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Our Growth Plan
• We will create technologies to make the world a better place.
• We will invest in the development of high performance fluid technologies resulting in products that work better, last longer and benefit the environment.
Lubrizol at a Glance
• Business: A global, fluid technology company concentrating on high-performance chemicals, systems and services for industry and transportation.
• Founded: 1928 in Cleveland, Ohio USA
• World headquarters: Wickliffe, Ohio USA
• Employees: Approximately 4,000 worldwide
• Manufacturing Plants: 29 facilities in 15 countries
• Sales and Technical Service Offices: 46 worldwide
• Research Centers: Wickliffe, Ohio USA; Hazelwood, England U.K.; Kinuura, Japan
• Annual Sales: US$1.7 billion
$1,460 million $314 million
Fuel Products
Specialty Fluids
Additives forEngine Oils
Performance Systems
Performance Chemicals
Industrial Fluids
6%
28%
66%
9%
36%
55%
Chemicals for Transportation
Chemicals &Systems for Industry
•Heavy-duty diesel • Passenger cars • Marine diesel • Stationary power • Small engines
Lubrizol Today(2000 Sales)
Emulsifiers/Surfactants
Friction Modifiers
Fluid Sensors
Fluid Metering
Monomers/Polymers
Emission Control
Dispersants
Rheology Control
Viscosity Modifiers
Surface Modifiers
Extreme Pressure Agents
Water-based Fluids
Anti-wear
Oxidation Control
Corrosion Protection
Mist Control
Combustion Modifiers
FluidTechnologies
Detergents
Lubrizol Technologies
Chemistry Systems
Focused on applications to:
• Improve operating performance• Extend equipment life• Improve environmental impact
Services
Fluid Technology For A Better World
Ethical, trustworthy conduct
Loyal employees andcustomers
Can-do problem solving
Innovative technologies that result in significant benefits to our world
Our Vision Leverages Our Strengths
Expected Emission Requirements for 2007 :
NOx : 0.2 g/hp-hr
Particulates.: 0.01 g/hp-hr
Particulate, g/hp-hr
1988
1991
1994
1998
2002
NO
x, g
/hp
-hr
0 0.1 0.70.60.50.40.30.20
2
12
10
8
6
4
1990
2007
HD EMISSION REQUIREMENTS
PuriNOx™ low-emission water-blend diesel fuel developed with support from Caterpillar
• Reduces emissions NOx 5-20% PM 20-50%
• Fill-n-go No equipment changes
• Provides quick, easy solution for EPA non-attainment regions
• Cost the same as conventional fuel
• Lower fuel economy by 12-13% but yields more output per unit of hydrocarbon
• Tax relief
Benefits Considerations
PuriNOx™
200 billion gallons worldwide
1/3 central fueled =
66 billion gallons
Worldwide Diesel Fuel Consumption
PuriNOx™
Global fleet testing under way - 16 fleets
Durability testing completed
Tax incentives in place in Italy, France and U.K.
Ten blenders in place around the world by December 2000
Several major marketers have approached Lubrizol about possible alliances
EPA certification filing under way
Texas EPA proposed PuriNOx™ be mandated for nine counties
PuriNOx™ Progress
Market Update
• Caterpillar Engines & PuriNOx Fuel– Joint development began in 1997– Caterpillar undergoing field trials
Market Update
• CARB approval– Received 31 January 2001– Reduced NOx emissions by 14%– Reduced particulate matter emissions by
62.9%– No net increase in toxic emissions
CONTENTS
• KEY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
• EUROPEAN MARKET DEVELOPMENT FOR EMULSION FUELS; Fiscal/Specification
• MARKET DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
• UPDATE ON PuriNOx SUPPLY POSITION
EUROPEAN MARKET SUMMARY FOR EMULSION FUELS• There is great variability in the level of market
development for emulsion fuels within Europe.
• The degree of acceptance is different from country to country as it is driven by national factors.
• The European Commission is supportive but passive - allowing member states to make national decisions.
PURINOX MARKET DEVELOPMENT PROCESSLubrizol
Fuel Supplier
End User Public Authority
Government
Additive, Equipment
Emulsion Fuel
Tax Incentive
Obligation, or Support
Cost-Benefit Data, Proof of Operability
Cost-Benefit Data
Proof of Operability,Comfort viz OEMs
STAGES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENTRepresentation; Emulsion Fuels
INTERMEDIATE
ADVANCED
EARLY
Each stage currently takes 12-18 months. This will decrease in countries adopting this technology later on.
STAGES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENTEarly Stage
• Characterised by;– Lack of established competitors. One ‘market
leader’.– Need for tests to prove emissions benefits under
local circumstances– No fiscal incentives. Fuel is more costly to user.– Interest from Public Authorities.– Opportunities only in ‘hotspots’ where
environmental improvement considerations outweigh fuel costs.
STAGES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENTIntermediate Stage
• Characterised by;– Some competition in market making activities.– Need for tests to prove operational
robustness in the field.– Agreement not to tax water. Fuel is marginally
more costly to user.– Support from Public Authorities.– Semi-commercial trials in ‘hotspots’.
STAGES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENTAdvanced Stage
• Characterised by;– Market established with competition.– Regular Field usage, creating wider awareness.– Tax incentives granted by Government to achieve
cost neutrality/ advantage.– Tax incentives based on a National Fuel Specification. – Roll out to other locations/ applications.– Further commercial trials in additional ‘hotspots’.– Most major fuel suppliers wanting an emulsion
offering.
STAGES OF MARKET DEVELOPMENTCurrent Status of European Countries; Jan 2001
INTERMEDIATE ADVANCEDEARLY
Market Making Market Development Commercial Sales
UKSwitzerlandGermany
Sweden
France
Italy
Spain
Netherlands
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS; Fiscal/Specification• ITALY
– 36% less than diesel tax from 01/01/2001 (739 vs 474 ITL/litre)
– Based on Draft Fuel Specification of 12-15% m/m water.
• FRANCE– 32% less than diesel tax (161.80 FF vs 238.46
FF/100 litres)
– Based on proposed EEG (Emulsion d’Eau et Gazole) Specification (9-15% m/m water).
ITALIAN EMULSIONFUEL SPECIFICATION
SPECIFICATION
WATER IN FUEL EMULSION FOR ENGINE APPLICATIONS
min. max.
appearance milky
mass @ 15 °C 835 870
water content, % wt. 12 15
centrifuge stability (loss after 5 minutes @ 4200 rpm) % v/v - 9
viscosity @ 40 °C 2 7
sulphur, % wt. - 0.031
sulphated ash, % wt. - 0.01
sediments mg/kg 24
copper corrosion (3 hrs @ 50 °C) 1
flash point °C (D92) 55 -
alkilnitrate, mg/kg 750 2500
lubricity, µ - 460
CFPP, °C winter - -10 summer - zero
NOTES
addition of antifreeze is allowed for the winter version on top of the water emulsion must be used within 4 months from delivery de-ionized water must be used (conducibility max. 30 microsiemens/m) additives must not contain fluorine, chlorine, metals
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS; Fiscal/Specification• SWITZERLAND
– Government agreement not to tax water or additives.
• UK– Government agreement not to tax water
(effective since 01/08/2000).
• NETHERLANDS– Government agreement not to tax water
NEW ENGINE DATA FOR PuriNOx
• Perkins 1000 series engine testing:– European Transient Cycle (ETC)
– Off-Highway Certification Cycle ISO 8178
– R24
ETC; Data on emulsion fuels compared to ULSD - Perkins 1000 series engine (g/kW-hr)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
g/k
W-h
r
ULSD 8.306 0.207
PuriNOx 10E 7.143 0.176
PuriNOx 20E 6.091 0.158
NOx PM
- 14
- 27
- 15 - 24
ISO 8178; Data on emulsion fuels compared to ULSD - Perkins 1000 series engine (g/kW-hr)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
g/k
W-h
r
ULSD 7.229 0.235
PuriNOx 10E 6.474 0.174
PuriNOx 20E 5.731 0.143
NOx PM
- 10
- 21
- 26 - 39
R24; Data on emulsion fuels compared to ULSD - Perkins 1000 series engine
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
ULSD 70.8 373.3
PuriNOx 10E 65.9 336.8
PuriNOx 20E 61.4 297.5
Rated Power Pk Torque
- 6.9 - 13.3
- 9.8
- 20
R24; Data on emulsion fuels compared to ULSD - Perkins 1000 series engine
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
ULSD 1.2 1.7
PuriNOx 10E 0.6 0.6
PuriNOx 20E 0.3 0.3
Smoke (2200rpm) Smoke (1400rpm)
- 50
- 78
- 64
- 81
ILLUSTRATION OF CO2 REDUCTION BENEFITExample for Purinox 10E (10% m/m Water)
1.00 kg Diesel
1.11 kg Purinox 10E
1.00 kg Purinox 10E
1.00 km
1.03 km
0.93 km
KEY ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
• For Emulsion Fuel containing X% m/m H20;
– Smoke Reduction = 4X-5X % i.e. 50-80%– Particulate Reduction = 2X %– NOx Reduction = X %– Power Loss = 0.7X-0.8X %– Fuel Consumption Increase = 0.7X-0.8X %
• Reduction in Formaldehyde/Ozone forming HC species of 20-40%
• CO2 Reduction = 2-6%
UPDATE ON PuriNOx SUPPLY POSITIONManufacturing Units
• 2 alternative PuriNOx batch manufacturing units are commercially available;– Large Scale Fuel Production Unit (40 M
litres/yr)– Intermediate Scale Fuel Production Unit
(10 M litres/yr)
• A continuous PuriNOx manufacturing unit is under development.
UPDATE ON PuriNOx SUPPLY POSITIONOperational Experience
• Europe; 2 Fuel Blending Units in commercial operation at Bromborough, UK and Italy. 4 more being manufactured.
• USA; 3 Fuel Blending Units running commercially. 4 more in manufacture/installation.