Flowering: June July. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong ...miosjournal.org/journal/2013/05/MIOSJ201305_02-20.pdfOrchids of The Karbi Anglong District of Assam, India ... flowers yellow

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*********************Peer Reviewed Research Paper********************

Orchids of The Karbi Anglong District of Assam, India

Khyanjeet Gogoi¹ and Rajendra Yonzone²

Ed. Note: This is Part II of a paper in three parts. It is continued

from MIOS Journ. 14(4): 11-20. April, 2013. Part III will con-

clude this paper in MIOS Journ. 14(6) June, 2013.

Eneumeration

ACAMPE Lindl.

About 10 species are distributed from tropical the Himalayan regions to Indochi-

na, and SE Asia, tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar, and the islands of

the West Indian Ocean. 6 species are in India, with 3 species in Assam and Karbi

Anglong District.

Acampe ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr., Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 270. 1910.

Epiphyte; inflorescences several; flowers slightly fragrant; sepals and petals

yellowish green with reddish brown transverse stripes and spots; lip white, spotted

with purple-red.

Flowering: Nov. – Dec.

Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in open forests.

Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & Mc Cann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 35: 495.

1932. Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl., Fol. Orchid, 2, 1853.

Epiphyte; flowers 1 cm across, yellow, slightly fragrant; sepals and petals yel-

low with reddish brown transverse stripes; lip white, slightly spotted with purple-

red.

Flowering: Nov. – Dec.

Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk.

Acampe rigida (Buch-Ham. ex J.E. Sm.) P.F. Hunt in Kew Bull. 24: 98. 1970;

Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 41, 1998.

Epiphyte; flowers yellow with purplish brown transverse stripes; lip white, with

purplish brown longitudinal stripes above.

Flowering: June – July.

Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunks or large branches.

ACANTHEPHIPPIUM Bl.

Eleven species distributed in S and NE India and Bangladesh, throughout SE

Asia, to S Japan, New Guinea, and the SW Pacific islands; 3 species in India, 2 in

Assam and Karbi Anglong District district.

Acanthephippium striatum Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 41. 1838;

Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 816. 1890.

Terrestrial; flowers creamy white with parallel red venation, tubular, 3.5–4.5 cm

across.

The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...

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Habitat: Growing in shaded & humid places in dense forests, banks of streams.

Acanthephippium sylhetense Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 177. 1833.

Terrestrial; Inflorescence 15–20 cm, fleshy; rachis densely 3–5-flowered; Flow-

ers white or yellow with purplish brown spots, campanulate-tubular, 40–45 mm.

Flowering: April – July.

Habitat: Shaded and Damp places in dense forests.

AERIDES Lour.

About 20 species distributed in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Chi-

na, Thailand, Indochina, and Malaysia to the Philippines and Indonesia; 10 species

in India, 5 species in North East India and 3 species in Karbi Anglong District.

Aerides multiflora Roxb., Pl. Corom. 3: 68, t. 271. 1820; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India

6:44, 1890.

Epiphyte; flowers reddish or pinkish purple with darker spots, 2-2.5cm across.

Flowering: May – July.

Habitat: Shaded and humid places in dense forests, banks of streams.

Aerides odorata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 525. 1790; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India, 6:47,

1890.

Epiphyte; flowers white with purple blotches at the extremeties, 2.2-2.5 cm

across, fragrant.

Flowering : May-June.

Habitat: Epiphyte in lowland forest.

Aerides rosea Lodd. ex. Lindl. & Paxt. Fl. Gard. 2: 109. 1852; Chowdhery, Orch.

Fl. Arunachal Prad. 49. 1998.

Epiphyte; flowers fragrant, purplish-pink suffused with white, dark pink spotted,

opening widely, about 2 cm across.

Flowering: May.

Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest and humid evergreen forest.

ANOECTOCHILUS Bl.

About 40 species known from India and the E Himalayas, through S and SE

Asia to Australia and the SW Pacific islands; 16 species in India, 3 species in As-

sam, 2 in Karbi Anglong District.

Anoectochilus brevilabris Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid. 499. 1840; Hook. f., Fl. Brit.

India 5: 824. 1890. Anoectochilus sikkimensis King & Pantl., J. Asiat. Soc. Ben-

gal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: 124 (1896).

Terrestrial; flowers pinkish, lip white, about 2.5 cm. long.

Flowering: April – June.

Habitat: Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest.


4

Anoectochilus setaceus Bl., Bijdr.: 412. 1825. Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.)

Lindl. in J.F.Royle, III. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 368. 1839.

Terrestrial; flowers white or pinkish; lip white.

Flowering: July- August.

Habitat: Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest.

ARACHNIS Bl.

About 13 species distributed in the tropical Asia; 2 species in India, 1 in the

Karbi Anglong District.

Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f., Bot. Centralbl. 28: 343. 1886; Chow-

dhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 73 (1998).

flowers many, laxly arranged, pale yellow with reddish brown spots or markings

mostly along margins and at apex, 4 cm across.

Flowering: Aug.-Sept.

Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks along forest margins in cool and shady places.

ASCOCENTRUM Schltr. ex J. J. Sm.

About 5 species distributed in the Himalayas to Indonesia and the Philippines; 7

species in India, 1 in Karbi Anglong District.

Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.

1: 975. 1913.

Epiphyte; inflorescences often 2–4, many flowered; flowers uniformly deep pink-

ish red, opening widely, 1.5–1.8 cm in diameter.

Flowering: April – May.

Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in broad-leaved evergreen forests.

BIERMANNIA King & Pantl.

About 9 species distributed in China, India, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia,

Thailand, Vietnam; 2 species in India; 1 in Karbi Anglong District.

Biermannia bimaculata (King & Pantl.) King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.

Calcutta 8: 200. t. 267; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad., 53, 1998; Mishra,

Orch. India, 282, 2007.

Epiphyte; flowers 2-3, distichous, 1-1.2 cm across, white, sweet scented.


Habitat: Epiphytic in dense humid evergreen forest.

BRACHYCORYTHIS Lindl.

About 33 species distributed in S and tropical Africa and Madagascar, with a few

species extending to tropical and subtropical Asia; 1 species in Karbi Anglong Dis-

trict.

Brachycorythis helferi (Rchb.f.) Summerh., Kew Bull. 10: 235 (1955). (Fig. 3)


5

Terrestrial; inflo-

rescence 5-8 flowered;

single flowers arising

from leaf axil, purplish

white.

Flowering: June- July.

Habitat: Forests, open

places in grasslands.

BULBOPHYLLUM Thouars

About 1,900 species

distributed in tropical

areas of both Old and

New Worlds; 100 spe-

cies in India and Assam

represents 24 species, 6

species in Karbi An-

glong District.

Bulbophyllum capillipes

Par. & Reich. f. in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-

don 30: 150, t. 32 a.

1847; Hook. f., Fl. Brit.

India 5: 755. 1890. (Fig.

4)

Eiphytic; flowers yel-

low, with red tinged

lines, about 1.5 cm

across, solitary; lip vio-

let- purple.

Flowering: July - Sep-

tember.

Habitat: Epiphyte on

tree trunks in open ever-

green forest.

Bulbophyllum car-

eyanum (Hook. f.)

Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3:

732. 1826; Hook. f., Fl.

Brit. India 5: 760. 1890.

Epiphyte; flowers

purplish-brown, 0.5-

0.8cm. long.


Fig. 3. Brachycorythis helferi Rchb. f..) Summerh. (1955). Date taken: 21Jul-11

Fig. 4. Bulbophyllum capillipes Par. & Reich. f. (1890). Date taken: 28Nov-11

6

Flowering: October- December.

Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunks in dense humid evergreen forest.

Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 760.

1890. (Fig. 5)

Epiphyte; raceme 2–7 cm,

densely many flowered; Flow-

ers yellowish brown.

Flowering: Nov. - Dec.

Habitat: Epiphyte on tree

trunks in evergreen broad-

leaved forests.

Bulbophyllum delitescens Hance in Jour. Bot. 14: 44.

1876; Scidenf. Not. Cir-

rhopetalum Lindl. 215. 1987.

Epiphyte; flowers reddish-

brown.

Flowering: June-July.

Habitat: Epiphyte in dense

humid evergreen forest near a waterfall

Bulbophyllum roxburghii (Lindl.) Reich. f. in W.G.Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 6:

263. 1861.

Epiphyte; Inflorescence umbellate; flowers small, dirty brown or pale rosy, spot-

ted with purple.

Flowering: April – July

Habitat: Epiphytic in evergreen forest.

CALANTHE R. Brown

About 150 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, Australia, New

Guinea, and the SW Pacific islands, as well as tropical Africa and Central and NW

South America; 23 species in India, 9 in Assam, 2 species in Karbi Anglong Dis-

trict.

Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 250. 1833.

Calanthe masuca (D. Don) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 249. 1830; Hook. f., Fl.

Brit. India 5: 850. 1890.

Terrestrial; flowers pale pinkish purple with purple lip sometimes flushed with

orange.

Flowering: August – September.

Habitat: Terrestrial in damp places on riversides.


Fig. 5. Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook. f.. (1890). Date taken: 13Nov-11.

7

Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames, Philipp. J. Sci., C, 2: 326. 1907.

Terrestrial; flowers white, occasionally purplish red, later turning orange, turning

black when dried.

Flowering: May.

Habitat: Terrestrial in evergreen broad-leaved forests.

CLEISOCENTRON Bruhl

1 species in India, Assam and Karbi Anglong District.

Cleisocentron pallens (Cathcart ex Lindl.) Pearce & Cribb, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58:

118. 2001. Cleisocentron trichromum (Reichb. f.) Bruhl, Guid. Orch. Sikkim 137.

1926.

Epiphyte; flowers pinkish, 2.5-2.8 cm across; sepals and petals pale-straw col-

oured, with a middle pink band.


Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks evergreen forests.

CLEISOSTOMA Bl.

About 100 species distributed in Sri Lanka, India, mainland SE Asia, Malaysia,

and Indonesia to the Philippines, New Guinea, Pacific islands, and Australia; 19

species in India among them 3 species grow in Karbi Anglong District.

Cleisostoma appendiculatum (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Jackson in Index Kew.

1: 555. 1895; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 200. 1998.

Epiphyte; flowers 1.5 cm across, sepals and petals buff with purple longitudinal

lines.

Flowering: August- October.

Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen forests.

Cleisostoma filiforme (Lindl.) Garay in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 23(4):

171. 1972; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 204. 1998.

Epiphyte; flowers about 1.3 cm across; sepals and petals yellowish green, with

purplish brown stripes; lip white with purple-red midlobe, column yellow.

Flowering: April- June.


Cleisostoma subulatum Bl., Bijdr. 363. 1825; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal

Prad. 208. 1998.

Epiphyte; flowers about 1 cm across, sepals and petals yellow with intra margin-

al brown bands, lip white at the base.

Flowering: May – June.

Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense humid evergreen forest.

COELOGYNE Lindl.

About 200 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia to Oceania, 43

species in India, 15 in Assam and 2 in Karbi Anglong District.

The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong

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Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India, 5: 836, 1890; Pradhan, Indian

Orchid-II, 266, 1979; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad., 234, 1998; Mishra,

Orch. India, 289, 2007.

Flowering: August- December.


Coelogyne prolifera Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 40. 1830.

Rhizome rigid; inflorescence hysteranthous, 10–15 cm, 4–6-flowered; flowers

green or yellowish green, 10 mm in diameter.

Flowering: Jun- July.

Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk or rocks in forests.

CORYMBORKIS Thouars

1 species in India, Assam and


Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl., Coll. Orchid. Arch.

Ind. 125, tt. 42 e & 43. 1859;

Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal

Prad. 246. 1998.

Terrestrial; flowers white, fra-

grant, not widely spreading, 3.2–

3.8 cm long.

Flowering: March – May.

Habitat: Terrestrial at shade

and in dense humid evergreen

forest with undergrowth of tall

herbs.

CREPIDIUM Bl.

About 280 species distributed in throughout the Asian tropics and subtropics,

Australasia, and Indian Ocean islands, with a few species in temperate Asia; 10

species in India, 2 in Assam and Karbi Anglong District.

Crepidium acuminatum (D.Don) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 123.

1995. Malaxis acuminata D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal 29. 1852.

Terrestrial; Flowers purplish red, 1.5 cm across


Habitat: Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest on rocky terrain, also in the

lowlands.

Crepidium calophyllum (Rchb.f.) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 125.

1995. Malaxis calophylla (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891. (Fig. 6)

Plants terrestrial; many flowered; flowers pale yellowish green, lip with purplish

red base.


Fig. 6. Crepidium calophllum (Rchb.f.) Szlach. (1995). Date taken: 22Jul-11.

9

Flowering time: July.

Habitat: Humus-rich soils in dense forests.

Distribution: NE India, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thai-

land, Vietnam.

CYMBIDIUM Sw.

About 55 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, south to Papua

New Guinea and Australia; 30 species in India, 12 in Assam and 4 species in


Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. in Nova Acta Upsal. 2, 6: 73. 1799; Hook. f., Fl.

Brit. India 6: 10. 1890.

Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm across, slightly fragrant; sepals and petals pale yellow

to cream-yellow, with a broad central maroon-brown stripe; lip cream-colored.



Cymbidium bicolor Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 164. 1833; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6:

10. 1890.

Epiphytic; flowers 3–4 cm across; sepals and petals yellow with a central pur-

plish red longitudinal stripe; lip cream-yellow.



Cymbidium cyperifolium Wall. ex Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 163. 1833; Hook.

f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 13. 1890.

Flowers 4–5 cm across, greenish yellow, with longitudinal red-brown or purple

lines in sepals and petals; lip yellowish green to pale yellow, with purple striations

on lateral lobes and purple spots or patches on mid-lobe.

Flowering: October – January.

Habitat: Under Tropical forests, in a shady place.

Cymbidium dayanum Rechb. f. in Gard. Chron. 710. 1869; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl.

Arunachal Prad., 256, 1998.

Epiphytic; flowers 4–5 cm across; sepals and petals white, with a central ma-

roon stripe; lip maroon, tinged white at its base.



CYRTOSIA Bl.

Five species distributed in tropical Asia to E Asia; three species in India, 2 in

Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong District.


10

Cyrtosia javanica Bl., Bijdr. 396. 1825. Galeola javanica (Bl.) Benth. & Hook. f.,

Gen. Pl. 3: 590. 1883. (Fig. 7)

Plants small, ca. 10 cm tall; flowers not fully opening, yellowish brown, fleshy.


Habitat: Terrestrial in

humid evergreen forest

and bamboo forests.

DENDROBIUM Sw.

About 1,100 species

distributed in India across

to Japan, south to Malay-

sia and Indonesia, east to

Australia, New Guinea,

and the Pacific islands;

102 species in India and

nearly 20 species grow in

Assam, 12 species grow

in Karbi Anglong District.

Dendrobium acinaci-

forme Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3:

487. 1832; Chowdhery,

Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad.

283. 1998.

Epiphyte; flowers yellowish-white, about 1 cm long.

Flowering: June – August.


Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) Fischer in Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1416. 1928;

Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 738. 1890.

Epiphyte; flowers, pale rose, 4.5-5 cm across; lip yellow.


Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest or open forest.

Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1299. 1830.

Epiphyte, Flowers thickly textured, yellow, lip disk with a chestnut blotch on

either side.

Flowering: October-November.

Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in dense forests, lithophytic on wet rocks in

valleys.

Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 756. 1855; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. In-

dia 5: 731. 1890.

Epiphytic; flowers white with purple; lip white suffused with yellow.



Fig. 7. Cyrtosia javanica Bl. (1883). Date taken: 21Jul-11.

11

Habitat: Epiphyte on tree

trunk in forest along small

streams.

Dendrobium fimbriautm Hook. f., Exot. Fl. t. 71. 1823;

Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 745.

1890.

Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm

across, sepals and petals golden

yellow; lip golden yellow, with

or without maroon blotch.


Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed

deciduous forest, also in humid

evergreen forest.

Dendrobium formosum Roxb.

ex Lindl. in Wall., Pl. Asiat.

Rar. 1: 34, t. 39. 1830. Hook.

f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 721. 1890. (Fig. 8)

Epiphytic; inflorescence 2-5 flowered; flowers white, 7-8 cm across; lip white

with yellow blotches at middle.

Flowering: May- July.

Habitat: Epiphyte in tropical

forest.

Dendrobium fugax Rchb.f.,

Gard. Chron. 1257. 1871.

Flickingeria fugax (Reichb. f.)

Seidenf. in Dansk Bot. Arkiv

34: 46. 1980.

Epiphyte; flowers white, 3-

3.5cm across, fugacious.

Flowering: March – October.

Habitat: Epiphyte in humid

evergreen forest, mixed decidu-

ous forest.

Dendrobium jenkinsii Wallich

ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg.

25: ad t. 37. 1839. (Fig. 9)

Epiphyte; Inflorescence lateral from pseudobulb, shorter than or nearly as long

as stem, 1–3-flowered; flowers ca. 4 cm, uniformly yellow-orange.


Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in open forests.


Fig. 8. Dendrobium formosum Roxb. ex Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 21Jul-11.

Fig. 9. Dendrobium jenkinsii Wallich ex Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 23Mar-12.

12

Dendrobium lituiflorum Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 372. 1856; Hook, Fl. Brit. India 5:

740. 1890.

Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm. across, pale purple inner surface of lip with a deep

purple spot surrounded by a white circle.



Dendrobium moschatum (Buch-Hum.) Sw. in Schrad., Neu. Jour. Bot. 1: 94.

1805; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 311. 1998.

Epiphytic; flower orange yellow, 5-7 cm across, deep yellow disk with a pale

purplish brown blotch on either side.



Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 79. 1830; Hooker Fl. Brit . India,

5, 740, 1890.

Flowers 5-7cm. across, white merging with purple at apex, wavy in texture, lip

purple at tip, at middle followed by deep purple central blotch, both surfaces

densely pubescent.


Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, also in the lowlands.

Dendrobium transparens Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 79. 1830; Hook. f. Fl. Brit.

India 5: 738. 1890; Chowdhry, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 327. 1998.

Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm across; sepals and petals white linged with purple at

tips, lip white with large purple patch on the disc.


Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks at forest.

DIENIA Lindl.

About 19 species distributed in throughout the Asian tropics and subtropics and

in Australia; 3 species in India 1 in Assam and Karbi Anglong District.

Dienia ophrydis (J. Konig) Seidenf., Contr. Orchid Fl. Thailand 13: 18. 1997.

Malaxis latifolia J.E. Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 22, no. 3. 1819.

Terrestrial; flowers pale purple, 1 cm across.


Habitat: Terrestrial in open humid evergreen forest.

ERIA Lindl.

Eria (s.l.) comprises ca. 370 species widespread in tropical Asia and the whole

of the Malay Archipelago, east to New Guinea and Bougainville Island; around 10

species in Assam, the Karbi Anglong District has 2 species.

Eria lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormerod, Opera Bot. 124: 22. 1995. Eria pubescens

(Hook. f.) Lindl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 3: 54. 1858.


13

Epiphytic, flowers yellow, tomentose, about 1.5 cm across.

Flowering: March-April.

Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest.

Eria tomentosa (Konig) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 803. 1890; Chowdhery, Orch.

Fl. Arunachal Prad., 385, 1998; Mishra, Orch. India, 298, 2007.

Flowering: September- November.


Distribution: N.E. India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam.

EULOPHIA R. Br. ex Lindl.

About 200 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, most diverse

in Africa, but

also wide-

spread from

Madagascar

and the Mas-

carene Islands

to C and tropi-

cal Asia, the

SW Pacific

islands, and N

and NW Aus-

tralia; 32 spe-

cies in India; 9

species in As-

sam; 2 in

Karbi Anglong

District.

Eulophia gra-

minea Lindl.,

Gen. Sp. Or-

chid. Pl.: 182.

1833.

Flowers

medium-sized,

to ca. 30 mm

in diam.; sepals and petals olive-green with dark green venation, lip white with

purplish red lamellae.

Flowering: April- May.

Habitat: Grassy places in open forests, open slopes, disturbed grasslands, forests

along sandy beaches, coastal grasslands.

Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm., Orch. Java, 228. 1905. (Fig. 10)

Plants terrestrial, laxly more than 20-flowered; flowers sub-erect, spreading, or


Fig. 10. Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm(1905). Date taken: 23Jul-11.

14

nodding, dull purple-red to brownish yellow.

Flowering: May- July.

Habitat: Sparse forests, bamboo forests, grassy slopes.

GASTROCHILUS D. Don.

About 47 species distributed in from India and Sri Lanka to E Asia and south to

Indonesia; about 12 species in India, 3 in Assam and 2 in Karbi Anglong District.

Gastrochilus dasypogon (J.E. Sm.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 661. 1891; Chow-

dhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 413 1998.

Epiphyte; flowers yellow with brownish-purple spots, 1.5-2 cm across.

Flowering: October – November.


Gastrochilus inconspicuus (Hook.f.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 661. 1891; Chow-

dhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 413. 1998.

Epiphyte; flowers white or yellowish-green, 0.5cm across.

Flowering: June- July.


GEODORUM Jacks.

About ten species distributed in from tropical Asia, as far north as S Japan

(Ryukyu Islands), to Australia and the SW Pacific islands; 1 species in India, As-

sam and Karbi Anglong District.

Geodorum densiflorum (Lamk.) Schltr. in Fedde Report. Behi. 4: 259. 1919;

Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 418. 1998.

Terrestrial; flowers white to pinkish, lip with a central yellow callus and crimson

-purple venation and streaks.


Habitat: Terrestrial in evergreen forest, also in grass land.

GOODYERA R. Brown

About 100 species distributed in S Africa, Asia, NE Australia, Europe, Mada-

gascar, North America including Mexico, SW Pacific islands; 17 species in India,

4 in Assam, 2 species in Karbi Anglong District.

Goodyera procera (Wallich ex Ker- Gawl.) Hook. f., Exot. Fl. 1, 3: t. 39. 1823;

Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 111. 1890.

Terrestrial; flowers fragrant, opening weakly, white tinged pale green.


Habitat: Terrestrial at the bank of a small stream and in evergreen forest, also on

rock in a stream.

Goodyera viridiflora (Bl.) Bl., Coll. Orchid.: 41. 1858.

Flowers opening widely, pale green tinged pale reddish brown, large; pedicel


15

and ovary pale reddish brown, cylindric-fusiform, 14–15 mm, pubescent toward

apex.

Flowering: August- Sept.

Habitat Forests, damp places

along streams, in thin leaf litter

on rocks.

HABENARIA Willd.

About 600 species distributed

in worldwide, mainly in tropical

and subtropical areas; about 66

species in India; 7 in Assam; 2


Habenaria acuifera Wallich ex

Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 325.

1835. (Fig. 11)

Plants terrestrial, 14–38 cm

tall; raceme 8–20-flowered, 3–8

cm; flowers yellow, small

Flowering time: Jun–August.

Habitat: Forests, thickets, grasslands.

Habenaria furcifera Lindl.,

Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 319. 1835.

Plants to 50 cm tall; raceme

densely many flowered, 9.5–13

cm; flowers greenish, small,

glabrous, small. Flowering time:

Jun–Sept.

Habitat: Forests, thickets,

grasslands.

HETAERIA Bl.


in tropical Africa and Asia, ex-

tending to New Guinea, NE

Australia, and the Pacific is-

lands; 6 species in India, 2 in

Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong

District.

Hetaeria affinis (Griff.) Seidenf. & Ormerod, Oasis, Suppl. 2: 9, 2001; Mishra,

Orch. India, 304, 2007. (Fig. 12)

Terrestrial; flowers opening slightly, 5-6 mm across, green, tipped with pink; lip

white.


Fig. 11. Habenaria acuifera Wallich ex Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 21Jul-11.

Fig. 12. Hetaeria affinis (Griff.) Seidenf. & Ormerod. (2007). Date taken: 08Mar-12.

16


Habitat: Terrestrial in second-

ary evergreen forest close to a

small stream.

LIPARIS Richard


in well represented in tropical

Asia, New Guinea, Australia, SW

Pacific islands, and the subtropi-

cal and tropical Americas, with a

single species in Europe and two

in North America; 45 species in

India, 9 in Assam and 3 in Karbi

Anglong District.

Liparis viridiflora (Bl.) Lindl.,

Gen. Sp. Orchid. 31. 1830;

Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 704.

1890.

Epiphytic; flowers greenish

white or pale greenish yellow.


Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest and mixed deciduous forest.

Liparis nervosa (Thunb.)

Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.

26. 1830. (Fig. 13)

Plants terrestrial; rachis

several flowered; flowers

yellowish purple, small.

Flowering time: Jun–July.

Habitat: Forests, shaded

places in grasslands or soil-

covered rocks.

Liparis wightiana Thwaites

Enum . Pl. Zeyl. 295 . 1861.

(Fig. 14)

Plants terrestrial; rachis 10–

20 flowered; flowers greenish

yellow, small.

Flowering time: June–July.

Habitat: Forests, shaded

places in grasslands or soil-

covered rocks.


Fig. 13. Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 22Jul-11.

Fig. 14. Liparis wightiana Thwaites. (1861). Date taken: 21Jul-11.

17

LUISIA Gaudichaud

About 40 species distributed in Bhutan, China, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Ja-

pan, Malaysia, New Guinea, Pacific islands, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand;

16 species in India, 5 in Assam, 2 in Karbi Anglong District.

Luisia trichorrhiza (Hook.f.) Bl. Mus. Bot. 1: 63. 1849; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6:

23. 1890.

Epiphytic; flowers purplish green with faint purple lines, about 1.5cm across.


Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, growing on exposed trees.

Luisia tristis (G.Forst.)

Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6:

25. 1890. Luisia zeylanica

Lindl., Fol. Orchid. Luisia,

3. 1853.

Epiphytic; flowers green-

ish yellow, with purple base.


Habitat: Epiphyte in hu-

mid evergreen forest, grow-

ing on exposed trees.

MICROPERA Lindl.

About 15 species distrib-

uted in ranging from the

Himalayas to SE Asia, New

Guinea, Australia, and the

Solomon Islands; 3 species

in India, 3 in Assam and 3


Micropera mannii (Hook.f.) Tang & Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): 94. 1951;


Epiphyte; flowers pale-pink, 0.6-0.7 cm across.


Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in evergreen tropical forest.

Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1522. 1832. (Fig. 15)

Epiphyte with a stout robust stem; inflorescence paniculate, many flowered;

flowers yellowish, 1.2 cm across.



Micropera rostrata (Roxb.) Balakr. in Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: 66. 1970;



Fig. 15. Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl. (1832). Date taken: 02May-11.

18

Epiphyte; Flowers pale-purple, 1.5-2 cm across.



NERVILIA Commers. ex Gaud.

About 65 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar, and

parts of the Arabian Peninsula, across India, Nepal, and Bhutan to Japan, SE Asia,

New Guinea, N Australia, and the SW Pacific islands; 14 species in India, 3 in As-

sam, 1 in Karbi Anglong District.

Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 403. 1911. Nervilia discolor

(Bl.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 403. 1911.

Terrestrial; sepals brownish yellow or purple with purplish red venation, petals

brownish yellow or purple with purplish red venation, lip brownish tinged yellow at

center and with purplish brown venation.

Flowering time: May–Jun.

Habitat: Forests, shaded and damp places.

OBERONIA Lindl.

About 200 species distributed in centered in tropical S and SE Asia but extending

to tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, the Philippines, New Guinea,

NE Australia, and the SW Pacific islands across to Tahiti; 50 species in India, 13 in

Assam, 2 in Karbi Anglong District.

Oberonia falconeri Hook. f., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: ad t. 1780. 1888.

Stem short; rachis 6.5–13 cm, many flowered; Flowers whorled, white or green to

greenish yellow.

Flowering: August – October.

Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in forests.

Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. in Seidenfaden, Contr. Orchid

Fl. Thailand 13: 20. 1997; Mishra, Orch. India 309. 2007.

Epiphytic; flowers yellowish.

Flowering: September – October.


PAPILIONANTHE Schltr.

About 12 species distributed in China, India, SE Asia and the Malay Archipelago;

4 species in India, 2 in Assam, 1 in Karbi Anglong District.

Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr. in Orchis 9: 78: 1915; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl.

Arunachal Prad. 570. 1998.

Epiphyte; flowers 5–10 cm across; sepals and petals white, tinged with pink or

purplish; lip deep purple-red.


The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist..

19

Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, also on solitary roadside trees.

PECTEILIS Raf.

About five species distributed in E and SE Asia, Himalayas; 4 species in India, 2

in Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong District.

Pecteilis susannae (Lin.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 38. 1837. Orchis susannae Lin., Sp.

Pl. 2: 939. 1753. (Fig. 16)

Plants robust, 45–120 cm tall; tubers ovoid-cylindric, laxly 2–5-flowered; flow-

ers fragrant, white, large.

Flowering time: July–Sept.

Habitat: Forests, grassy

slopes, damp places in val-

leys.

PERISTYLUS Bl.

About 70 species distribut-

ed in SE Asia to New Guinea,

NE Australia, and the SW

Pacific islands; 27 species in

India, 4 in Assam and 1 in


Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.)

Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.

300. 1835.

Plants robust; inflorescence

21–42 cm, densely many

flowered; flowers pure white.

Flowering: June- August.

Habitat: Terrestrial, scrub-

by slopes in forests.

PHAIUS Lour.

About 40 species: tropical Africa, Madagascar, tropical and subtropical Asia to

Oceania; 7 species in India, 4 in Assam, 1 in Karbi Anglong District.

Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f., Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 43.

1857; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 109, t. 152. 1898.

Flowers not widely opening, 5–6 cm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 2–3 cm, gla-

brous; sepals and petals pale pink to dark red or purple-brown.

Flowering: November- January.

Habitat: Terrestrial on the bank of a small stream in dense humid evergreen

forest.


Fig. 16. Pecteilis susannae (Lin.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. (1837). Date taken: 21Jul-11.

20

Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L’ Herit.) Bl., Mus. Bot. Lugd.- Bat. 2: 177. 1856;


Terrestrial; flowers 7–12 cm across; sepals and petals whitish outside, reddish

brown or brown inside; lip white toward base, pink or red-pink toward entrance

with white stripes on inside.

Flowering: Nov. - January.

Habitat: Terrestrial, shaded and

damp places in forests.

PHALAENOPSIS Bl.

About 45 species: from India to

S China, Thailand, Indochina, Ma-

laysia, and Indonesia to the Philip-

pines and New Guinea, the majori-

ty in Indonesia and the Philippines;

7 species in India, 5 in Assam, 4 in


Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb.f.,

Bonplandia (Hannover) 2: 93.

1854. Kingidium deliciosum

(Rchb. f.) Sweet in Amer. Orchid

Soc. Bull. 39: 1095. 1970.

Epiphytic; flowers greenish yellow; lip purple spotted.

Flowering: May – July.

Habitat: Epiphyte in gallery forest along a large river, in a shady spot in humid

evergreen forest.

Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J. Liu et S.C. Chen, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 27: 37. 2005;

Chen et al. Orchidaceae, Fl. China. 25: 481. 2009. (Fig. 17)

Epiphytic ; flowers fully open, almost 1.5 cm across, sepals and petals creamy-

white, mid-lobe of lip with two chestnut-rusty vertical bands, column white.


Habitat: Epiphyte in forest along a river, in a shady spot in humid evergreen

forest.

Phalaenopsis mannii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1871: 902. 1871; Hook. f., Fl. Brit.

India, 6: 30, 1890.

Epiphytic; flowers 3-4 cm across; sepals and petals yellow with dark brown

spots and bars; lip mid-lobe white; column yellow.



Ed. Note: End Part II. Part III to be concluded in MIOS Vol. 14(6) June, 2013.

******************************************************************


Fig. 17. Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J. Liu et S.C. Chen. Date taken: 15Apr-12.

Documents

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