Fluke 87III original manual

87True RMS Multimeter

Users Manual

PN 834192August 1988 Rev.8, 4/97 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992,1993, 1994, 1997 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.

Interference InformationThis equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in strict accordance withthe manufacturers instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type testedand found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications of Part15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residentialinstallation.Operation is subject to the following two conditions: This device may not cause harmful interference. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired opera-

tion.There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause in-terference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the useris encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of more of the following measures: Reorient the receiving antenna Relocate the equipment with respect to the receiver Move the equipment away from the receiver Plug the equipment into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuitsIf necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional sug-gestions. The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful:How to Identify and Resolve Radio-TV Interference Problems. This booklet is available from the U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.

Fluke Coporation Fluke Europe B.V.P.O. Box 9090 P.O. Box 1186Everett, WA 98206-9090 5602 BD EindhovenU.S.A. The Netherlands

iTable of Contents

Title PageIntroduction .................................................................................................................... 1Multimeter Safety ........................................................................................................... 2Getting Started Quickly .................................................................................................. 3How to Use the Meter..................................................................................................... 6

Input Terminals and Input Alert ................................................................................. 6Pushbuttons............................................................................................................... 8Summary of Power-On Options................................................................................. 13Digital and Analog Displays....................................................................................... 13Holster and Flex-Stand.............................................................................................. 17

Applications.................................................................................................................... 17Measuring Voltage (AC/DC) ...................................................................................... 19Measuring Current..................................................................................................... 19Continuity Testing...................................................................................................... 20Measuring Resistance ............................................................................................... 20Using Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests ...................................... 21

87Users Manual

ii

Noisy Resistance Measurements.............................................................................. 22Measuring Capacitance ............................................................................................ 22Diode Testing............................................................................................................ 23Using the Analog Display.......................................................................................... 24Using the MIN MAX Recording Mode ....................................................................... 24Measuring Frequency ............................................................................................... 26Measuring Duty Cycle ............................................................................................... 27Pulse Width Measurements ...................................................................................... 29

Maintenance .................................................................................................................. 29General Maintenance................................................................................................ 29Calibration................................................................................................................. 30Battery Replacement ................................................................................................ 30Fuse Test W............................................................................................................. 30Fuse Replacement W............................................................................................... 32Service W................................................................................................................. 32

Replaceable Parts ......................................................................................................... 33Specifications................................................................................................................. 36

iii

List of Tables

Table Title Page

1. International Electrical Symbols.......................................................................................... 32 Input Terminals and Limits.................................................................................................. 43. Beeper Response in Continuity Test .................................................................................. 74. Options Available at Power-on ......................................................................................... 145. Approximate Charge Rate for Capacitors......................................................................... 236. Frequency Counter Operation With Current Inputs .......................................................... 277. Replaceable Parts ............................................................................................................ 34

87Users Manual

iv

vList of Figures

Figure Title Page

1. Summary of Pushbutton Operation .................................................................................... 92. Holster and Flex-Stand ..................................................................................................... 183. Duty Cycle Measurement of Typical Logic Signal............................................................. 284. Battery and Fuse Replacement ........................................................................................ 315. Replaceable Parts ............................................................................................................ 35

87Users Manual

vi

1IntroductionNote

This meter has been designed and testedaccording to IEC 1010-1, Safety Requirementsfor Electrical Equipment for Measurements,Control, and Laboratory Use. This manualcontains information and warnings which must befollowed to ensure safe operation and retain themeter in safe condition. If the meter is not usedas described in this manual, the safety featuresof the meter might be impaired.

WarningRead "Multimeter Safety" before using themeter.

The Fluke 87 True RMS Multimeter (also referred to as"the meter") is a handheld, 4000-count instrument that isdesigned for use in the field, laboratory, and at home. Themeter combines the precision of a digital meter with thespeed and versatility of a high resolution analog display.Frequencies between 0.5 Hz and 200 kHz can bemeasured with up to 0.01 Hz resolution. The meter ispowered by a 9V battery and has a rugged case sealedagainst dirt, dust, and moisture. A snap-on holster, with

flexible stand (Flex-Stand), protects the meter fromrough handling. The flexible stand allows the meter to bestood or hung.

The meter also provides:

A MIN MAX Recording mode, in which the meter"remembers" the lowest and highest readings,calculates the true average of all readings taken overa period as long as thirty-six hours, and displaysthese values. The beeper emits a Min Max Alertwhen a new minimum or maximum reading isrecorded.

A Peak MIN MAX mode that captures changes asshort as 1 millisecond.

An alternate Frequency Counter mode that measuresduty cycle and displays it as a value between 0.1 and99.9%.

An Input Alert that causes the beeper to sound if thetest leads are plugged into the wrong input terminalsfor the function being performed.

A REL mode that allows you to store a reading inmemory, and display the difference between thestored value and subsequent readings.

87Users Manual

2

A Touch Hold mode that allows you to keep youreyes fixed on the probes when taking measurementsin difficult or hazardous circumstances, then read thedisplay when it is convenient and safe.

A display back-light that makes the meter useable indark areas.

A 4 -digit display mode for a ten times increase inresolution.

A Capacitance mode that measures capacitors from0.01 nF to 5 F.

After unpacking the meter, if you notice that the meter isdamaged or something is missing, contact the place ofpurchase immediately. Save the shipping container andpacking material in case you have to reship the meter.

Multimeter SafetyBefore using the meter, read the following safetyinformation carefully. In this manual the word, "Warning,"is reserved for conditions and actions that pose hazard(s)to the user; the word, "Caution," is reserved for conditionsand actions that may damage your meter. The symbolsshown in Table 1 are used internationally to denote theelectrical functions and conditions indicated. If the meter isnot used as described in this manual, the safety featuresof the meter might be impaired.

Avoid working alone. Do not allow the meter to be used if it is damaged, or

it's safety is impaired. Inspect the test leads for damaged insulation or

exposed metal. Check test lead continuity. Damagedleads should be replaced.

Be sure the meter is in good operating condition.During a continuity test, a meter reading that goesfrom overload (OL) to 0 generally means the meter isworking properly.

Select the proper function and range for yourmeasurement.

In order to maintain the safety protection of thismeter, use only parts listed in the Service Manual.Refer to Table 7 for the Service Manual part number.

CAT III: For making measurements on equipment infixed installations (industrial).

WarningTo avoid electrical shock, use caution whenworking above 60V dc or 30V ac rms. Suchvoltages pose a shock hazard.

Getting Started Quickly

3

Table 1. International Electrical Symbols

B AC-AlternatingCurrent W

See Explanation inManual

F DC-DirectCurrent T

Double insulation(Protection Class II

C Either DC or AC I Fuse

J Ground

Disconnect the live test lead before disconnecting thecommon test lead.

Follow all safety procedures for equipment beingtested. Disconnect the input power and discharge allhigh-voltage capacitors through a protectiveimpedance before testing in the and L functions.

When making a current measurement, turn the poweroff before connecting the meter in the circuit.

Check meter fuses before measuring currenttransformer secondary or motor winding current. (See"Fuse Test" in the "Maintenance" Section.) An openfuse may allow high voltage build-up, which ispotentially hazardous.

Getting Started QuicklyExamine the meter carefully, familiarizing yourself with thelayout of the input terminals, rotary switch, pushbuttonsand display. Notice the Warning information and summaryof power-on options engraved into the rear panel.

If you have used a multimeter before, simply examiningyour meter will probably give you a good idea how to useit. The following procedure is an overview of how to takebasic measurements.

WarningTo avoid electrical shock or damage to themeter, do not apply more than 1000V betweenany terminal and earth ground.

1. Insert the test leads in the appropriate input terminals(see Table 2). If the test leads are in the wrong inputterminals when the meter is turned on and the beeperhas not been disabled, the beeper will emit awarning. See "Input Terminals and Input Alert",below.

87Users Manual

4

Table 2. Input Terminals and Limits

Function Input Terminals MIN Display MAX Display Maximum InputRed Lead Black Lead Reading Reading

K z COM 0.01 mV 1000V 1000V

L z COM 0.0001V 1000V 1000V

l z COM 0.01 mV 400.0 mV 1000V

enSE

zzz

COMCOMCOM

0.010.001 nS0.01 nF

40.00 M40.00 nS5.00 F

1000V1000V1000V

G z COM 0.0001V 3.000V 1000V

A C A COM 0.1 mA 20.00A* 11A 1000V Fast Fuse**

mA FA B

mA/AmA/A

COMCOM

0.001 mA0.01 A

400.0 mA4000 A

44/100A 1000V Fast Fuse**

* 10A continuous, 20A for 30 seconds maximum.** Fuse protected. See the 4 digit display mode on page 8.

Getting Started Quickly

5

2. To turn the meter on and select a function, turn therotary switch from OFF to the appropriate switchposition. All segments on the liquid-crystal display(LCD) will turn on for one second, then the meter isready for normal operation. If you would like to freezethe display with all segments on, press and holddown any button, while turning the meter on. As longas the button is held down, all LCD segments willremain on.

3. To select an additional operation, press theappropriate pushbuttons above the rotary switch asdescribed in the items below. (See also, Figure 1.)

To operate the MIN MAX and RANGE buttons: pressto select, press again to scroll or increment, andpress and hold for two seconds to exit.

To operate the Hz button: press to select thefrequency mode, press again to select duty cycle, andpress again to exit.

To operate the back-lit display, press the YELLOWbutton. The back-light automatically turns off in 68seconds to conserve battery life.

To operate the remaining buttons: press to select andpress again to exit.

NoteThe response of the display and the pushbuttonsslows down in the capacitance mode.

An annunciator is displayed when a mode has beenselected. A quick way to reset all the pushbuttons to theirdefault state is to turn the rotary switch to an adjacentfunction and then back to the function you are using.4. To take a measurement, use the test lead probes to

make the proper contacts. Remember, insert themeter in the circuit in parallel for voltage and in seriesfor current measurements. Read the measurement onthe display. If you did not manually select a range (byusing the RANGE button), the range that provides thebest resolution is automatically selected.

5. To run a performance check of the meter, turn therotary switch to and connect a test lead from theT input to the mA A input. (If you are using atest probe, touch the half of the input contact nearestthe LCD.) The display should read 1.000 k 5digits. With the rotary switch still at , test the A fuse(11A) by inserting the plug end of the test lead intothe A input and test the mA uA fuse (44/100A) by

87Users Manual

6

inserting the plug end of the test lead into the mA uAinput. The beeper emits an Input Alert if the fuses aregood.

Although this procedure will allow you to get startedquickly, we suggest that you take the time to read theremainder of this manual so that you can learn to take fulladvantage of your meters capabilities.

How to Use the MeterThis section describes your meter and how to use it. Forease of reference, each description is numbered andkeyed to the illustration inside the front cover.Input Terminals and Input AlertItems 1-4 describe the input terminals. (See Table 1 foroverload limits.) If the test leads are connected to theAmperes input terminal, and the function selector switch isnot in the Amp measurement position, the beeper will emitan Input Alert. An Input Alert will also sound if the testleads are connected to the mA uA terminal and thefunction switch is not in either Amp position. After an InputAlert sounds, the meter will attempt to take a reading frominputs applied to the T terminal. Input Alert can bedisabled by pressing T while turning the rotaryswitch from OFF to any function position.

A A Amperes Input Terminal.

For current measurements (ac or dc) up to 10Acontinuous (20A for 30 seconds) when functionselector switch is set to ^

\

B mA A Milliamp/Microamp Input Terminal

For current measurements up to 400 mA (ac or dc)when the function selector switch is set to ^orAC \

C COM Common Terminal

Return terminal for all measurements.

D z Volts, Ohms, Diode Test Input Terminal

Function Selector Rotary Switch

E Item 5 describes functions that are selected by settingthe rotary switch. Each time the rotary switch ismoved from OFF to a function setting, all LCDsegments will turn on for one second as part of aselftest routine. (This selftest routine is alsoperformed if the rotary switch is turned slowly fromone position to another.) The meter is then ready fornormal operations and will respond to the rotaryswitch and pushbuttons.

How to Use the Meter

7

OFF

Power to the meter is turned off.

K Volts ac

Autoranges to the 400 mV, 4V, 40V, 400V or 1000Vrange.

L Volts dc

Autoranges to the 4V, 40V, 400V or 1000V range.

l Millivolts dc

Single 400 mV range.

ReE Resistance (), conductance (1/), capacitance or continuity R testing.

Press BLUE button to toggle between the resistanceand capacitance function. (The response of thedisplay and the pushbuttons slows down in thecapacitance mode.)Autoranges to the 400, 4 k, 40 k, 400 k, 4 M,or 40 M resistance range.

In Manual Ranging mode, 40 nS conductance range(equal to a 25-100,000 M range) is selectable. (Seeitem 9.)Autoranges to the 05.00 nF, .0500 F, 0.500 F, or05.00 F capacitance range.

When testing continuity, the beeper sounds if theresistance falls below the typical values indicated inTable 3.

Table 3. Beeper Response in Continuity Test

Input Range Beeper On If

400.04.000 k40.00 k400.0 k4.000 M40.00 M

< 40< 200< 2 k< 20 k< 200 k< 200 k

L Diode Test

Measures forward voltage of semiconductorjunction(s) at approximately 0.5 mA test current.Single 0-3V range.

87Users Manual

8

^ Milliamps or amperes \

Defaults to dc. Press BLUE button to toggle betweendc and ac.Autoranges to the 40 mA or 400 mA range whenusing the mA A input terminal, or to the 4000 mA or10A range when using the [A] input terminal.A C MicroampsDefaults to dc. Press BLUE button to toggle betweendc and ac.Autoranges to the 400 A or 4000 A range whenusing the mA A input terminal.

PushbuttonsItems 6-13 describe how to use the pushbuttons. Thesebuttons are used (in conjunction with rotary switch) toselect operating modes and set power-on options. When abutton is pushed the beeper sounds (unless the beeperhas been turned off or the Data Output mode has beenselected). A summary of pushbutton operations is shownin Figure 1. An annunciator is displayed to indicate that amode or option has been selected. A quick way to reset allthe pushbuttons to their default state is to turn the rotaryswitch to an adjacent function and then back to thefunction you are using.

F b Display Back-Light

Press the YELLOW button to turn on the back-light.Back-light turns off automatically after 68 seconds toextend battery life.Power-On Option: 4-Digit Display ModeThe meter displays the readings at 10 times theresolution with a maximum display at 19,999 counts.The display is updated once per second. The 4-digitdisplay mode works in all functions exceptcapacitance, Peak MIN MAX and 100 millisecondMIN MAX. Use manual ranging for best performance.

G AC or DC, Resistance or Capacitance

Press BLUE button to toggle between ac and dcwhen measuring current, or between capacitance andresistance when the rotary switch is set to ReE


9

MIN MAX

REL Hz

RANGE HOLD

PEAK MIN MAX

H

_Press to Select_Press again to Scroll or increment_Press and Hold Down for 2 Seconds to Exit

_Press to Select Fequency_Press again to Select Duty Cycle_Press again to Exit_Press to Select

_Press again to Exit_Press to Turn on Back Light _Turns Off Automatically After 68 Seconds

ep1f.eps

Figure 1. Summary of Pushbutton Operation

87Users Manual

10

Power-On Option: Disable Automatic Power-off

Automatic Power-off extends the life of the battery byturning part of the meter off if neither the rotary switchnor a pushbutton is operated for half an hour.(Automatic Power-off is not allowed in the MIN MAXRecording or Data Output modes.) The meter turnsback on if either the rotary switch is turned or apushbutton is pressed.

HMMinimum (MIN), Maximum (MAX),Average (AVG) RecordingPress Mto enter the MIN MAX Recording mode(manual range only). Select the proper range beforeselecting MIN MAX to ensure that the MIN MAXreading will not exceed the measurement range. Theminimum, maximum, and average values are thenreset to the present input; the RECORD annunciatorturns on; the AUTO annunciator turns off; and theautomatic power-off feature is disabled.

In the MIN MAX Recording mode, the minimum andmaximum readings are stored in memory. The beeperemits a tone when a new minimum or maximum valueis recorded. A continuous beeper tone is emittedwhen an overload is recorded. Push Mto cycle

through the maximum (MAX), minimum (MIN),average (AVG), and present readings. The MIN,MAX, or AVG annunciator turns on to indicate whatvalue is being displayed. If an overload is recorded,the averaging function is stopped and the averagevalue becomes OL (overload).The true average of all the readings taken over atleast a thirty-six hour period can be displayed. If thisduration is exceeded, the actual minimum andmaximum readings will continue to be captured andcan be displayed. However, new averages are nolonger calculated. The last average calculated isretained as the average reading.

At normal (default) record speed, changes to thevoltage, current, or resistance inputs that last at least100 milliseconds are recorded, and the "100 ms"annunciator turns on. Press and hold down theMfor 2 seconds to exit and erase recordedreadings.

In the MIN MAX mode, press Tto select thePeak MIN MAX mode ("1 ms", "RECORD", and"MAX" are displayed). Voltage or current inputs thatlast for 1 milliseconds or longer are captured. PressMto select the minimum (MIN) reading. Press


11

again to return to the maximum (MAX) reading. Toreset the Peak MIN MAX mode press Ttwice:the first press exits the mode, and the second pressre-enters the mode. To completely exit the MIN MAXmode, press Mfor one second. In Peak MINMAX mode, the present reading, average (AVG)readings, and analog display are not displayed.Before selecting Peak MIN MAX, select DC voltage orcurrent to DC couple the input waveform; or ACvoltage to capacitively couple the input waveform.Peak MIN MAX works in all functions except ohms,frequency and capacitance.

In the MIN MAX Recording mode, press Itostop the recording of readings; press again to restartrecording. If recording is stopped, the minimum,maximum, average, and present values are frozen,but the analog display continues to be active. Whenrecording is stopped, the stored readings are noterased and you can still scroll through thesereadings.

Power-On Option: Select High Accuracy MINMAX Recording

The High Accuracy MIN MAX Recording mode has aresponse time of approximately 1 second. Changes of

more than 1 second duration are recorded. The "1 s"annunciator is turned on. In the Frequency Countermode, readings are always recorded at the highaccuracy recording speed; the response time is notselectable.

IKManual Ranging

Press Kto select the Manual Range mode andturn off the AUTO annunciator. (The meter remains inthe range it was in when manual ranging wasselected.)In the Manual Range mode, each time you pressKbutton, the range (and the input rangeannunciator) increments, and a new value isdisplayed. If you are already in the highest range, themeter "wraps around" to the lowest range. (In theFrequency Counter mode, pressing Kmanuallyselects the input voltage or current range.) To exit theManual Range mode and return to autoranging,Press and hold down Kfor 2 seconds. TheAUTO annunciator turns back on.

When the range is changed manually, the TouchHold, MIN MAX Recording, and REL[ative] modes aredisabled.

87Users Manual

12

Power-On Option: Rotary Switch Test

The Rotary Switch Test is used only for servicingpurposes. See the 80 Series Service Manual fordetails. In the Rotary Switch Test mode, normal meterfunctions are disabled. To exit the Rotary Switchmode, turn the rotary switch to OFF and back to anyswitch setting.

JI Display Hold

WarningTouch hold will not capture unstable or noisyreadings. Do not use touch hold to determinethat circuits with dangerous voltage are dead.

Press Ito toggle in and out of the Touch Holdmode, except if you are already in the MIN MAXRecording or Frequency Counter mode.

In the Touch Hold mode, the H annunciator isdisplayed and the last reading is held on the display.When a new, stable reading is detected, the beeperemits a tone, and the display is automaticallyupdated. Pressing Mwhen you are in the TouchHold mode causes you to exit Touch Hold and enterthe MIN MAX Recording mode.

In the MIN MAX Recording mode, press Itostop the recording of readings; press Iagain toresume recording. (Previously recorded readings arenot erased.)In the Frequency Counter mode (Hz), press Itostop the display; press Iagain to start it.

K T Continuity Beeper/Peak MIN MAX

Press Tto toggle the beeper on or off forcontinuity testing in the ohms function.

The beeper responds as indicated in Table 2.

In the Frequency Counter mode, press Ttochange the trigger slope from positive-going edges tonegative-going edges. The slope selected is indicatedby the analog display polarity annunciator ().In the MIN MAX mode, press Tto toggle in andout of the Peak MIN MAX mode. See item 8.

Power-On Option: Disable Beeper

When the beeper has been disabled, all beeperfunctions are turned off. The beeper is automaticallydisabled if the meter is in the Data Output mode.


13

L C Relative Readings

Press Cto enter the Relative mode, zero thedisplay, and store the displayed reading as areference value. The relative mode annunciator () isdisplayed. Press Cagain to exit the relativemode.

In the Relative mode, the value shown on the LCD isalways the difference between the stored referencevalue and the present reading. For example, if thereference value is 15.00V and the present reading is14.10V, the display will indicate -0.90V. If the newreading is the same as the reference value, thedisplay will be zero.

M F Frequency Counter Mode and Duty Cycle

Press the Fto select the Frequency Countermode; press again to select duty cycle (the alternatecounter function); press again to exit. The analogdisplay does not operate in either the FrequencyCounter mode or duty cycle.

In Frequency Counter mode, the Hz annunciator isdisplayed. The frequency function autoranges over

five ranges: 199.99 Hz, 1999.9 Hz, 19.999 kHz,199.99 kHz, and greater than 200 kHz. The RANGEbutton manually selects the voltage or current inputrange. If duty cycle is selected, readings from 0.1through 99.9 are displayed. The "Hz" annunciatorturns off and "%" turns on.

Power-On Option: High Input Impedance Mode

The input impedance of the l function (400 mVrange) is changed from 10 megohms to greater than4000 megohms.

Summary of Power-On OptionsYou can select a number of options each time you turn themeter on. These power-on options (also listed on the rearof the meter) are selected b holding down one or more ofthe pushbuttons for approximately 2 second while turningthe function switch to any ON position. All power-on optionare only disabled when the rotary switch is turned to OFF.Each power-o option is discussed in detail under"Pushbuttons" and summarized in Table 4.

Digital and Analog DisplaysItems 14-19 describe the digital and analog displays andLCD annunciators.

87Users Manual

14

Table 4. Options Available at Power-on

Option Pushbutton Function

Automatic Power-off Blue Disable Automatic Power-off

4 Digit Mode Yellow Select 4 digit display. Full scale 19,999 counts.

MIN MAX Record Speed MIN MAX Select High Accuracy record speed. (Response time approximately 1second)

Rotary Switch Test Range For servicing purposes only. See 80 Series Service Manual

Data Output Hold H Enable ultrasonic data transmission. (For use in factory testing only,cannot be modified for customer use. Beeper functions disabled.)

Disable Beeper R Turns off all beeper functions

High Input Impedance in mV DC Hz Provides >4000 M input impedance for 400 mV dc range

N Digital Display

Digital readings are displayed on a 4000-countdisplay with polarity () indication and automaticdecimal point placement. When the meter is turnedon, all display segments and annunciators appearbriefly during a selftest. The display updates fourtimes per second, except when frequency readingsare taken. Then the update rate is 3 per second.

O Analog Display

The analog display is a 32-segment pointer thatupdates at a 40 times per second rate and is thebest display to use for readings that are changing. Itdoes not operate in the Capacitance or FrequencyCounter functions or in the Peak MIN MAX mode.


15

For increased sensitivity, the analog pointer movesacross the scale four times for each range. Thepointer returns to 0 (wraps around) when theequivalent digital display reaches 1024, 2048, and3072 counts. Select the next higher range if thepointer is too sensitive.

The analog pointer indicates a value lower than thedigital display (up to 2.5% of range). Examples onthe 40V range are:Digital Display = 5.00V 15.00V 25.00V 35.00VAnalog Pointer= 4.8 4.5 4.5 4.2 Wrap = First Second Third Fourth Indication = 4.8V 14.5V 24.5V 34.2V

With stable inputs, use the digital display for the bestsensitivity and precision.

P 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Analog Display ScaleScale for each 1000 counts in the digital display.

Q Analog Display PolarityIndicates the polarity of the input except in theFrequency Counter mode, when it indicates thepolarity of the trigger slope (edge).

R 4000 Input Range Annunciator

mV

Displays 4, 40, 400, or 4,000 input range for volts,amps, or ohms, and 400 mV.

S OL Overload Indication

Displayed on digital display when input (or mathcalculation in REL mode) is too large to display. If youare taking duty cycle readings, OL is displayed if theinput signal stays high or low. All segments areilluminated on analog display.

Items 20-23 describe annunciators that indicate the modeor state in which the meter is operating:T AUTO Autorange

Meter is in the autorange mode and will automaticallyselect the range with the best resolution. Meterpowers-on in autorange mode.In the autorange mode, the meter ranges up at 4096counts and ranges down at 360. When the meter is inthe Manual Range mode, the overrange arrow isdisplayed until you manually select a rangeappropriate for the input value.

See item 9 for manual ranging.

87Users Manual

16

UU Low Battery

Meter is powered by a single 9V battery, with a typicallife of 400 hours with an alkaline battery. At least 8hours of battery life remain when U is first displayed.A battery check is taken between measurements.

V-

Negative Polarity

Automatically indicates negative inputs. When REL isenabled, indicates negative results of mathcalculations.

W R Beeper

Continuity test is enabled. See item 11 and Table 2.

Items 24 through 31 describe math function annunciatorsand the annunciators that indicate the units of the valuedisplayed.

X Relative ModeThe value displayed is the difference between thepresent measurement and the previously storedreading. See item 12.

Y 100 ms Normal Recording Speed in MIN MAX Recording Mode

Input changes of 100 milliseconds or longer will berecorded. In the 1 s High Accuracy MIN MAXRecording Mode, the recording speed is 1 second.

1 ms Peak MIN MAX Recording Mode

Input changes of 1 millisecond or longer will berecorded.

Z RECORD Minimum, Maximum, and Average Recording

Readings are being recorded in the MIN MAXRecording mode. A maximum (MAX), minimum(MIN), or average (AVG) reading can be displayed.

27

MAX Maximum Value in MIN MAX Recording Mode

The value displayed is the maximum reading takensince the MIN MAX Recording mode was entered.

Applications

17

28 MIN Minimum Value in MIN MAX Recording

Mode

The value displayed is the minimum reading takensince the MIN MAX Recording mode was entered.

29 AVG Average Value in MIN MAX Recording

Mode

The value displayed is the true average of allreadings taken since the MIN MAX Recording modewas entered.

30 H Hold

The meter is operating in a Display Hold mode. Seeitem 10 for Display Holds.

31

The following annunciators indicate the unit of thevalue displayed:AC Alternating current or voltageDC Direct current or voltageV VoltsmV Millivolts (1 x 10-3 volts)A Ampere (amps). CurrentmA Milliampere (1 x 10-3 amps)uA Microampere (1 x 10-6 amps)

nS Nanosiemens (1 x 10-9 siemens). Conductance(1/)

% Percent Annunciator (for duty cycle readingsonly)

Ohms. Resistancek Kilohm (1 x 103 ohms). ResistanceM Megohm (1 x 106 ohms). ResistanceHz Hertz (1 cycle/sec). FrequencykHz Kilohertz (1 x 103 cycles/sec). FrequencyF Microfarads (1 x 10-6 Farads). CapacitancenF Nanofarads (1 x 10-9 Farads). Capacitance

32 Not UsedDuty Not Used

Holster and Flex-StandThe meter comes with a snap-on holster that absorbsshocks and protects the meter from rough handling. Theholster is equipped with a Flex-Stand. Some uses of theholster with Flex-Stand are shown in Figure 2.

ApplicationsThis section discusses some common applications foryour meter, and alerts you to some considerations to keepin mind when taking measurements.

87Users Manual

18

Holster With Flex-stand BentHolster With

Flex-stand Extended

Holster With Probe In Clip

Holster With Flex-stand Looped Over Car Door

Meter In Holster Face Down For Protection

(Store Quick Reference Card Under Meter)

Holster With Flex-stand Looped Over Belt

POWER-UP OPTIONSPRESS 2 SEC. WHILE TURNING METER ON

LOW, OHMS/HIGH RESOLUTION

DISABLE AUTOMATIC POWER-OFF

AUTORANGE VDC, VAC

HI IMPENDANCE mV DC INPUT

TURN OFF BEEPER

TEST ROTARY SWITCH

HI ACCURACY, 1 SEC. RESPONSE

ZERO

MIN MAX

RANGE

HOLD

ALERT

RPM

WARNINGTO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK REMOVE

TEST LEADS BEFORE OPENING CASETO PREVENT DAMAGE OF INJURY

INSTALL QUICK ACTING FUSES WITHAMP/VOLT RATINGS SHOWN.

F 1A 600VMIN INTERRUPT RATING 10 000AF 15A 600VMIN INTERRUPT RATING 10 000A9V NEDA 1604 6F 22 006P+_

JOHN FLUKE MFG. CO., INC.EVERETT, WA MADE IN U.S.A.PATENTS PENDING

FLUKE AND PHILLIPSTHE T & M ALLIANCE

ep2f.eps

Figure 2. Holster and Flex-Stand

Applications

19

Measuring Voltage (AC/DC)To measure voltage, connect the meter in parallel with theload or circuit under test. Each of the five ac/dc voltageranges presents an input impedance of approximately 10M in parallel with less than 100 pF. Ac voltage is ac-coupled to the 10 M input.

To improve the accuracy of dc voltage measurementsmade in the presence of ac voltages, measure the acvoltage first. Note the ac voltage range and manuallyselect a dc voltage range that is the same or higher thanthe ac voltage range. This method improves the dcvoltage accuracy by ensuring that the input protectioncircuits are not being activated. A typical application ismeasuring the dc offset voltage of an amplifier in thepresence of an ac signal.

Measurement errors due to circuit loading can result whenmaking either ac or dc voltage measurements on circuitswith high source impedance. In most cases, the error isnegligible (0.1% or less) if the measurement circuit sourceimpedance is 10 kilohms or less.

Measuring Current Warning

Do not attempt an in-circuit currentmeasurement where the potential to earth isgreater than 1000V. You may damage themeter or be injured if the fuse blows whilecurrent is being measured in a circuit whichexhibits an open circuit voltage greater than1000V.

To measure current, connect the meter in series with theload or circuit under test. Press the BLUE button to togglebetween alternating and direct current.

If you do not know approximately what the current is,connect the circuit to the A input terminal first to see if youhave a safe level for the mA A input terminal. Use themA A input terminal for current up to 400 mA.

When measuring current, the meters internal shuntresistors develop a voltage across the meters terminalscalled "burden voltage." This voltage drop is very low inyour meter, but it may affect precision circuits ormeasurements.

87Users Manual

20

To calculate the burden voltage: in A, multiply the displayreading by 0.03V; in mA, multiply the display reading by1.8 mV; in A, multiply the display reading by 100 V. Forexample, at a 20 mA display reading, the burden voltageis 20.00 x 1.8 mV = 36 mV.The approximate resistance between the input terminals is0.03 ohms for A, 1.8 ohms for mA, and 100 ohms for A.

Continuity TestingContinuity testing verifies that circuit connections areintact. To perform audible continuity tests, set the rotaryswitch to ReE press T and connect the meter toyour circuit. Test resistances below the values listed inTable 3 cause the meter to emit a continuous tone. Usethe 400 ohm range for most wiring checks.The continuity mode is extremely fast and can be used todetect either shorts or opens that last for as little as 1millisecond. When a change is detected, the beeper toneis "stretched" to last at least 1/4 second so you can hear itand detect both shorts and opens. This can be a valuabletroubleshooting aid when looking for intermittentsassociated with cables, connections, switches, relays, etc.If the test value is very close to the threshold, erraticbeeps can also occur due to environmental electricalnoise (EMI).

Measuring ResistanceCaution

Turn off power on the test circuit anddischarge all capacitors before attempting in-circuit resistance measurements. If anexternal voltage is present across acomponent, it will be impossible to take anaccurate measurement of the resistance ofthat component.

The meter measures resistance by passing the samecurrent through a precision reference resistor and theexternal circuit or component, then ratios and measuresthe voltage drop across each ( = Vunknown/Vreference). Remember, the resistance displayed by themeter is the total resistance through all possible pathsbetween the probes. This explains why in-circuitmeasurement of resistors does not often yield the ohmsvalue indicated by the resistors color code.The resistance in the test leads can diminish accuracy onthe lowest (400-ohm) range. The error is usually 0.1 to 0.2ohms for a standard pair of test leads. To determine theerror, short the test leads together and read the resistanceof the leads. Use the Relative (REL) mode toautomatically subtract the lead resistance from resistancemeasurements.

Applications

21

When measuring resistance, be sure that the contactbetween the probes and the circuit under test is good.Dirt, oil, solder flux, or other foreign matter seriouslyaffects resistance.

Most in-circuit resistance measurements can be madewithout removing diodes and transistors from the circuit.The full-scale measurement voltage produced on rangesbelow 40 M does not forward-bias silicon diodes ortransistor junctions enough to cause them to conduct. Usethe highest range you can (except 40 M) to minimize thepossibility of turning on diodes or transistor junctions. Full-scale measurement voltage in the 40-M range doesforward-bias a diode or transistor enough to cause it toconduct.

In resistance (and all other functions except current), themA A input is connected to a 1-k resistor. If the mA Ainput protection fuse is good, this input can be used as apartial check of proper operation in resistance. The inputreceptacles have split contacts; touch the probe to the halfnearest the LCD. The 1-k resistor is protected by a 3-diode clamp. Do not apply external voltage; it may blowthe fuse.

Using Conductance for High Resistance orLeakage TestsConductance is the inverse of resistance (i.e., 1/ohms)and is measured in units of nanosiemens (nS = 1 x 10-9Siemens). The 40-nS range on your meter effectivelyextends the resistance measurement capability to 100,000M. The 40-nS range can, therefore, be used to test theresistance or leakage in insulators, diodes, transistors,cables, connectors, printed circuit boards, transformers,motors, capacitors, or other high resistance components.

To measure conductance, set the rotary switch to MJKand press Kto manually increment to the 40-nSrange. Plug the test leads into the VJL and COM inputterminals, and then connect these leads across the unitunder test. The reading displayed is in units ofconductance (nS). To convert this reading to megohms,divide the reading into 1000 (1000/displayed reading in nS= M). For example 2.00 nS converts to 500 M(1000/2.00). High value resistance measurements aresusceptible to induced noise and may require carefulshielding. To smooth out most noisy readings, enter theMIN MAX Recording mode and scroll to the average(AVG) reading.

87Users Manual

22

NoteIn the conductance range, there is normally asmall residual reading with open test leads. Toensure accurate measurements, connect cleantest leads to the meter and (with the leads open)read the residual leakage in nanosiemens.Correct subsequent measurements by using theRelative mode (REL) to zero the display, whichsubtracts the residual from the readings.

Diode leakage tests require that the diode junction bereverse-biased when being measured. To do this, connectthe anode of the diode to the COM input terminal and thecathode (ring) of the diode to the VJL input terminal.Leakage at the test voltage being applied can then beread in terms of conductance.High-voltage, stacked diode, assemblies can usually betested for forward and reverse resistance changes usingconductance. These assemblies typically have such highforward voltage drops that the diode test or resistancemodes cannot test them.

Noisy Resistance MeasurementsYour Fluke meter is designed to tolerate up to severalvolts of ac noise. Noise appears as changing numbers onthe digital display and as an oscillating analog display.

Changing the range may reduce the noise. To smooth outthe effect of noise on your readings, enter the MIN MAXRecording mode and scroll to the average reading.Measuring Capacitance

CautionTurn off power and discharge the capacitorbefore attempting a capacitancemeasurement. Use the (F) function to confirmthat the capacitor is discharged.

The meter measures capacitance by charging thecapacitor with a known current, measuring the resultantvoltage, and calculating the capacitance. Themeasurement takes about 1 second per range (pushbutton responses also take about 1 second). Thecapacitor charge can be up to 1.2V.For measuring capacitor values up to 5.0 F, turn therotary switch to MJK, press the BLUE button, andconnect the test leads to the capacitor. The meter willselect the proper range automatically. Each measurementtakes about 1 second per range. When making repeatedmeasurements of similar values, press Kto manuallyselect the proper range and to speed up subsequentmeasurements. For capacitors less than 5 nF or in noisy

Applications

23

environments, use short test leads or a test fixture (1 nF =1000 pF).The measurement accuracy of capacitors less than 5 nFcan be improved by first using the Relative mode to zerothe display and automatically subtract the residual meterand test lead capacitance. Since the Relative mode alsoselects manual ranging, zero the residual capacitanceonly when measuring small value capacitors.

Residual voltage charges on the capacitor, or capacitorswith poor insulation resistance or poor dielectricabsorption may cause measurement errors.

To check capacitors larger than 5 F, select with therotary switch (or press the BLUE button if you are in thecapacitance mode). Select an appropriate range fromTable 5. Discharge the capacitor, connect the capacitor tothe meter, and time the number of seconds it takes for thecharge to go from zero to full scale. At full scale, all of theanalog display segments are on. To estimate the value ofthe capacitor, multiply the number of seconds times thecharge rate (F/sec) in Table 5. For example, a 10 Fcapacitor takes about 34 seconds to charge in the 4 Mrange or 3.4 seconds in the 400 k range. To reconfirmyour estimate, reverse the test leads; when the capacitordischarges to zero (the analog display polarity switchesfrom - to +), start timing the recharge to full scale.

Diode TestingTo perform a diode or transistor junction test: plug the testleads into the VJL and COM inputs, turn the rotaryswitch to L and connect the test leads across thediode(s).In diode test, voltage is developed across thecomponent(s) by a test current (approximately 0.6 mA withthe test leads shorted) from the meter. Voltage is read ona single 0 to +3.000V range that can measure up to fivesilicon diode or transistor junctions in series. For a silicondiode, the typical forward voltage should be about 0.6V.Voltages greater than 3.00V or open test leads producean overload (OL) reading. If the digital reading is the samein both directions, the diode junction is probably shorted. Ifthe display reads OL in both directions, the diode junctionis probably open. To protect sensitive devices, the opentest lead voltage from the meter will not exceed 3.9V.Negative inputs (from an external power source, forexample) are not suppressed.

Table 5. Approximate Charge Rate for Capacitors

Range 400 4 k 40 k 400 k 4 M

F/sec 2600 275 29 2.9 0.29

87Users Manual

24

Use the Touch Hold mode (see item 10) to make audiblediode tests. When the test leads are placed across thediode, a good diode or transistor junction will cause themeter to beep (and update the display) in the forward-biased direction and remain silent in the reverse-biaseddirection. A short or resistance below about 30 k willcause a beep in both directions. If an open is detected,the meter will remain silent in both directions.

Using the Analog DisplayThe analog display is easy to use and interpret. Itfunctions much the same as the needle on an analogmeter without the mechanical overshoot inherent inneedle movements.

The analog display is especially useful for peaking andnulling, and observing rapidly changing inputs. The analogdisplay response time is fast, and it can be used to makeapproximate adjustments quickly. The 4000-count digitaldisplay can then be used for final adjustment.The analog display can also be used for limited diagnosticpurposes. In situations where rapidly fluctuating signallevels make the digital display useless, the analog displayis ideal. Like the needle on a Volt-ohm-milliammeter(VOM), the analog display excels at displaying trends, orslowly changing signals. Many diagnostic routines using

the analog display require practice. You will usually belooking for good or bad signal patterns that occur oversome span of time. Noisy resistance measurements, forinstance, create such patterns. Therefore, familiarity withanalog display response and movement is necessary toaccurately interpret a signal pattern. Compare the analogdisplay response when making measurements on a unitknown to be good, to the analog display response whenmaking measurements on a faulty unit.

Using the MIN MAX Recording ModeThe MIN MAX Recording mode can be used to catchintermittents and turn on or turn off surges, verifyperformance, measure while you are away ("baby sit"), ortake readings while you are operating the equipmentunder test and cannot watch the meter. The audible MinMax Alert indicates when a new minimum or maximumvalue has been recorded.

You can select either a 100 millisecond, 1 millisecond(Peak), or 1 second (high accuracy) "response time" forrecording minimum and maximum readings. The responsetime is the length of time an input must stay at a newvalue to record the full change.

The 100 millisecond response time is best for recordingpower supply surges, inrush currents, and finding

Applications

25

intermittent failures. This mode follows the update time ofthe analog display. (The minimum and maximumexcursions of the analog display get recorded.)The 1 millisecond Peak MIN MAX mode is ideal forrecording transients, especially from intermittent powerlines or connections. This mode can also be used tomeasure the + and - peak values of sinewaves up toabout 450 Hz, for easy measurement of both peak linevoltage and line current measurements of power suppliesand electrical equipment.

The high accuracy mode (1 second response time) followsthe digital display and can be selected as a power-onoption by pressing Mwhile turning the meter on. Thismode has the full accuracy of the meter and is best forrecording power supply drift, line (mains) voltage changes,or circuit performance while line voltage, temperature,load, or some other parameter is being changed.Frequency Counter readings are recorded only in the highaccuracy mode

In the MIN MAX Recording mode, the true average of allreadings taken since entering MIN MAX is calculated. Theaverage value displayed in both the 100 millisecond and 1second modes is the mathematical integral of the input(within the response time and accuracy specifications of

the meter). When you display the average, the readingrate slows somewhat in order to calculate the average ofthe accumulated readings.

The average reading is useful for smoothing out unstableor changing inputs, calculating power consumption (suchas kilowatt hours), estimating the percent of time a circuitis operational, or verifying circuit performance (ortemperature with the optional 80TK ThermocoupleModule).If you want to record readings only during the duration ofa particular test (such as during the frequency responsesweep of an audio amplifier, for example), apply the inputsignal, start the test (or sweep, in this example), and letthe meter stabilize. Now press M, then pressIand stop the test. The minimum, maximum, andaverage of all readings taken during the test are now heldin memory. Momentarily press Mto scroll to thereading of interest. Be careful: if you hold down theMfor longer than a second, you will exit the MINMAX Recording mode and erase the memory. As long asthe rotary switch is not turned and the other pushbuttons(except REL) are not pressed, these readings will remainin memory until the battery dies.

87Users Manual

26

Measuring FrequencyIn the Frequency Counter mode, the frequency displayautoranges to one of five ranges: 199.99 Hz, 1999.9 Hz,19.999 kHz, 199.99 kHz, and greater that 200 kHz. Forfrequencies below 10 Hz, the update rate slows andfollows the input signal. For frequencies between 0.5 Hzand 0.3 Hz, the display may not be stable. For frequenciesbelow 0.3 Hz, the display shows 00.00 Hz.

For most frequency measurements, turn the rotary switchto K, connect the meter to the signal being measured, andthen press FConnecting the meter to the signalbefore pressing Hz will normally allow the meter toautorange to an appropriate range, but the minimum inputsignal required to trigger the frequency counter varies,depending on the range and frequency (seeSpecifications). If the input signal is below the triggerlevel, frequency measurements will not be taken. If yourreadings are unstable, the input signal may be near thetrigger level for that range. You can usually correct this byselecting a lower range. In the Frequency Counter mode,the range (displayed in the lower-right corner of the LCD)will only change when you press the Kbutton.

If your readings seem to be a multiple of what youexpected, your input signal may have distortion or ringing.

(For example, electronic motor controls distort bothvoltage and current waveforms.) Select a higher inputrange if you suspect multiple triggering. An alternative isto turn the rotary switch to F or l, which will shift thetrigger level from 0V to a positive voltage that changeswith each range. In general, the lowest frequencydisplayed is the correct one.

In the Frequency Counter mode, the input range acts likean attenuator, the G function ac-couples the input signal,and the F and l functions dc-couple the input signal.The F function is optimized for triggering on logic andswitching signals. The 4V dc range is optimized to triggeron all common 5V logic families (triggers at 1.7V 0.1V).High frequency logic signals may require the use of the400 mV ac range. The 40V dc range is optimized totrigger on automotive switching signals (triggers at 4V 1V). All ranges in the F function trigger at approximately10% of range, except for the 4V range.

Frequency measurements can be made on current inputs.The inputs are always dc-coupled. The triggeringcharacteristics are shown in Table 6.

Applications

27

Table 6. Frequency Counter Operation With CurrentInputs

InputApproximateSensitivity

Approximate TriggerLevel

Range (0.5 Hz - 20 kHz) AC Current DC CurrentAmAA

300 A30 mA

3A

0 A0 mA0A

400 A40 mA

4A

Measuring Duty CycleDuty Cycle (or duty factor) is an alternate FrequencyCounter mode that displays, in percent, the time the inputsignal is above the trigger level (or below the trigger levelif the negative trigger slope is selected). The Duty Cyclemode is optimized for measuring the on or off time of logicor switching controls. Many industrial control systems(electronic fuel injection in automobiles, for example) arepulse-width modulated, and duty cycle measurementsprovide a quick check on their performance.

For logic level signals, use the 4V dc range. For 12Vswitching signals in automobiles, use the 40V dc range.

For sine waves, use the most sensitive range you canwithout getting double triggering. (Normally, a clean signalcan be up to ten times the amplitude of the range you areon.) Duty cycle measurements can also be used as anindication of potential triggering problems on sine wave ornear sine wave signals. If you do not measureapproximately 50% duty cycle, you may have a distortedwaveform.

In Duty Cycle (and Frequency Counter) mode, the slope(or edge) on which the counter triggers is selected bypressing T. The slope selected is indicated by a + or- annunciator in the lower-left corner of the LCD. Thewaveform shown in Figure 3 represents the duty cyclemeasurement of a typical logic signal.

The manner in which your meter takes duty cyclemeasurements allows it to be very tolerant of aperiodic(repetitive but not periodic) signals. Duty cyclemeasurements on low frequency (

87Users Manual

28

+Slope Trigger Point

-Slope Trigger Point

30% +Slope 70% -Slope

100%

ep3f.eps

Figure 3. Duty Cycle Measurement of Typical Logic Signal

The precision and resolution of the duty cyclemeasurements are achieved by averaging manyrepetitions of the input signal. In rare cases, thisaveraging technique (which is similar to pulse-widthaveraging in a conventional counter) may cause ameasurement problem called "aliasing." Aliasing resultswhen the frequency of the input signal happens to beexactly synchronized with the reference crystal oscillatorof the meter. This occurs when the frequency of the inputsignal can be exactly divided into the frequency of theoscillator (131,072 Hz) or one of the oscillatorsharmonics. When they are nearly synchronized, themeter is "blind" to the correct duty cycle, and the display

will alternate between incorrect readings. If this occurs,and the frequency reading was stable, press Mtoselect the MIN MAX Record mode and scroll to theaverage display. The average display will stabilize on thecorrect duty cycle.

A common duty cycle measurement is the "dwell" anglein an automobile. Dwell is the number of degrees ofdistributor rotation that the points remain closed (orcurrent is flowing in the coil). Use the following to converta dwell angle to duty cycle (in percent):

Maintenance

29

% Duty Cycle = Dwell (degrees) x No. of Cylinders x 100360 degrees

To make a dwell measurement, set the rotary switch to F,select the 40V range, press Ftwice (the %annunciator on the right side of the LCD should turn on),and press the T(to select the negative trigger slopeso the measurement will be the "off" or points closedtime). Then connect the COM input to ground, andconnect the VJL input to the low (or switched) side ofthe coil. Most automobiles have the points closed for aduty cycle between 50-70%.

Pulse Width MeasurementsFor a periodic waveform (that is, repetitive at equal timeintervals), a duty cycle measurement can be easilyconverted to pulse width. First measure the frequency andthen measure the duty cycle. Toggle T to select thepolarity of the pulse you want to measure. To convertfrequency and duty cycle measurements into a pulsewidth, use the following:

Pulse Width = % Duty Cycle / 100Frequency

MaintenanceRepairs or servicing not covered in this manual shouldonly be performed by qualified personnel as described inthe 80 Series Service Manual (refer to Table 7 for partnumber).General MaintenancePeriodically wipe the case with a damp cloth anddetergent (do not use abrasives or solvents). If the inputalert is falsely activated by moisture:

1. Turn the multimeter off and remove all test leads.

2. Shake out the input receptacles.

3. Use a clean swab in each of the four terminals todislodge and clean out the contamination.

4. Soak a new swab with the cleaning and oiling agentWD40. Work this swab around in the A and mA Aterminals. Since the oiling agent insulates theterminals from moisture-related shorting, thispreventive treatment ensures against futureerroneous Input Alerts.

87Users Manual

30

CalibrationCalibrate your meter once a year to ensure that itperforms according to its specifications. Contact thenearest Service Center or refer to the 80 Series ServiceManual for calibration procedures. For replacement parts,see the parts list at the end of this manual.

WarningTo avoid electrical shock, remove the testleads and any input signals before replacingthe battery or fuses. To prevent damage orinjury, install only quick acting fuses with theamp/volt ratings shown in Figure 4.

Battery ReplacementThe meter is powered by a single 9V battery (NEDA 1604,6F22, or 006P). Referring to Figure 4, use the followingprocedure to replace the battery:

1. Disconnect test leads from any live source, turn therotary switch to OFF, and remove the test leads fromthe front terminals.

2. The case bottom is secured to the case top by threescrews and two internal snaps (at the LCD end).

Using a Phillips-head screwdriver, remove the threescrews from the case bottom and turn the case over.

3. Lift the input terminal end of the case top until itgently unsnaps from the case bottom at the endnearest the LCD.

4. Lift the battery from the case bottom, and carefullydisconnect the battery connector leads.

5. Snap the battery connector leads to the terminals of anew battery and reinsert the battery into the casebottom. Dress the battery leads so that they will notbe pinched between the case bottom and case top.

6. Ensure that the case top rotary switch and circuitboard switch are in the OFF position.

7. Replace the case top, ensuring that the gasket isproperly seated and the two snaps on the case top (atthe end near the LCD) are engaged. Reinstall thethree screws.

Fuse TestUse the following procedure to test the internal fuses ofthe meter.

Maintenance

31

BatteryBattery Connector

9V Battery

Case Top

Case Top

Case Bottom

Case Bottom

LCD

Snaps

Fuse (F2) F11A, 1000 VAC/DCMinimum Interrupt Rating

17 000A Fuse (F1) F44/100A, 1000 VAC/DCMinimum Interrupt Rating 10 000A

"A" "B"ep4f.eps

Figure 4. Battery and Fuse Replacement

87Users Manual

32

1. Turn the rotary selector switch to MJK.

2. Plug a test lead into the VJL input terminal andtouch the probe to the [A] input terminal. Because thereceptacles of the input terminals contain splitcontacts, be sure that you touch the probe to the halfof the receptacle contact that is nearest the LCD.

3. The display should indicate between 00.0 and 00.5ohms. This tests F2 (11A, 1000V). If the displayreads OL (overload), replace the fuse and test again.If the display reads any other value, have the meterserviced.

4. Move the probe from the A input terminal to the mAA input terminal.

5. The display should indicate between 0.995 k and1.005 k. This tests F1 (44/100A, 1000V). If thedisplay reads OL (overload), replace the fuse and testagain. If the display reads any other value, have themeter serviced.

Fuse ReplacementReferring to Figure 4, use the following procedure toexamine or replace the meters fuses:

1. Perform steps 1 through 3 of the battery replacementprocedure.

2. Remove the defective fuse by gently prying one endof the fuse loose and sliding the fuse out of the fusebracket.

3. Install a new fuse of the same size and rating. Makesure the new fuse is centered in the fuse holder.

4. Ensure that the case top rotary switch and circuitboard switch are in the OFF position.

5. Replace the case top, ensuring that the gasket isproperly seated, the battery leads are properlydressed, and the two snaps on the case top (at theend near the LCD) are engaged. Reinstall the threescrews.

ServiceIf the meter fails, check the battery and fuse(s) andreplace as needed. If the meter still does not workproperly, review this manual to make sure you areoperating it correctly. If the meter still malfunctions, pack itsecurely in its original shipping container and forward it,postage paid, to the nearest Service Center. Include adescription of the malfunction. Fluke assumes NOresponsibility for damage in transit.

Replaceable Parts

33

A meter under warranty will be promptly repaired orreplaced (at Flukes option) and returned at no charge.See the registration card for warranty terms. If thewarranty has lapsed, the meter will be repaired andreturned for a fixed fee.To locate an authorized service center, call Fluke usingany of the phone numbers listed below, or visit us on theWorld Wide Web: www.fluke.com

1-800-443-5853 in U.S.A and Canada

31 40 267 8200 in Europe

206-356-5500 from other countries

Replaceable PartsNote

When servicing the meter, use only thereplacement parts specified.

Replaceable parts are shown in Figure 5 and listed inTable 7. To order replacement parts in the USA, call 1-800-526-4731. To order outside the USA, contact thenearest Service Center.

87Users Manual

34

Table 7. Replaceable Parts

Item Description Fluke Part Number QuantityBT1 Battery, 9V 614487 1F1 P Fuse, F44/100A, 1000 VAC/DC 943121 1F2 P Fuse, F11A, 1000 VAC/DC 943118 1H1 Screw, Case 832246 3MP1 Foot, Non-Skid 824466 2MP2 O-Ring, Input Receptacle 831933 1TM1 Users Manual, Fluke 87 (English) 834192 1TM2 Users Manual, Fluke 87 (International) 834200 TM3 Service Manual, CAT III labeled meters

all other meters617826834168

TM4 Quick Reference Guide, Fluke 80 Series 844290 1TL20** Industrial Test Lead Set (Optional) TL75** Test Lead Set 1C81Y** Holster, Yellow 1C81G** Holster, Gray (Optional) C25** Carrying Case, Soft (Optional) P To ensure safety, use exact replacement only.** Items marked with two asterisks are Fluke accessories and are available from you authorized Fluke distributor.

Replaceable Parts

35

C81Y,C81G

TL75

MP1

MP2BT1

H1

F1

F2

ep5f.eps

Figure 5. Replaceable Parts

87Users Manual

36

SpecificationsFunction Range Resolution Accuracy*

50 Hz - 60 Hz 45 Hz - 1 kHz 1 kHz - 5 kHz 5 kHz - 20 kHz***BV

400.0 mV4.000V40.00V400.0V1000v

0.1 mV0.001V0.01V0.1V1V

(0.7% + 4)(0.7% + 2)(0.7% + 2)(0.7% + 2)(0.7% + 2)

(1.0% + 4)(1.0% + 4)(1.0% + 4)(1.0% + 4)(1.0% + 4)**

(2.0% + 4)(2.0% + 4)(2.0% + 4)(2.0% + 4)unspecified

(2.0% + 20)(2.0% + 20)(2.0% + 20)unspecifiedunspecified

* Accuracy is given as ([% of reading] + [number] + [number of lease significant digits]) at 18C to 28C, with relativehumidity up to 90%, for a period of one year after calibration. In the 4 -digit mode, multiply the number of leasesignificant digits (counts) by 10. AC conversions are ac-coupled, true rms responding, calibrated to the rms value ofa sine wave input, and valid from 5% to 100% of range. AC crest factor can be up to 3 at full scale, 6 at half scale.For non-sinusoidal wave forms add -(2% Rdg +2% Fs) typical, for a crest factor up to 3.

** Below 10% of range, add 16 counts.*** Below 10% of range, add 6 digits. The Fluke 87 is a True-RMS responding meter. The meter will display a reading (typically

Specifications

37

Specifications (cont)Function Range Resolution Accuracy*

L 4.000V40.00 V400.0 V1000 V

0.001V0.01 V0.1 V1 V

(0.1% + 1)(0.1% + 1)(0.1% + 1)(0.1% + 1)

FmV

400.0 mV 0.1 mV (0.1% + 1)

e

(nS)

400.04.000 k40.00 k400.0 k4.000 M40.00 M40.00 nS

0.10.001 k0.01 k0.1 k0.001 M0.01 M0.01 nS

(0.2% + 2)**(0.2% + 1)(0.2% + 1)(0.6% + 1)(0.6% + 1)(1% + 3)(1% + 10)

* See page 36 for a complete explanation of this notation.** When using the REL function to compensate for offsets.

Typical Ohms Short Circuit CurrentRange 400 4k 40k 400k 4M 40MCurrent 200 A 80 A 12 A 1.4 A .2 A .2 A

87Users Manual

38

Specifications (cont)Function Range Resolution Accuracy***

Capacitance 5.00 nF0.0500 F0.500 F5.00 F

0.01 nF0.0001 F0.001 F0.01 F

(1% + 3)(1% + 3)(1% + 3)(1.9% + 3)

Diode Test 3.000V 0.001V (2% + 1)

Function Range Resolution Accuracy* Burden Voltage (typical)mA \

(45 Hz to 2 kHz)

mA [

40.00 mA400.0 mA4000 mA10.00A40.00 mA400.0 mA4000 mA10.00 A

0.01 mA0.1 mA1 mA0.01A

0.01 mA0.1 mA1 mA0.01A

(1.0% + 2)(1.0% + 2)(1.0% + 2)(1.0% + 2)(0.2% + 2)(0.2% + 2)(0.2% + 2)(0.2% + 2)

1.8 mV/mA1.8 mV/mA0.03 V/A0.03 V/A

1.8 mV/mA1.8 mV/mA0.03 V/A0.03 V/A

*** With film capacitor or better, using Relative mode to zero residual. See page 34 for a complete explanation of this notation. 10A continuous, 20A for 30 seconds maximum.W

Specifications

39

Specifications (cont)

Function Range Resolution Accuracy Burden Voltage (typical)

BA(45 Hz to 2 kHz)

FA

400.0 A4000 A

400.0 A4000 A

0.1 A1 A

0.1 A1 A

(1.0% + 2)(1.0% + 2)

(0.2% + 3)(0.2% + 2)

100 V/A100 V/A

100 V/A100 V/A

Function Range Resolution Accuracy

Frequency(0.5 Hz to 200 kHz, pulsewidth >2 s)

199.991999.919.999 kHz199.99 kHz>200 kHz

0.01 Hz0.1 Hz0.001 kHz0.01 kHz0.1 kHz

(0.005% + 1)(0.005% + 1)(0.005% + 1)(0.005% + 1)Unspecified

See page 36 for a complete explanation of this notation.

87Users Manual

40


Frequency Counter Sensitivity and Trigger Level

Input Range Minimum Sensitivity (RMS Sinewave)(Maximum input for

specified accuracy =10X Range or 1000V)

5 Hz - 20 kHz 0.5 Hz - 200 kHzApproximate Trigger Level

(DC Voltage Function)

400 mV dc400 mV dc4V40V400V1000V

70 mV (to 400 Hz)150 mV0.3V3V30V300V

70 mV (to 400 Hz)150 mV0.7V7V (140 kHz)70V (14.0 kHz)700V (1.4 kHz)

40 mV

1.7V4V40V400V

Duty Cycle 0.0 to 99.9%

Accuracy: Within (0.05% per kHz + 0.1%) of full scale for a 5V logic family input on the 4V dc range.

Within ((0.06 x Voltage Range/Input Voltage) x 100%) of full scale for sine waveinputs on ac voltage ranges.

Specifications

41


Function OverloadProtectionInput

Impedance(nominal)

Common Mode RejectionRatio (1 k unbalance) Normal Mode Rejection

L 1000V rms 10 M120 dB at dc, 50 Hz or 60 Hz >60 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz

FmV

1000V rms 10 M120 dB at dc, 50 Hz or 60 Hz >60 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz

K 1000V rms 10 M60 dBc dc to 60 Hz

Open Circuit Full Scale Voltage Short CircuitTest Voltage To 4.0 M 40 M or nS Current

e 1000V rms

87Users Manual

42


Nominal Response Accuracy

MIN MAXRecording

100 ms to 80%(DC Functions)120 ms to 80%(AC Functions)1s

1 ms

Specified accuracy 12 digits for changes >200 ms in duration.

Specified accuracy 40 digits for changes >350 ms and inputs >25%of range.

Same as specified accuracy for changes >2 seconds in duration.

Specified accuracy 40 digits for changes >1 ms in duration.(100 digits typical for mv, 400 A dc, 40 mA dc, 4000 mA dc.

WFuse Protection Maximum Voltage between any Terminal and Earth Ground

mA or AA

44/100A, 1000V FAST Fuse11A, 1000V FAST Fuse

1000V rms

Specifications

43

Specifications (cont)Display Digital: 4000 counts updates 4/sec

19,999 counts (4-digit mode), updates 1/secAnalog: 4 x 32 segments (equivalent to 128), updates 40/secFrequency: 19,999 counts, updates 3/sec @ >10 HzBacklight: On for 68 seconds when selected.

Operating Temperature -20C to 55CStorage Temperature -40C to 60CTemperature Coefficient 0.05 x (specified accuracy)/ C (28C)Electromagnetic Compatibility In an RF field of 1 V/m on all ranges and functions except capacitance:

Total Accuracy = Specified Accuracy + 2.5% of range.Capacitance not specified.Performance above 1 V/m is not specified.

Relative Humidity 0% to 90% (0C to 35C)0% to 70% (35C to 55C)

Battery Type 9V, NEDA 1604 or 6F22 or 006PBattery Life 400 hrs typical with alkalineShock Vibration Per MIL-T-28800 for a Class 2 instrumentSize (HxWxL) 1.25 in x 3.41 in x 7.35 in (3.1 cm x 8.6 cm x 18.6 cm)With Holster and Flex-Stand: 2.06 in x 3.86 in x 7.93 in (5.2 cm x 9.8 cm x 20.1 cm)Weight 12.5 oz (355g)With Holster and Flex-Stand: 22.0 oz (624g)Safety Designed to comply with IEC 1010-1 as a 1000V, CAT III instrument (see pg.2 for

definition of CAT III). UL listed to UL3111, TUV licensed to EN 61010-1, CSA 22.2No. 1010.1:1992.

87Users Manual

44

87 Users ManualInterference InformationTable of ContentsList of TablesList of Figures

IntroductionMultimeter SafetyGetting Started QuicklyHow to Use the MeterInput Terminals and Input AlertPushbuttonsSummary of Power-On OptionsDigital and Analog DisplaysHolster and Flex-Stand

ApplicationsMeasuring Voltage (AC/DC)Measuring CurrentContinuity TestingMeasuring ResistanceUsing Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage TestsNoisy Resistance MeasurementsMeasuring CapacitanceDiode TestingUsing the Analog DisplayUsing the MIN MAX Recording ModeMeasuring FrequencyMeasuring Duty CyclePulse Width Measurements

MaintenanceGeneral MaintenanceCalibrationBattery ReplacementFuse TestFuse ReplacementService

Replaceable PartsSpecifications

Documents

Fluke 87III original manual