Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training

Unit 5.5MISSION SPECIFIC:Air Monitoring and Sampling

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Objectives

Identify IDLH conditions present at a hazardous materials emergency

Use air monitoring data to select proper personal protective equipment

Properly select, start, operate and interpret air monitoring instruments provided by the AHJ

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Instrument Characteristics

Calibration Start up procedures Sensitivity Accuracy Selectivity Response time Lag time Inherent safety

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Air Monitoring Requirements

Corrosivity (pH) Necessary to protect instruments

Radiological Flammability Oxygen Toxicity

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Devices

pH Litmus paperWettedRed/Blue

MetersNot feasible in emergency response

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Radiation Detection

Types Alpha Beta Gamma

Units of measure 1 REM = 1,000 Mrem 1 mREM = 1000 REM

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Radiation Detection

Detector Types Ion chambers Geiger Muller Scintillation Semiconductor

Gamma spectroscopy Identification of isotopes

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CGI

Wheatstone bridge or catalytic bead Very accurate to calibrating gas Readings expressed in % of LEL Affected by Temp, humidity, elevation Does not identify the gas Response factors needed

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Oxygen

Technology Electrochemical Very accurate Reading % of oxygen in air Shelf life of about 1 to 2 years Affected by temp

Poisoned by acids (CO2)

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Toxicity

Technology PID or Electrochemical Electrochemical

Chemical specific Reading PPM or % by vol. Most accurate to concentration of calibration gas Poisoned by acids or bases Affected by Interferences, temp

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Toxicity

Photo ionization detector Technology UV bulb to ionize material Not chemical specific Readings PPM Accurate to calibration gas Affected by Humidity, high concentrations Does not identify the gas Response factors needed

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WMD Detection M8 paper

Colorimetric paper Detects nerve agents, blister agents Reading Color change indicates agent present Easy to use Liquids only

M256A1 kit Technology Wet chemistry Detects Nerve agents, blister agents, cyanides Reading Color change indicates agent present Takes about 30 min to detect vapors Difficult to use in gear Interpretation required by user

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WMD Detection

APD2000 Technology IMS Detects Nerve agents, blister agents, pepper

and tear gas, gamma radiation Reading Indicates which agent present Very sensitive PPB False positives

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WMD Detection

Haz Mat CAD Technology Surface Acoustical Wave (SAW)

and electrochemical Detects Nerve agents, blister agents, cyanides

and TICs Readings Indicates which agent type present Very sensitive PPB False positives

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Biological Detection Protein screen

Indicates presence of protein Some screens also indicate extremes in pH

Immunoassay Some are very accurate Possible false positives or negatives

Results in minutes only a screening tool!!!!

PCR

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Summary

Air monitoring enables decision making Required detection activities

Flammability, oxygen, radiological, toxicity Instrument chacateristics Instrument calibration

Calibration, field calibration checks, bumping Relative response

Florida Operations Level Hazardous Materials Training

Activity 5.5Start-up and Use of Organization’s Detection Equipment