� 30-35� 10-30� 5-20� 4-15� 3-12�

Yes8-9C N Yes8-9C N No8-9C N Yes8-9a

10-20� 10-15� 15-25� 10-12� 8-25� 8-25� Slow 10-15� 10-15�

N

46

N

Ilex glabraGallberry

Slow

Any

Medium

M

flammable plant - in wildfireprone areas, plant minimum30' from buildings; white,spring flowers; black fruit pro-vides food for wildlife in latefall and winter; good for wet-land/pine areas; high wind

Ilex vomitoria and cvs.Yaupon Holly

Any

High

H

flammable, in wildfire prone areas,plant minimum 30' from buildings;white, spring through summer flow-ers; red fruit on female plants pro-vides food for wildlife in late fall andwinter; ‘Pendula’ - FNGLA Plant ofthe Year, 2005; high wind resistance;can sucker to produce a thicket

Illicium spp.Star Anise

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen, yellowish–white orgreenish–white flowers

Yes

Jatropha integerrimaPeregrina

6-8� 8-10�

Any

High

L-N

scarlet, year-round flowers; poisonous; susceptible to pestsand disease; sensitive to frost

Ligustrum japonicum and cvs.Ligustrum, Japanese Privet

Any

Medium

H

white, summer flowers; suscepti-ble to pests and diseases; usedas hedge; thins at bottom unlessin full sun

Magnolia Xsoulangiana and cvs.Saucer Magnolia

Any

Low

L-N

many cultivars; pink/white/lavender, fragrant, winterthrough spring flowers; susceptible to pests; medium to high wind resistance

Magnolia figoBanana Shrub

Any

Medium

U

also known as Michelia figo;light-yellow, spring through earlysummer flowers; fragrance simi-lar to ripening cantaloupes orbananas; generally used asspecimen plant; susceptible toscale and mushroom root rot

Musa spp. Banana

Any

Low

L-N

edible fruit; showy purple or orange flowers; needs regular watering; susceptible to disease, pests, and frost

8-10aReg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

SM

ALL

TRE

ES

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C S N C C SYes8-10 Var.8-9 No9b-11

15-30� 6-20� 10-15� 6-15� 8-15� 5-10�

No8-10bC S N No8-9aC N Yes8-10C No9b-11C S

8-12� 15-25� 20-25� 15-25� 10-20� 6-15� Fast 7-30� 10-15�

Plumeria rubra Frangipani, Nosegay, Templetree

Any

High

H

fragrant, showy, spring throughfall flowers; susceptible tofrangipani caterpillar; needscold-protected spot if grown incentral Florida

Podocarpus macrophyllus and cvs.Podocarpus

S/C

High

H

dark green, evergreen leaves;small, purple, fruit on femalesprovide food for wildlife; highwind resistance; mildly suscepti-ble to pests and diseases; somemagnesium deficiency on sandysoils

No10b-11S N No8b-11C S

Slow 20-25� 20-25� Slow 30-40� 20-25�

SM

ALL

TRE

ES

47

N

Myrcianthes fragransSimpson’s Stopper, Twinberry

Any

High

H

edible fruit; white, fragrant,year-round flowers; red berriesprovide food for wildlife; tolerates occasionally wet soil;needs little attention once established

Myrciaria caulifloraJaboticaba, Brazilian GrapeTree, Brazilian Grape

Any

Medium

L-N

edible, black fruit; white flowers, time of floweringdepends on cultivar

Myrica cerifera and cvs.Wax Myrtle

Any

Medium

H

flammable, in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; silver berries found onfemale plants only; susceptible todisease; good hedge plant; pro-vides food and cover for wildlife;medium to low wind resistance,can sucker to produce a thicket

Yes

Olea europaeaOlive

6-30� 15-20�

S/L

Medium

M

makes a great landscape plant;requires a pollinator to fruit

Osmanthus americanusWild Olive, Devilwood

Any

Medium

H

white, fragrant, spring flowers;provides food for wildlife

9b-11C S S N C S N C SNo10b-11 Yes8-10 No8-11

Slow 15-40� 15-40� Fast 10-40� 20-25� Slow 25-50� 35-50�

Yes8-9C

15-25� 10-15�

N

48

N

Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw Plum

Any

High

M

white, winter flowers; reddishplums provide food for wildlife;medium to high wind resist-ance; can sucker to produce athicket

Prunus campanulataTaiwan Cherry

Any

Medium

U

small pink, late winter flowers;small fruit provides food forwildlife; susceptible to tentcaterpillar

Prunus umbellataFlatwoods Plum

Any

Medium

L-N

white, spring flowers; purpleplums provide food for wildlife;edible fruits, ranging from verytart to sweet; susceptible to tentcaterpillars; can sucker to pro-duce a thicket

Yes

Quercus geminataSand Live Oak, Small Sand Live Oak

12-20� 15-20�

S/L

High

H

high wind resistance; good indune areas; provides food forwildlife; FNGLA Plant of theYear 2008

Raphiolepis spp. and cvs.Indian Hawthorn

Any

High

M

flowers vary; provides food forwildlife; use disease-resistantcvs., plant in full sun; suscepti-ble to disease

Senna polyphyllaDesert Cassia

S/L

Medium

H

yellow, summer flowers; shouldnot be confused with Sennapendula

Sideroxylon spp. (natives only)Buckthorn

Any

High

H

good coastal or dune plant;select species based on region,soil texture, and drainage; flow-ers vary

Sophora tomentosaNecklace Pod

S/L

High

H

evergreen shrub; weepingshape; yellow, year-round flowers; seeds are poisonous;provides food for wildlife

8-9Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

SM

ALL

TRE

ES

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C N N C N C SNo8-9a Yes8-9 Yes8-10a

12-20� 15-25� 12-20� 12-20� 35-50� 45-60�

No8-9C No10a-11S N Yes8-11C S Yes10-11S

2-10� 2-6� Fast 6-10� 6-8� 50-75� 35-50� 6-10� 8-12�

SM

ALL

TRE

ES

49

N

Tabebuia aureaSilver Trumpet Tree, Yellow Tab

Any

High

M

yellow, winter through springflowers; flowers emerge afterleaves drop; not wind resistant

Tecoma stansYellow Elder, Yellow Trumpetbush

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen; bell-shaped, fragrant, yellow summerthrough winter flowers; produces non-edible brownfruit; FNGLA Plant of the Year, 2005

Viburnum obovatum and cvs.Walter’s Viburnum

Any

High

L-N

No

Viburnum odoratissimumSweet Viburnum

15-25� 10-15�

Any

Medium

L-N

Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabukiAwabuki Viburnum

Any

Medium

L-N

also known as Viburnumawabuki; fragrant, small white,spring flowers; red/black fruitprovides food for wildlife; takeswell to pruning; used forhedges; susceptible to pests anddisease

Viburnum rufidulumRusty Blackhaw, Southern Blackhaw

Any

High

H

scarlet to purple fall foliage;clusters of small, white, springflowers; small black fruit pro-vides food for wildlife; toleratesoccasionally wet soil; will nottolerate compacted soils

10-11S C S N C S N C SNo9b-11 Yes8-10 No8b-10a

Fast 10-20� 8-15� 8-25� 6-10� Fast 15-30� 15-25�

No8-10bC S N Yes8b-9a

Slow 15-20� 15-20� Slow 20-25� 20-25�

white, winter through springflowers; small black fruit pro-vides food for wildlife; providesnesting cover for wildlife; cansucker to produce a thicket;dwarf cvs. are 2' to 4' tall

white, spring flowers; susceptible pests and disease;often grown as a hedge; thinsin shaded sites

50

N

Abelia XgrandifloraGlossy Abelia

S/C

Medium

L-N

fine textured, semi-evergreen;red-tinged leaves; pink/white,spring through fall flowers;doesn’t flower in the shade

Acacia farnesianaSweet Acacia

S/C

High

M

also known as Acacia smallii;yellow, year-round flowers;thorny; tolerates occasionallywet soil; provides food andcover for birds and insects;don’t plant next to sidewalk

Acalypha wilkesianaCopper Leaf

Any

Medium

U

provides continuous color in thelandscape; heart-shaped leavesin varying mottled combinationsof colors; susceptible to pests

No

Acca sellowianaPineapple Guava, Feijoa

6-10� 6-10�

S/C

High

L-N

also known as Feijoa sellowiana;red/white, spring flowers; oftenused as a hedge; providesfood/cover/nesting for wildlife

Acrostichum danaeifoliumLeather Fern

Any

Low

M

large fern; good for wet sites in shaded landscape; prolonged sunlight, especiallyin the summer, can burn foliage

Agarista populifoliaPipestem, Fetterbush,Doghobble

S/C

Medium

L-N

evergreen, creamy white, fragrant spring flowers

Agave spp. Century plant, Agave

S

High

H

dramatic foliage and form;evergreen, silver/gray to blue-green foliage; showy,green-brown fruit; sharp spines;choose species adapted to climate

Allamanda neriifoliaBush Allamanda, Bush Trumpet

Any

Medium

L-N

bright yellow, trumpet-shaped,year-round flowers; bleedswhite milky sap if stems arebroken; makes an open hedge;attractive to birds and butter-flies

8-9Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C C S S N C SYes9-11 No10b-11 No8-11

Slow 10-25� 15-25� Fast 8-12� 6-8� 8-15� 8-15�

Yes9-11C S N Yes8-9C N Var.var.C S No9-11C S

4-8� 3-5 � 8-12� 5-10� Slow 3-6� 3-10� Fast 5-15� 4-10�

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

51

N

N

Aloysia virgataSweet Almond Bush

Any

High

U

evergreen; white, fragrant, sum-mer through fall flowers

Aralia spinosaDevil’s Walkingstick

Any

Medium

L-N

also known as Angelicaspinosa; small white, springthrough summer flowers; purplish berries provide foodfor wildlife; spiny stems; toler-ates occasionally wet soil

Ardisia escallonioidesMarlberry, Marbleberry

S/L

High

H

fragrant, white, year-roundflowers; attractive foliage;round, purple fruits providefood for wildlife, mostly in falland winter; good for screensand hedges

No

Asimina spp. Pawpaw

6-12� 6-12�

S

Medium

L-N

deciduous; species needs vary,choose based on conditions;flowers vary; larval food plantfor zebra swallowtail butterfly;does not transplant well

Baccharis halimifoliaGroundsel Bush, Sea Myrtle, Salt-bush

Any

Medium

M

feathery, white, fall flowers;poisonous seeds; useful for wetsites such as retention pondsand ditches; can spread bysuckers from roots

Bambusa spp. (clumpingtypes only)Bamboo

Any

Medium

M

choose species adapted to conditions; bamboo growsaggressively; should not beplanted near lakefronts orstreams

Barleria micansYellow Shrimp Plant

Any

Medium

U

evergreen shrub with uprightgrowth that terminates in flattish spikes that producelobed, bright, yellow flowers;provides food for wildlife

Berberis julianaeWintergreen Barberry,Julian’s berberis

Any

Medium

M

evergreen; yellow, winterthrough spring flowers; red fruit;adaptable to a wide range ofsoil conditions but does best inrich, organic soil; requires prun-ing to maintain best form; spiny;good hedge or barrier plant

8-11C S N C C S N C SYes8-9a Yes9-11 Var.8-10

10-25� 6-10� 10-20� 3-12� 15-20� 15-20�

Yes8-10C S N No8-11C S No10-11S N No8-9a

8-12� 6-12� 3-100� 2-20� Fast 4-5� 4-5� Slow 4-6� 2-5�

52

N

Berberis thunbergiiJapanese Barberry, Crimson Pygmy

Any

Medium

L-N

fall color; white, spring flowers;good hedge or barrier plant;persistent red fruit; susceptibleto disease

Brugmansia XcandidaAngel’s Trumpet

Any

Low

L-N

flowers hang from stems andbranches and drape the plantwith color; good specimen tree;susceptible to pests and dis-eases

Brunfelsia grandifloraYesterday-Today-and-Tomorrow

Any

Medium

L-N

white/purple, spring throughfall flowers

No

Buddleia lindleyanaButterfly Bush, Lindley’s Butterfly Bush

2-8� 4-6�

Any

Medium

M

deciduous, non-fragrant, purple/violet flowers; excellentfor butterflies; aggressive suckering and spreads throughrunners

Calliandra haematocephalaRed Powderpuff

Any

High

L-N

possible cold damage fromfreezing temperatures; largefragrant flower blooms duringwarm months; susceptible topests

Callicarpa americanaBeautyberry

Any

High

L-N

deciduous; purple/light purplespring through fall flowers;attracts wildlife; small purplishfruits provide food for wildlifein late winter; need to pruneold wood since flowers and fruitare produced on new growth

Callistemon spp.Bottlebrush

S/L

High

M

red spring though summer flowers; medium to low windresistance; attracts beneficialinsects; check with your localExtension office before finalspecies selection

Calycanthus floridusCarolina Allspice, Eastern Sweetshrub

Any

Medium

L-N

good screen; red, springthrough summer flowers withstrawberry-like fragrance; doesbest in rich, organic soil

8-9aReg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

S N C S N CNo10b-11 No8b-11 No8-9

8-14� 10-15� 7-10� 5-8� Fast 4-6� 4-6�

No9-11C S N Yes8-10C S N No8b-11C S N Yes8-10aC S

6-8� 8-12� 6-8� 6-8� 6-30� 6-15� Slow 6-9� 6-12�

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

53

N

N

Camellia japonicaCamellia

Slow

Any

Medium

L-N

many cultivars; flowers up to 6 inches, in winter throughspring, color variable; susceptible to pests and diseases; requires acidic soiland has problems if pH is too high

Camellia sasanquaSasanqua, Sasanqua Camellia

Any

Medium

L-N

some groundcover cultivarsavailable; fall through winterflowers, color variable; suscepti-ble to pests; requires acidic soiland has problems if pH is toohigh

Capparis cynophallophoraJamaica Caper Tree, Mustard Tree

Any

High

H

purple/white, spring flowers

No

Carissa macrocarpaNatal Plum

10-20� 10-20�

S

High

H

also known as Carissa grandiflora; edible fruit; white,fragrant year-round flowers

Cephalanthus occidentalisButtonbush

Any

None

L-N

flammable, in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; attracts insects; white,spring through summer flowers;grows well in wet areas such asdetention ponds or drainage ditch-es; well adapted to disturbed soils

Cephalotaxus harringtoniaJapanese Plum Yew,Harrington Plum Yew

S

Medium

L-N

dark green foliage; suitable foruse as a hedge or specimenplant

Cestrum aurantiacumOrange Jessamine

Any

Medium

M

yellow/orange, spring throughsummer flowers

Chrysobalanus icacoCocoplum

Any

Medium

H

white, year-round flowers; edible fruit; good hedge orscreen plant; purple “plums”provide food for wildlife; highwind resistance

8-9C N C S C SNo8-9 Yes10-11 No9-11

Slow 3-15� 5-10� Slow 6-20� 6-15� 2-20� 2-20�

Yes8-9C N No8-9C No9-11C S Yes10-11S

6-20� 6-8 � Slow 3-10� 5-10� Fast 4-10� 6-8� 3-30� 10-20�

54

Citharexylum spinosumFiddlewood

Any

High

M

also known as Citharexylumfruticosum; white, fragrant,year-round flowers; providesfood for wildlife; useful as a tallhedge

Clethra alnifoliaSweet Pepperbush

Any

Medium

M

white, fragrant, summer flowers; attracts bees and otherwildlife; grows well in wet areas

Coccoloba uviferaSeagrape

S

High

H

deciduous with continual leafdrop; fragrant, white, springflowers; provides food for largewildlife; susceptible to weevils;grows as shrub on coastaldunes and as tree inland; medi-um to high wind resistance

Yes

Cocculus laurifoliusLaurelleaf Snailseed, CarolinaCoralbead, Cocculus

15-25� 8-12�

Any

High

M

spreading growth habit; yellowflowers

Codiaeum variegatumCroton

Any

Low

L-N

wide variety of leaf color andshape; white/yellow, summerflowers; susceptible to pests

Conocarpus erectusButtonwood, Silver Buttonwood

Any

High

H

white/cream, spring flowers;silver leaved form more suscep-tible to sooty mold and insectproblems; do not plant in marlsoil; high wind resistance; provides cover for wildlife

Cordyline spp. & cvs. exceptCordyline guineensisTi plant

Any

Varies

V

growing conditions vary byspecies; flowers vary; cold sensitive; check with your localExtension office before finalspecies selection

Crataegus spp.Hawthorn

Any

High

L-N

provides food and cover forwildlife; flowers vary; best fornorth Florida; many speciesand cultivars

10-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

S N C C S C SYes8-9 Yes9-11 No9a-11

4-8� 4-8� 3-35� 10-50� 12-18� 18-20�

No10b-11S Yes10b-11S No10-11S N Var.8-9C

3-8� 3-6� 5-50� 15-20� Fast 3-10� 2-4� 20-35� 15-40�

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

55

N

N

Cyrilla racemifloraTiti, Swamp Cyrilla,Leatherwood

Fast

Any

Medium

L-N

white, late spring through summer flowers; wetland plant;good for edges of retentionponds; attractive to bees

Duranta erectaGolden Dewdrop,Pigeonberry; Skyflower

Any

High

L-N

also known as Duranta repens;showy, lavender/blue/white,summer through fall flowers;poisonous fruit; susceptible topests; irritating sap; thorns;may spread aggressively

Erythrina herbaceaCoral Bean, Cherokee Bean

S/L

High

M

scarlet, tubular, spring flowers;flowers attractive to humming-birds; showy, pod-shaped fruit

Yes

Eugenia spp. (natives only)Stoppers

10-30� 6-15�

Any

High

H

flowers vary; needs little atten-tion once established; nativesare E. axillaris, E. foetida, E.rhombea, and E. confusa; E.axiliaris, E. confusa, E. foetidahave high wind resistance

Fatsia japonicaJapanese Aralia, Paperplant

Any

Medium

L-N

creamy, white, winter flowers;too much sun eventually kills the plant

Forestiera segregataFlorida Privet

S/L

High

H

yellow, early spring flowersattract insects; great hedge; fruitprovides food for wildlife

Galphimia glauca Thryallis, Rain-of-Gold

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen shrub; yellow,year-round flowers; susceptibleto caterpillars and mites

Gardenia jasminoidesGardenia, Cape Jasmine

Any

Medium

L-N

also known as Gardeniaaugusta; white, fragrant springthrough summer flowers; useonly grafted varieties due tonematode susceptibility; suscep-tible to scales; use iron fertilizerto keep green

8b-9C C S N C S C SNo9b-11 Yes8-11 Yes9-11

4-18� 10-15� 5-10� 8-12� 10-30� 5-20�

No8-11C S N Yes8b-11C S No9b-11C S N No8-10C S

5-8� 3-10� 4-15� 3-12� 5-9� 4-6� 4-8� 4-8�

N

56

N

Halesia dipteraTwo-wing Silverbell

S/L

Medium

U

deciduous tree; showy, bell-shaped, white, spring flowers

Hamamelis virginianaCommon Witchhazel

Any

Medium

L-N

cream/yellow, fall flowers; gallsform on leaves; plant suckersfreely from the base

Hamelia patensFirebush, Scarletbush

Any

Medium

L-N

orange/red, year-round flowers; susceptible to pests;foliage usually more attractivein shade but flowers best insun; tolerates occasionally wetsoil; dies back in freezes butreturns

Yes

Heptapleurum arboricolaDwarf Schefflera

20-30� 20-30�

S/L

High

M

evergreen; dark green foliage;orange/yellow winter fruit; susceptible to scale

Hibiscus spp.Hibiscus, Mallows

S/L

Medium

V

select species based on siteconditions; spring through fallflowers, color varies; somehibiscus injured by freezes inNorth Florida; susceptible topests

Hydrangea arborescensWild Hydrangea

None

U

deciduous; white, summer flowers; oval, serrate, darkgreen leaves; blooms on newseason's growth; susceptible todisease

Hydrangea macrophyllaHydrangea, Bigleaf Hydrangea,French Hydrangea

Any

Medium

L-N

white/pink/purple, springthrough summer flowers; susceptible to pests; toleratesoccasionally wet soil

Hydrangea quercifoliaOakleaf Hydrangea

Any

Medium

L-N

pink, summer flowers; goodflowering shrub for shade; tolerates occasionally wet soil

8Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

N C S C SYes8 Yes9-11 No9-11

20-30� 15-25� Fast 5-20� 5-8� 10-15� 6-15�

Yes8-11C S N Yes8-9C N No8-9aC N Yes8b-9C

4-12� 3-10� 6-10� 6-10� 6-10� 6-10� 6-10� 6-8�

Any

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

57

N

N

Ilex X‘Mary Nell’Mary Nell Holly

S/C

Medium

M

white, spring flowers; importantsource of pollen for bees

Ilex cornuta and cvs.Chinese Holly, Horned Holly

Any

High

M

susceptible to tea scale, especially in cool, shady areas;fruit provides food for wildlife;important source of pollen forbees

Ilex vomitoria and cvs.Yaupon Holly

Any

High

H

flammable, in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; white, spring throughsummer flowers; red fruit providesfood for wildlife in late fall-winter;’Pendula’ was FNGLA Plant of theYear, 2005; high wind resistance;can sucker to produce a thicket

Yes

Illicium spp.Star Anise

10-20� 10-15�

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen, yellowish–white orgreenish–white flowers

Itea virginicaVirginia Willow, Virginia Sweetspire

S/L

Medium

L-N

white, spring through summerflowers; grows well in wet areassuch as detention ponds, swalesand canals

Jasminum mesnyiPrimrose Jasmine, Japanese Yellow Jasmine

Any

Medium

L-N

rambling, evergreen; will climb like vine if given support;fragrant, yellow flowers; diesback in freeze, may come back

Jasminum multiflorumDowny Jasmine

Any

Medium

L-N

white, fragrant, year-roundflowers; dies back in freeze,may come back; susceptible topests; sprawling form

Jasminum nitidum Star Jasmine, Shining Jasmine

S/L

Medium

L-N

evergreen to semi-evergreenvine or shrub; white, fragrant,spring through summer flowers

8-9C N C N C S N CNo8-9 Yes8-10 Var.8-9

15-25� 15-25� 15-30� 6-20� 10-15� 6-15�

Yes8-9C N No8-10C S No9b-11C S No9-11C S

Slow 3-8� 2-4� Fast 5-10� 2-5� Fast 5-10� 5-10� Fast 10-20� 5-10�

N

58

Jatropha integerrimaPeregrina

Any

High

L-N

scarlet, year-round flowers; poisonous; susceptible to pestsand disease; sensitive to frost

Juniperus chinensis and cvs.Chinese Juniper, Japanese Juniper

S

High

M

flammable, in wildfire pronearea, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; does not tolerate wetfeet; good pollution tolerance;susceptible to pests and dis-ease; size and form vary withcultivar

Ligustrum japonicum and cvs.Ligustrum, Japanese Privet

Any

High

H

white, summer flowers; susceptible to pests and diseases; used as hedge; thinsat bottom unless in full sun

No

Loropetalum chinense and cvsLoropetalum, Chinese Fringe Bush

8-15� 5-10�

Any

Medium

L-N

white/pink, spring flowers; sizevaries; susceptible to pests anddiseases; in high pH soils mayhave minor element deficiencies

Lyonia ferrugineaRusty Lyonia

S

High

L-N

evergreen, white/pink, springflowers; rusty pubescence present on all parts of the plant

Mahonia bealei Oregon Hollygrape

Any

Medium

M

also known as Berberis bealei;yellow, fragrant, winter throughspring flowers; glossygrey/green leaves, holly-likeappearance; purplish-blueberries provide food for wildlife

Malvaviscus arboreusTurk’s cap

Any

Medium

L-N

red/white, warm season flowers; possible cold damagein North Florida

Murraya paniculataOrange Jessamine,Orange Jasmine, Chalcas

Any

High

L-N

white, fragrant, year-roundflowers; good container plant;often used as a hedge; providesfood for wildlife; susceptible topests

9b-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C N C S N CNo8-9 No8-10b No8-9

2-60� 2-25� 8-12� 15-25� 6-15� 8-10�

Yes8-10C S N No8-9a N No8b-11C S No9b-11C S

Slow 10-20� 4-10� Slow 5-10� 3-4� Fast 6-12� 3-5� Slow 8-12� 8-15�

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

59

N

Musa spp.Banana

Fast

Any

Low

L-N

edible fruit; showy purple ororange flowers; needs regularwatering; susceptible to dis-ease, pests, and frost

Myrcianthes fragransSimpson’s Stopper, Twinberry

Any

High

H

edible fruit; white, fragrant,year-round flowers; red berries provide food forwildlife; tolerates occasionallywet soil; needs little attentiononce established

Myrica cerifera and cvs.Wax Myrtle

Any

Medium

H

flammable, in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; susceptible to disease;good hedge plant; provides foodand cover for wildlife; mediumto low wind resistance, can sucker to produce a thicket

No

Nerium oleanderOleander

7-30� 10-15�

Any

High

M

good, low maintenance plantfor coastal areas; susceptible tooleander caterpillar; poisonous

Osmanthus americanusWild Olive, Devilwood

Any

Medium

H

white, fragrant, spring flowers;provides food for wildlife

Osmanthus fragrans Tea Olive, Fragrant Olive,Sweet Osmanthus

Any

Medium

L-N

white, fragrant, fall throughspring flowers; susceptible topests

Philadelphus inodorusEnglish Dogwood

Any

High

U

deciduous; white, spring flowers

Philodendron bipinnatifidumSelloumTree Philodendron

Any

Medium

L-N

large, deeply divided, drooping leaves; green, year-round flowers; susceptibleto freeze damage; toleratesoccasionally wet soil

9b-11C S C S N C S N C SYes9b-11 Yes8-10 No9-11

6-30� 15-20� Fast 10-40� 20-25� Fast 4-18� 3-15�

Yes8b-9C N No8b-9C N Yes8-9aC N No8b-11C S

15-25� 10-15� Slow 15-30� 15-20� Fast 10-12� 6-10� Fast 6-12� 10-15�

60

N

Philodendron cvs.Philodendron

Fast

Any

Medium

L-N

select species based on siteconditions; check with yourlocal Extension office beforefinal species selection

Pittosporum tobira cvs.Pittosporum

S/L

High

H

dark, glossy leaves; white, fragrant, spring flowers

Podocarpus graciliorWeeping Fern Pine, WeepingPodocarpus, Weeping Yew

Any

Medium

L-N

grows slowly in full shade; highwind resistance

No

Podocarpus macrophyllusand cvs.Podocarpus

1-12� 2-15�

S/C

High

H

dark green, evergreen leaves;small, purple, fruit on femalesprovide food for wildlife; highwind resistance; mildly suscepti-ble to pests and diseases; somemagnesium deficiency on sandysoils

Psychotria nervosaWild Coffee

Any

Medium

M

shiny, dark green foliage;white, spring through summerflowers; susceptible to pests; redfruit provides food for wildlife

Rhamnus carolinianaCarolina Buckthorn

Any

High

U

bright green, deciduous leaves, turn orange/red beforedropping; inconspicuous,green/white, summer flowers;black fruits provide food forwildlife

Rhododendron austrinumFlorida Flame Azalea

Any

Medium

L-N

yellow/orange, clustered springflowers

Rhododendron canescensPinxter Azalea

Any

Medium

L-N

pink/white, spring flowers;prefers well drained soil thatretains moisture

8b-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C S C S N C SNo8-11 No9b-11 No8b-11

8-12� 12-18� 30-50� 25-35� Slow 30-40� 20-25�

Yes10b-11S N Yes8-9bC N Yes8-9C N Yes8-10aC S

4-10� 4-10� 12-15� 10-15� Slow 6-10� 4-8� Slow 8-12� 6-10�

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

61

N

N

Rhododendron cvs.Azalea

Slow

Any

Medium

L-N

choose species based on siteconditions; flowers vary

Sabal minorDwarf Palmetto, Blue-stem Palmetto

Any

High

M

blueish green, fan shaped leaves;small, white flowers; blackberries provide food for wildlifein fall; difficult to transplant;good understory plant; prefersmoist soils but tolerates drier con-ditions after establishment

Senna bicapsularisChristmas Senna, Butterfly Bush

Any

Medium

L-N

susceptible to freeze damageand pests; susceptible to cater-pillar damage; larval food plantfor various sulphur butterflies;should not be confused withSenna pendula

Var.

Senna polyphyllaDesert Cassia

3-12� 3-10�

S/L

Medium

H

yellow, summer flowers; shouldnot be confused with Sennapendula

Severinia buxifoliaBoxthorn

Any

High

L-N

dense, low-branching, compact,evergreen; small, oval, glossy,dark green leaves; slender,thorny branches; small, fra-grant, white, spring throughsummer flowers; susceptible tofreeze damage

Strelitzia nicolaiGiant Bird of Paradise, White Bird of Paradise

Any

Low

L-N

large, banana-like leaves,blue/white, year-round flowers;susceptible to scales when aircirculation is inadequate;foliage may tear in the wind

Suriana maritimaBay Cedar

S/L

High

H

evergreen, tiny, gray/greenleaves; yellow, year-round flowers; commonly found growing in thickets, on sanddunes, and rocky shores

Tabernaemontana divaricataCrape Jasmine, Pinwheel Flower

Any

Low

L-N

evergreen, white, ruffle-edged,summer flowers that arefragrant at night; susceptible topests and diseases

8-10C N C S N C S SYes8-11 No8-11 No10a-11

Slow 4-9� 4-8� Fast 6-12� 6-12� 6-10� 6-8�

Yes8b-10C S No9-11C S Yes10b-11S No9b-11C S

Slow 5-12� 3-6� Fast 20-30� 15-20� 5-20� 5-8� Fast 6-10� 3-6�

62

Tecoma stansYellow Elder, Yellow Trumpetbush

Fast

Any

Medium

L-N

yellow, summer through winterflowers; FNGLA Plant of theYear, 2005; susceptible tofreeze damage

Ternstroemia gymnantheraCleyera, Ternstroemia

Any

Medium

L-N

dense, unusually dark greenfoliage; yellow to dark red fruit;white, fragrant, spring flowers;good as a hedge

Thunbergia erectaKing’s Mantle, Bush Clock Vine

Any

Medium

L-N

purple, year-round flowers;good as a hedge

No

Tibouchina urvilleanaPrincess Flower, Glory Bush, Lasiandra

10-20� 8-15�

S/L

High

L-N

evergreen; dark green, velvety,leaves; purple, year-round flow-ers; FNGLA Plant of the Year in2005

Tibouchina granulosaPurple Glory Tree

S/L

Medium

U

evergreen; dark green, velvetyleaves; purple, year-round flow-ers

Vaccinium arboreumSparkleberry

Any

Medium

L-N

deciduous; white, spring flow-ers; showy fall color; toleratesoccasionally wet soil; providesfood and cover for wildlife;attracts pollinating insects

Viburnum obovatum and cvs.Walter’s Viburnum

Any

High

L-N

white, winter through springflowers; small black fruit pro-vides food for wildlife; providesnesting cover for wildlife; cansucker to produce a thicket;dwarf cvs. are 2' to 4' tall

Viburnum odoratissimumSweet Viburnum

Any

Medium

L-N

white, spring flowers; suscepti-ble to pests and disease; oftengrown as a hedge; thins inshaded sites

9b-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C C S C SNo8-9 No9-11 No9b-11

12-20� 5-10� Fast 4-6� 5-8� Fast 10-15� 10-15�

No10b-11S N Yes8-10bC N Yes8-10C S N No8b-10aC S

Fast 15-20� 15-20� 12-18� 10-15� 8-25� 6-10� 15-30� 15-25�

LAR

GE

SH

RU

BS

63

N

N

Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabukiAwabuki Viburnum

Slow

Any

Medium

L-N

also known as Viburnumawabuki; fragrant, small white,spring flowers; red/black fruitprovides food for wildlife; takes well to pruning; used forhedges; susceptible to pests and disease

Viburnum rufidulumRusty Blackhaw, Southern Blackhaw

Any

High

H

scarlet to purple fall foliage;clusters of small, white, springflowers; small black fruit pro-vides food for wildlife; toleratesoccasionally wet soil; does nottolerate compacted soils

Viburnum suspensumSandankwa Viburnum

Any

Low

M

pink/white, winter throughspring flowers

No

Vitex agnus-castusChaste Tree

15-20� 15-20�

Any

High

M

deciduous; multi-stemmedshrub; purple, summer flowersprovides food for wildlife

Yucca spp.Yucca

Any

High

Var

choose species based on siteconditions; white, springthrough summer flowers

8-10bC S N C N C S N C SYes8b-9 No8-10 No8-11

Slow 20-25� 20-25� 6-12� 6-12� Fast 10-20� 15-20�

Var.8-11C S

3-30� 3-15�

64

N

Aloe spp.Aloe

Any

High

H

choose species based on siteconditions; flowers vary; susceptible to freeze damage

Acalypha hispidaChenille Plant, Red-hot Cattail

Any

Medium

L-N

upright, course-textured shrub;red, showy flowers duringwarm months droop in cattail-like, pendant clusters up to 18 inches in length; susceptibleto pests especially in partialshade

Breynia distichaSnowbush

S/L

Medium

L-N

slender, red branches with variegated foliage; good speci-men or accent shrub; redberries; susceptible to pests

No

Brunfelsia americanaLady of the Night

1-3� 1-3�

Any

High

L-N

evergreen; fragrant, white flowers

Caesalpinia spp. and cvs.Poinciana

S/L

Medium

M

choose species adapted toregion; do not confuse withDelonix regia; flowers vary

Calliandra emarginataPink Powderpuff

Any

High

L-N

red/pink, spring through fallflowers

Carissa macrocarpaNatal Plum

Any

High

H

also known as Carissa grandi-flora; edible fruit; white, fragrant year-round flowers

Gamolepis spp.Bush Daisy

Any

Medium

L-N

finely-divided leaves with fern-like appearance; yellow,year-round flowers

8-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

SM

ALL

SH

RU

BS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S C S C S SNo10-11 Yes10-11 No9b-11

Fast 4-6� 6-8� 5-8� 4-7� 4-6� 3-4�

No9-11C S No10-11C S No9-11C S N No8b-11C S

8-35� 10-35� 6-10� 10-15� 2-20� 2-20� 2-4� 3-4�

SM

ALL

SH

RU

BS

65

N

Ixora coccineaIxora

Any

Medium

L-N

dark green, glossy leaves; colorful year-round flowers

Lantana depressaWeeping Lantana, Pineland Lantana

S/L

Medium

H

small, yellow, year-round flowers; susceptible to pests;berries are poisonous

Leucophyllum frutescensTexas Sage, Texas Ranger,Silverleaf, Barometer Bush

S

High

M

semi-evergreen shrub;white/pink/lavender/blue flowers after summer rains;prefers dry, hot sites; doesn'tlike fertilizer or compost

No

Lyonia lucidaFetterbush, Shiny Lyonia

10-15� 4-10�

S/L

High

L-N

evergreen; white/pink springflowers; leaf spotting may occur

Mahonia fortunei Fortune’s Mahonia, ChineseMahonia, Holly Grape

Any

Medium

M

also known as Berberis fortunei;yellow year-round flowers; wellsuited as foundation plant onnorth or east side of a building

Malpighia coccigeraMiniature Holly

Any

Medium

M

pink, spring through summerflowers; red berries; sensitive topests

Pyracantha coccineaFirethorn

Any

Medium

L-N

white, showy flowers;red/orange fall and winterfruit; works well as freestandingspecimen plant; can beespaliered or trained onto atrellis; susceptible to pests anddiseases

Raphiolepis spp. and cvs.Indian Hawthorn

Any

High

M

flowers vary; provides food forwildlife; use disease-resistantcvs., plant in full sun; suscepti-ble to disease

9b-11C S N C S N C N CYes8-11 No8b-10a Yes8-9

Fast 3-6� 3-6� 3-5� 3-5� 3-15� 2-5�

No8b-9 No10b-11S N No8-9C N No8-9C

Slow 3-5� 3-5� Slow 2-5� 4-6� 10-15� 8-12� 2-10� 2-6�

66

N

Rosa spp. Rose

Fast

Any

Medium

M

flowers vary; susceptible topests and diseases

Rosmarinus spp.Rosemary

S/L

High

M

evergreen herb with aromaticneedle-like leaves; flowers vary

Russelia equisetiformisFirecracker Plant, Coral Plant

Any

High

M

multi-branched shrub; rush-likestems; red year-round flowers;susceptible to pests

Var.

Russelia sarmentosaFirecracker Plant

1-20� 2-8�

S/L

Medium

U

red, summer flowers; providesfood for wildlife

Sabal etoniaScrub Palmetto

S/L

High

M

small, white, spring throughsummer flowers; small, blackberries in summer through fallprovide food for wildlife; long-lived; difficult to transplant

Spiraea spp.Reeve’s Spirea, Bridal Wreath

Any

Medium

L-N

deciduous; white, spring flow-ers; check with your localExtension office before finalspecies selection

Strelitzia reginaeBird of Paradise

Any

High

L-N

large leathery leaves are heldupright on stiff stalks;orange/blue striking flowers;susceptible to pests; toleratesoccasionally wet soil

8-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

SM

ALL

SH

RU

BS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C S C S N C SNo8-11 No9b-11 No8b-11

3-6� 4-5� 3-5� 6-12� Fast 3-4� 2-4�

Yes9-11C S N No8-9C No10-11S

Slow 4-6� 4-6� 3-5� 3-4� 3-5� 2-4�

VIN

ES

67

Allamanda catharticaYellow Allamanda

Fast

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen; yellow, trumpet-shaped, year-round flowers; allplant parts are poisonous

Aristolochia spp.Dutchman’s Pipe, Pipevine

S

Medium

L-N

tender evergreen vine;white/purple, summer throughwinter flowers; larval food plant for several swallowtailbutterflies

Aster carolinianusClimbing Aster

Any

Medium

L-N

also known as Ampelaster carolinianus, Symphyotricumcarolinianum; lavender, fallflowers

No

Bignonia capreolataCross Vine, Trumpet Flower

1-20� 1-20�

Any

High

M

fast-growing, high-climbingvine; orange/red, trumpet-shaped, spring flowers

Bougainvillea cvs.Bougainvillea

S/L

High

M

evergreen, shrubby vine;pink/yellow/orange, year-round flowers; large spines;susceptible to freeze damage

Campsis radicansTrumpet Creeper, Trumpet Vine

Any

Medium

L-N

brilliant orange, summer flowers

Decumaria barbaraClimbing Hydrangea, Wood Vamp, Cow Itch Vine

S/L

Medium

L-N

white, spring flowers

Ficus pumilaCreeping fig

Any

High

L-N

dense grower; needs no support to adhere to walls,which may cause maintenanceproblems; well suited forgroundcover, and hanging basket use

9-11C S C S N C S N C SVar.9-10 Yes8-10b Yes8-10

Fast 10-15� 10-15� 1-12� 2-4� Fast 1-50� 1-50�

No9b-11C S N Yes8-10aC S N Yes8-9aC N No8-11C S

Fast 4-40� 15-40� Fast 1-40� 1-40� 1-60� 1-60� 1-40� 1-40�

68

N

Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina Jessamine, Yellow Jasmine

Fast

Any

Low

L-N

evergreen; yellow, tubular, winter through spring flowers;rapid growth when established;poisonous

Hedera canariensis Algerian Ivy, Canary Ivy

Any

Medium

M

distinctive, red leaf stems; beautiful, thick, leatheryfoliage; rapid growth rate,watch for aggressive spread;rich groundcover in the shade

Hedera helixEnglish Ivy

Any

Medium

L-N

bold leaves provide dark greenmat of foliage; tenacious aerialroots guide the plant up treetrunks, walls, or trellises; rapidgrowth rate; watch for aggres-sive spread

Yes

Ipomoea spp. (natives only)Morning Glory

20-40� 20-30�

Any

High

M

flower color varies; can spreadeasily; provides food for wildlife

Jasminum multiflorumDowny Jasmine

Any

Medium

L-N

white, fragrant, year-roundflowers; dies back in freeze,may come back; susceptible topests; sprawling form

Lonicera sempervirens Honeysuckle, Coral Honeysuckle

Any

Medium

M

dark green, smooth leaves; red, spring through summerflowers; fruit provides food forwildlife; susceptible to freezedamage

Mandevilla cvs.Pink Allamanda, Mandevilla

Any

Medium

L-N

twining evergreen vine; many cultivars; pink/white,year-round flowers

Millettia reticulataEvergreen Wisteria

S/L

Low

M

deciduous in North Florida;glossy, leathery textured leaves;purple, summer through fallflowers

8-9Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

VIN

ES

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C N C S N C N C SNo8b-10 No8-9 Yes8-11

Fast 1/2 -1� 1-6� Fast 1-2� 2-5� Fast 10-20� 10-40�

No9b-11C S N Yes8-9C No9b-11C S No9-11C S

Fast 5-10� 5-10� Fast 10-15� 10-15� 1-10� 1-10� Fast 12-15� 10-12�

VIN

ES

69

N

Pandorea jasminoidesBower Vine

Fast

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen; maintains an open,fine-textured effect; 2 inchwide, white, pink-throated,summer through winter flowers

Passiflora incarnataMaypop, Passion Vine

Any

High

M

evergreen; pink/purple, summer through fall flowers;larval food plant of zebra longwing, gulf fritillary, andvariegated fritillary butterflies;tolerates occasionally wet soil

Petrea volubilisQueen’s Wreath

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen; purple, spring flowers

No

Quisqualis indicaRangoon Creeper

1-20� 1-20�

Any

Medium

L-N

1" flowers turn from white topink or pink to deep red,blooms in spring through fall;good for fences, pergolas, andsmall buildings; susceptible topests

Thunbergia alataBlack-Eyed Susan Vine

S/L

Low

L-N

perennial; yellow, summer flowers

Trachelospermum jasminoidesConfederate Jasmine, Star Jasmine

Any

Medium

L-N

white, fragrant, showy, springflowers; susceptible to diseases

Wisteria frutescensAmerican Wisteria

Any

Medium

L-N

lavender, fragrant, springthrough summer flowers; poisonous parts

9b-11C S N C S S SYes8b-11 No10b-11 No10a-11

Fast 5-10� 5-10� Fast 30-40� 30-40� Fast 1-40� 1-40�

No8-11C S N No8-10C S N Yes8-9C

Fast 5-10� 5-10� Fast 1-40� 1-40� Fast 10-20� 6-12�

N

70

N

Ajuga reptansBugleweed, Carpet Bugleweed

Fast

Any

Medium

L-N

purple/blue, spring throughsummer flowers; spreads quick-ly; many cultivars; susceptible todisease

Anthericum sanderiSt. Bernard’s Lily

Any

Medium

U

white, spring flowers

Arachis glabrataPerennial Peanut

S

High

H

yellow/orange, summerthrough fall flowers; no nitrogenfertilizer needed; may spreadaggressively; withstands foottraffic; damaged by frost inNorth and Central Florida

No

Ardisia japonicaJapanese Ardisia

1/2 -1� 1-2�

Any

Low

U

shiny, leathery, dark greenleaves; pink/white, 5-petaled,spring flowers; small, red, winter fruit

Aspidistra elatior Cast Iron Plant, Barroom Plant

Any

Medium

L-N

dark, green, glossy foliage;brown flowers periodicallythroughout the year; toleratesdeep shade better than mostplants

Cyrtomium falcatumHolly Fern

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen fern; good low- maintenance groundcover; susceptible to pests

Dryopteris spp.Autumn Fern

Any

Medium

L-N

dark green fern with delicateappearance; fronds appearreddish when young; choosespecies based on growing conditions

Dyschoriste oblongifoliaTwin Flower, Oblongleaf Snakeherb

Any

High

L-N

lavender, year-round flowers;commonly used as groundcov-er; larval food plant for com-mon Buckeye

8-9aReg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

GR

OU

ND

CO

VE

RS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C N C S N C S N CNo8-11 No8-11 No8-9

Fast 1-11/2� 1/2-1� Slow 1/2-1� 1-8� 1/2-1� 1-3�

No8b-11C S N No8b-11C S N Var.8-11C S N Yes8-11C S

Slow 1-3� 1-3� 2-3� 3-4� Slow 1-4� 1-4� Fast 1/2-1� 1-11/2�

GR

OU

ND

CO

VE

RS

71

N

Ernodea littoralisGolden creeper

S/C

H

small, light green, succulentleaves on bright red stems;inconspicuous, pinkish, tubularflowers; golden berries; will dieif overwatered

Evolvulus glomeratusBlue Daze

Any

Medium

H

creates grey/green carpet-likecover accented with sky blue,spring through summer flowers

Glandularia tampensisTampa Vervain, Tampa Mock Vervain

S

High

L-N

also known as Verbena tampensi; purplish-pink/white,summer flowers

Yes

Hedera canariensis Algerian Ivy, Canary Ivy

1-3� 1-3�

Any

Medium

M

distinctive, red leaf stems; beautiful, thick, leatheryfoliage; rapid growth rate,watch for aggressive spread;rich groundcover in the shade

Hedera helixEnglish Ivy

Any

Medium

L-N

bold leaves provide dark greenmat of foliage; tenacious aerialroots guide the plant up treetrunks, walls, or trellises; rapidgrowth rate; watch for aggres-sive spread

Ipomoea spp. (natives only)Sweet Potato Vine, Railroad Vine, Varies

Any

High

M

flower color varies; can spreadeasily; provides food for wildlife

Juniperus conferta and cvs.Shore Juniper

S

High

H

flammable - in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; must be in full sunand well drained soils; used fordune stabilization; susceptibleto diseases

Juniperus horizontalis and cvs.Creeping Juniper, Horizontal Juniper

Any

High

M

plants become thin in partialshade; does not tolerate water-logged conditions; susceptibleto pests and diseases

10-11S C S C S N C SNo9-11 Yes9-11 No8b-101/2-1� 1-2� 11/2-2� 1-11/2� Fast 1/2-1� 1-6�

No8-9C N Yes8-11C S N No8-9C N No8a-9aC

Fast 1-2� 2-5� Fast 10-20� 10-40� Slow 1-2� 6-10� 1/2-1� 8-10�

High

72

Lantana montevidensis Trailing Lantana

Fast

Any

Medium

H

white/pink/lavender, summerthrough fall flowers; susceptibleto pests and diseases

Liriope muscari and cvs.Liriope, Monkey Grass, Lily Turf, Border Grass

Any

Medium

M

purple, summer flowers; formsa solid groundcover in a fewyears; variegated cultivar isdamaged by frost; susceptibleto pests

Mimosa strigillosaPowderpuff, Sunshine Mimosa

Any

Medium

M

perennial; pink powderpuffflowers; FNGLA Plant of theYear

No

Nephrolepis biserrataGiant Sword Fern

1-3� 4-8�

C/L

Medium

L-N

should not be confused with theexotic invasive fern Nephrolepiscordifolia; may spread beyondsmall gardens and become difficult to control; looks best infull shade

Nephrolepis exaltataSword Fern

Any

Medium

L-N


Ophiopogon japonicus and cvs.Mondo Grass, Dwarf Lilyturf,Dwarf Liriopoe

Any

Medium

M

white, summer flowers; darkgreen, grass-like mounds; tolerates some foot traffic

Phyla nodifloraTurkey Tangle Fogfruit,Capeweed

Any

Medium

L-N

small, purplish-white flowers;may appear dormant indrought but comes back; occasional mowing improvesappearance; excellent butterflyattractor; can become weedy;larval food plant

Rumohra adiantiformisLeatherleaf Fern, Seven Weeks Fern

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen fern with triangular-shaped, dark glossy greenleaflets

9-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

GR

OU

ND

CO

VE

RS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C N C S C SNo8-9 Yes8-11 Yes9-11

1-2� 1-2� Fast 1/2-3/4� 8-10� 1-4� 1-4�

Yes9-11C S N No8-11C S N Yes8-11C S No9b-11C S

1-4� 1-4� Slow 1/2-1� 1/2-2� 1/2-1� 8-10� 1-3� 4-5�

GR

OU

ND

CO

VE

RS

73

N

Scaevola plumieriInkberry

Slow

S/L

High

H

small, pink/white, summer flowers; spreads by under-ground rhizomes; suited forcoastal areas

Thelypteris kunthiiSouthern Shield Fern

Any

Medium

L-N

robust fern with graceful lightgreen foliage; may spreadbeyond small gardens andbecome difficult to control

Trachelospermum asiaticumSmall-Leaf ConfederateJasmine, Asiatic Jasmine

Any

Medium

M

small, dark green glossy leaves,prominent light green veins; tolerates foot traffic; spreadsaggressively; susceptible topests, diseases and cold damage in low 20's

Yes

Trachelospermum jasminoidesConfederate Jasmine, Star Jasmine

2-4� 3-8�

Any

Medium

L-N

white, fragrant, showy, springflowers; susceptible to diseases

Vinca majorPeriwinkle

Any

Medium

L-N

oval or heart-shaped darkgreen leaves; blue/purple/lavender, summer flowers; goodfor shaded, small gardens; doesnot tolerate hot, dry conditions

Zamia floridanaCoontie, Florida Arrowroot,Florida Zamia

Any

High

H

small palm-like perennial plant;Florida’s only native cycad; solelarval food plant for atala but-terfly; susceptible to pests andcold damage in the 20's

Zamia furfuraceaCardboard Plant

Any

High

H

seeds and caudex poisonous;freezes in central Florida andcan come back

10-11S N C S N C S N C SYes8-11 No8b-10 No8b-10

Fast 2-3� 2-4� Fast 1-3� 1-30� Fast 1-3� 1-30�

No8a-9C N Yes8b-11C S No9b-11C S

1-2� 1-5� Slow 1-5� 3-5� Slow 2-5� 5-8�

N

74

N

Andropogon spp.Bluestem Grass

Fast

Any

High

H

perennial bunch grass; speciesneed vary; check with Extensionoffice before making final selection; silver/white/pink, fall flowers

Aristida stricta var. beyrichianaWiregrass

S

High

L-N

also known as Aristidabeyrichiana; tan, year-roundflowers; provides food andcover for wildlife; depends onregular summer burning to stimulate flowering and seedproduction

Cymbopogon citratusLemongrass

Any

Medium

U

scented leaves remain greenmost of the year, turning darkred in fall and winter; dies tothe ground in winter in NorthFlorida

Var.

Chasmanthium latifoliumRiver Oats, Northern Sea Oats,Indian Wood-oats

3-10� 3-7�

Any

Medium

L-N

fall color; tan/bronze, summerthrough fall flowers; larval food plant for Gemmed Satyrbutterfly

Distichlis spicataSalt Grass

Any

Low

H

tough, scaly rhizomes and rigidstems; few seeds are produced;reproduction is mostly from rhizomes

Eragrostis elliottii Elliott’s Lovegrass

S/L

High

L-N

tan, year-round flowers, especially in fall

Eragrostis spectabilisPurple Lovegrass

S/L

High

L-N

small, red/purple, year-roundflowers, especially in fall; grows best in hot, dry sites

Miscanthus sinensisZebra Grass, Eulalia Grass

Any

Medium

H

dies to the ground in winter inNorth Florida; excellent specimen plant; susceptible topests and disease

8-9Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

GR

AS

SE

S

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C N C S S NYes8-11 No10-11 Yes8-9a

Fast 2-4� 2-3� Fast 4-6� 4-6� Fast 2-5� 2-4�

Yes8-11C S N Yes8-10C S N Yes8-10C S N No8-11C S

Slow 1-2� 2-4� Fast 1-3� 1-3� Fast 1-3� 1-3� 1-9� 3-5�

GR

AS

SE

S

75

N

N

Muhlenbergia capillarisMuhly Grass

S

High

H

pink, fall flowers; toleratesextreme drought and flooding

Panicum virgatum and cvs.Panic Grass

Any

High

H

tan, summer flowers

Paspalum quadrifariumEvergreen Paspalum, Crown Grass

S/L

High

H

tan, summer flowers; FNGLAPlant of the Year

Yes

Schizachyrium scopariumLittle Blue Stem Grass

2-5� 2-3�

Any

High

U

medium-sized bunchgrass;lavender/blue stem; good forrestoring damaged wildlandrecreation areas; provides foodand cover for wildlife

Spartina spp.Cordgrass

S

High

H

marsh grass; fine-textured, wireleaves form a fountain pattern;tan, summer flowers; speciesneeds vary, choose based onsite conditions; check with yourlocal Extension office prior tospecies selection

Thysanolaena maximaTiger Grass

Any

Medium

M

bamboo-like appearance;large, linear leaves

Tripsacum dactyloides and cvs.Fakahatchee Grass, Gamma Grass

Any

Medium

M

cream/orange/red/yellow,spring through summer flowers;tolerates flooding and standingwater; larval food plant forByssus Skipper butterfly

Tripsacum floridanaFlorida Gama Grass

Any

Medium

M

yellow, spring through summerflowers; used to control erosion;good plant for detention ponds,swales and canal banks

8-11C S N C S N C S N CYes8-10 No8-10 Yes8-9

Fast 1-5� 1-5� Fast 3-4� 3-4� 1-3� 1-3�

Var.8-9C N No8-11C S N Yes8-11C S N Yes8-11C S

Fast 3-4� 3-5� Fast 6-10� 6-10� 4-6� 4-6� 2-4� 4-6�

76

Acoelorrhaphe wrightiiPaurotis Palm, Saw Cabbage Palm

Slow

Any

Medium

M

yellow/white, spring flowers;forms dense clump so provideplenty of space; susceptible tomanganese deficiency; toleratesoccasionally wet soil

Arenga engleriFormosa Palm, Dwarf Sugar Palm

Any

None

L-N

dark, olive-green leaves oftentwist, giving a slight spiralingappearance; red/orange/green, spring flowers; red todeep purple fruit

Bismarckia nobilisBismarck Palm

Any

High

M

stiff, waxy, blue- green fronds;white/cream flowers

Yes

Butia capitataPindo Palm, Jelly Palm

15-30� 10-15�

Any

High

M

edible fruit used for jelly; provides food for wildlife; looksbest in full sun; white flowers;susceptible to pests; high windresistance

Carpentaria acuminataCarpentaria Palm

Any

Medium

L-N

white/cream, spring throughfall flowers; tolerates occasion-ally wet soil; can cause skin irritation

Caryota mitisFishtail Palm

Any

Medium

U

multi-stemmed clumps; lightgreen leaflets shaped like fish’stail fin; caution - may be inva-sive in South Florida

Ceratozamia hildaeBamboo Cycad

Any

High

L-N

sharp thorns, plant away fromsidewalks

Ceratozamia kuesteriana

Any

High

L-N

emergent growth on someforms has a reddish color

10-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

PALM

SA

ND

PALM

-LIKE

PLA

NTS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

S C S S N C SNo9a-11 No10a-11 No8b-11

Slow 8-10� 12-16� 40-70� 15-20� Slow 15-25� 10-15�

No10b-11S No10b-11S N No8-11C S N No8-11C S

Slow 35-40� 8-10� 15-25� 10-15� Slow 5-7� 3-5� Slow 4-5� 3-4�

PALM

SA

ND

PALM

-LIKE

PLA

NTS

77

N

N

Chamaedorea spp.Chamaedorea, Bamboo Palm,Miniature Fishtail Palm

Fast

Any

Medium

L-N

species needs vary, choosebased on conditions; cream,spring through summer flowers;good container plant; potentialskin irritant

Chamaerops humilis European Fan Palm

Any

High

M

clumping palm; yellow, summerflowers; susceptible to pests;very cold-hardy; petioles withsharp teeth

Chrysalidocarpus lutescensYellow Butterfly Palm

Any

High

M

also known as Dypsis lutescens;tolerates occasionally wet soil;high wind resistance; suscepti-ble to pest and K deficiency

No

Coccothrinax argentataSilver Palm

1-20� 2-8�

Any

High

H

distinctive, dark, blue-green,drooping, deeply dividedpalmate leaves; white, summerflowers; Key Deer food source;high wind resistance

Dioon edule Dioon, Chamal, Mexican Sago

Any

High

M

leaflets very sharp; can tolerateadverse conditions for periods;susceptible to pests

Howea forsteranaKentia Palm, Sentry Palm

S/L

Medium

L-N

white, summer flowers; suscepti-ble to diseases

Licuala grandisRuffled Fan Palm, VanuatuFan Palm, Licuala Palm

S/L

Medium

L-N


Livistona spp.Chinese Fan Palm

S/L

High

M

flowers vary; stately palm withsingle trunk; susceptible toscales; caution - L. chinensismay be invasive in Central andSouth Florida

variableC S N C S S SNo8-11 No10a-11 Yes10b-11

Slow 5-15� 6-15� 15-25� 6-10� Fast 3-15� 6-7�

No8-11C S No10-11S No10b-11S No9-11C S

Slow 1-8� 4-6� 15-25� 6-10� Slow 6-12� 3-6� 20-50� 8-15�

78

Nolina recurvataPonytail Palm

Slow

Any

High

M

unique plume of long leavesatop a single trunk with a bulb-like base; susceptible to pestsand diseases

Phoenix spp. exceptPhoenix reclinataDate Palms

S/L

High

M

yellow, summer flowers;Phoenix canariensis, Phoenixdactylifera and Phoenix roebelinii have high wind resistance; provides food forwildlife

Pseudophoenix sargentiiBuccaneer Palm, Sargent’s Palm

Any

High

M

yellow, summer flowers; produces grape-sized red fruit;endangered in Florida

No

Ptychosperma elegansAlexander Palm, SolitaryPalm, Solitaire Palm

10-15� 12-18�

S/L

High

L-N

white, summer flowers; resistantto lethal yellowing; high windresistance; caution - may beinvasive in South and CentralFlorida

Ptychosperma macarthuriMacarthur Palm

S/L

None

L-N

noted for multiple, slim, ringedgrey trunks; soft green, feath-ery, flat, broad leaves;branched flower stalks withwhite, summer flowers; brightred, showy sprays of fruit

Ravenea rivularis Majesty Palm

C/L

High

M

feather-leafed with symmetrical,smooth, flared trunk; creamywhite, summer flowers

Rhapidophyllum hystrixNeedle Palm

S/L

Medium

L-N

red, summer flowers; yellowishfruit provides food for wildlife

Rhapis excelsaLady Palm

S/L

Medium

L-N

forms clumps of bamboo-likestalks topped with very darkgreen fan-shaped leaves; susceptible to pests and disease

10a-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

PALM

SA

ND

PALM

-LIKE

PLA

NTS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

S N C S S SNo8-11 Yes10a-11 No10a-11

Slow 6-80� 6-25� Slow 10-40� 10-20� Slow 15-25� 6-10�

No10b-11S No10a-11S N Yes8-11C S No9-11C S

15-25� 6-10� 50-80� 10-15� Fast 6-8� 5-10� Slow 7-14� 10-15�

PALM

SA

ND

PALM

-LIKE

PLA

NTS

79

N

Rhapis humilisSlender Lady Palm

S/L

Medium

M

slender stems; drooping leafsegments; forms densely packedclumps; susceptible to pests

Roystonea regiaRoyal Palm

Any

Medium

M

tall, smooth, cement gray trunk;beautiful, broad, dense crownof soft, gently drooping, feath-ery fronds; fragrant, yellow,summer flowers; high windresistance

Sabal etoniaScrub Palmetto

S/L

High

M

small, white, spring throughsummer flowers; small, blackberries in summer through fallprovide food for wildlife; long-lived; difficult to transplant

No

Sabal minorDwarf Palmetto, Blue-stem Palmetto

5-7� 6-10�

Any

High

M

blueish green, fan shaped leaves;small, white flowers; black berriesprovides food for wildlife in fall;difficult to transplant; goodunderstory plant; prefers moistsoils but tolerates drier conditionsafter establishment

Sabal palmetto Cabbage Palm, Sabal Palm,Cabbage Palmetto

Any

High

H

Florida state tree; white, sum-mer flowers; susceptible tosome pests and disease; highwind resistance; older palmstransplant easily; provides foodand cover for wildlife

Serenoa repens Saw Palmetto

Any

High

H

flammable - in wildfire proneareas, plant minimum 30' frombuildings; yellow/white, springflowers; difficult to transplant;grows on first dune; roundblack fruits provide food forwildlife

Thrinax morrisiiBrittle Thatch Palm, Key Thatch Palm

Any

High

H

green and silver fronds; small,white, summer flowers; toleratesoccasionally wet soil; high windresistance

Thrinax radiataFlorida Thatch Palm

S

High

H

white; summer flowers; goodpalm for many landscapes dueto small size; high wind resist-ance

9b-11C S S C S N C SYes10a-11 Yes9-11 Yes8-10

50-80� 15-25� Slow 4-6� 4-6� Slow 4-9� 4-8�

Yes8b-11C S N Yes8-11C S Yes10b-11S Yes10b-11S

Slow 25-60� 10-15� Slow 3-10� 4-10� Slow 15-20� 6-10� Slow 15-25� 6-10�

N

80

N

Trachycarpus fortunei Windmill Palm

Any

Medium

M

dense, brown, hair-like fibers thatresemble burlap wrapping; 3-footwide, fan-shaped fronds; incon-spicuous, fragrant, summer flow-ers; good palm for shaded land-scapes; tolerates occasional sun;susceptible to pests and disease

Washingtonia robustaWashington Palm

Any

High

M

too tall for most home land-scapes; caution – may be invasive in South Florida

Wodyetia bifurcataFoxtail Palm

Any

Medium

M

pale green, arching fronds withleaflets radiating from leafstem, giving appearance of bottlebrush or foxtail; white,spring flowers; colorful clustersof red to orange/red fruit

No

Zamia floridanaCoontie, Florida Arrowroot,Florida Zamia

10-25� 6-10�

Any

High

H

small palm-like perennial plant;Florida’s only native cycad; solelarval food plant for atala hair-streak butterfly; susceptible topests and cold damage in the20's

Zamia furfuraceaCardboard Plant

Any

High

H

seeds and caudex poisonous;freezes in central Florida andcan come back

8-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

PALM

SA

ND

PALM

-LIKE

PLA

NTS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C S C SNo9a-11 No10-11 Yes8b-11

60-90� 10-15� Slow 20-30� 8-20� Fast 1-5� 3-5�

No9b-11C S

Slow 2-5� 5-8�

FE

RN

S

81


Any

Low

M

large fern; good for wet sites inshaded landscape; prolongedsunlight, especially in the sum-mer, can burn foliage

Adiantum capillus-venerisSouthern Maidenhair Fern,Venus’ Hair Fern

Any

Low

L-N

fine-textured, delicate, fern withlight grey-green, soft foliage;tolerates occasionally wet soil

Blechnum serrulatumSwamp Fern, ToothedMidsorus Fern, Saw Fern

Any

Low

L-N

hardy fern; forms undergroundstems, persisting for manyyears, and spreads widely(forms dense clumps); grows infull sun if in moist conditions

Yes

Cyrtomium falcatumHolly Fern

8-10� 8-10�

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen fern; good low- maintenance groundcover; susceptible to pests

Dicksonia antarcticaTasmanian Tree Fern,Australian Tree Fern

S/L

Low

L-N

does not tolerate prolongedfreezing or direct sun

Didymochlaena truncatulaMahogany Fern, TreeMaidenhair Fern

Loam

Low

U

requires moist soil; do not letdry out between waterings


Any

Medium

L-N


Nephrolepis biserrataGiant Sword Fern

C/L

Medium

L-N

should not be confused with theexotic invasive fern Nephrolepiscordifolia; may spread beyondsmall gardens and become dif-ficult to control; looks best in fullshade

9-11C S S N C S N C SYes10-11 Yes8-11 No8b-11

Slow 2-3� 2-3� 1-6� 2-6� 2-3� 3-4�

No9-11C S No10S N Var.8-11C S Yes9-11C S

Slow 20-50� 6-20� Slow 3-4� 4-6� Slow 1-4� 1-4� 1-4� 1-4�

82

Nephrolepis exaltataSword Fern

C/L

Medium

L-N


Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern

C/L

Low

L-N

deciduous, shrub-like fern;good plant for detention ponds,swales and canal banks

Osmunda regalisRoyal Fern

Loam

Low

L-N

requires night temperature of45° F to stay green; susceptibleto pests; may be less attractiveduring winter dormancy

Yes

Pteridium aquilinumBracken Fern

1-4� 1-4�

S/L

Medium

L-N

fronds triangular in outline

Rumohra adiantiformisLeatherleaf Fern, Seven Weeks Fern

Any

Medium

L-N

evergreen fern with triangular-shaped, dark glossy green leaflets

Sphaeropteris cooperiAustralian Tree Fern

S/L

Low

L-N

also known as Alsophilacooperi; single-trunked, giantfern

Thelypteris kunthiiSouthern Shield Fern

Any

Medium

L-N

robust fern with graceful lightgreen foliage; may spreadbeyond small gardens andbecome difficult to control

9-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

FE

RN

S

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C S N C S N C SYes8-10 Yes8-10 Yes8-11

Slow 2-5� 3-4� 6-7� 6-7� 3-6� 2-3�

No9b-11C S No10b-11S N Yes8-11C S

1-3� 4-5� Slow 12-18� 8-15� Fast 2-3� 2-4�

PE

RE

NN

IALS

83

N

Acalypha reptansDwarf Chenille Plant

Slow

C/L

Medium

U

fine-textured, ground-hugging;forms a thick canopy of tiny,serrated leaves with bright redflowers


Any

Low

M

large fern; good for wet sites inshaded landscape; prolongedsunlight, especially in the sum-mer, can burn foliage

Adiantum capillus-venerisSouthern Maidenhair Fern,Venus’ Hair Fern

Any

Low

L-N

fine-textured, delicate, fern withlight grey-green, soft foliage;tolerates occasionally wet soil

No

Agapanthus africanusLily of the Nile, African Lily

to 1� varies�

S

Medium

M

purple/white, summer flowers;deciduous

Agave spp.Century Plant, Agave

S

High

H

dramatic foliage and form;evergreen, silver/gray to blue-green foliage; showy,green-brown fruit; sharp spines;choose species adapted to climate

Ajuga reptans Bugleweed, Carpet Bugleweed

Any

Medium

L-N

purple/blue, spring throughsummer flowers; spreads quickly; many cultivars; susceptible to disease

Aloe spp.Aloe

Any

High

H

species needs vary, choosebased on conditions; flowersvary; injured by frost in extremeNorth Florida; susceptible tocaterpillars; size of plantdepends on species selection

Alpinia spp.Shell Ginger, Shell Flower

S/C

Low

M

green and yellow variegatedleaves; white, fragrant flowersborne in drooping clusters; willnot flower if freezes back

10-11S C S S N C SYes9-11 Yes10-11 No8-10

8-10� 8-10� Slow 2-3� 2-3� Fast 2� 2�

Var.8-11C S N No8-9aC N NovariableC S N No8-11C S

Slow 6� 4-6� Fast 1/2-1� 1-2� varies� varies� Fast 6-12� 3-5�

N

84

N

Amorphophallus spp.Voodoo Lily, Snake Lily

Any

Medium

L-N

grows very slowly in NorthFlorida; flowers vary, have afoul odor; size of plant dependson species selection

Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia

Any

Medium

U

white and/or blue, summerflowers; can be grown as anannual but survives winters inzones 9 and 10

Asclepias spp.Milkweed, Butterfly Weed

Any

Medium

L-N

species needs vary, choosebased on conditions; red/yellow flowers; self-seeds eachyear; sap may irritate; susceptible to pests and diseases; provides food for butterflies

No

Asimina spp.Pawpaw

6� varies�

S

Medium

L-N

deciduous; species needs vary,choose based on conditions;oval, edible fruits with a sweet,rich taste, ripen to a brown/black, wrinkled texture; flowersvary; provides food for zebraswallowtail butterfly

Aspidistra elatiorCast Iron Plant, Barroom Plant

Any

Medium

L-N

dark, green foliage with glossy,coarse-texture; brown flowers;tolerates deep shade better thanmost plants

Begonia Xsemperflorens-cultorumWax Begonia

Any

Low

L-N

flowers vary; annual in Northand Central regions; susceptibleto pests and diseases

Belamcanda chinensisBlackberry Lily

Any

Medium

M

yellow, spring through fall flowers

Blechnum serrulatumSwamp Fern, ToothedMidsorus Fern, Saw Fern

Any

Low

L-N

hardy fern; forms undergroundstems, persisting for manyyears, and spreads widely(forms dense clumps); grows infull sun if in moist conditions

9-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

PE

RE

NN

IALS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C S N C S N C SNo9-11 Var.8-10 Var.8-10

Fast 1-3� 1-3� Fast 2-5� 1-4� 15-20� 15-20�

No8b-11C S N No8-11C S N No8-10aC S N Yes8-11C S

Slow 1-3� 1-3� Slow 1/2-1� 1/2-1� Fast 1-2� 2-4� 1-6� 2-6�

PE

RE

NN

IALS

85

N

Bromeliaceae generaBromeliads, Airplants

Slow

S

High

L-N

flowers, light, region vary;choose species for climate; don’texchange bromeliads fromareas with Mexican bromeliadweevil; air circulation preventsscale/mealybugs; cold/overwatering causes crown rot

Bulbine frutescensBulbine

Any

Medium

U

orange/yellow, spring throughsummer flowers; clumping; best used as groundcover orcontainer plant

Caladium XhortulanumCaladium

Any

Medium

L-N

good container plant; attractivefoliage (red/rose/pink/white/silver/bronze/green); leavesdie back in the fall; goes dormant; susceptible to pestsand diseases

Var.

Canna spp.Canna Lily

1-2� 1-2�

Any

Medium

L-N

many cultivars; attractivefoliage; summer flowers vary

Catharanthus roseusPeriwinkle, MadagascarPeriwinkle, Vinca

Any

High

M

white/pink/purple, year-roundflowers; watch for micronutrientdeficiencies/disease with toomuch moisture; caution - maybe invasive in South Florida

Conradina spp.False Rosemary, Scrub Mints,Beach Rosemary

Any

High

H

blue, year-round flowers; usedin beach landscaping

Coreopsis spp.Tickseed, Coreopsis

Any

High

M

Florida's state wildflower;orange/yellow, summer flowers; may be annual orshort-lived perennial, depending on species

Costus spp.Spiral Ginger

Any

Low

L-N

white, fragrant, summerthrough fall flowers

8-11C S C S N C S N C SNo9-11 No8-11 Var.8-11

1-2� 1-2� Fast 1-2� 1-2� Fast 2-6� 1-3�

No9b-11C S N Yes8-9C N Var.8a-10bC S N No8-11C S

1-2� 1-2� Fast 1-3� 1-3� Fast 1-4� 1-3� Fast 6-10� 4-8�

N

86

N

Crinum spp.Crinum Lily

Any

Medium

M

many cultivars; fragrant, spidery, year-round flowersvary; poisonous; susceptible topests and diseases

Crossandra spp.Firecracker Flower

S/L

Medium

L-N

species needs vary, choosebased on conditions; flowersvary; can be used as annual inNorth and Central region

Cuphea hyssopifoliaMexican Heather, False Heather

Any

High

M

purple/white/pink, year-roundflowers; susceptible to pests,diseases, and freezes

Var.

Curcuma spp.Curcuma, Hidden Lily

3-6� 3-6�

Any

Medium

L-N

pink/yellow, spring flowers

Dianella spp.Flax Lily

Any

High

U

blue/yellow flowers; strappyleaves

Dicksonia antarcticaTasmanian Tree Fern,Australian Tree Fern

S/L

Low

L-N

does not tolerate prolongedfreezing or direct sun

Didymochlaena truncatulaMahogany Fern, Tree Maidenhair Fern

Loam

Low

U

requires moist soil; do not letdry out between waterings

Dietes iridoidesAfrican Iris, Butterfly Iris

Any

Medium

L-N

also known as Moraea iridoides and Moraea vegeta,previously Dietes vegata; 1-2"white/yellow/blue, springthrough summer flowers

8b-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

PE

RE

NN

IALS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S S N C S N C SNo10 No8b-11 No8b-11

Fast 1/2-4� 1-3� 1-2� 2-3� Fast 1-6� 1-4�

Var.8-11C S No9-11C S No10S N No8b-11C S

Fast 1-2� 1-2� Slow to 50� 6-20� Slow 3-4� 4-6� Slow 2-6� 1-2�

PE

RE

NN

IALS

87

N


Slow

Any

Medium

L-N


Dyschoriste oblongifoliaTwin Flower, Oblongleaf Snakeherb

Any

High

L-N

lavender, year-round flowers;commonly used as groundcover

Echinacea purpureaPurple Coneflower

C/L

High

L-N

purple, spring through summerflowers; tolerates occasionallywet soil

Var.

Euryops spp.Bush Daisy

1-4� 1-4�

Any

High

M

species needs vary, choosebased on conditions; reseedsreadily; resprouts from base inspring; flowers vary

Evolvulus glomeratus Blue Daze

Any

Medium

H

creates grey/green carpet-likecover accented with sky blue,spring through summer flowers

Flaveria linearis Yellowtop

Any

High

M

showy clusters of yellow diskshaped, year-round flowers;grows in soils with poor nutrientcontent; provides food for but-terflies

Gaillardia pulchellaBlanket Flower

S/L

High

M

yellow/orange/red, summerflowers; rounded clumps of soft,hairy, divided leaves

Gaura lindheimeriWhite Gaura, Whirling Butterflies,Lindheimer's Beeblossom

Any

High

L-N

fine-textured, vase-shaped;pink/white, spring through fallflowers on wand-like stalks

8-11C S N C S N C S N C SYes8-11 Yes8-10 Novariable

Fast 1/2-1� 1-11/2� 1-3� 2-3� 3-6� 3-6�

No9-11C S Yes10a-11S N Yes8a-11C S N No8-9C1/2-1� 1-2� Fast 2-4� 2-4� Fast 1-2� 2-3� 1-3� 2-3�

N

88

N

Gazania spp.Gazania, Treasure Flower

Any

High

M

yellow/orange/red, summerflowers; roots may rot fromoverwatering

Gloriosa spp.Gloriosa Lily

S/C

Medium

U

crimson/yellow-orange, springthrough summer flowers; growswell on trellises

Haemanthus multiflorusBlood Lily

S/L

Medium

U

also known as Scadoxus multi-florus; red, summer flowers

No

Hedychium spp., hybrids and cvs.Butterfly Lily, Butterfly Ginger

1/2-1� 1-2�

S/L

Low

M

white/yellow/red, spring flowers; thrives in boggy soils

Helianthus angustifoliusSwamp Sunflower,Narrowleaf Sunflower

Any

Medium

H

perennial, yellow/brown, fallflowers

Helianthus debilisBeach Sunflower

S/L

High

H

perennial; yellow/purple, year-round flowers; goodgroundcover for beaches anddune stabilization; developsfungus if planted in wet areas

Heliconia spp.Heliconia

Any

None

L-N

year-round flowers vary

Heliotropium angiospermumScorpion Tail

Any

High

L-N

evergreen; white, year-roundflowers; seedlings volunteerreadily

8b-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

PE

RE

NN

IALS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C S N C S N C SNo8-10 No8-11 No8b-11

Fast 2-8� 2-8� Slow 11/2� 1� Fast 4-8� 2-4�

Yes8b-10C S N Yes8b-11C S No10b-11S N Yes8-11C S

Fast 2-4� 2-4� Fast 1-4� 2-4� Fast 2-15� 3-6� 1-2� 1-2�

PE

RE

NN

IALS

89

N

N

Hemerocallis spp.Daylily

Fast

Any

Medium

H

many cultivars; summer flowersvary; susceptible to diseases

Hippeastrum spp. and hybridsAmaryllis

Any

Medium

L-N

large red/white, spring flowersin clusters of two to five; semi-evergreen

Hymenocallis spp.Spider Lily

Any

High

H

region depends on species -choose species adapted to yourarea; white/yellow, springthrough fall flowers

No

Impatiens spp.Impatiens

1-3� 1-2�

Any

High

L-N

annual with brilliantly markedfoliage and ability to tolerategreat amounts of sun; flowersvary

Iris hexagonaLouisiana Iris, Blue Flag Iris

S/L

Low

L-N

purple, spring flowers; flowersbest in full sun; good for raingardens

Iris virginica Virginia Iris, Blue Flag Iris

Any

Medium

L-N

textured, light-green foliageemerging in dense clumps;lavender, spring flowers; goodfor rain gardens

Justicia brandegeanaShrimp Plant

Any

Medium

L-N

white, summer flowers; susceptible to pests and freezes

Justicia carneaJacobinia, Flamingo Plant

Any

Low

L-N

evergreen; summer through fallflowers vary; susceptible topests, diseases, and freezes

8-10C S N C S N C S N C SNo8-10 Var.8-11 No8-11

1-3� 1-3� Fast 1-3� 3-5� 1/2-1� 1�

No8-10C S N Yes8b-11C S N No8b-11C S N No8b-11C S

2-5� 1/2� 4-7� 1-3� Fast 2-6� 2-4� Slow 3-6� 2-3�

90

Justicia spicigeraOrange Plum

Fast

Any

Low

L-N

orange; summer flowers

Kaempferia spp.Peacock Ginger

C/L

Medium

L-N

intricate foliage patterns in colors of burgundy and bronze;small, four-petaled, violet topurple flowers

Kalanchoe blossfeldianaKalanchoe, Madagascar Widow’s Thrill

S/L

High

M

succulent; dark green with scallop edged leaves; pink/red/yellow, winter throughspring flowers

No

Lantana involucrataWild Sage, Buttonsage

5� 3-5�

S/L

Medium

H


Leonotis leonurusLion’s Ear

Any

High

H

orange/red, summer throughwinter flowers

Liatris spp.Blazing Star

Any

Medium

L-N

lavender/pink/white, summerthrough fall flowers

Liriope muscari and cvs. Liriope, Monkey Grass, Lily Turf, Border Grass

Any

Medium

M

purple, summer flowers; formsa solid groundcover in a fewyears; variegated cultivar isdamaged by frost; susceptibleto pests

Lycoris spp.Hurricane Lily

Any

Medium

L-N

flower after heavy summerrains; yellow/red/pink, earlyfall flowers

10b-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

PE

RE

NN

IALS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

S N C S S C SNo8-10 No10-11 Yes9-11

Fast 2� 1-4� Slow 1/2-1� 1/2-1� Fast 2-5� 1-5�

No9-11C S N Var.8-10bC S N No8-9C N No8-9C

Fast 4-5� 2-3� 3� 1/2-1� 1/2-1� 1-2� 11/2� 1�

PE

RE

NN

IALS

91

N

Musa spp.Banana

Fast

Any

Low

L-N

edible fruit; showy purple ororange flowers; needs regularwatering; susceptible to disease, pests, and frost

Neomarica gracilisWalking Iris

Any

Low

L-N

clumping herbaceous perennial;white/blue, spring through fallflowers

Odontonema strictumFirespike

S/L

Medium

L-N

herbaceous perennial; red, fallthrough winter flowers

No

Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern

7-30� 10-15�

C/L

Low

L-N

deciduous, shrub-like fern;good plant for retention ponds,swales and canal banks

Osmunda regalis Royal Fern

Loam

Low

L-N

requires night temperature of45° F to stay green; susceptibleto pests; may be less attractiveduring winter dormancy

Pachystachys luteaGolden Shrimp Plant

Any

Low

L-N


Pentas lanceolataPentas, Starflower

Any

Medium

M

many cultivars;red/pink/white/lilac, summerflowers; susceptible to freezedamage

Philodendron spp. and cvs.Philodendron

Any

Medium

L-N

select species based on siteconditions; check with yourlocal Extension office beforefinal species selection

9b-11C S N C S N C S N C SNo8b-11 No8b-11 Yes8-10

2-3� 2-3� 2-6� 2-3� Slow 2-5� 3-4�

Yes8-10C S No9b-11C S N No8b-11C S No8b-11C S

6-7� 6-7� 2-3� 2-3� Fast 2-4� 2-3� Fast 1-12� 2-15�

N

92

N

Phlox divaricataBlue Phlox

Fast

Any

Medium

L-N

purple, summer flowers

Plectranthus spp.Plectranthus

S/L

Medium

L-N

flowers vary; ‘Mona Lavender’was FNGLA Plant of the Year in2004

Plumbago auriculata cvs.Plumbago

Any

Medium

L-N

blue/white, year-round flowers;susceptible to pests and freezes

No

Pteridium aquilinumBracken Fern

1-3� 1-3�

S/L

Medium

L-N

fronds triangular in outline

Rudbeckia fulgidaRudbeckia

S/L

Low

L-N

showy, daisy-like flower; produces masses of goldencolor all summer

Rudbeckia hirtaBlack-Eyed Susan

Any

Medium

L-N

large, yellow-orange to red-dish-orange, summer flowers;does not tolerate prolonged,wet weather

Salvia spp.Salvia, Sage

S

Medium

L-N

flowers vary

Sisyrinchium angustifoliumBlue-eyed Grass

Any

Medium

L-N

blue, spring flowers

8-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

PE

RE

NN

IALS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C S C S N C SNo8-11 No9-11 Yes8-11

Fast 1-5� 1-4� Fast 6-10� 8-10� 3-6� 2-3�

Yes8-9C N Yes8-9C N Var.8a-11C S N Yes8-11C S

Fast 3� 3� 2-3� 1-2� Fast 1-8� 1-10� Fast 1/2-11/2� 1/2-11/2�

PE

RE

NN

IALS

93

N

N

Solenostemon scuttellarioidesColeus

Fast

Any

Low

L-N

purple, summer flowers; manycultivars; ‘Hurricane Louise’ wasFNGLA Plant of the Year in2005; susceptible to pests anddiseases

Solidago spp.Goldenrod

S

High

H

yellow, summer through fallflowers; some species formlarge colonies; Solidago odurois the Florida native

Sphaeropteris cooperiAustralian Tree Fern

S/L

Low

L-N

also known as Alsophilacooperi; single-trunked, giantfern

No

Sprekelia formosissimaAztec Lily, Jacobean Lily, St. James Lily

1-3� 1-3�

S/L

Low

M

red, spring through summerflowers

Stachytarpheta spp.Porterweed

Any

Medium

M

flowers vary

Stokesia laevisStokes’ Aster

S/L

High

L-N

blue/white, summer flowers;many cultivars

Tulbaghia violacea Society Garlic

S/L

High

L-N

lavender, spring through fallflowers; plant has strong garlicscent

Zephyranthes spp.Rain Lily, Zephyr Lily

Any

Medium

M

white/yellow/pink/red, springthrough fall flowers; susceptibleto pests

8-11C S N C S S N C SVar.8-10 No10b-11 No8-10b

2-6� 1/2-2� Slow 12-18� 8-15� Fast 1-2� 1-2�

Var.8-11C S N Yes8-9C N No8a-11C S N Var.8-11C S

Fast 2-8� 3-4� Fast 1-2� 1-2� 1-2� 1-2� Fast 1/2-1� 1/2-1�

94

N

Zingiber zerumbetPine Cone Ginger

Any

Medium

M

red, fragrant, fall flowers; tolerates occasionally wet soil

No

4-7� 4-6�

8-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

PE

RE

NN

IALS

C S

AN

NU

ALS

95

N

N

Ageratum spp.Ageratum

Any

Low

L-N

many cultivars; purple/white,year-round flowers

Amaranthus spp.Amaranth

Any

Medium

M

many cultivars; attractivefoliage; inconspicuous flowers

Angelonia angustifoliaAngelonia

Any

Medium

U

white and/or blue, summerflowers

No

Begonia Xsemperflorens-cultorumWax Begonia

1/2-1� 1/2-1�

Any

Low

L-N

flowers vary; annual in Northand Central regions; susceptibleto pests and diseases

Caladium XhortulanumCaladium

Any

Medium

L-N

good container plant; attractivefoliage (red/rose/pink/white/silver/bronze/green); leavesdie back in the fall; goes dormant; susceptible to pestsand diseases

Calendula spp.Pot Marigold

Any

Low

M

yellow/orange, winter throughspring flowers

Catharanthus roseusPeriwinkle, MadagascarPeriwinkle, Vinca

Any

High

M

white/pink/purple, year-roundflowers; susceptible to micronutrient deficiencies/disease with too much moisture;caution - may be invasive inSouth Florida

Celosia spp.Celosia

Any

Low

L-N

many cultivars; summer flowersvary

8-11C S N C S N C S N C SVar.8-11 No9-11 No8-11

Fast 1-2� 1-2� Fast 1-3� 1-3� Slow 1/2-1� 1/2-1�

No8-11C S N No8-11C S No9b-11C S N No8-11C S

Fast 1-2� 1-2� Fast 1-11/2� 1-11/2� 1-2� 1-2� Fast 1/2-2� 1/2-1�

N

96

N

Coreopsis spp.Tickseed, Coreopsis

Fast

Any

High

M

Florida’s state wildflower;orange/yellow, summer flow-ers; may be annual or short-lived perennial, depending onspecies

Gazania spp.Gazania, Treasure Flower

Any

High

M

yellow/orange/red, summerflowers; roots may rot fromoverwatering

Impatiens spp.Impatiens

Any

None

L-N

annual with brilliantly markedfoliage and ability to tolerategreat amounts of sun; flowersvary

Var.

Justicia brandegeanaShrimp Plant

1-4� 1-3�

Any

Medium

L-N

white, summer flowers; susceptible to pests and freezes

Justicia carneaJacobinia, Flamingo Plant

Any

Low

L-N

evergreen; summer through fallflowers vary; susceptible topests, diseases, and freezes

Justicia spicigeraOrange Plum

Any

Low

L-N

orange; summer flowers

Lobularia maritimaSweet Alyssum

Any

Medium

L-N

purple/white/pink, winter flowers; tolerates light frost

Monarda punctataSpotted Horsemint, DottedHorsemint, Spotted Beebalm

Any

Medium

H

pink, summer through fall flowers

8a-10bReg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

AN

NU

ALS

Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

C S N C S N C S N C SNo8b-11 No8-11 No8b-111/2-1� 1-2� 1/2-1� 1� Fast 2-6� 2-4�

No8b-11C S No10b-11S N No8-11C S N Yes8b-9C

Slow 3-6� 2-3� Fast 5� 3-5� 1/2-1� 1/2-1� Fast 1-3� 2-4�

AN

NU

ALS

97

N

Pachystachys luteaGolden Shrimp Plant

Any

Low

L-N


Pentas lanceolataPentas, Starflower

Any

Medium

M

many cultivars; red/pink/white/lilac, summer flowers;susceptible to freeze damage

Petunia XhybridaPetunia

Any

Low

M

many flower colors, in fallthrough spring; can be grownas perennial in South Florida;susceptible to pests and diseases

No

Rudbeckia fulgidaRudbeckia

2-3� 2-3�

S/L

Low

L-N

showy, daisy-like flower; produces masses of goldencolor all summer

Rudbeckia hirtaBlack-Eyed Susan

Any

Medium

L-N

large, yellow-orange to red-dish-orange, summer flowers;does not tolerate prolonged,wet weather

Solenostemon scuttellarioidesColeus

Any

Low

L-N

purple, summer flowers; manycultivars; ‘Hurricane Louise’ wasFNGLA Plant of the Year in2005; susceptible to pests anddiseases

Tagetes spp.Marigold

S/L

Medium

L-N

flowers vary

Tithonia rotundifloraMexican Sunflower

Any

High

U

red/orange, summer flowers

9b-11C S N C S N C S N CNo8b-11 No8-11 Yes8-9

Fast 2-4� 2-3� Fast 1/2-11/2� 1� Fast 3� 3�

Yes8-9C N No8-11C S N No8-11C S N No8-10C S

2-3� 1-2� Fast 1-3� 1-3� Fast 1-3� 1� Fast 5-6� 3-4�

98

N

Torenia fournieriWishbone Flower

S/L

Low

L-N

lavender/pink/blue/white,spring through fall flowers; susceptible to pests

Viola spp.Violet, Johnny-jump-up

S/L

Low

L-N

cold hardy annual

Viola XwittrockianaPansy

Any

Low

L-N

many cultivars; year-roundflowers vary; needs regularwatering in warm weather

No

Zinnia hybridsZinnia

1/2-11/2� 1-11/2�

Any

High

L-N

many varieties with wide rangeof flower colors and sizes, year-round flowering; susceptible topests and diseases

8-11Reg/Native

G, H, S

Soil pH, Txt

Soil Mst, Drgt

Light/BestSalt

Wildlife

ScientificCommon

AN

NU

ALS

C S N C N C S N C SVar.8-9 No8-11 No8-11

Fast 1/2-1� 1/2-1� Slow 1/2-1� 1/2-1� Fast 1/2-3� 1�

TUR

FG

RA

SS

99

Stenotaphrum secundatumSt. Augustinegrass‘Semi-dwarf cvs.’

adapted to entire state; low wear tol-erance; medium nematode tolerance;shade tolerance varies depending oncultivar selection

C-M

Low

Sod, sprigs, plugs

2-2.5 in. Medium

M VAny

Mw Ht/Leaf/Mnt Lv

Soil pH/Drgt/Slt/Sh

Estab. Methods

ScientificCommon

Zoysia japonicaZoysiagrass

adapted to entire state; medium weartolerance; low nematode tolerance;shade tolerance varies depending oncultivar selection

F-M

Medium

Sod, sprigs, plugs

2-2.5in. High

M VAny

Stenotaphrum secundatumSt. Augustinegrass‘Standard height cvs.’

adapted to entire state; low wear tolerance; medium nematode tolerance; shade tolerance variesdepending on cultivar selection

C-M

Low

Sod, sprigs, plugs

3.5-4 in. Medium

M VAny

Cynodon dactylonBermudagrass

adapted to entire state; medium weartolerance; low nematode tolerance

F-M

Medium

Sod, sprigs, plugs, some seed

1-2 in. M-H

M LAny

Mw Ht/Leaf/Mnt Lv

Soil pH/Drgt/Slt/Sh

Estab. Methods

ScientificCommon

Paspalum notatumBahiagrass

adapted to entire state; low wear tolerance; high nematode tolerance

C-M

High

Sod, seed

3-4 in. Low

N LAcid

Eremochloa ophiuroidesCentipedegrass

adapted to North Florida and thePanhandle; low wear tolerance; lownematode tolerance

M

Medium

Sod, sprigs, plugs, seed

1.5-2 in. Low

L MAcid

MOWING HT: Mowing turf below the recommended height can stress the grass and subject it to invasion by weeds.

LEAF: Fine, Medium, Coarse, Fine-Medium, Coarse-Medium (Relative measure of leaf blade width. Texture is merely a visualpreference.)

MAINT. LEVEL: Low, Medium, High, Medium-High (Amount of fertilization, irrigation, and mowing required.)

SOIL pH: Any, Acid (Ideal soil pH and texture for healthy turf.)

DROUGHT TOLERANCE: Low, Medium, High (Measure of how well the turf will survive extended dry periods without irriga-tion or rainfall after it has been properly established.)

SALT: Low, Medium, High, None (Ability to thrive when subjected to salt stress from irrigation water, saltwater intrusion, orsalt spray from the ocean.)

SHADE: Low, Medium, High (Ability to thrive when exposed to shade.)

ESTABLISHMENT METHODS: Sod, Sprigs, Plugs, Seed (A quality lawn can be established by any method listed if the site isproperly prepared and maintained.)

LEGEND FOR TURFGRASS

100

PLAN

T IND

EX

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME PAGE PLANT TYPE

African IrisAgeratumAlexander PalmAlgerian IvyAlgerian IvyAloeAloeAmaranthAmaryllisAmerican ElmAmerican HollyAmerican HophornbeamAmerican HornbeamAmerican WisteriaAngeloniaAngeloniaAngel’s TrumpetArizona CypressAsiatic JasmineAustralian Tree FernAustralian Tree FernAutumn FernAutumn FernAutumn FernAvocadoAwabuki ViburnumAwabuki ViburnumAzaleaAztec Lily BahiagrassBambooBamboo CycadBananaBananaBananaBanana ShrubBay CedarBeach SunflowerBeautyberryBermudagrassBird of ParadiseBismarck PalmBlack MangroveBlack OliveBlackberry LilyBlack-Eyed SusanBlack-Eyed Susan Black-Eyed Susan VineBlanket FlowerBlazing Star

Dietes iridoidesAgeratum spp.Ptychosperma elegansHedera canariensisHedera canariensisAloe spp.Aloe spp.Amaranthus spp.Hippeastrum spp.Ulmus americanaIlex opacaOstrya virginianaCarpinus carolinianaWisteria frutescensAngelonia angustifoliaAngelonia angustifoliaBrugmansia XcandidaCupressus arizonica var.Trachelospermum asiaticumSphaeropteris cooperiSphaeropteris cooperiDryopteris spp.Dryopteris spp.Dryopteris spp.Persea americanaViburnum odoratissimumViburnum odoratissimum var. awabukiRhododendron cvs.Sprekelia formosissimaPaspalum notatumBambusa spp. Ceratozamia hildaeMusa spp.Musa spp.Musa spp.Magnolia figoSuriana maritimaHelianthus debilisCallicarpa americanaCynodon dactylonStrelitzia reginaeBismarckia nobilisAvicennia germinansBucida bucerasBelamcanda chinensisRudbeckia hirtaRudbeckia hirtaThunbergia alataGaillardia pulchellaLiatris spp.

86 Perennial95 Annuals78 Palm or Palm-Like68 Vine71 Groundcover64 Small Shrub83 Perennial95 Annuals89 Perennial37 Large Tree40 Medium Tree40 Medium Tree38 Medium Tree69 Vine84 Perennial95 Annuals52 Large Shrub39 Medium Tree73 Groundcover82 Fern93 Perennial70 Groundcover81 Fern87 Perennial34 Large Tree49 Small Tree63 Large Shrub61 Large Shrub93 Perennial99 Turfgrass51 Large Shrub76 Palm or Palm-Like46 Small Tree59 Large Shrub91 Perennial46 Small Tree61 Large Shrub88 Perennial52 Large Shrub99 Turfgrass66 Small Shrub76 Palm or Palm-Like38 Medium Tree32 Large Tree84 Perennial97 Annuals92 Perennial69 Vine87 Perennial90 Perennial

PLANT INDEX

101

PLAN

T IND

EXCOMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME PAGE PLANT TYPE

Blood Lily Blue DazeBlue DazeBlue PhloxBlue-Eyed GrassBluestem GrassBluff OakBottlebrushBottlebrushBougainvilleaBower VineBoxthornBracken FernBracken FernBrittle Thatch PalmBromeliadsBuccaneer PalmBuckthornBugleweedBugleweedBulbineBush AllamandaBush DaisyBush DaisyButterfly BushButterfly LilyButtonbushButtonbushButtonwoodButtonwoodCabbage PalmCaladiumCaladiumCamelliaCamelliaCanna Lily Cardboard PlantCardboard PlantCarolina AllspiceCarolina BuckthornCarolina JessamineCarolina SilverbellCarpentaria PalmCarpentaria PalmCast Iron PlantCast Iron PlantCedar ElmCelosiaCentipedegrassCentury PlantCentury PlantChaste Tree

Haemanthus multiflorusEvolvulus glomeratusEvolvulus glomeratusPhlox divaricataSisyrinchium angustifoliumAndropogon spp.Quercus austrinaCallistemon spp.Callistemon spp.Bougainvillea cvs.Pandorea jasminoidesSeverinia buxifoliaPteridium aquilinumPteridium aquilinumThrinax morrisiiBromeliaceae genera Pseudophoenix sargentiiSideroxylon spp. Ajuga reptansAjuga reptansBulbine frutescensAllamanda neriifoliaGamolepis spp.Euryops spp.Buddleia lindleyanaHedychium spp.Cephalanthus occidentalisCephalanthus occidentalisConocarpus erectusConocarpus erectusSabal palmettoCaladium XhortulanumCaladium XhortulanumCamellia japonicaCamellia japonicaCanna spp.Zamia furfuraceaZamia furfuraceaCalycanthus floridusRhamnus carolinianaGelsemium sempervirensHalesia carolinaCarpentaria acuminataCarpentaria acuminataAspidistra elatiorAspidistra elatiorUlmus crassifoliaCelosia spp.Eremochloa ophiuroidesAgave spp.Agave spp.Vitex agnus-castus

88 Perennial71 Groundcover87 Perennial92 Perennial92 Perennial74 Grass36 Large Tree43 Small Tree52 Large Shrub67 Vine69 Vine61 Large Shrub82 Fern92 Perennial79 Palm or Palm-Like85 Perennial78 Palm or Palm-Like48 Small Tree70 Groundcover83 Perennial85 Perennial50 Large Shrub64 Small Shrub87 Perennial52 Large Shrub88 Perennial43 Small Tree53 Large Shrub32 Large Tree54 Large Shrub79 Palm or Palm-Like85 Perennial95 Annuals43 Small Tree53 Large Shrub85 Perennial73 Groundcover80 Palm or Palm-Like52 Large Shrub60 Large Shrub68 Vine33 Large Tree38 Medium Tree76 Palm or Palm-Like70 Groundcover84 Perennial37 Large Tree95 Annuals99 Turfgrass50 Large Shrub83 Perennial63 Large Shrub

102

PLAN

T IND

EX


Chenille PlantChickasaw PlumChinese ElmChinese Fan PalmChinese FringetreeChinese HollyChinese HollyChinese JuniperChristmas SennaCinnamon FernCinnamon FernCleyeraClimbing AsterClimbing HydrangeaCocoplumColeusColeusCommon WitchhazelConfederate JasmineCoontieCoontieCopper LeafCoral BeanCordgrassCrape JasmineCrapemyrtleCreeping FigCreeping JuniperCrinum LilyCross VineCrotonCurcumaDahoon HollyDate PalmsDaylilyDesert CassiaDesert CassiaDevil’s WalkingstickDevil’s WalkingstickDowny JasmineDowny JasmineDutchman’s PipeDwarf Chenille PlantDwarf PalmettoDwarf PalmettoDwarf ScheffleraEast Palatka HollyEastern RedbudElliott’s LovegrassEnglish DogwoodEnglish IvyEnglish Ivy

Acalypha hispidaPrunus angustifoliaUlmus parvifolia and cvs.Livistona spp.Chionanthus retususIlex cornuta and cvs.Ilex cornuta and cvs.Juniperus chinensis and cvs.Senna bicapsularisOsmunda cinnamomeaOsmunda cinnamomeaTernstroemia gymnantheraAster carolinianusDecumaria barbaraChrysobalanus icacoSolenostemon scuttellarioidesSolenostemon scuttellarioidesHamamelis virginianaTrachelospermum jasminoidesZamia floridanaZamia floridanaAcalypha wilkesianaErythrina herbaceaSpartina spp.Tabernaemontana divaricataLagerstroemia indicaFicus pumilaJuniperus horizontalis and cvs.Crinum spp.Bignonia capreolataCodiaeum variegatumCurcuma spp.Ilex cassine and cvs.Phoenix spp.Hemerocallis spp.Senna polyphyllaSenna polyphyllaAralia spinosaAralia spinosaJasminum multiflorumJasminum multiflorumAristolochia spp.Acalypha reptansSabal minorSabal minorHeptapleurum arboricolaIlex Xattenuata and cvs.Cercis canadensisEragrostis elliottiiPhiladelphus inodorusHedera helixHedera helix

64 Small Shrub48 Small Tree37 Large Tree77 Palm or Palm-Like44 Small Tree45 Small Tree57 Large Shrub58 Large Shrub61 Large Shrub82 Fern91 Perennial62 Large Shrub67 Vine67 Vine53 Large Shrub93 Perennial97 Annuals56 Large Shrub69 Vine73 Groundcover80 Palm or Palm-Like50 Large Shrub55 Large Shrub75 Grasses61 Large Shrub40 Medium Tree67 Vine71 Groundcover86 Perennial67 Vine54 Large Shrub86 Perennial40 Medium Tree78 Palm or Palm-Like89 Perennial48 Small Tree61 Large Shrub42 Small Tree51 Large Shrub57 Large Shrub68 Vine67 Vine83 Perennial61 Large Shrub79 Palm or Palm-Like56 Large Shrub39 Medium Tree38 Medium Tree74 Grass59 Large Shrub68 Vine71 Groundcover

103

PLAN

T IND


European Fan PalmEuropean Fan PalmEvergreen PaspalumEvergreen WisteriaFakahatchee GrassFalse RosemaryFetterbushFiddlewoodFiddlewoodFirebushFirecracker FlowerFirecracker PlantFirecracker PlantFirespikeFirethornFishtail PalmFlamingo PlantFlatwoods PlumFlax LilyFlorida Flame AzaleaFlorida Gama GrassFlorida PrivetFlorida PrivetFlorida Thatch PalmFloss-Silk TreeFlowering DogwoodFormosa PalmFormosa PalmFortune’s MahoniaFoxtail PalmFrangipaniFringetreeGallberryGardeniaGazania Gazania Geiger TreeGiant Bird of ParadiseGiant Sword FernGiant Sword FernGloriosa LilyGlossy AbeliaGolden CreeperGolden DewdropGolden ShowerGolden Shrimp PlantGolden Shrimp PlantGoldenrodGreen AshGroundsel BushGroundsel BushGumbo Limbo

Chamaerops humilisChamaerops humilisPaspalum quadrifariumMillettia reticulataTripsacum dactyloidesConradina spp.Lyonia lucidaCitharexylum spinosumCitharexylum spinosumHamelia patensCrossandra spp.Russelia equisetiformisRusselia sarmentosaOdontonema strictumPyracantha coccineaCaryota mitisJusticia carneaPrunus umbellataDianella spp.Rhododendron austrinumTripsacum floridanaForestiera segregataForestiera segregataThrinax radiataChorisia speciosaCornus floridaArenga engleriArenga engleriMahonia fortuneiWodyetia bifurcataPlumeria rubraChionanthus virginicusIlex glabraGardenia jasminoidesGazania spp.Gazania spp.Cordia sebestenaStrelitzia nicolaiNephrolepis biserrataNephrolepis biserrataGloriosa spp.Abelia XgrandifloraErnodea littoralisDuranta erectaCassia fistulaPachystachys lutea Pachystachys lutea Solidago spp.Fraxinus pennsylvanicaBaccharis halimifoliaBaccharis halimifoliaBursera simaruba

43 Small Tree77 Palm or Palm-Like75 Grass68 Vine75 Grass85 Perennial65 Small Shrub44 Small Tree54 Large Shrub56 Large Shrub86 Perennial66 Small Shrub66 Small Shrub91 Perennial65 Small Shrub76 Palm or Palm-Like96 Annuals48 Small Tree86 Perennial60 Large Shrub75 Grass45 Small Tree55 Large Shrub79 Palm or Palm-Like32 Large Tree44 Small Tree42 Small Tree76 Palm or Palm-Like65 Small Shrub80 Palm or Palm-Like47 Small Tree44 Small Tree46 Small Tree55 Large Shrub88 Perennial96 Annuals39 Medium Tree61 Large Shrub72 Groundcover81 Fern88 Perennial50 Large Shrub71 Groundcover55 Large Shrub38 Medium Tree91 Perennial97 Annuals93 Perennial33 Large Tree42 Small Tree51 Large Shrub38 Medium Tree

104

PLAN

T IND

EX


HawthornHawthornHeliconia Hercules’ ClubHibiscusHickoriesHolly FernHolly FernHoneysuckleHopbushHurricane LilyHydrangeaImpatiensImpatiens Indian HawthornIndian HawthornInkberryIxoraJaboticabaJacarandaJacobiniaJamaica Caper TreeJamaica Caper TreeJamaican DogwoodJapanese AraliaJapanese ArdisiaJapanese BarberryJapanese BlueberryJapanese Plum YewJapanese Plum YewKalanchoeKentia PalmKing’s MantleLady of the NightLady PalmLaurelleaf SnailseedLeather FernLeather FernLeather FernLeatherleaf FernLeatherleaf FernLemongrass LigustrumLigustrumLily of the NileLion’s EarLiriopeLiriopeLittle Blue Stem GrassLive OakLoblolly BayLoblolly Pine

Crataegus spp.Crataegus spp.Heliconia spp.Zanthoxylum clava-herculisHibiscus spp.Carya spp.Cyrtomium falcatumCyrtomium falcatumLonicera sempervirensDodonaea viscosaLycoris spp.Hydrangea macrophyllaImpatiens spp.Impatiens spp.Raphiolepis spp. and cvs.Raphiolepis spp. and cvs.Scaevola plumieriIxora coccineaMyrciaria caulifloraJacaranda mimosifoliaJusticia carneaCapparis cynophallophoraCapparis cynophallophoraPiscidia piscipulaFatsia japonicaArdisia japonicaBerberis thunbergiiElaeocarpus decipiensCephalotaxus harringtoniaCephalotaxus harringtoniaKalanchoe blossfeldianaHowea forsteranaThunbergia erectaBrunfelsia americanaRhapis excelsaCocculus laurifoliusAcrostichum danaeifoliumAcrostichum danaeifoliumAcrostichum danaeifoliumRumohra adiantiformisRumohra adiantiformisCymbopogon citratusLigustrum japonicum and cvs.Ligustrum japonicum and cvs.Agapanthus africanusLeonotis leonurusLiriope muscari and cvs.Liriope muscari and cvs.Schizachyrium scopariumQuercus virginianaGordonia lasianthusPinus taeda

39 Medium Tree54 Large Shrub88 Perennial41 Medium Tree56 Large Shrub32 Large Tree70 Groundcover81 Fern68 Vine45 Small Tree90 Perennial56 Large Shrub89 Perennial96 Annuals48 Small Tree65 Small Shrub73 Groundcover65 Small Shrub47 Small Tree40 Medium Tree89 Perennial43 Small Tree53 Large Shrub35 Large Tree55 Large Shrub70 Groundcover52 Large Shrub39 Medium Tree43 Small Tree53 Large Shrub90 Perennial77 Palm or Palm-Like62 Large Shrub64 Small Shrub78 Palm or Palm-Like54 Large Shrub50 Large Shrub81 Fern83 Perennial72 Groundcover82 Fern74 Grass46 Small Tree58 Large Shrub83 Perennial90 Perennial72 Groundcover90 Perennial75 Grass36 Large Tree33 Large Tree35 Large Tree

105

PLAN

T IND


Longleaf PineLoquatLoropetalumLouisiana IrisLycheeMacarthur PalmMahogany FernMahogany FernMajesty Palm MarigoldMarlberryMarlberryMary Nell HollyMary Nell HollyMaypopMexican HeatherMexican SagoMexican SunflowerMilkweed Miniature Fishtail PalmMiniature HollyMondo GrassMorning GloryMuhly GrassNatal PlumNatal PlumNecklace PodNeedle Palm Nellie R. Stevens HollyNorthern Slash PineNuttall OakOakleaf HydrangeaOleanderOliveOrange JessamineOrange JessamineOrange PlumOrange PlumOregon HollygrapeOvercup OakPanic GrassPansyParadise TreePaurotis PalmPawpawPawpawPeacock GingerPentasPentasPeregrinaPeregrinaPerennial Peanut

Pinus palustrisEriobotrya japonicaLoropetalum chinense and cvs.Iris hexagonaLitchi chinensisPtychosperma macarthuriDidymochlaena truncatulaDidymochlaena truncatulaRavenea rivularisTagetes spp.Ardisia escallonioidesArdisia escallonioidesIlex X‘Mary Nell’Ilex X‘Mary Nell’Passiflora incarnataCuphea hyssopifoliaDioon eduleTithonia rotundifloraAsclepias spp.Chamaedorea spp.Malpighia coccigeraOphiopogon japonicus and cvs.Ipomoea spp.Muhlenbergia capillarisCarissa macrocarpaCarissa macrocarpaSophora tomentosaRhapidophyllum hystrixIlex X‘Nellie R. Stevens’Pinus elliottii var. elliottiiQuercus nuttalliiHydrangea quercifoliaNerium oleanderOlea europaeaCestrum aurantiacumMurraya paniculataJusticia spicigeraJusticia spicigeraMahonia bealeiQuercus lyrataPanicum virgatum and cvs.Viola XwittrockianaSimarouba glaucaAcoelorrhaphe wrightiiAsimina spp.Asimina spp.Kaempferia spp.Pentas lanceolataPentas lanceolataJatropha integerrimaJatropha integerrimaArachis glabrata

35 Large Tree45 Small Tree58 Large Shrub89 Perennial34 Large Tree78 Palm or Palm-Like81 Fern86 Perennial78 Palm or Palm-Like97 Annuals42 Small Tree51 Large Shrub45 Small Tree57 Large Shrub69 Vine86 Perennial77 Palm or Palm-Like97 Annuals84 Perennial77 Palm or Palm-Like65 Small Shrub72 Groundcover68 Vine75 Grass53 Large Shrub64 Small Shrub48 Small Tree78 Palm or Palm-Like45 Small Tree35 Large Tree36 Large Tree56 Large Shrub59 Large Shrub47 Small Tree53 Large Shrub58 Large Shrub90 Perennial96 Annuals58 Large Shrub41 Medium Tree75 Grass98 Annuals36 Large Tree76 Palm or Palm-Like51 Large Shrub84 Perennial90 Perennial91 Perennial97 Annuals46 Small Tree58 Large Shrub70 Groundcover

106

PLAN

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EX


PeriwinklePeriwinklePeriwinklePetuniaPhilodendronPhilodendronPigeonplumPindo PalmPindo PalmPine Cone GingerPineapple GuavaPink AllamandaPink PowderpuffPink Trumpet TreePinxter AzaleaPipestemPittosporumPlectranthusPlumbagoPodocarpusPodocarpusPoincianaPoincianaPond CypressPonytail PalmPop AshPorterweedPossumhawPot Marigold PowderpuffPowderpuffPrimrose JasminePrincess FlowerPurple ConeflowerPurple Glory TreePurple LovegrassPurple Trumpet TreeQueen’s WreathRailroad VineRain LilyRangoon CreeperRed BayRed BuckeyeRed CedarRed MangroveRed MapleRed PowderpuffReeve’s SpireaRiver BirchRiver OatsRoseRosemary

Vinca majorCatharanthus roseusCatharanthus roseusPetunia XhybridaPhilodendron cvs.Philodendron spp. and cvs.Coccoloba diversifoliaButia capitataButia capitataZingiber zerumbetAcca sellowianaMandevilla cvs.Calliandra emarginataTabebuia heterophyllaRhododendron canescensAgarista populifoliaPittosporum tobira cvs.Plectranthus spp.Plumbago auriculata cvs.Podocarpus macrophyllus and cvs.Podocarpus macrophyllus and cvs.Caesalpinia spp. and cvs.Caesalpinia spp. and cvs.Taxodium spp.Nolina recurvataFraxinus carolinianaStachytarpheta spp.Ilex deciduaCalendula spp.Calliandra spp. and cvs.Mimosa strigillosaJasminum mesnyiTibouchina urvilleanaEchinacea purpureaTibouchina granulosaEragrostis spectabilisTabebuia impetiginosaPetrea volubilisIpomoea spp.Zephyranthes spp.Quisqualis indicaPersea borboniaAesculus paviaJuniperus virginianaRhizophora mangleAcer rubrumCalliandra haematocephalaSpiraea spp.Betula nigraChasmanthium latifoliumRosa spp.Rosmarinus spp.

73 Groundcover85 Perennial95 Annuals97 Annuals60 Large Shrub91 Perennial39 Medium Tree42 Small Tree76 Palm or Palm-Like94 Perennial50 Large Shrub68 Vine64 Small Shrub41 Medium Tree60 Large Shrub50 Large Shrub60 Large Shrub92 Perennial92 Perennial47 Small Tree60 Large Shrub38 Medium Tree64 Small Shrub37 Large Tree78 Palm or Palm-Like33 Large Tree93 Perennial45 Small Tree95 Annuals42 Small Tree72 Groundcover57 Large Shrub62 Large Shrub87 Perennial62 Large Shrub74 Grass41 Medium Tree69 Vine71 Groundcover93 Perennial69 Vine40 Medium Tree42 Small Tree33 Large Tree41 Medium Tree32 Large Tree52 Large Shrub66 Small Shrub32 Large Tree74 Grass66 Small Shrub66 Small Shrub

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Round HollyRoyal FernRoyal FernRoyal Palm Royal PoincianaRudbeckiaRudbeckiaRuffled Fan PalmRusty BlackhawRusty BlackhawRusty LyoniaSalt GrassSalviaSand Live OakSand PineSandankwa ViburnumSasanquaSasanquaSatinleafSaucer MagnoliaSaw PalmettoSawtooth OakScorpion TailScrub PalmettoScrub PalmettoSeagrapeSeagrapeSelloumShell GingerShore JuniperShortleaf FigShrimp PlantShrimp PlantShumard OakSilver PalmSilver Trumpet TreeSimpson’s StopperSimpson’s StopperSlender Lady Palm Small-Leaf ConfederateSnowbushSociety GarlicSouthern MagnoliaSouthern Maidenhair FernSouthern Maidenhair FernSouthern Red CedarSouthern Red OakSouthern Shield FernSouthern Shield FernSouthern Slash PineSouthern Sugar MapleSparkleberry

Ilex rotundaOsmunda regalisOsmunda regalisRoystonea regiaDelonix regiaRudbeckia fulgidaRudbeckia fulgidaLicuala grandisViburnum rufidulumViburnum rufidulumLyonia ferrugineaDistichlis spicataSalvia spp.Quercus geminataPinus clausaVibernum suspensumCamellia sasanquaCamellia sasanquaChrysophyllum oliviformeMagnolia XsoulangianaSerenoa repensQuercus acutissimaHeliotropium angiospermumSabal etoniaSabal etoniaCoccoloba uviferaCoccoloba uviferaPhilodendron bipinnatifidumAlpinia spp.Juniperus conferta and cvs.Ficus citrifoliaJusticia brandegeanaJusticia brandegeanaQuercus shumardiiCoccothrinax argentataTabebuia aureaMyrcianthes fragransMyrcianthes fragransRhapis humilisTrachelospermum asiaticumBreynia distichaTulbaghia violaceaMagnolia grandiflora and cvs.Adiantum capillus-venerisAdiantum capillus-venerisJuniperus silicicolaQuercus falcataThelypteris kunthiiThelypteris kunthiiPinus elliottii var. densaAcer barbatumVaccinium arboreum

40 Medium Tree82 Fern91 Perennial79 Palm or Palm-Like39 Medium Tree92 Perennial97 Annuals77 Palm or Palm-Like49 Small Tree63 Large Shrub58 Large Shrub74 Grass92 Perennial48 Small Tree34 Large Tree63 Large Shrub43 Small Tree53 Large Shrub38 Medium Tree46 Small Tree79 Palm or Palm-Like35 Large Tree88 Perennial66 Small Shrub79 Palm or Palm-Like44 Small Tree54 Large Shrub59 Large Shrub83 Perennial71 Groundcover39 Medium Tree89 Perennial96 Annuals36 Large Tree77 Palm or Palm-Like49 Small Tree47 Small Tree59 Large Shrub79 Palm or Palm-Like73 Groundcover64 Small Shrub93 Perennial34 Large Tree81 Fern83 Perennial40 Medium Tree36 Large Tree73 Groundcover82 Fern34 Large Tree32 Large Tree62 Large Shrub

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Spider LilySpiral GingerSpotted HorsemintSpruce PineSt. Augustinegrass St. Bernard’s LilyStar AniseStar AniseStar JasmineStokes’ AsterStoppersStoppersStrangler FigSwamp BaySwamp Chestnut OakSwamp DogwoodSwamp FernSwamp FernSwamp SunflowerSweet AcaciaSweet AcaciaSweet Almond BushSweet AlyssumSweet Bay MagnoliaSweet PepperbushSweet ViburnumSweet ViburnumSweetgumSword FernSword FernSycamoreTaiwan CherryTampa VervainTasmanian Tree FernTasmanian Tree FernTea OliveTexas SageThryallisTi PlantTickseedTickseedTiger GrassTitiTitiTrailing LantanaTrumpet CreeperTulip PoplarTupeloTurkey Tangle FogfruitTurk’s CapTwin FlowerTwin Flower

Hymenocallis spp.Costus spp.Monarda punctataPinus glabraStenotaphrum secundatumAnthericum sanderiIllicium spp.Illicium spp.Jasminum nitidumStokesia laevisEugenia spp. Eugenia spp. Ficus aureaPersea palustrisQuercus michauxiiCornus foeminaBlechnum serrulatumBlechnum serrulatumHelianthus angustifoliusAcacia farnesianaAcacia farnesianaAloysia virgataLobularia maritimaMagnolia virginiana and cvs.Clethra alnifoliaViburnum odoratissimumViburnum odoratissimumLiquidambar styracifluaNephrolepis exaltataNephrolepis exaltataPlatanus occidentalisPrunus campanulataGlandularia tampensisDicksonia antarcticaDicksonia antarcticaOsmanthus fragransLeucophyllum frutescensGalphimia glaucaCordyline spp. and cvs. Coreopsis spp.Coreopsis spp.Thysanolaena maximaCyrilla racemifloraCyrilla racemifloraLantana montevidensisCampsis radicansLiriodendron tulipiferaNyssa sylvaticaPhyla nodifloraMalvaviscus arboreusDyschoriste oblongifoliaDyschoriste oblongifolia

89 Perennial85 Perennial96 Annuals35 Large Tree99 Turfgrass70 Groundcover46 Small Tree57 Large Shrub57 Large Shrub93 Perennial45 Small Tree55 Large Shrub32 Large Tree41 Medium Tree36 Large Tree44 Small Tree81 Fern84 Perennial88 Perennial42 Small Tree50 Large Shrub51 Large Shrub96 Annuals34 Large Tree54 Large Shrub49 Small Tree62 Large Shrub33 Large Tree72 Groundcover82 Fern35 Large Tree48 Small Tree71 Groundcover81 Fern86 Perennial59 Large Shrub65 Small Shrub55 Large Shrub54 Large Shrub85 Perennial96 Annuals75 Grass44 Small Tree55 Large Shrub72 Groundcover67 Vine33 Large Tree34 Large Tree72 Groundcover58 Large Shrub70 Groundcover87 Perennial

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Two-Wing SilverbellVioletVirginia Iris Virginia WillowVoodoo LilyWalking IrisWalter’s ViburnumWalter’s ViburnumWashington PalmWax BegoniaWax BegoniaWax MyrtleWax MyrtleWeeping Fern PineWeeping Fern PineWeeping LantanaWest Indian MahoganyWhite AshWhite GauraWhite GeigerWhite OakWild CinnamonWild CoffeeWild HydrangeaWild OliveWild OliveWild SageWild TamarindWindmill PalmWinged ElmWintergreen BarberryWiregrass Wishbone FlowerYaupon HollyYaupon HollyYellow AllamandaYellow Butterfly PalmYellow ElderYellow ElderYellow Shrimp PlantYellow Trumpet TreeYellowtop Yesterday-Today-and-TomorrowYuccaZebra GrassZinniaZoysiagrass

Halesia dipteraViola spp.Iris virginicaItea virginicaAmorphophallus spp.Neomarica gracilisViburnum obovatum and cvs.Viburnum obovatum and cvs.Washingtonia robustaBegonia Xsemperflorens-cultorumBegonia Xsemperflorens-cultorumMyrica cerifera and cvs.Myrica cerifera and cvs.Podocarpus graciliorPodocarpus graciliorLantana depressaSwietenia mahagoniFraxinus americanaGaura lindheimeriCordia boissieriQuercus albaCanella winteranaPsychotria nervosaHydrangea arborescensOsmanthus americanusOsmanthus americanusLantana involucrataLysiloma latisiliquumTrachycarpus fortuneiUlmus alataBerberis julianaeAristida stricta var. beyrichianaTorenia fournieriIlex vomitoria and cvs.Ilex vomitoria and cvs.Allamanda catharticaChrysalidocarpus lutescensTecoma stansTecoma stansBarleria micansTabebuia chrysotrichaFlaveria linearisBrunfelsia grandifloraYucca spp.Miscanthus sinensisZinnia hybridsZoysia japonicaCeratozamia kuesteriana

56 Large Shrub98 Annuals89 Perennial57 Large Shrub84 Perennial91 Perennial49 Small Tree62 Large Shrub80 Palm or Palm-Like84 Perennial95 Annuals47 Small Tree59 Large Shrub41 Medium Tree60 Large Shrub65 Small Shrub36 Large Tree33 Large Tree87 Perennial44 Small Tree35 Large Tree43 Small Tree60 Large Shrub56 Large Shrub47 Small Tree59 Large Shrub90 Perennial34 Large Tree80 Palm or Palm-Like37 Large Tree51 Large Shrub74 Grass98 Annuals46 Small Tree57 Large Shrub67 Vine77 Palm or Palm-Like49 Small Tree62 Large Shrub51 Large Shrub41 Medium Tree87 Perennial52 Large Shrub63 Large Shrub74 Grass98 Annuals99 Turfgrass76 Palm or Palm-Like


REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONBlack, R.J. and E.F. Gilman. 2004. Landscape Plants for the

Gulf and South Atlantic Coasts. University Press of Florida,Gainesville. 230 pp.

Broschat, T.K. and A.W. Meerow. 1999. Betrock’s Reference Guide toFlorida’s Landscape Plants. Betrock Information Systems, Inc.,U.S.A. 428 pp.

Dehgan, B. 1998. Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates.University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 638 pp

Floridata Plant Profiles. 2005. http://Floridata.com

Florida Department of Environmental Protection. 2008. FloridaGreen Industries Best Management Practices for Protection of WaterResources in Florida.

Florida Department of Environmental Protection and University ofFlorida. 2009. Florida-friendly Landscape Guidance Models forOrdinances, Covenants, and Restrictions.

Florida Department of Environmental Protection and University ofFlorida. 2009. Florida Yards and Neighborhoods Handbook.

Haehle, R.G. and J. Brookwell. 2004. Native Florida Plants. TaylorTrade Publishing, New York. 400 pp.

Meerow, A.W. 1999. Betrock’s Guide to Landscape Palms. BetrockInformation Systems. Hollywood, FL. 138 pp.

Nelson, G. 2003. Florida’s Best Native Landscape Plants. UniversityPress of Florida, Gainesville. 411 pp.

Osorio, R. 2001. A Gardener’s Guide to Florida’s Native Plants.University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 345 pp.

USDA, NRCS. 2005. The Plants Database, Version 3.5(http://plants.usda.gov). Data compiled from various sources byMark W. Skinner. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge LA70874-4490 USA.

Watkins, J., T.J. Sheehan, and R.J. Black. 2005. Florida LandscapePlants, Native and Exotic, 2nd Ed. University Press of Florida,Gainesville. 468 pp.

University of Florida Environmental Horticulture Department,Woody Ornamental Landscape pages by Ed Gilman. 2009.http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/woody.html

PHOTO CREDITSBowden, Robert.

Small Trees: Arenga engleri, Magnolia figo, Prunus campanulata, Tabebuia aurea.Large Shrubs: Agarista populifolia, Agave spp., Aloysia virgata, Barleria micans,Callicarpa americana, Cestrum aurantiacum, Erythrina herbacea, Galphimia glauca,Gardenia jasminoides, Malvaviscus arboreus, Philodendron selloum, Psychotria nervosa,Rhododendron cvs., Sabal minor, Severinia buxifolia, Tabernaemontana divaricata,Thunbergia erecta, Viburnum suspensum.Small Shrubs: Aloe spp., Malpighia coccigera, Pyracantha coccinea, Sabal etonia,Spiraea spp.Vines: Aster carolinianus, Aristolochia spp., Bignonia capreolata, Hedera canariensis,Hedera helix, Petraea volubilis, Trachelospermum jasminoides, Wisteria frutescens.Groundcovers: Anthericum sanderii, Arachis glabrata, Evolvulus glomeratus, Hederacanariensis, Hedera helix, Juniperus conferta, Trachelospermum asiaticum,Trachelospermum jasminoides, Zamia pumila.

Grasses: Chasmanthium latifolium, Panicum virgatum, Paspalum quadrifarium,Thysenolanea maxima, Tripsacum dactyloides.Palms and Palm-Like Plants: Arenga engleri, Chamaedorea spp., Licuala grandis,Ptychosperma macarthurii, Rhapis excelsa, Rhapis humilis, Sabal etonia, Sabal minor,Zamia pumila.Perennials: Agave spp., Aloe spp., Alpinia spp., Angelonia angustifolia, Belamcanda chi-nensis, Bromeliaceae genera, Bulbine frutescens, Crossandra spp., Curcuma spp.,Dianella spp., Dietes iridoides, Echinacea purpurea, Evolvulus glomeratus, Gaura lind-heimeri, Gloriosa spp., Hedychium spp., Helianthus debilis, Hippeastrum spp., Irishexagona, Justicia spicigera, Kaempferia spp., Leonotis leonurus, Pachystachys lutea,Plectranthus spp., Rudbeckia hirta, Solenostemon scuttellaroides, Stokesia laevis,Zephyranthes spp.Annuals: Amaranthus spp., Angelonia angustifolia, Calendula spp., Justicia spicigera,Pachystachys lutea, Petunia Xhybrida, Rudbeckia hirta, Solenostemon scuttellaroides,Torenia fournieri, Viola spp., Zinnia hybrids.

Brown, Stephen. Small Trees: Baccharis halimifolia, Sophora tomentosa.Large Shrubs: Acrostichum danaeifolium, Allamanda nerifolia, Baccharis halmifolia,Jasminum nitidum.Groundcovers: Ernodea littoralis, Scaevola plumieriGrasses: Cymbopogon citratus.Ferns: Acrostichum danaeifolium, Blechnum serrulatum.Perennials: Acrostichum danaeifolium, Blechnum serrulatum, Heliotropium angiosper-mum, Hymenocallis spp.

Caldwell, Doug.Medium Trees: Elaeocarpus decipens.

Davis, Jim. Perennials: Euryops spp.

Delvalle, Terry.Grasses: Schizachyrium scoparium.

Durr, Audrey. Medium Trees: Avicennia germinans.Ferns: Sphaeropteris cooperi.

Friday, Theresa. Perennials: Neomarica gracilis.

Gelmis, Georgia. Large Trees: Quercus virginiana.Palms and Palm-Like Plants: Trachycarpus fortunei.Perennials: Sphaeropteris cooperi

Gillman, Ed. Large Trees: Acer barbatum, Acer rubrum, Betula nigra, Bucida buceras, Carya spp.,Chorisia speciosa, Conocarpus erectus, Ficus aurea, Fraxinus americana, Fraxinus car-oliniana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Gordonia lasianthus, Halesia carolina, Juniperus vir-giniana, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Litchi chinensis, Lysilomalatisiliquum, Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia virginiana, Nyssa sylvatica, Persea ameri-cana, Pinus clausa, Pinus elliottii var densa, Pinus glabra, Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda,Piscidia piscipula, Platanus occidentalis, Quercus acutissima, Quercus alba, Quercus aus-trina, Quercus falcata, Quercus michauxii, Quercus nuttallii, Quercus shumardii,Simarouba glauca, Swietenia mahagoni, Taxodium spp., Ulmus alata, Ulmus americana,Ulmus crassifolia, Ulmus parvifolia.Medium Trees: Bursera simaruba, Caesalpinia spp, Carpentaria acuminata, Carpinuscaroliniana, Cassia fistula, Cercis canadensis, Chrysophyllum oliviforme, Cocoloba diver-sifolia, Cordia sebestena, Crataegus spp., Cypressus arizonica var. arizonica, Ficus citri-folia, Illex Xattenuata, Ilex cassine, Ilex opaca, Ilex rotunda, Jacaranda mimosifolia,Juniperus silicicola, Lagerstroemia indica, Ostrya virginiana, Persea borbonia,Podocarpus gracilior, Quercus lyrata, Rhizophora mangle, Tabebuia chrysotricha,Tabebuia heterophylla, Tabebuia impetiginosa.Small Trees: Acacia farnesiana, Aesculus pavia, Aralia spinosa, Ardisia escallonoides,Butia capitata, Callistemon spp., Camellia japonica, Camellia sasanqua, Canella winter-ana, Capparis cynophallophora, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Cornus florida, Eriobotryajaponica, Eugenia spp., Forestiera segregata, Ilex X‘Nellie R. Stevens’, Ilex cornuta, Ilexdecidua, Ilex vomitoria, Jatropha integerrima, Ligustrum japonicum, Magnolia Xsoulan-giana, Musa spp., Myrcianthes fragrans, Myrica cerifera, Olea europa, Osmanthus amer-icanus, Parkinsonia aculeata, Plumeria rubra, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Prunus angusti-folia, Prunus umbellata, Quercus geminata, Raphiolepis spp., Senna polyphylla,Sideroxylon spp., Tecoma stans, Viburnum obovatum, Viburnum odoratissimum,Viburnum odoratissiumu var awabuki, Viburnum rufidulum.Large Shrubs: Abelia Xgrandiflora, Acacia farnesia, Acca sellowiana, Aralia spinosa,Ardisia escallonioides, Asimina spp., Brugmansia Xcandida, Brunfelsia grandiflora,Buddleia lindleyana, Calliandra haematocephala, Camellia japonica, Camellia sasanqua,

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Additional Information

Capparis cynophallophora, Carissa macrocarpa, Cephalanthus occidentalis,Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Chrysobalanus icaco, Citharexylum spinosum, Coccolobauvifera, Cocculus laurifolius, Codiaeum variegatum, Conocarpus erectus, Cordyline spp.,Crataegus spp., Duranta erecta, Eugenia spp., Fatsia japonica, Forestiera segregata,Halesia diptera, Hamamelis virginiana, Hydrangea macrophylla, Hydrangea quercifolia,Ilex cornuta, Ilex vomitoria, Itea virginica, Jatropha integerrima, Juniperus chinensis,Ligustrum japonicum, Loropetalum chinense, Mahonia bealei, Murrya paniculata, Musaspp., Myrcianthes fragrans, Myrica cerifera, Nerium oleander, Osmanthus americanus,Philodendron cvs., Podocarpus gracilior, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Rhamnus caroliniana,Senna polyphylla, Strelitzia nicolai, Tecoma stans, Tibouchina urvilleana, Tibouchinagranulosa, Vaccinium arboreum, Viburnum obovatum, Viburnum odoratissimum,Viburnum odoratissimum var awabuki, Yucca spp.Small Shrubs: Breynia disticha, Caesalpinia spp., Ixora coccinea, Mahonia fortunei,Strelitzia reginae.Vines: Allamanda cathartica, Bougainvillea cvs., Campsis radicans, Gelsemium semper-virens, Lonicera sempervirens.Groundcovers: Ajuga reptans, Aspidistra elatior, Dryopteris spp., Liriope muscari, Zamiafurfuracea.Grasses: Miscanthus sinensis, Spartina spp., Tripsacum floridana.Palms and Palm-Like Plants: Acoelorrhaphe wrightii, Bismarckia nobilis, Butia capitata,Carpentaria acuminata, Caryota mitis, Chamaerops humilis, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens,Coccothrinax argentata, Howea forsterana, Livistona spp., Nolina recurvata, Phoenixspp., Pseudophoenix sargentii, Ravenea rivularis, Rhapidophyllum hystrix, Roystonearegia, Sabal palmetto, Serenoa repens, Thrinax morrisii, Thrinax radiata, Washingtoniarobusta, Wodyetia bifurcata, Zamia furfuracea.Ferns: Dryopteris spp.Perennials: Agapanthus africanus, Ajuga reptans, Asimina spp., Aspidistra elatior,Caladium Xhortulanum, Cuphea hyssopifolia, Dryopteris spp., Heliconia spp., Impatiensspp., Justicia brandegeana, Justicia carnea, Liriope muscari, Musa spp., Philodendroncvs., Stachytarpheta spp.Annuals: Ageratum spp., Caladium Xhortulanum, Celosia spp., Impatiens spp., Justiciabrandegeana, Justicia carnea.

Gasper, Joaquim. Large Shrubs: Nerium oleander-inset.

Girin, Bruno. Annuals: Viola Xwittrockiana.

Granson, Sandy.Small Trees: Calliandra spp., Dodonaea viscosa, Myrciaria cauliflora.Large Shrubs: Lyonia ferruginea, Suriana maritima.Small Shrubs: Acalypha hispida, Brunfelsia americana, Carissa macrocarpa, Gamolepisspp., Lantana depressa, Leucophyllum frutescens, Rosmarinus spp.Vines: Ficus pumila, Thunbergia alata.Grasses: Andropogon spp.Ferns: Pteridium aquilinum.Perennials: Begonia semperflorens, Hemerocallis spp., Lantana involucrata, Pteridiumaquilinum.Annuals: Begonia semperflorens, Monarda punctata.

Green, Tim. Ferns: Dicksonia antarctica.Perennials: Dicksonia antarctica.

Jacinto, Valter.Large Shrubs: Jasminum mesnyi.

Karekar, Kapil. Perennials: Haemanthus multiflorus.

Keisotyo. Small Trees: Podocarpus macrophyllus (inset).Large Shrubs: Podocarpus macrophyllus (inset).

Kenpei.Large Shrubs: Heptapleurum arboricolum, Hydrangea arborescens, Ternstroemia gymnan-thera.Small Shrubs: Raphiolepis spp.Groundcovers: Juniperus horizontalis, Ophiopogon japonicus.

Kern, Bill. Medium Trees: Persea palustris.Small Trees: Cyrilla racemiflora, Sophora tomentosa (inset).Large Shrubs: Cyrilla racemiflora, Senna bicapsularis.Small Shrubs: Lyonia lucida.

Larsen, Claudia. Large Shrubs: Calycanthus floridus, Rhododendron canescens.Groundcovers: Glandularia tampensis, Lantana montevidensis.Grasses: Eragrostis elliottii.Perennials: Conradina spp., Coreopsis spp., Flaveria linearis, Gaillardia pulchella,

Helianthus angustifolius, Sisyrinchium angustifolium, Solidago spp.Annuals: Coreopsis spp.

Murray, Ann. University of Florida/IFAS Center for Aquatic andInvasive PlantsFerns: Osmunda cinnamomea.Perennials: Iris virginica, Osmunda cinnamomea.

Niemann, Brian. Small Trees: Ilex X‘Mary Nell’.Large Shrubs: Berberis julianae, Clethra alnifolia, Ilex X‘Mary Nell’, Osmanthus fra-grans, Pittosporum tobira.Vines: Decumaria barbara.Groundcovers: Mimosa strigillosa.

Pagnier, Veronique. Vines: Mandevilla cvs.

Pellegrini, Mark. Groundcovers: Ardisia japonica.

Quillia, Oliver. Vines: Passiflora incarnata (inset).

Ramey, Vic. University of Florida/IFAS Center for Aquatic andInvasive PlantsSmall Trees: Cornus foemina.Large Shrubs: Rhododendron austrinum.Groundcovers: Nephrolepis biserrata.Ferns: Nephrolepis biserrata.

Richard, Amy. University of Florida/IFAS Center for Aquatic andInvasive PlantsGroundcovers: Nephrolepis exaltata.Ferns: Nephrolepis exaltata.

Schumaker, Paul.Groundcovers: Ipomoea spp.

Shebs, Stan.Groundcovers: Rumohra adiantiformis.Grasses: Aristida stricta var. beyrichiana.Ferns: Rumohra adiantiformis.

Storch, Hedwig. Perennials: Kalanchoe blossfeldiana.

Sullivan, Jessica. Medium Trees: Elaeocarpus decipens, Zanthoxylum clava-herculis.

Tau’olunga. Vines: Quisqualis indica.

Taylor, Kim. Large Shrubs: Hamelia patens.

Wasowski, Sally and Andy. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Groundcovers: Thelypteris kunthii.Ferns: Thelypteris kunthii.

Wichman, Tom. Large Shrubs: Bambusa spp., Hibiscus spp.Vines: Millettia reticulata.Groundcovers: Vinca major.Palms and Palm-Like Plants: Ceratozamia hildae, Ceratozamia kuesteriana, Dioonedule.Perennials: Amorphophallus spp., Asclepias spp., Lycoris spp.

Wilber, Wendy. Annuals: Tithonia rotundiflora.

Wildes, Carolyn. Small Shrubs: Russelia sarmentosa.

Yasalonis, Anne. Small Trees: Illicium spp.Large Shrubs: Illicium spp., Jasminum multiflorum.Small Shrubs: Russelia equisetiformis.Vines: Jasminum multiflorum.Groundcovers: Dyschoriste oblongifolia.Perennials: Conradina spp. (inset), Dyschoriste oblongifolia.

CREATE A FLORIDA-FRIENDLY LANDSCAPE

Yards and landscapes can be a positive asset to Florida. You can design and maintain your own Florida-

Friendly Landscape by following the simple practices in this book. You will learn the basics of designing a

landscape featuring carefully selected plants suited to Florida’s unique climate, natural conditions, and

wildlife.

We offer you cost-saving tips that, if implemented properly, will help you reduce water, fertilizer, and pesti-

cide use. There is also a helpful section for waterfront homeowners addressing the special concerns of shore-

line landscape management.

Whether you are starting from scratch with a new landscape or considering changes to an existing yard, the

Florida Yards & Neighborhoods Handbook offers helpful concepts, tools, and techniques for creating your

own Florida-Friendly yard. We hope you enjoy the publication and look forward to assisting you in creating

an aesthetically pleasing landscape that will also help to protect Florida’s natural resources.

Documents

Florida-Friendly Landscaping Guide to Plant Selection & Landscape