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Réalisé par Nabil SI HAMMOU
للمطارات الوطني المكتبNational Office of Airports
National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics
Modeling and simulation of passenger flow in Casablanca International Airport
Modeling and simulation of passenger flow in Casablanca International Airport
Nabil Si HammouOperations Research Engineer
Jury:
M. Ghali Maan Abdellaoui (INSEA)
M. Adelhamid Benttaieb (ONDA)
ONDAINSEA
Introduction:–Outline of the company–Context and objectives
Modeling of passenger processing :–Process description–Data–Management rules
Development of the IT program Test and results Conclusion
Plan
2
Casablanca International Airport
The National Office of Airports (ONDA) is a public and industrial organism with financial autonomy. It was created in 1979 in order to achieve the following goals:
3
The guarantee of the safety of the aviation at the airports and in the air space under national jurisdiction
The guarantee of the safety of the aviation at the airports and in the air space under national jurisdiction
The arrangement, the exploitation, the interview and the development of the civil airports of Morocco.
The arrangement, the exploitation, the interview and the development of the civil airports of Morocco.
The boarding, the landing, the transit and the routing on the ground passengers and goods transported by air
The boarding, the landing, the transit and the routing on the ground passengers and goods transported by air
The connection with the bodies and the international airports to meet the needs of the air traffic.
The connection with the bodies and the international airports to meet the needs of the air traffic.
11
22
33
44
The National Office of Airports (ONDA) ensures the development and exploitation of 15 international airports. The biggest of them is Casablanca International Airport (Mohamed V)
Outline of the companyOutline of the company
The Casablanca International Airport was created in 1980. In 2005, the number of passengers at the airport was more than 5 millions passengers. It holds 3 terminals and 2 runways.
Terminals : The airport holds 3 terminals.
– Total surface of the terminals is 110.000 m2 .
– Total expected capacity is around 11,4 millions passengers annually.
Aerodromes: Besides traffic lanes and parking of aircrafts, the aerodrome consists of 2 runways:
– Width: 45m .
– length : 3720m
4
Surface : 40 000m²Capacity: 5 millions passengers annually
Surface : 40 000m²Capacity: 5 millions passengers annually
Surface : 66 000m²Capacity: 6 millions passengers annually
Surface : 66 000m²Capacity: 6 millions passengers annually
Surface : 4 000m²Capacity: 400 000 passengers annually
Surface : 4 000m²Capacity: 400 000 passengers annually
Terminal 1
Terminal 1
Terminal 2
Terminal 2
Terminal 3
Terminal 3
Casablanca AirportCasablanca Airport
Casablanca International Airport
Public hallPublic hall
Check-in desks Check-in desks
Carpets of sorting of luggage
Carpets of sorting of luggage
Customs countersCustoms counters
Immigration formalities Counters
Immigration formalities Counters
Control filtersControl filters
Boarding room.Boarding room.
Departure ZoneDeparture Zone Arrival zoneArrival zone
Immigration formalities CountersImmigration formalities Counters
Transit ZoneTransit Zone
Check-in desks .Check-in desks .
Counters to buy flight ticket.
Counters to buy flight ticket.
Hall.Hall.
Public hallPublic hall
Customs countersCustoms counters
Luggage conveyorsLuggage conveyors
In Each terminal of Casablanca International Airport, we can subdivide the traffic area to three parts: departure zone , arrival zone and transit zone.
Casablanca AirportCasablanca Airport
Context and objectivesContext and objectives
Department of Casablanca Airport ( DCA ) works to ensure the good quality and continuity of services, and for the safety and security of air traffic at the Casablanca airport. For these reasons, many decisions are taken in order to achieve the target.
6
Strategic Tactical Operations
Horizon decision
Traffic forecasting Planning of airport infrastructure
Traffic forecasting Planning of airport infrastructure
Scheduling Scheduling
Operations controlDaily planningOperations controlDaily planning
Casablanca International Airport
Every day at the evening, the Department of Casablanca Airport (DCA) collaborate with other organisms of Casablanca Airport (Handling firms like Royal Air Maroc, Police and Customs ) in order to plan the allocation of resources for meeting the expected traffic in the next day.
Context and objectivesContext and objectives
Flight Planning CoordinationResource allocation
The optimal resource planning have to keep a total duration of passenger processing lower and the surface of each queue respected.
7
The objective of DCA is to determine the Optimal number of each type of resource should be assigned in order to ensure the good quality of passenger processing. This optima should be proved by a quantitative approach in order to enhance the quality of the estimation and facilitate consequently the negotiation with the other organisms (Royal Air Maroc, Police and Customs).
For that, given a flight planning for the next day, DCA have to estimate at first the consequence of each resource allocation scenario on the quality of passenger processing by expecting (1) the duration of passenger processing and (2) the congestion.
The duration of passenger processing and the congestion result from the interaction of both random and deterministic behaviors. Therefore, it’s necessary to develop a program of flow simulation for better forecasting the duration of passenger processing and the area occupied. That’s the purpose of our project.
Context and objectivesContext and objectives
8Casablanca International Airport
9
We distinguish three types of process: departure process, arrival process and transit process.
The transit process consists essentially of stages of the others processes.
Process descriptionProcess description
Departure process Arrival process Transit process
Casablanca International Airport
Controlled VariablesUncontrolled Variables
Static Dynamic
Dep
artu
re
proc
ess
Arr
ival
P
roce
ss
Airport facilities : Departure zone
Airport facilities : Departure zone
Airport facilities : Arrival zone
Airport facilities : Arrival zone
Flight departure planning
Flight departure planning
Expected passenger departure
Expected passenger departure
Flight arrival planning
Flight arrival planning
Expected passenger arrival
Expected passenger arrival
Service durationService duration
Routing durationRouting duration
Passenger’s behavior
Passenger’s behavior
Service durationService duration
Routing durationRouting duration
Passenger’s behavior
Passenger’s behavior
Random
phenom
ena
Random
phenom
ena
Resource Planning:
Departure process
Resource Planning:
Departure process
Model ParametersDecision Variables
Resource Planning:
Arrival Process
Resource Planning:
Arrival Process
Data structureData structure
In order to facilitate data collection, we have organized data structure accordingly to the following design:
10
Dep
artu
re
proc
ess
Arr
ival
Pro
cess
Decision Variables
Resource Planning: Police agentsResource Planning: Police agents Resource Planning: Customs
agents
Resource Planning: Customs agents
Number of police agents
working in shift 1
Number of police agents
working in shift 1 24h
Number of police agents
working in shift 2
Number of police agents
working in shift 2
Number of police agents
working in shift 3
Number of police agents
working in shift 3
Number of Customs
agents working in
shift 1
Number of Customs
agents working in
shift 1
24h
Number of Customs
agents working in
shift 2
Number of Customs
agents working in
shift 2
Number of customs
agents working in
shift 3
Number of customs
agents working in
shift 3
Decision variablesDecision variables
11Casablanca International Airport
Static data : We have collected data related to airport facilities through the diagnosis and the infrastructure documents besides the conversations with operation agents ( number of check in desk, number of customs desk ,….)
Dynamic data : ONDA is used to work with flight planning and expected passenger. These data are available in an Excel file
Random variables: we have collected data by using chronometer and we have modeled the statistical distribution of :
Each duration service , the routine duration of passenger .
Routing duration between each two successive stage in the process.
The arrival time of passenger in check-in zone.
For collecting data related to Model parameters, we have used specific ways for each type of data
A
B
C
BA C
Model parametersModel parameters
12
Casablanca International Airport
Dep
artu
re
proc
ess
Arr
ival
Pro
cess
Static Data (example terminal 1)
We have collected data related to airport facilities through the diagnosis and the infrastructure documents besides the conversations with operations agents
41 C
heck
-in
Des
k41
Che
ck-in
D
esk
2 cu
stom
des
k2
cust
om d
esk
At
mos
t, 3
cu
stom
s pe
r de
sk
At
mos
t, 3
cu
stom
s pe
r de
sk
8 Im
mig
ratio
n fo
rmal
ities
des
k8
Imm
igra
tion
form
aliti
es d
esk
At
mos
t, 2
Im
mig
ratio
n fo
rmal
ities
des
k
At
mos
t, 2
Im
mig
ratio
n fo
rmal
ities
des
k
8 in
tern
atio
nal
Boa
rdin
g ro
oms
8 in
tern
atio
nal
Boa
rdin
g ro
oms
1 na
tiona
l B
oard
ing
room
s1
natio
nal
Boa
rdin
g ro
oms
1 co
ntro
l file
r fo
r ea
ch
boar
ding
roo
m
1 co
ntro
l file
r fo
r ea
ch
boar
ding
roo
m
8 Im
mig
ratio
n fo
rmal
ities
des
k8
Imm
igra
tion
form
aliti
es d
esk
At
mos
t, 2
Im
mig
ratio
n fo
rmal
ities
des
k
At
mos
t, 2
Im
mig
ratio
n fo
rmal
ities
des
k
1 cu
stom
des
k1
cust
om d
esk
At
mos
t, 5
cu
stom
s pe
r de
sk
At
mos
t, 5
cu
stom
s pe
r de
sk
Static dataStatic data
13
Casablanca International Airport
Dep
artu
re
proc
ess
Arr
ival
Pro
cess
Dynamic Data
ONDA is used to work with flight planning and expected passenger. These data are available in an Excel file
Pla
nnin
g of
de
part
ure
fligh
tP
lann
ing
of
depa
rtur
e fli
ght
The
num
ber
of
expe
cted
pa
ssen
gers
The
num
ber
of
expe
cted
pa
ssen
gers
Pla
nnin
g of
ar
rival
fli
ght
Pla
nnin
g of
ar
rival
fli
ght
The
num
ber
of
expe
cted
pa
ssen
gers
The
num
ber
of
expe
cted
pa
ssen
gers
Dynamic dataDynamic data
14
Casablanca International Airport
More than 2 weeks for collecting data by using chronometers.
One day for each stage of the process
The use of three distribution:• Exponential• Gaussian distribution• Triangular distribution.
Select the best the best distribution for each random variable after comparing different results.
In case of difficulty to collect data as some passenger’s behavior, we have used the uniform distribution
Uncontrolled parametersUncontrolled parameters
15
Casablanca International Airport
Du
ratio
n c
on
tro
l filt
ers
:D
ura
tion
co
ntr
ol f
ilte
rs:
Ro
utin
g d
ura
tion
to
Co
ntr
ol
filte
r a
nd
acc
ess
bo
ard
ing
ro
om
Ro
utin
g d
ura
tion
to
Co
ntr
ol
filte
r a
nd
acc
ess
bo
ard
ing
ro
om
Dep
artu
re
proc
ess
Arr
ival
Pro
cess
Random variablesA
cce
ss t
o t
he
te
rmin
als
Acc
ess
to
th
e t
erm
ina
ls
Ch
eck
-in D
ura
tion
C
he
ck-in
Du
ratio
n
Inte
rna
tion
al :
E
xpo
ne
ntia
l(2,1
)In
tern
atio
na
l :
Exp
on
en
tial(2
,1)
Tria
g(0
.33
; 0
.5 ;
1.2
5)
Tria
g(0
.33
; 0
.5 ;
1.2
5)
Cu
sto
m c
on
tro
lC
ust
om
co
ntr
ol
Lo
ng
-ha
ll :
Tria
g(0
,14
0,1
80
)L
on
g-h
all
: T
riag
(0,1
40
,18
0)
Me
d-h
all
: T
riag
(0,1
10
,14
0)
Me
d-h
all
: T
riag
(0,1
10
,14
0)
Na
tion
al :
Exp
on
en
tial(1
,3)
Na
tion
al :
Exp
on
en
tial(1
,3)
Co
ntr
ol r
ate
50
%C
on
tro
l ra
te 5
0%
Du
ratio
n c
on
tro
lU
nifo
rm (
0.5
,0.8
)D
ura
tion
co
ntr
ol
Un
iform
( 0
.5,0
.8)
Ro
utin
g d
ura
tion
to
Cu
sto
mR
ou
ting
du
ratio
n t
o C
ust
om
Imm
igra
tion
co
ntr
ol
Du
ratio
nIm
mig
ratio
n c
on
tro
l D
ura
tion
: E
xpo
ne
ntia
l(1,3
):
Exp
on
en
tial(1
,3)
Ro
utin
g d
ura
tion
to
Im
mig
ratio
nN
orm
al(0
,3,0
05
)
Ro
utin
g d
ura
tion
to
Im
mig
ratio
nN
orm
al(0
,3,0
05
)
Firs
t p
ass
en
ge
r tr
an
sfe
rF
irst
pa
sse
ng
er
tra
nsf
er
Fa
r la
nd
ing
: E
xp(1
0)
Fa
r la
nd
ing
: E
xp(1
0)
“Ch
arli
e”
La
nd
ing
:E
xp(7
)“C
ha
rlie
” L
an
din
g :
Exp
(7)
Firs
t l l
ug
ga
ge
t
ran
sfe
rF
irst
l lu
gg
ag
e
tra
nsf
er
Fa
r la
nd
ing
: E
xp(1
3)
Fa
r la
nd
ing
: E
xp(1
3)
“Ch
arli
e”
La
nd
ing
:E
xp(9
)“C
ha
rlie
” L
an
din
g :
Exp
(9)
Imm
igra
tion
co
ntr
ol
Du
ratio
nIm
mig
ratio
n c
on
tro
l D
ura
tion
: E
xpo
ne
ntia
l(1,3
):
Exp
on
en
tial(1
,3)
Lu
gg
ag
e d
eliv
ery
du
ratio
nL
ug
ga
ge
de
live
ry d
ura
tion
Un
iform
(0.3
, 0
.5)
Un
iform
(0.3
, 0
.5)
Cu
sto
m c
on
tro
lC
ust
om
co
ntr
ol
Co
ntr
ol r
ate
10
%C
on
tro
l ra
te 1
0%
Du
ratio
n c
on
tro
lT
riag
(0
.83
, 1
.6,
4)
Du
ratio
n c
on
tro
lT
riag
(0
.83
, 1
.6,
4)
Ro
utin
g d
ura
tion
to
lug
ga
ge
d
eliv
ery
No
rma
l(0,3
,00
5)
Ro
utin
g d
ura
tion
to
lug
ga
ge
d
eliv
ery
No
rma
l(0,3
,00
5)
Uncontrolled parametersUncontrolled parameters
16
Casablanca International Airport
The rule adopted is the first in first out ( FIFO)
Departure Process:
One queue for each check-in desk One queue for each customs desk One queue for each immigration formality desk One queue for each control filter
Arrival process:
One queue for each immigration formality desk One queue for customs control with capacity is
limited to 4 people. The probability to be controlled by custom agent is 10%
Queue managementCheck-in desk management
The number of the available desk for each flight:
Big carrier : 4 desk Medium carrier : 2 desk Small carrier : 1 desk
The opening time of check-in :
Long-haul flight: 4 hours before flight time
National flight : 2hours before flight time
Others : 3 hours before flight time
The closing time of check-in : 40 min before flight time
The number of the available desk for each flight:
Big carrier : 4 desk Medium carrier : 2 desk Small carrier : 1 desk
The opening time of check-in :
Long-haul flight: 4 hours before flight time
National flight : 2hours before flight time
Others : 3 hours before flight time
The closing time of check-in : 40 min before flight time
Boarding room management
Management rulesManagement rules
17
ProcessProcess Collecting Data & statistical modelingCollecting Data & statistical modeling Management rulesManagement rules
Simulation model consists of the three parts : (1) Process (2) Data ( 3) Management rules
After constructing the simulation model , we have developed an IT program for implementing the flow simulation model
Modeling : SummaryModeling : Summary
18
We have studied the possibility to use a programming language or simulation software for better implementing the simulation model
IT Program designingIT Program designing
Programming language Simulation software
Development
C++ Java
VBA ……
After analyzing the context of our project and taking into account many factors related to the development environment, we have decided to develop our program with a simulation software “Awesim”.
19
Casablanca International Airport
IT program is divided on three parts : (1) Inputs (2) Simulator (3) Output
IT Program designingIT Program designing
InputInput
Flight Planning
Resource allocation
ProgramProgram
Expectation of waiting time and people waiting
Network simulation
OutputOutput
Visual simulation
1 2 3
20
IT Program: InputIT Program: Input
InputInput
Flight Planning
Resource allocation
1
Flight planning: flight time, departure or arrival, flight type, aircraft type, parking , boarding room, number of passenger expected
Resource planning: number of police, customs , luggage handlers planed to work during each shift (the program give us the possibility to substitute shift by hour )
21
Casablanca International Airport
IT Program :NetworkIT Program :Network
ProgramProgram
Network simulation
2
We have modeled the departure and arrival process in network simulation with “Awesim” software. We have included in the network all static data and uncontrolled variable of our simulation model.
22
1. Graphic result : represent the expectation of different indicators. For example:
the waiting time in each stage of the process, the number of people waiting in each queue, the total processing time.
IT Program: OutputIT Program: Output
Expectation of waiting time and people waiting
OutputOutput
Visual simulation
3
Waiting time for Immigration formality
stage ( police)
Waiting time for Immigration formality
stage ( police) people waiting in
police queue
people waiting in police queue Total Processing
time
Total Processing time
We have defined in simulation program two kind of the output:
2. Visual simulation: represent a dynamic simulation in order to better analyze the flow and detect easily the enhancement could be done in order to improve the processing quality.
23
Casablanca International Airport
Test & ResultTest & Result
After developing the IT program, we have backtested the results given by the model.
Because of constraint of project duration, we have focused on testing one indicator for evaluation the quality of the model: The number of people waiting in each queue.
By using the IT program, we have forecasted the number of people will be waiting in different queues (both departure and arrival process) during different period of the day. On the other hand, we have collected data related the number of people waiting each queue during different period of the day. These information have allowed us to compare the reality with the simulation model
For departure process , we have found that quality of the model is almost 81% for departure process, and more than 85% for arrival process.
24
Casablanca International Airport
ConclusionConclusion
As we have said at fist, the simulation is the first step of the process of resource optimization. The use of simulation results through the sensitive analysis help easily to find a good solution of resource planning problem.
It seems interesting to develop an advanced approach in order to better use the simulation results . This approach consists to combination of an heuristic method like genetic algorithm and simulation results in order to find an optimal ( local) solution for resource optimization problem.
25
Generation of initial
population
Executing the
simulation for each
mem
ber of the Initial population
Executing the
crossover , mutation
operator
Endl
For improving the quality of simulations results, we can introduce other random factor by investing more time on analyzing the disruptions and modeling this random behavior.
Executing the
simulation for each
mem
ber of the population
If Local optima
Combination of simulation results and genetic algorithm
Combination of simulation results and genetic algorithm
Thanks you for your attention
Casablanca International Airport 26
Réalisé par Nabil SI HAMMOU
للمطارات الوطني المكتبNational Office of Airports
National Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics
Modeling and simulation of passenger flow in Casablanca International Airport
Modeling and simulation of passenger flow in Casablanca International Airport
Nabil Si HammouOperations Research Engineer
Jury:
M. Ghali Maan ABDELLAOUI (INSEA)
M. Adelhamid BENTAIEB (ONDA)
ONDAINSEA