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General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

Shenzhen Center Power Tech Co Ltd

VISION

Rechargeable Products

Lead-Acid Battery

Center Power Industrial Park Tongfu Industrial DistrictDapeng TownPC 518120 Shenzhen China

Tel +86-755-8431 8088 Fax +86-755-8431 8700

E-mail salesvision-battcom

Website httpwwwvision-battcom

(Edition Apr 2008)

BSConforms to BS 6290-4

Products Guide

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

1 2

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

General purpose

application batteries

Principle of

VRLA batteries

PbO2

Positive Plate

Pb

Negative Plate

2

Separator

+ -

H SO2 4

+ -Charger

Valve

O

Electrolyte in absorptive glass mat

VISION FM

PbO2

Positive Plate

Pb

Negative Plate

Separator

+ -

H SO2 4

+ -Charger

2H

Liquid electrolyte

Convention Cell

2O

Conventional Cell

Oxygen and hydrogen escape to the atmosphere

VISION FM

Oxygen from the positive plate transfers to the negative

and recombines with lead to form water

VISION FM series are designed for general-purpose applications such as UPS telecom and electrical utilities

With 10 years design life the batteries comply to the most popular international standards such as IEC60896-2122 BS6290-4

Eurobat Guide The battery container and cover are available both in V0 class flame retardant ABS or HBO ABS plastics

With more than 15 years of production experience VISION FM series of VRLA batteries are recognized as the most reliable and high quality

battery system in the industry

Principle of the oxygen reduction cycle

electrolysis occurs at the final stagethen(so) hydrogen

generates from the negative plates and oxygen from the

positive plates This causes water loss and periodic watering

is needed

However evolution of oxygen and hydrogen gases does not

occur simultaneously because the recharge of the positive

plates is not as efficient as the negative ones This means

that oxygen is evolved from the positive plate before

hydrogen is evolved from the negative plate

At the same time that oxygen is evolved from the positive

plate a substantial amount of highly active spongy lead

exists on the negative plate before it commences hydrogen

evolution Therefore providing oxygen can be transported to

the negative plates conditions are ideal for a rapid reaction

between lead and oxygen ie oxygen is electrochemically

reduced on the negative plate according to the following

formula

+- 2e + 2H + 12O2rarrH2O

and the final product is water

The current flowing through the negative plate drives this

reaction instead of hydrogen evolution which occurs in a

conventional battery

This process is called gas recombination If this process were

100 efficient no water would be lost from the battery By

careful design and selection of battery components gas

recombination efficiency is from 95 to 99

During conventional lead Acid battery charging water Recombination efficiency

Recombination efficiency is determined under specific

conditions by measuring the volume of hydrogen emitted

from the battery and converting this into its ampere-hour

equivalent This equivalent value is then subtracted from

the total ampere-hours taken by the battery during the test

period and the remainder is the batterys recombination

efficiency and is usually expressed as a percentage

As recombination is never 100 some hydrogen gas is

emitted from batteries through the safety valve The volume

of gas emitted is very small and typical average values on

oconstant potential float at 25 are as followsC

VISION FM hydrogen emissions

Float Voltage Volume of gas emitted

(Vcell) (mlcellC10Ahmonth)

223~228 38

240~245 25

Position of terminals

CBA D

Terminal

6FM90T-X 16

6FM17-X 12 17 182 181 713 77 303 167 657 167 657 M5 B 57 126

6FM24-X 12 24 25 2 166 654 175 689 125 492 125 492 M5 B 86 190

6FM33-X 12 33 356 195 768 130 512 155 610 168 661 M6 A 102 225

6FM40-X 12 40 430 197 776 165 650 170 669 170 669 M6 B 135 298

6FM45-X 12 45 474 197 776 165 650 170 669 170 669 M6 B 138 304

6FM55SG-X 12 55 572 229 902 138 543 208 819 213 839 M6 A 195 430

6FM60-X 12 60 658 258 102 166 654 206 811 215 846 M6 A 240 529

6FM65-X 12 65 700 350 138 167 657 179 705 179 705 M6 A 234 516

6FM75-X 12 75 810 258 102 166 654 206 811 215 846 M6 A 240 529

6FM80-X 12 80 852 350 138 167 657 179 705 179 705 M6 A 242 533

6FM90T-X 12 90 976 306 120 169 665 210 827 215 846 M6 A 300 662

6FM100-X 12 100 107 330 130 171 673 215 846 222 874 M6 A 320 706

6FM120-X 12 120 126 410 161 176 693 227 894 227 894 M8 A 380 838

6FM134-X 12 134 144 341 134 173 681 283 111 287 113 M8 A 425 937

6FM150-X 12 150 162 485 191 172 677 240 945 240 945 M8 A 470 104

6FM175 12 175 185 533 210 207 815 215 847 240 945 M10 C 564 124

6FM200-X 12 200 216 522 206 238 937 218 858 223 878 M8 C 650 143

6FM230-X 12 230 243 520 205 269 106 203 800 208 819 M8 C 726 1601

3FM225-X 6 225 234 320 126 176 693 225 886 247 972 M8 D 305 673

More battery types are available on website httpwwwvision-battcom

TYPE NominalVoltage(V)

Terminal Wt(lbs)o 18Vpc10hr25 C

L(mm) L(inch) W(mm) H(mm) W(inch) H(inch) TH(mm) TH(inch) Wt(Kg)LayoutCapacity(Ah)

o 175Vpc20hr25 C

General SpecificationsCapacity(Ah)

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

1 2

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

General purpose

application batteries

Principle of

VRLA batteries

PbO2

Positive Plate

Pb

Negative Plate

2

Separator

+ -

H SO2 4

+ -Charger

Valve

O

Electrolyte in absorptive glass mat

VISION FM

PbO2

Positive Plate

Pb

Negative Plate

Separator

+ -

H SO2 4

+ -Charger

2H

Liquid electrolyte

Convention Cell

2O

Conventional Cell

Oxygen and hydrogen escape to the atmosphere

VISION FM

Oxygen from the positive plate transfers to the negative

and recombines with lead to form water

VISION FM series are designed for general-purpose applications such as UPS telecom and electrical utilities

With 10 years design life the batteries comply to the most popular international standards such as IEC60896-2122 BS6290-4

Eurobat Guide The battery container and cover are available both in V0 class flame retardant ABS or HBO ABS plastics

With more than 15 years of production experience VISION FM series of VRLA batteries are recognized as the most reliable and high quality

battery system in the industry

Principle of the oxygen reduction cycle

electrolysis occurs at the final stagethen(so) hydrogen

generates from the negative plates and oxygen from the

positive plates This causes water loss and periodic watering

is needed

However evolution of oxygen and hydrogen gases does not

occur simultaneously because the recharge of the positive

plates is not as efficient as the negative ones This means

that oxygen is evolved from the positive plate before

hydrogen is evolved from the negative plate

At the same time that oxygen is evolved from the positive

plate a substantial amount of highly active spongy lead

exists on the negative plate before it commences hydrogen

evolution Therefore providing oxygen can be transported to

the negative plates conditions are ideal for a rapid reaction

between lead and oxygen ie oxygen is electrochemically

reduced on the negative plate according to the following

formula

+- 2e + 2H + 12O2rarrH2O

and the final product is water

The current flowing through the negative plate drives this

reaction instead of hydrogen evolution which occurs in a

conventional battery

This process is called gas recombination If this process were

100 efficient no water would be lost from the battery By

careful design and selection of battery components gas

recombination efficiency is from 95 to 99

During conventional lead Acid battery charging water Recombination efficiency

Recombination efficiency is determined under specific

conditions by measuring the volume of hydrogen emitted

from the battery and converting this into its ampere-hour

equivalent This equivalent value is then subtracted from

the total ampere-hours taken by the battery during the test

period and the remainder is the batterys recombination

efficiency and is usually expressed as a percentage

As recombination is never 100 some hydrogen gas is

emitted from batteries through the safety valve The volume

of gas emitted is very small and typical average values on

oconstant potential float at 25 are as followsC

VISION FM hydrogen emissions

Float Voltage Volume of gas emitted

(Vcell) (mlcellC10Ahmonth)

223~228 38

240~245 25

Position of terminals

CBA D

Terminal

6FM90T-X 16

6FM17-X 12 17 182 181 713 77 303 167 657 167 657 M5 B 57 126

6FM24-X 12 24 25 2 166 654 175 689 125 492 125 492 M5 B 86 190

6FM33-X 12 33 356 195 768 130 512 155 610 168 661 M6 A 102 225

6FM40-X 12 40 430 197 776 165 650 170 669 170 669 M6 B 135 298

6FM45-X 12 45 474 197 776 165 650 170 669 170 669 M6 B 138 304

6FM55SG-X 12 55 572 229 902 138 543 208 819 213 839 M6 A 195 430

6FM60-X 12 60 658 258 102 166 654 206 811 215 846 M6 A 240 529

6FM65-X 12 65 700 350 138 167 657 179 705 179 705 M6 A 234 516

6FM75-X 12 75 810 258 102 166 654 206 811 215 846 M6 A 240 529

6FM80-X 12 80 852 350 138 167 657 179 705 179 705 M6 A 242 533

6FM90T-X 12 90 976 306 120 169 665 210 827 215 846 M6 A 300 662

6FM100-X 12 100 107 330 130 171 673 215 846 222 874 M6 A 320 706

6FM120-X 12 120 126 410 161 176 693 227 894 227 894 M8 A 380 838

6FM134-X 12 134 144 341 134 173 681 283 111 287 113 M8 A 425 937

6FM150-X 12 150 162 485 191 172 677 240 945 240 945 M8 A 470 104

6FM175 12 175 185 533 210 207 815 215 847 240 945 M10 C 564 124

6FM200-X 12 200 216 522 206 238 937 218 858 223 878 M8 C 650 143

6FM230-X 12 230 243 520 205 269 106 203 800 208 819 M8 C 726 1601

3FM225-X 6 225 234 320 126 176 693 225 886 247 972 M8 D 305 673

More battery types are available on website httpwwwvision-battcom

TYPE NominalVoltage(V)

Terminal Wt(lbs)o 18Vpc10hr25 C

L(mm) L(inch) W(mm) H(mm) W(inch) H(inch) TH(mm) TH(inch) Wt(Kg)LayoutCapacity(Ah)

o 175Vpc20hr25 C

General SpecificationsCapacity(Ah)

Terminal

Separator

Positive Plate

Negative Plate

Container

3 4

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

Construction

These reactions can take place only by using

- Plates composed of special alloy with several

components which provide the plate grids with high

mechanical strength and a high level of hydrogen

over voltage

- An appropriate ratio between positive and negative

active materials

- Fiberglass separators manufactured from borosilicate

giving them excellent resistance to high temperatures

and to sulphuric acid The high level of porosity of these

separators is used to retain the quantity of electrolyte

necessary for cell operation but without any free

electrolyte

- A pressure relief valve which allows gas to be released

if necessary in the case of an accidental overcharge

Charge

characteristics

The cells in the VISION FM product range must be

charged at a constant voltage at an ambient

otemperature of 25 the batteries should be charged

at 223-228 volts per cell It is not necessary to limit

the current as this will be governed by the maximum

output available from the charger until the voltage limit

is reached The charging voltage of 223-228 volts

should also be used for float charging To achieve

nominal performance characteristics it is recommended

to adjust this value to suit the ambient temperature

as indicated in the following table

Under these conditions a full recharge will be completed

in approximately 48 hours

C

Fast recharge

Increasing the charge voltage to 240 Volts per cell can reduce

recharge time and it is possible depending on the depth of

discharge to halve the recharge time Under these conditions

however the charge must be monitored and must be terminated

when the charge current remains reasonably steady for 3 hours

after the voltage limit has been reached At the beginning of

charge the current must be limited to 03C10 (A)

Ripple current

The ripple content of the charging current affects the life of the

battery It is recommended to limit the continuous ripple current to

005 C10 (in amperes) as recommended value (never exceed

010C10) Transient and other ripple type voltage excursions can

be accommodated provided that with the battery disconnected

the system peak to peak voltage including regulation limits falls

within 25 of the recommended float voltage of the battery

Temperature Float charge voltage

231 - 236 V

228 - 233 V

225 - 230 V

223 - 228 V

222 - 227 V

220 - 225 V

o 0 C

o10 C

o20 C

o25 C

o30 C

o35 C

6FM

G

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ons

Se

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sTable

s of

perf

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ances

VIS

ION

FM

5

Co

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Cu

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Dis

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C

(

Am

pe

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65 v

olt

s p

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ce

ll

6F

M17-X

649

442

340

268

225

196

174

157

144

134

125

118

82

064

053

24

60

36

831

326

723

421

019

017

514

907

8

6F

M24-X

795

563

433

349

301

263

233

209

192

176

165

151

111

90

374

96

54

52

443

438

033

830

327

525

221

311

9

6F

M33-X

106

773

594

479

409

363

323

292

269

249

233

219

154

122

103

89

772

762

552

845

940

836

733

528

515

3

6F

M40-X

124

884

689

548

463

407

364

331

306

286

270

256

180

142

119

104

84

372

462

355

149

845

642

235

518

6

6F

M45-X

136

950

743

599

513

455

408

372

344

317

295

276

196

156

132

116

91

476

666

358

953

449

045

438

620

2

6F

M55S

G-X

165

124

954

764

650

574

508

458

419

388

363

342

242

192

162

142

113

95

782

573

166

160

656

247

524

3

6F

M60-X

188

143

110

875

740

650

581

529

489

451

420

394

279

221

186

163

131

111

95

584

476

169

764

554

830

6

6F

M65-X

203

151

116

922

777

680

615

566

528

485

449

419

295

233

196

171

137

117

101

89

681

074

369

058

131

2

6F

M75-X

222

169

131

104

888

783

689

619

564

528

499

475

345

279

240

214

168

141

120

104

92

683

776

565

135

0

6F

M80-X

6F

M90T-X

208

162

129

108

950

849

774

715

655

607

566

413

337

291

260

204

170

144

126

112

101

92

578

742

4

6F

M100-X

221

178

141

119

104

932

850

787

722

669

625

451

364

312

277

218

183

157

139

125

115

106

90

146

8

6F

M120-X

245

195

156

132

116

103

936

861

801

752

711

513

414

355

315

249

210

181

160

145

133

123

105

54

7

6F

M134-X

292

237

191

163

145

128

115

105

967

899

843

609

491

421

374

297

250

212

185

164

148

136

116

62

3

6F

M150-X

327

267

214

183

162

144

131

120

112

105

990

716

579

497

442

342

282

239

209

186

168

154

131

70

5

6F

M175

309

248

211

187

165

149

137

127

118

112

807

653

561

499

392

327

278

242

216

195

179

153

79

6

6F

M200-X

350

281

240

212

187

168

153

141

132

124

898

727

624

556

441

372

316

275

245

222

203

173

92

9

6F

M230-X

394

317

271

241

215

196

182

170

160

152

110

891

766

682

538

451

379

327

288

257

238

200

104

3F

M225-X

367

297

255

227

207

191

179

166

156

147

104

826

697

611

488

415

355

312

279

254

234

197

101

210

160

123

990

844

747

667

607

560

522

491

464

334

268

230

203

159

132

113

99

088

179

973

461

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15

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25

min

30

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35

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4 0

min

45

min

50

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5 5

min

1h

1

5h

2

h

25

h

3h

4h

5

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6h

7

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9

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h

3h

4h

5

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6h

7

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8h

9

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10

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2

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6F

M17-X

670

453

356

278

231

200

177

160

147

136

127

120

84

166

155

448

238

031

827

324

121

719

818

315

608

2

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M24-X

850

600

460

370

320

279

245

220

202

185

173

158

115

94

077

567

654

044

539

034

531

028

025

621

612

0

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M33-X

115

802

615

493

419

370

327

294

269

251

236

223

157

124

104

90

873

463

053

246

241

036

933

628

615

4

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M40-X

131

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733

576

483

420

374

340

313

291

274

259

183

145

122

107

86

073

663

356

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546

242

836

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7

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M45-X

149

100

778

618

521

457

411

377

350

322

299

280

199

159

134

118

93

078

067

359

653

949

445

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4

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M55S

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175

129

994

793

672

592

523

471

431

399

373

351

249

197

167

146

116

98

284

374

466

961

156

547

824

5

6F

M60-X

202

129

115

910

766

670

598

545

503

466

436

410

289

228

191

167

134

114

98

086

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366

056

131

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M65-X

215

160

125

978

814

705

630

574

530

495

466

442

309

243

203

177

142

121

104

91

982

875

870

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240

178

137

109

929

818

732

667

617

571

534

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360

289

246

218

171

143

121

105

93

384

176

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218

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115

100

892

810

747

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655

620

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305

270

209

172

146

127

113

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6

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M100-X

229

185

146

123

108

963

874

805

748

701

662

471

375

318

279

224

190

163

143

129

117

108

90

647

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250

196

158

135

120

106

958

877

813

760

716

518

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360

320

251

210

182

162

146

134

125

105

55

4

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M134-X

314

248

197

167

147

130

117

107

988

921

865

624

503

430

382

303

256

216

187

166

149

136

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M150-X

360

288

228

193

169

149

135

123

115

108

102

733

589

503

445

347

288

244

212

188

170

155

132

71

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M175

324

259

220

195

172

154

141

131

122

115

830

670

574

511

401

335

283

246

218

197

180

154

80

0

6F

M200-X

360

290

248

220

194

174

159

147

136

128

928

752

646

576

455

382

323

280

249

224

204

175

93

4

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405

324

275

242

217

200

186

174

163

155

111

899

771

685

540

454

380

328

289

260

239

203

105

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M225-X

390

314

269

238

215

198

184

172

161

153

108

848

711

620

495

420

359

315

283

257

237

202

103

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318

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15 16

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

Battery

calculations

50KW

10rsquo

P

T

10KW

2h10rsquo

50KW

1h20rsquo

P

T

10KW

A Floating applications

A battery application is characterized by

- A voltage which must be held within certain limits

- A power level which must be delivered

- A set capacity to maintain the load in terms of time

By the use of these three parameters calculations can be

effected as follows

- A situation requires a maximum voltage of 490 volts

a minimum voltage of 378 volts

o- The ambient temperature is 25

- The float voltage is to be 227 volts per cell

Preliminary calculation

The maximum number of cells 490 V 227 V = 216 cells

The minimum voltage per cell at the end of discharge

378 V 216 = 175 volts

Case 1 discharge with a surge at the start of discharge

- The surge power is to be 50 kW for 10 minutes followed by

10 kW for 2 hours

C

Discharge current

During the surge 50000 W378 V = 132 amps

And then 10000 W378 V = 26 amps

Determining the cell required for the current

required

Current flow during surge

(132 A x 10 min) 60 min= 22 Ah

Current flow for 2 hours

26 A x 2 h = 52 Ah

Total capacity drawn 22 Ah + 52 Ah = 74 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 26 amps to supply 74 Ah

7426 = 28hours

From the table of performance characteristics expressed

in terms of the discharge current in amps for 175V end

voltage the cell to give a current of 26 amps for 28

hours is the 6FM100-X

Conclusion In this example it is the total number of Ah

required which determines the battery to be used ie

216 cells36 Batteries of type 6FM100-X

Case 2 discharge with a surge at the end of discharge

(here again it is the surge which dictates the battery to

be used) The continuous power is to be 10 kW for one

hour followed by a surge of 50 kW for 20 minutes

1h

Discharge current

- During the surge 50000 W378 V=132 amps

- Before the surge 10000 W378 V= 26 amps

Capacity drawn in 1 hour 26 A x 1 h = 26 Ah

Capacity drawn during surge (20 min) (132 amps x

20min) 60 min = 435 Ah

Total capacity drawn 695 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 360 amps to supply 26 Ah

(695132) x 60 min=32 min

From the table of performance characteristics

expressed in terms of the discharge current in amps for

175V end voltage the cell to give a current of 132 amps

for 32 minutes is the 6FM150-X

The battery to be used will consist of 216 cells36

Batteries of type 6FM150-X

B) Accidental deep discharge

This may involve discharge of the battery into indicator

lamps a lower load on the battery than that initially

planned a failure of the charging system a discharged

battery not recharged immediately etc

On a full discharged battery

All of the sulphuric acid has been consumed and the

electrolyte is now entirely water

Sulphation of the plates is at a maximum thus

increasing greatly the internal resistance of the battery

The aqueous solution in which the battery now finds

itself can give rise to the development of lead dendrites

on the separator during recharging and this may cause

the cell to short-circuit internally

Important note

This type of deep discharge will still result in the

premature deterioration of the battery and a significant

effect on its life expectancy

C) Effect of temperature on capacity

The following table gives the correction factor according to

otemperature where the reference temperature is 25 C

Duration of

discharge

15min

1 hour

10hour

Battery temperature

o o o o o o o o o o o o-15 C -10 C -5 C 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C

046 052 058 065 071 078 085 093 100 107 115 122

059 064 069 074 080 085 090 095 100 105 109 114

071 075 079 082 086 090 093 097 100 103 106 108

Installation

of the battery Battery storage

17 18

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

U = v x NTotal float Float voltage Number of cellsVoltage for one cell

Warning

- The batteries of the VISION FM Series are already

charged when delivered and are fitted with a protective

cap on each terminal They should be unpacked with care

- Avoid short-circuiting terminals of opposite polarity

because these units are capable of discharging at a very

high current especially if the lid or the container is

damaged

- Acid leakage and unusual appearance must be avoided

before switching on noting open circuit voltage

- There must be appointed man operating for 24 hs after

switching on to solving potential problems in time

noting voltage and current

Unpacking the battery

- Each shipment of VISION FM Series batteries is

accompanied by a packing list

- The packing list should be checked and the Sales

Department should be told immediately of any missing

items

Setting up the battery racks

- The structure should be assembled in accordance with

instructions supplied with the equipment

Racks

- Ensure that the stretchers and cross-members are

correctly interlinked

- Take up any irregularity in floor surface using shims

- Ensure that all frame members are correctly interlinked

- Use the adjustable feet to take up irregularities in the

floor surface

- Metal racks should always be connected to the building

earth in accordance with current regulations

Mounting in a cabinet

Ensure that the cabinet

- Is sufficiently strong to cope with the weight of the

battery- is covered with a layer of insulation

- Is naturally ventilated

Connection of cells

All connections should be insulated

In series

The number of cells in series will determine the total

float of voltage

In parallel

FM batteries of the same Ah rating may be connected in

parallel to give higher current capability This connection in

parallel will be preferably carried out through an

equipotential wiring for an equal current distribution in each

string

There is no technical reason for limiting the number of

strings but for practical installation reasons It is

recommended not allowed to exceed 3 strings in parallel

especially if the battery is used in high discharge rates

(backup time less than 15 mins)

General recommendations

- Do not wear clothing of synthetic material to avoid the

generation of static potentials

- Use insulated tools

- Place the cells beginning with the least accessible rows

spacing the cells as shown on the drawing

- Consult the drawing for the correct position of the battery

poles (positive=red colour negative = Black colour)

- Before attaching the inter-cell flexible cables check that all

terminals are in the correct position

- The battery cells are connected in series which is with a

positive pole connected to a negative pole

- Use only a damp cotton cloth for cleaning purposes

- Tighten the nuts or bolts to the recommended levels of

torque indicated on the product label Always use insulated

tools for fitting and torque up battery connections

Safety

All installations must comply with the current regulations and

norms

Storage conditions

The battery should be stored away from any moisture or

source of heat

Storage times

The self-discharge of VISION FM Series batteries as a

function of temperature is as follows

o 3 per month at 20 C

o 6 per month at 30 C

o 10 per month at 40 C

In order to ensure that the battery can be charged easily

after a long period of storage it is recommended that

batteries should not be stored for more than the following

periods without recharging

o 6 months at 20 C

o 4 months at 30 C

o 2 months at 40 C

Failure to comply with these recommendations may

compromise the life expectancy of the battery

Determining the state of charge of the battery

The state of charge of the battery can be determined by

measuring the off-load voltage after the battery has

been allowed to rest for 24 hours

Recharging stored batteries

The batteries should be recharged at the float charge

ovoltage to suit the temperature 223-228 volts at 25 C

per cell for a minimum period of 96 hours

The battery will be charged when the charging current

has remained constant for a period of 3 hours

of capacity

oat 20 C

216 215 214 213 213

209 209 209 209 209

206 206 206 206 206

202 202 202 202 202

197 197 197 197 197

o o o o o0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C

Voltage per cell at differents temperatures

Commissioning- Ensure that batteries are kept at all times in clean and

dry conditions

- Before commissioning the batteries must be charged

at a constant regulated voltage to match the prevailing

temperature for a minimum period of 48 hours

Maintenance- Check the tightening of connections

- Every month it is recommended that the total voltage

at the battery terminals be measured It should be

oNx223-228V at a temperature of 25 C where N is the

number of cells in the battery

- Once each year it is recommended that the voltage of

each cell in the battery should be read off

-A difference of plus or minus 20 between these

individual voltages and the average voltage may be

observed This is due to the gas- recombination

process

- A check on capacity (independent operation on load)

can be performed once or twice per year

Safety When carrying out any work on the battery the

applicable safety standards should be followed

Note it is recommended that a battery log be

maintained and that records should be kept of the total

voltage measurements any mains failures major battery

discharges (current and time) etc

The main factors causing reduction in the life

expectancy of VISION FM Series cells

- Deep discharges

- Poor regulation on the float voltage

- Cycling or micro

- Cycling- poor quality ( smoothing) of the charging current

- High ambient temperature

100

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15 16

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

Battery

calculations

50KW

10rsquo

P

T

10KW

2h10rsquo

50KW

1h20rsquo

P

T

10KW

A Floating applications

A battery application is characterized by

- A voltage which must be held within certain limits

- A power level which must be delivered

- A set capacity to maintain the load in terms of time

By the use of these three parameters calculations can be

effected as follows

- A situation requires a maximum voltage of 490 volts

a minimum voltage of 378 volts

o- The ambient temperature is 25

- The float voltage is to be 227 volts per cell

Preliminary calculation

The maximum number of cells 490 V 227 V = 216 cells

The minimum voltage per cell at the end of discharge

378 V 216 = 175 volts

Case 1 discharge with a surge at the start of discharge

- The surge power is to be 50 kW for 10 minutes followed by

10 kW for 2 hours

C

Discharge current

During the surge 50000 W378 V = 132 amps

And then 10000 W378 V = 26 amps

Determining the cell required for the current

required

Current flow during surge

(132 A x 10 min) 60 min= 22 Ah

Current flow for 2 hours

26 A x 2 h = 52 Ah

Total capacity drawn 22 Ah + 52 Ah = 74 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 26 amps to supply 74 Ah

7426 = 28hours

From the table of performance characteristics expressed

in terms of the discharge current in amps for 175V end

voltage the cell to give a current of 26 amps for 28

hours is the 6FM100-X

Conclusion In this example it is the total number of Ah

required which determines the battery to be used ie

216 cells36 Batteries of type 6FM100-X

Case 2 discharge with a surge at the end of discharge

(here again it is the surge which dictates the battery to

be used) The continuous power is to be 10 kW for one

hour followed by a surge of 50 kW for 20 minutes

1h

Discharge current

- During the surge 50000 W378 V=132 amps

- Before the surge 10000 W378 V= 26 amps

Capacity drawn in 1 hour 26 A x 1 h = 26 Ah

Capacity drawn during surge (20 min) (132 amps x

20min) 60 min = 435 Ah

Total capacity drawn 695 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 360 amps to supply 26 Ah

(695132) x 60 min=32 min

From the table of performance characteristics

expressed in terms of the discharge current in amps for

175V end voltage the cell to give a current of 132 amps

for 32 minutes is the 6FM150-X

The battery to be used will consist of 216 cells36

Batteries of type 6FM150-X

B) Accidental deep discharge

This may involve discharge of the battery into indicator

lamps a lower load on the battery than that initially

planned a failure of the charging system a discharged

battery not recharged immediately etc

On a full discharged battery

All of the sulphuric acid has been consumed and the

electrolyte is now entirely water

Sulphation of the plates is at a maximum thus

increasing greatly the internal resistance of the battery

The aqueous solution in which the battery now finds

itself can give rise to the development of lead dendrites

on the separator during recharging and this may cause

the cell to short-circuit internally

Important note

This type of deep discharge will still result in the

premature deterioration of the battery and a significant

effect on its life expectancy

C) Effect of temperature on capacity

The following table gives the correction factor according to

otemperature where the reference temperature is 25 C

Duration of

discharge

15min

1 hour

10hour

Battery temperature

o o o o o o o o o o o o-15 C -10 C -5 C 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C

046 052 058 065 071 078 085 093 100 107 115 122

059 064 069 074 080 085 090 095 100 105 109 114

071 075 079 082 086 090 093 097 100 103 106 108

Installation

of the battery Battery storage

17 18

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

U = v x NTotal float Float voltage Number of cellsVoltage for one cell

Warning

- The batteries of the VISION FM Series are already

charged when delivered and are fitted with a protective

cap on each terminal They should be unpacked with care

- Avoid short-circuiting terminals of opposite polarity

because these units are capable of discharging at a very

high current especially if the lid or the container is

damaged

- Acid leakage and unusual appearance must be avoided

before switching on noting open circuit voltage

- There must be appointed man operating for 24 hs after

switching on to solving potential problems in time

noting voltage and current

Unpacking the battery

- Each shipment of VISION FM Series batteries is

accompanied by a packing list

- The packing list should be checked and the Sales

Department should be told immediately of any missing

items

Setting up the battery racks

- The structure should be assembled in accordance with

instructions supplied with the equipment

Racks

- Ensure that the stretchers and cross-members are

correctly interlinked

- Take up any irregularity in floor surface using shims

- Ensure that all frame members are correctly interlinked

- Use the adjustable feet to take up irregularities in the

floor surface

- Metal racks should always be connected to the building

earth in accordance with current regulations

Mounting in a cabinet

Ensure that the cabinet

- Is sufficiently strong to cope with the weight of the

battery- is covered with a layer of insulation

- Is naturally ventilated

Connection of cells

All connections should be insulated

In series

The number of cells in series will determine the total

float of voltage

In parallel

FM batteries of the same Ah rating may be connected in

parallel to give higher current capability This connection in

parallel will be preferably carried out through an

equipotential wiring for an equal current distribution in each

string

There is no technical reason for limiting the number of

strings but for practical installation reasons It is

recommended not allowed to exceed 3 strings in parallel

especially if the battery is used in high discharge rates

(backup time less than 15 mins)

General recommendations

- Do not wear clothing of synthetic material to avoid the

generation of static potentials

- Use insulated tools

- Place the cells beginning with the least accessible rows

spacing the cells as shown on the drawing

- Consult the drawing for the correct position of the battery

poles (positive=red colour negative = Black colour)

- Before attaching the inter-cell flexible cables check that all

terminals are in the correct position

- The battery cells are connected in series which is with a

positive pole connected to a negative pole

- Use only a damp cotton cloth for cleaning purposes

- Tighten the nuts or bolts to the recommended levels of

torque indicated on the product label Always use insulated

tools for fitting and torque up battery connections

Safety

All installations must comply with the current regulations and

norms

Storage conditions

The battery should be stored away from any moisture or

source of heat

Storage times

The self-discharge of VISION FM Series batteries as a

function of temperature is as follows

o 3 per month at 20 C

o 6 per month at 30 C

o 10 per month at 40 C

In order to ensure that the battery can be charged easily

after a long period of storage it is recommended that

batteries should not be stored for more than the following

periods without recharging

o 6 months at 20 C

o 4 months at 30 C

o 2 months at 40 C

Failure to comply with these recommendations may

compromise the life expectancy of the battery

Determining the state of charge of the battery

The state of charge of the battery can be determined by

measuring the off-load voltage after the battery has

been allowed to rest for 24 hours

Recharging stored batteries

The batteries should be recharged at the float charge

ovoltage to suit the temperature 223-228 volts at 25 C

per cell for a minimum period of 96 hours

The battery will be charged when the charging current

has remained constant for a period of 3 hours

of capacity

oat 20 C

216 215 214 213 213

209 209 209 209 209

206 206 206 206 206

202 202 202 202 202

197 197 197 197 197

o o o o o0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C

Voltage per cell at differents temperatures

Commissioning- Ensure that batteries are kept at all times in clean and

dry conditions

- Before commissioning the batteries must be charged

at a constant regulated voltage to match the prevailing

temperature for a minimum period of 48 hours

Maintenance- Check the tightening of connections

- Every month it is recommended that the total voltage

at the battery terminals be measured It should be

oNx223-228V at a temperature of 25 C where N is the

number of cells in the battery

- Once each year it is recommended that the voltage of

each cell in the battery should be read off

-A difference of plus or minus 20 between these

individual voltages and the average voltage may be

observed This is due to the gas- recombination

process

- A check on capacity (independent operation on load)

can be performed once or twice per year

Safety When carrying out any work on the battery the

applicable safety standards should be followed

Note it is recommended that a battery log be

maintained and that records should be kept of the total

voltage measurements any mains failures major battery

discharges (current and time) etc

The main factors causing reduction in the life

expectancy of VISION FM Series cells

- Deep discharges

- Poor regulation on the float voltage

- Cycling or micro

- Cycling- poor quality ( smoothing) of the charging current

- High ambient temperature

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15 16

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

Battery

calculations

50KW

10rsquo

P

T

10KW

2h10rsquo

50KW

1h20rsquo

P

T

10KW

A Floating applications

A battery application is characterized by

- A voltage which must be held within certain limits

- A power level which must be delivered

- A set capacity to maintain the load in terms of time

By the use of these three parameters calculations can be

effected as follows

- A situation requires a maximum voltage of 490 volts

a minimum voltage of 378 volts

o- The ambient temperature is 25

- The float voltage is to be 227 volts per cell

Preliminary calculation

The maximum number of cells 490 V 227 V = 216 cells

The minimum voltage per cell at the end of discharge

378 V 216 = 175 volts

Case 1 discharge with a surge at the start of discharge

- The surge power is to be 50 kW for 10 minutes followed by

10 kW for 2 hours

C

Discharge current

During the surge 50000 W378 V = 132 amps

And then 10000 W378 V = 26 amps

Determining the cell required for the current

required

Current flow during surge

(132 A x 10 min) 60 min= 22 Ah

Current flow for 2 hours

26 A x 2 h = 52 Ah

Total capacity drawn 22 Ah + 52 Ah = 74 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 26 amps to supply 74 Ah

7426 = 28hours

From the table of performance characteristics expressed

in terms of the discharge current in amps for 175V end

voltage the cell to give a current of 26 amps for 28

hours is the 6FM100-X

Conclusion In this example it is the total number of Ah

required which determines the battery to be used ie

216 cells36 Batteries of type 6FM100-X

Case 2 discharge with a surge at the end of discharge

(here again it is the surge which dictates the battery to

be used) The continuous power is to be 10 kW for one

hour followed by a surge of 50 kW for 20 minutes

1h

Discharge current

- During the surge 50000 W378 V=132 amps

- Before the surge 10000 W378 V= 26 amps

Capacity drawn in 1 hour 26 A x 1 h = 26 Ah

Capacity drawn during surge (20 min) (132 amps x

20min) 60 min = 435 Ah

Total capacity drawn 695 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 360 amps to supply 26 Ah

(695132) x 60 min=32 min

From the table of performance characteristics

expressed in terms of the discharge current in amps for

175V end voltage the cell to give a current of 132 amps

for 32 minutes is the 6FM150-X

The battery to be used will consist of 216 cells36

Batteries of type 6FM150-X

B) Accidental deep discharge

This may involve discharge of the battery into indicator

lamps a lower load on the battery than that initially

planned a failure of the charging system a discharged

battery not recharged immediately etc

On a full discharged battery

All of the sulphuric acid has been consumed and the

electrolyte is now entirely water

Sulphation of the plates is at a maximum thus

increasing greatly the internal resistance of the battery

The aqueous solution in which the battery now finds

itself can give rise to the development of lead dendrites

on the separator during recharging and this may cause

the cell to short-circuit internally

Important note

This type of deep discharge will still result in the

premature deterioration of the battery and a significant

effect on its life expectancy

C) Effect of temperature on capacity

The following table gives the correction factor according to

otemperature where the reference temperature is 25 C

Duration of

discharge

15min

1 hour

10hour

Battery temperature

o o o o o o o o o o o o-15 C -10 C -5 C 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C

046 052 058 065 071 078 085 093 100 107 115 122

059 064 069 074 080 085 090 095 100 105 109 114

071 075 079 082 086 090 093 097 100 103 106 108

Installation

of the battery Battery storage

17 18

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

U = v x NTotal float Float voltage Number of cellsVoltage for one cell

Warning

- The batteries of the VISION FM Series are already

charged when delivered and are fitted with a protective

cap on each terminal They should be unpacked with care

- Avoid short-circuiting terminals of opposite polarity

because these units are capable of discharging at a very

high current especially if the lid or the container is

damaged

- Acid leakage and unusual appearance must be avoided

before switching on noting open circuit voltage

- There must be appointed man operating for 24 hs after

switching on to solving potential problems in time

noting voltage and current

Unpacking the battery

- Each shipment of VISION FM Series batteries is

accompanied by a packing list

- The packing list should be checked and the Sales

Department should be told immediately of any missing

items

Setting up the battery racks

- The structure should be assembled in accordance with

instructions supplied with the equipment

Racks

- Ensure that the stretchers and cross-members are

correctly interlinked

- Take up any irregularity in floor surface using shims

- Ensure that all frame members are correctly interlinked

- Use the adjustable feet to take up irregularities in the

floor surface

- Metal racks should always be connected to the building

earth in accordance with current regulations

Mounting in a cabinet

Ensure that the cabinet

- Is sufficiently strong to cope with the weight of the

battery- is covered with a layer of insulation

- Is naturally ventilated

Connection of cells

All connections should be insulated

In series

The number of cells in series will determine the total

float of voltage

In parallel

FM batteries of the same Ah rating may be connected in

parallel to give higher current capability This connection in

parallel will be preferably carried out through an

equipotential wiring for an equal current distribution in each

string

There is no technical reason for limiting the number of

strings but for practical installation reasons It is

recommended not allowed to exceed 3 strings in parallel

especially if the battery is used in high discharge rates

(backup time less than 15 mins)

General recommendations

- Do not wear clothing of synthetic material to avoid the

generation of static potentials

- Use insulated tools

- Place the cells beginning with the least accessible rows

spacing the cells as shown on the drawing

- Consult the drawing for the correct position of the battery

poles (positive=red colour negative = Black colour)

- Before attaching the inter-cell flexible cables check that all

terminals are in the correct position

- The battery cells are connected in series which is with a

positive pole connected to a negative pole

- Use only a damp cotton cloth for cleaning purposes

- Tighten the nuts or bolts to the recommended levels of

torque indicated on the product label Always use insulated

tools for fitting and torque up battery connections

Safety

All installations must comply with the current regulations and

norms

Storage conditions

The battery should be stored away from any moisture or

source of heat

Storage times

The self-discharge of VISION FM Series batteries as a

function of temperature is as follows

o 3 per month at 20 C

o 6 per month at 30 C

o 10 per month at 40 C

In order to ensure that the battery can be charged easily

after a long period of storage it is recommended that

batteries should not be stored for more than the following

periods without recharging

o 6 months at 20 C

o 4 months at 30 C

o 2 months at 40 C

Failure to comply with these recommendations may

compromise the life expectancy of the battery

Determining the state of charge of the battery

The state of charge of the battery can be determined by

measuring the off-load voltage after the battery has

been allowed to rest for 24 hours

Recharging stored batteries

The batteries should be recharged at the float charge

ovoltage to suit the temperature 223-228 volts at 25 C

per cell for a minimum period of 96 hours

The battery will be charged when the charging current

has remained constant for a period of 3 hours

of capacity

oat 20 C

216 215 214 213 213

209 209 209 209 209

206 206 206 206 206

202 202 202 202 202

197 197 197 197 197

o o o o o0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C

Voltage per cell at differents temperatures

Commissioning- Ensure that batteries are kept at all times in clean and

dry conditions

- Before commissioning the batteries must be charged

at a constant regulated voltage to match the prevailing

temperature for a minimum period of 48 hours

Maintenance- Check the tightening of connections

- Every month it is recommended that the total voltage

at the battery terminals be measured It should be

oNx223-228V at a temperature of 25 C where N is the

number of cells in the battery

- Once each year it is recommended that the voltage of

each cell in the battery should be read off

-A difference of plus or minus 20 between these

individual voltages and the average voltage may be

observed This is due to the gas- recombination

process

- A check on capacity (independent operation on load)

can be performed once or twice per year

Safety When carrying out any work on the battery the

applicable safety standards should be followed

Note it is recommended that a battery log be

maintained and that records should be kept of the total

voltage measurements any mains failures major battery

discharges (current and time) etc

The main factors causing reduction in the life

expectancy of VISION FM Series cells

- Deep discharges

- Poor regulation on the float voltage

- Cycling or micro

- Cycling- poor quality ( smoothing) of the charging current

- High ambient temperature

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15 16

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

Battery

calculations

50KW

10rsquo

P

T

10KW

2h10rsquo

50KW

1h20rsquo

P

T

10KW

A Floating applications

A battery application is characterized by

- A voltage which must be held within certain limits

- A power level which must be delivered

- A set capacity to maintain the load in terms of time

By the use of these three parameters calculations can be

effected as follows

- A situation requires a maximum voltage of 490 volts

a minimum voltage of 378 volts

o- The ambient temperature is 25

- The float voltage is to be 227 volts per cell

Preliminary calculation

The maximum number of cells 490 V 227 V = 216 cells

The minimum voltage per cell at the end of discharge

378 V 216 = 175 volts

Case 1 discharge with a surge at the start of discharge

- The surge power is to be 50 kW for 10 minutes followed by

10 kW for 2 hours

C

Discharge current

During the surge 50000 W378 V = 132 amps

And then 10000 W378 V = 26 amps

Determining the cell required for the current

required

Current flow during surge

(132 A x 10 min) 60 min= 22 Ah

Current flow for 2 hours

26 A x 2 h = 52 Ah

Total capacity drawn 22 Ah + 52 Ah = 74 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 26 amps to supply 74 Ah

7426 = 28hours

From the table of performance characteristics expressed

in terms of the discharge current in amps for 175V end

voltage the cell to give a current of 26 amps for 28

hours is the 6FM100-X

Conclusion In this example it is the total number of Ah

required which determines the battery to be used ie

216 cells36 Batteries of type 6FM100-X

Case 2 discharge with a surge at the end of discharge

(here again it is the surge which dictates the battery to

be used) The continuous power is to be 10 kW for one

hour followed by a surge of 50 kW for 20 minutes

1h

Discharge current

- During the surge 50000 W378 V=132 amps

- Before the surge 10000 W378 V= 26 amps

Capacity drawn in 1 hour 26 A x 1 h = 26 Ah

Capacity drawn during surge (20 min) (132 amps x

20min) 60 min = 435 Ah

Total capacity drawn 695 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 360 amps to supply 26 Ah

(695132) x 60 min=32 min

From the table of performance characteristics

expressed in terms of the discharge current in amps for

175V end voltage the cell to give a current of 132 amps

for 32 minutes is the 6FM150-X

The battery to be used will consist of 216 cells36

Batteries of type 6FM150-X

B) Accidental deep discharge

This may involve discharge of the battery into indicator

lamps a lower load on the battery than that initially

planned a failure of the charging system a discharged

battery not recharged immediately etc

On a full discharged battery

All of the sulphuric acid has been consumed and the

electrolyte is now entirely water

Sulphation of the plates is at a maximum thus

increasing greatly the internal resistance of the battery

The aqueous solution in which the battery now finds

itself can give rise to the development of lead dendrites

on the separator during recharging and this may cause

the cell to short-circuit internally

Important note

This type of deep discharge will still result in the

premature deterioration of the battery and a significant

effect on its life expectancy

C) Effect of temperature on capacity

The following table gives the correction factor according to

otemperature where the reference temperature is 25 C

Duration of

discharge

15min

1 hour

10hour

Battery temperature

o o o o o o o o o o o o-15 C -10 C -5 C 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C

046 052 058 065 071 078 085 093 100 107 115 122

059 064 069 074 080 085 090 095 100 105 109 114

071 075 079 082 086 090 093 097 100 103 106 108

Installation

of the battery Battery storage

17 18

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

U = v x NTotal float Float voltage Number of cellsVoltage for one cell

Warning

- The batteries of the VISION FM Series are already

charged when delivered and are fitted with a protective

cap on each terminal They should be unpacked with care

- Avoid short-circuiting terminals of opposite polarity

because these units are capable of discharging at a very

high current especially if the lid or the container is

damaged

- Acid leakage and unusual appearance must be avoided

before switching on noting open circuit voltage

- There must be appointed man operating for 24 hs after

switching on to solving potential problems in time

noting voltage and current

Unpacking the battery

- Each shipment of VISION FM Series batteries is

accompanied by a packing list

- The packing list should be checked and the Sales

Department should be told immediately of any missing

items

Setting up the battery racks

- The structure should be assembled in accordance with

instructions supplied with the equipment

Racks

- Ensure that the stretchers and cross-members are

correctly interlinked

- Take up any irregularity in floor surface using shims

- Ensure that all frame members are correctly interlinked

- Use the adjustable feet to take up irregularities in the

floor surface

- Metal racks should always be connected to the building

earth in accordance with current regulations

Mounting in a cabinet

Ensure that the cabinet

- Is sufficiently strong to cope with the weight of the

battery- is covered with a layer of insulation

- Is naturally ventilated

Connection of cells

All connections should be insulated

In series

The number of cells in series will determine the total

float of voltage

In parallel

FM batteries of the same Ah rating may be connected in

parallel to give higher current capability This connection in

parallel will be preferably carried out through an

equipotential wiring for an equal current distribution in each

string

There is no technical reason for limiting the number of

strings but for practical installation reasons It is

recommended not allowed to exceed 3 strings in parallel

especially if the battery is used in high discharge rates

(backup time less than 15 mins)

General recommendations

- Do not wear clothing of synthetic material to avoid the

generation of static potentials

- Use insulated tools

- Place the cells beginning with the least accessible rows

spacing the cells as shown on the drawing

- Consult the drawing for the correct position of the battery

poles (positive=red colour negative = Black colour)

- Before attaching the inter-cell flexible cables check that all

terminals are in the correct position

- The battery cells are connected in series which is with a

positive pole connected to a negative pole

- Use only a damp cotton cloth for cleaning purposes

- Tighten the nuts or bolts to the recommended levels of

torque indicated on the product label Always use insulated

tools for fitting and torque up battery connections

Safety

All installations must comply with the current regulations and

norms

Storage conditions

The battery should be stored away from any moisture or

source of heat

Storage times

The self-discharge of VISION FM Series batteries as a

function of temperature is as follows

o 3 per month at 20 C

o 6 per month at 30 C

o 10 per month at 40 C

In order to ensure that the battery can be charged easily

after a long period of storage it is recommended that

batteries should not be stored for more than the following

periods without recharging

o 6 months at 20 C

o 4 months at 30 C

o 2 months at 40 C

Failure to comply with these recommendations may

compromise the life expectancy of the battery

Determining the state of charge of the battery

The state of charge of the battery can be determined by

measuring the off-load voltage after the battery has

been allowed to rest for 24 hours

Recharging stored batteries

The batteries should be recharged at the float charge

ovoltage to suit the temperature 223-228 volts at 25 C

per cell for a minimum period of 96 hours

The battery will be charged when the charging current

has remained constant for a period of 3 hours

of capacity

oat 20 C

216 215 214 213 213

209 209 209 209 209

206 206 206 206 206

202 202 202 202 202

197 197 197 197 197

o o o o o0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C

Voltage per cell at differents temperatures

Commissioning- Ensure that batteries are kept at all times in clean and

dry conditions

- Before commissioning the batteries must be charged

at a constant regulated voltage to match the prevailing

temperature for a minimum period of 48 hours

Maintenance- Check the tightening of connections

- Every month it is recommended that the total voltage

at the battery terminals be measured It should be

oNx223-228V at a temperature of 25 C where N is the

number of cells in the battery

- Once each year it is recommended that the voltage of

each cell in the battery should be read off

-A difference of plus or minus 20 between these

individual voltages and the average voltage may be

observed This is due to the gas- recombination

process

- A check on capacity (independent operation on load)

can be performed once or twice per year

Safety When carrying out any work on the battery the

applicable safety standards should be followed

Note it is recommended that a battery log be

maintained and that records should be kept of the total

voltage measurements any mains failures major battery

discharges (current and time) etc

The main factors causing reduction in the life

expectancy of VISION FM Series cells

- Deep discharges

- Poor regulation on the float voltage

- Cycling or micro

- Cycling- poor quality ( smoothing) of the charging current

- High ambient temperature

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765

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541

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286

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173

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764

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267

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221

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188

175

128

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337

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266

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393

354

323

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364

324

294

270

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230

215

157

127

110

980

801

693

584

507

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403

367

312

168

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552

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455

411

378

352

325

302

284

205

166

142

126

100

854

719

622

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494

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385

200

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572

481

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389

352

324

302

278

258

242

176

143

123

110

894

770

656

574

513

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25

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30

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4 0

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15 16

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

Battery

calculations

50KW

10rsquo

P

T

10KW

2h10rsquo

50KW

1h20rsquo

P

T

10KW

A Floating applications

A battery application is characterized by

- A voltage which must be held within certain limits

- A power level which must be delivered

- A set capacity to maintain the load in terms of time

By the use of these three parameters calculations can be

effected as follows

- A situation requires a maximum voltage of 490 volts

a minimum voltage of 378 volts

o- The ambient temperature is 25

- The float voltage is to be 227 volts per cell

Preliminary calculation

The maximum number of cells 490 V 227 V = 216 cells

The minimum voltage per cell at the end of discharge

378 V 216 = 175 volts

Case 1 discharge with a surge at the start of discharge

- The surge power is to be 50 kW for 10 minutes followed by

10 kW for 2 hours

C

Discharge current

During the surge 50000 W378 V = 132 amps

And then 10000 W378 V = 26 amps

Determining the cell required for the current

required

Current flow during surge

(132 A x 10 min) 60 min= 22 Ah

Current flow for 2 hours

26 A x 2 h = 52 Ah

Total capacity drawn 22 Ah + 52 Ah = 74 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 26 amps to supply 74 Ah

7426 = 28hours

From the table of performance characteristics expressed

in terms of the discharge current in amps for 175V end

voltage the cell to give a current of 26 amps for 28

hours is the 6FM100-X

Conclusion In this example it is the total number of Ah

required which determines the battery to be used ie

216 cells36 Batteries of type 6FM100-X

Case 2 discharge with a surge at the end of discharge

(here again it is the surge which dictates the battery to

be used) The continuous power is to be 10 kW for one

hour followed by a surge of 50 kW for 20 minutes

1h

Discharge current

- During the surge 50000 W378 V=132 amps

- Before the surge 10000 W378 V= 26 amps

Capacity drawn in 1 hour 26 A x 1 h = 26 Ah

Capacity drawn during surge (20 min) (132 amps x

20min) 60 min = 435 Ah

Total capacity drawn 695 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 360 amps to supply 26 Ah

(695132) x 60 min=32 min

From the table of performance characteristics

expressed in terms of the discharge current in amps for

175V end voltage the cell to give a current of 132 amps

for 32 minutes is the 6FM150-X

The battery to be used will consist of 216 cells36

Batteries of type 6FM150-X

B) Accidental deep discharge

This may involve discharge of the battery into indicator

lamps a lower load on the battery than that initially

planned a failure of the charging system a discharged

battery not recharged immediately etc

On a full discharged battery

All of the sulphuric acid has been consumed and the

electrolyte is now entirely water

Sulphation of the plates is at a maximum thus

increasing greatly the internal resistance of the battery

The aqueous solution in which the battery now finds

itself can give rise to the development of lead dendrites

on the separator during recharging and this may cause

the cell to short-circuit internally

Important note

This type of deep discharge will still result in the

premature deterioration of the battery and a significant

effect on its life expectancy

C) Effect of temperature on capacity

The following table gives the correction factor according to

otemperature where the reference temperature is 25 C

Duration of

discharge

15min

1 hour

10hour

Battery temperature

o o o o o o o o o o o o-15 C -10 C -5 C 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C

046 052 058 065 071 078 085 093 100 107 115 122

059 064 069 074 080 085 090 095 100 105 109 114

071 075 079 082 086 090 093 097 100 103 106 108

Installation

of the battery Battery storage

17 18

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

U = v x NTotal float Float voltage Number of cellsVoltage for one cell

Warning

- The batteries of the VISION FM Series are already

charged when delivered and are fitted with a protective

cap on each terminal They should be unpacked with care

- Avoid short-circuiting terminals of opposite polarity

because these units are capable of discharging at a very

high current especially if the lid or the container is

damaged

- Acid leakage and unusual appearance must be avoided

before switching on noting open circuit voltage

- There must be appointed man operating for 24 hs after

switching on to solving potential problems in time

noting voltage and current

Unpacking the battery

- Each shipment of VISION FM Series batteries is

accompanied by a packing list

- The packing list should be checked and the Sales

Department should be told immediately of any missing

items

Setting up the battery racks

- The structure should be assembled in accordance with

instructions supplied with the equipment

Racks

- Ensure that the stretchers and cross-members are

correctly interlinked

- Take up any irregularity in floor surface using shims

- Ensure that all frame members are correctly interlinked

- Use the adjustable feet to take up irregularities in the

floor surface

- Metal racks should always be connected to the building

earth in accordance with current regulations

Mounting in a cabinet

Ensure that the cabinet

- Is sufficiently strong to cope with the weight of the

battery- is covered with a layer of insulation

- Is naturally ventilated

Connection of cells

All connections should be insulated

In series

The number of cells in series will determine the total

float of voltage

In parallel

FM batteries of the same Ah rating may be connected in

parallel to give higher current capability This connection in

parallel will be preferably carried out through an

equipotential wiring for an equal current distribution in each

string

There is no technical reason for limiting the number of

strings but for practical installation reasons It is

recommended not allowed to exceed 3 strings in parallel

especially if the battery is used in high discharge rates

(backup time less than 15 mins)

General recommendations

- Do not wear clothing of synthetic material to avoid the

generation of static potentials

- Use insulated tools

- Place the cells beginning with the least accessible rows

spacing the cells as shown on the drawing

- Consult the drawing for the correct position of the battery

poles (positive=red colour negative = Black colour)

- Before attaching the inter-cell flexible cables check that all

terminals are in the correct position

- The battery cells are connected in series which is with a

positive pole connected to a negative pole

- Use only a damp cotton cloth for cleaning purposes

- Tighten the nuts or bolts to the recommended levels of

torque indicated on the product label Always use insulated

tools for fitting and torque up battery connections

Safety

All installations must comply with the current regulations and

norms

Storage conditions

The battery should be stored away from any moisture or

source of heat

Storage times

The self-discharge of VISION FM Series batteries as a

function of temperature is as follows

o 3 per month at 20 C

o 6 per month at 30 C

o 10 per month at 40 C

In order to ensure that the battery can be charged easily

after a long period of storage it is recommended that

batteries should not be stored for more than the following

periods without recharging

o 6 months at 20 C

o 4 months at 30 C

o 2 months at 40 C

Failure to comply with these recommendations may

compromise the life expectancy of the battery

Determining the state of charge of the battery

The state of charge of the battery can be determined by

measuring the off-load voltage after the battery has

been allowed to rest for 24 hours

Recharging stored batteries

The batteries should be recharged at the float charge

ovoltage to suit the temperature 223-228 volts at 25 C

per cell for a minimum period of 96 hours

The battery will be charged when the charging current

has remained constant for a period of 3 hours

of capacity

oat 20 C

216 215 214 213 213

209 209 209 209 209

206 206 206 206 206

202 202 202 202 202

197 197 197 197 197

o o o o o0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C

Voltage per cell at differents temperatures

Commissioning- Ensure that batteries are kept at all times in clean and

dry conditions

- Before commissioning the batteries must be charged

at a constant regulated voltage to match the prevailing

temperature for a minimum period of 48 hours

Maintenance- Check the tightening of connections

- Every month it is recommended that the total voltage

at the battery terminals be measured It should be

oNx223-228V at a temperature of 25 C where N is the

number of cells in the battery

- Once each year it is recommended that the voltage of

each cell in the battery should be read off

-A difference of plus or minus 20 between these

individual voltages and the average voltage may be

observed This is due to the gas- recombination

process

- A check on capacity (independent operation on load)

can be performed once or twice per year

Safety When carrying out any work on the battery the

applicable safety standards should be followed

Note it is recommended that a battery log be

maintained and that records should be kept of the total

voltage measurements any mains failures major battery

discharges (current and time) etc

The main factors causing reduction in the life

expectancy of VISION FM Series cells

- Deep discharges

- Poor regulation on the float voltage

- Cycling or micro

- Cycling- poor quality ( smoothing) of the charging current

- High ambient temperature

100

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358

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498

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337

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554

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364

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693

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352

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719

622

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572

481

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176

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770

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es

15 16

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

Battery

calculations

50KW

10rsquo

P

T

10KW

2h10rsquo

50KW

1h20rsquo

P

T

10KW

A Floating applications

A battery application is characterized by

- A voltage which must be held within certain limits

- A power level which must be delivered

- A set capacity to maintain the load in terms of time

By the use of these three parameters calculations can be

effected as follows

- A situation requires a maximum voltage of 490 volts

a minimum voltage of 378 volts

o- The ambient temperature is 25

- The float voltage is to be 227 volts per cell

Preliminary calculation

The maximum number of cells 490 V 227 V = 216 cells

The minimum voltage per cell at the end of discharge

378 V 216 = 175 volts

Case 1 discharge with a surge at the start of discharge

- The surge power is to be 50 kW for 10 minutes followed by

10 kW for 2 hours

C

Discharge current

During the surge 50000 W378 V = 132 amps

And then 10000 W378 V = 26 amps

Determining the cell required for the current

required

Current flow during surge

(132 A x 10 min) 60 min= 22 Ah

Current flow for 2 hours

26 A x 2 h = 52 Ah

Total capacity drawn 22 Ah + 52 Ah = 74 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 26 amps to supply 74 Ah

7426 = 28hours

From the table of performance characteristics expressed

in terms of the discharge current in amps for 175V end

voltage the cell to give a current of 26 amps for 28

hours is the 6FM100-X

Conclusion In this example it is the total number of Ah

required which determines the battery to be used ie

216 cells36 Batteries of type 6FM100-X

Case 2 discharge with a surge at the end of discharge

(here again it is the surge which dictates the battery to

be used) The continuous power is to be 10 kW for one

hour followed by a surge of 50 kW for 20 minutes

1h

Discharge current

- During the surge 50000 W378 V=132 amps

- Before the surge 10000 W378 V= 26 amps

Capacity drawn in 1 hour 26 A x 1 h = 26 Ah

Capacity drawn during surge (20 min) (132 amps x

20min) 60 min = 435 Ah

Total capacity drawn 695 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 360 amps to supply 26 Ah

(695132) x 60 min=32 min

From the table of performance characteristics

expressed in terms of the discharge current in amps for

175V end voltage the cell to give a current of 132 amps

for 32 minutes is the 6FM150-X

The battery to be used will consist of 216 cells36

Batteries of type 6FM150-X

B) Accidental deep discharge

This may involve discharge of the battery into indicator

lamps a lower load on the battery than that initially

planned a failure of the charging system a discharged

battery not recharged immediately etc

On a full discharged battery

All of the sulphuric acid has been consumed and the

electrolyte is now entirely water

Sulphation of the plates is at a maximum thus

increasing greatly the internal resistance of the battery

The aqueous solution in which the battery now finds

itself can give rise to the development of lead dendrites

on the separator during recharging and this may cause

the cell to short-circuit internally

Important note

This type of deep discharge will still result in the

premature deterioration of the battery and a significant

effect on its life expectancy

C) Effect of temperature on capacity

The following table gives the correction factor according to

otemperature where the reference temperature is 25 C

Duration of

discharge

15min

1 hour

10hour

Battery temperature

o o o o o o o o o o o o-15 C -10 C -5 C 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C

046 052 058 065 071 078 085 093 100 107 115 122

059 064 069 074 080 085 090 095 100 105 109 114

071 075 079 082 086 090 093 097 100 103 106 108

Installation

of the battery Battery storage

17 18

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

U = v x NTotal float Float voltage Number of cellsVoltage for one cell

Warning

- The batteries of the VISION FM Series are already

charged when delivered and are fitted with a protective

cap on each terminal They should be unpacked with care

- Avoid short-circuiting terminals of opposite polarity

because these units are capable of discharging at a very

high current especially if the lid or the container is

damaged

- Acid leakage and unusual appearance must be avoided

before switching on noting open circuit voltage

- There must be appointed man operating for 24 hs after

switching on to solving potential problems in time

noting voltage and current

Unpacking the battery

- Each shipment of VISION FM Series batteries is

accompanied by a packing list

- The packing list should be checked and the Sales

Department should be told immediately of any missing

items

Setting up the battery racks

- The structure should be assembled in accordance with

instructions supplied with the equipment

Racks

- Ensure that the stretchers and cross-members are

correctly interlinked

- Take up any irregularity in floor surface using shims

- Ensure that all frame members are correctly interlinked

- Use the adjustable feet to take up irregularities in the

floor surface

- Metal racks should always be connected to the building

earth in accordance with current regulations

Mounting in a cabinet

Ensure that the cabinet

- Is sufficiently strong to cope with the weight of the

battery- is covered with a layer of insulation

- Is naturally ventilated

Connection of cells

All connections should be insulated

In series

The number of cells in series will determine the total

float of voltage

In parallel

FM batteries of the same Ah rating may be connected in

parallel to give higher current capability This connection in

parallel will be preferably carried out through an

equipotential wiring for an equal current distribution in each

string

There is no technical reason for limiting the number of

strings but for practical installation reasons It is

recommended not allowed to exceed 3 strings in parallel

especially if the battery is used in high discharge rates

(backup time less than 15 mins)

General recommendations

- Do not wear clothing of synthetic material to avoid the

generation of static potentials

- Use insulated tools

- Place the cells beginning with the least accessible rows

spacing the cells as shown on the drawing

- Consult the drawing for the correct position of the battery

poles (positive=red colour negative = Black colour)

- Before attaching the inter-cell flexible cables check that all

terminals are in the correct position

- The battery cells are connected in series which is with a

positive pole connected to a negative pole

- Use only a damp cotton cloth for cleaning purposes

- Tighten the nuts or bolts to the recommended levels of

torque indicated on the product label Always use insulated

tools for fitting and torque up battery connections

Safety

All installations must comply with the current regulations and

norms

Storage conditions

The battery should be stored away from any moisture or

source of heat

Storage times

The self-discharge of VISION FM Series batteries as a

function of temperature is as follows

o 3 per month at 20 C

o 6 per month at 30 C

o 10 per month at 40 C

In order to ensure that the battery can be charged easily

after a long period of storage it is recommended that

batteries should not be stored for more than the following

periods without recharging

o 6 months at 20 C

o 4 months at 30 C

o 2 months at 40 C

Failure to comply with these recommendations may

compromise the life expectancy of the battery

Determining the state of charge of the battery

The state of charge of the battery can be determined by

measuring the off-load voltage after the battery has

been allowed to rest for 24 hours

Recharging stored batteries

The batteries should be recharged at the float charge

ovoltage to suit the temperature 223-228 volts at 25 C

per cell for a minimum period of 96 hours

The battery will be charged when the charging current

has remained constant for a period of 3 hours

of capacity

oat 20 C

216 215 214 213 213

209 209 209 209 209

206 206 206 206 206

202 202 202 202 202

197 197 197 197 197

o o o o o0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C

Voltage per cell at differents temperatures

Commissioning- Ensure that batteries are kept at all times in clean and

dry conditions

- Before commissioning the batteries must be charged

at a constant regulated voltage to match the prevailing

temperature for a minimum period of 48 hours

Maintenance- Check the tightening of connections

- Every month it is recommended that the total voltage

at the battery terminals be measured It should be

oNx223-228V at a temperature of 25 C where N is the

number of cells in the battery

- Once each year it is recommended that the voltage of

each cell in the battery should be read off

-A difference of plus or minus 20 between these

individual voltages and the average voltage may be

observed This is due to the gas- recombination

process

- A check on capacity (independent operation on load)

can be performed once or twice per year

Safety When carrying out any work on the battery the

applicable safety standards should be followed

Note it is recommended that a battery log be

maintained and that records should be kept of the total

voltage measurements any mains failures major battery

discharges (current and time) etc

The main factors causing reduction in the life

expectancy of VISION FM Series cells

- Deep discharges

- Poor regulation on the float voltage

- Cycling or micro

- Cycling- poor quality ( smoothing) of the charging current

- High ambient temperature

100

80

60

40

20

15 16

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

Battery

calculations

50KW

10rsquo

P

T

10KW

2h10rsquo

50KW

1h20rsquo

P

T

10KW

A Floating applications

A battery application is characterized by

- A voltage which must be held within certain limits

- A power level which must be delivered

- A set capacity to maintain the load in terms of time

By the use of these three parameters calculations can be

effected as follows

- A situation requires a maximum voltage of 490 volts

a minimum voltage of 378 volts

o- The ambient temperature is 25

- The float voltage is to be 227 volts per cell

Preliminary calculation

The maximum number of cells 490 V 227 V = 216 cells

The minimum voltage per cell at the end of discharge

378 V 216 = 175 volts

Case 1 discharge with a surge at the start of discharge

- The surge power is to be 50 kW for 10 minutes followed by

10 kW for 2 hours

C

Discharge current

During the surge 50000 W378 V = 132 amps

And then 10000 W378 V = 26 amps

Determining the cell required for the current

required

Current flow during surge

(132 A x 10 min) 60 min= 22 Ah

Current flow for 2 hours

26 A x 2 h = 52 Ah

Total capacity drawn 22 Ah + 52 Ah = 74 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 26 amps to supply 74 Ah

7426 = 28hours

From the table of performance characteristics expressed

in terms of the discharge current in amps for 175V end

voltage the cell to give a current of 26 amps for 28

hours is the 6FM100-X

Conclusion In this example it is the total number of Ah

required which determines the battery to be used ie

216 cells36 Batteries of type 6FM100-X

Case 2 discharge with a surge at the end of discharge

(here again it is the surge which dictates the battery to

be used) The continuous power is to be 10 kW for one

hour followed by a surge of 50 kW for 20 minutes

1h

Discharge current

- During the surge 50000 W378 V=132 amps

- Before the surge 10000 W378 V= 26 amps

Capacity drawn in 1 hour 26 A x 1 h = 26 Ah

Capacity drawn during surge (20 min) (132 amps x

20min) 60 min = 435 Ah

Total capacity drawn 695 Ah

Equivalent discharge time at 360 amps to supply 26 Ah

(695132) x 60 min=32 min

From the table of performance characteristics

expressed in terms of the discharge current in amps for

175V end voltage the cell to give a current of 132 amps

for 32 minutes is the 6FM150-X

The battery to be used will consist of 216 cells36

Batteries of type 6FM150-X

B) Accidental deep discharge

This may involve discharge of the battery into indicator

lamps a lower load on the battery than that initially

planned a failure of the charging system a discharged

battery not recharged immediately etc

On a full discharged battery

All of the sulphuric acid has been consumed and the

electrolyte is now entirely water

Sulphation of the plates is at a maximum thus

increasing greatly the internal resistance of the battery

The aqueous solution in which the battery now finds

itself can give rise to the development of lead dendrites

on the separator during recharging and this may cause

the cell to short-circuit internally

Important note

This type of deep discharge will still result in the

premature deterioration of the battery and a significant

effect on its life expectancy

C) Effect of temperature on capacity

The following table gives the correction factor according to

otemperature where the reference temperature is 25 C

Duration of

discharge

15min

1 hour

10hour

Battery temperature

o o o o o o o o o o o o-15 C -10 C -5 C 0 C 5 C 10 C 15 C 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C

046 052 058 065 071 078 085 093 100 107 115 122

059 064 069 074 080 085 090 095 100 105 109 114

071 075 079 082 086 090 093 097 100 103 106 108

Installation

of the battery Battery storage

17 18

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

U = v x NTotal float Float voltage Number of cellsVoltage for one cell

Warning

- The batteries of the VISION FM Series are already

charged when delivered and are fitted with a protective

cap on each terminal They should be unpacked with care

- Avoid short-circuiting terminals of opposite polarity

because these units are capable of discharging at a very

high current especially if the lid or the container is

damaged

- Acid leakage and unusual appearance must be avoided

before switching on noting open circuit voltage

- There must be appointed man operating for 24 hs after

switching on to solving potential problems in time

noting voltage and current

Unpacking the battery

- Each shipment of VISION FM Series batteries is

accompanied by a packing list

- The packing list should be checked and the Sales

Department should be told immediately of any missing

items

Setting up the battery racks

- The structure should be assembled in accordance with

instructions supplied with the equipment

Racks

- Ensure that the stretchers and cross-members are

correctly interlinked

- Take up any irregularity in floor surface using shims

- Ensure that all frame members are correctly interlinked

- Use the adjustable feet to take up irregularities in the

floor surface

- Metal racks should always be connected to the building

earth in accordance with current regulations

Mounting in a cabinet

Ensure that the cabinet

- Is sufficiently strong to cope with the weight of the

battery- is covered with a layer of insulation

- Is naturally ventilated

Connection of cells

All connections should be insulated

In series

The number of cells in series will determine the total

float of voltage

In parallel

FM batteries of the same Ah rating may be connected in

parallel to give higher current capability This connection in

parallel will be preferably carried out through an

equipotential wiring for an equal current distribution in each

string

There is no technical reason for limiting the number of

strings but for practical installation reasons It is

recommended not allowed to exceed 3 strings in parallel

especially if the battery is used in high discharge rates

(backup time less than 15 mins)

General recommendations

- Do not wear clothing of synthetic material to avoid the

generation of static potentials

- Use insulated tools

- Place the cells beginning with the least accessible rows

spacing the cells as shown on the drawing

- Consult the drawing for the correct position of the battery

poles (positive=red colour negative = Black colour)

- Before attaching the inter-cell flexible cables check that all

terminals are in the correct position

- The battery cells are connected in series which is with a

positive pole connected to a negative pole

- Use only a damp cotton cloth for cleaning purposes

- Tighten the nuts or bolts to the recommended levels of

torque indicated on the product label Always use insulated

tools for fitting and torque up battery connections

Safety

All installations must comply with the current regulations and

norms

Storage conditions

The battery should be stored away from any moisture or

source of heat

Storage times

The self-discharge of VISION FM Series batteries as a

function of temperature is as follows

o 3 per month at 20 C

o 6 per month at 30 C

o 10 per month at 40 C

In order to ensure that the battery can be charged easily

after a long period of storage it is recommended that

batteries should not be stored for more than the following

periods without recharging

o 6 months at 20 C

o 4 months at 30 C

o 2 months at 40 C

Failure to comply with these recommendations may

compromise the life expectancy of the battery

Determining the state of charge of the battery

The state of charge of the battery can be determined by

measuring the off-load voltage after the battery has

been allowed to rest for 24 hours

Recharging stored batteries

The batteries should be recharged at the float charge

ovoltage to suit the temperature 223-228 volts at 25 C

per cell for a minimum period of 96 hours

The battery will be charged when the charging current

has remained constant for a period of 3 hours

of capacity

oat 20 C

216 215 214 213 213

209 209 209 209 209

206 206 206 206 206

202 202 202 202 202

197 197 197 197 197

o o o o o0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C

Voltage per cell at differents temperatures

Commissioning- Ensure that batteries are kept at all times in clean and

dry conditions

- Before commissioning the batteries must be charged

at a constant regulated voltage to match the prevailing

temperature for a minimum period of 48 hours

Maintenance- Check the tightening of connections

- Every month it is recommended that the total voltage

at the battery terminals be measured It should be

oNx223-228V at a temperature of 25 C where N is the

number of cells in the battery

- Once each year it is recommended that the voltage of

each cell in the battery should be read off

-A difference of plus or minus 20 between these

individual voltages and the average voltage may be

observed This is due to the gas- recombination

process

- A check on capacity (independent operation on load)

can be performed once or twice per year

Safety When carrying out any work on the battery the

applicable safety standards should be followed

Note it is recommended that a battery log be

maintained and that records should be kept of the total

voltage measurements any mains failures major battery

discharges (current and time) etc

The main factors causing reduction in the life

expectancy of VISION FM Series cells

- Deep discharges

- Poor regulation on the float voltage

- Cycling or micro

- Cycling- poor quality ( smoothing) of the charging current

- High ambient temperature

100

80

60

40

20

Installation

of the battery Battery storage

17 18

FM General Purpose Applications

Series

wwwvision-battcom

VISION Rechargeable Products

Sealed Lead Acid Battery

U = v x NTotal float Float voltage Number of cellsVoltage for one cell

Warning

- The batteries of the VISION FM Series are already

charged when delivered and are fitted with a protective

cap on each terminal They should be unpacked with care

- Avoid short-circuiting terminals of opposite polarity

because these units are capable of discharging at a very

high current especially if the lid or the container is

damaged

- Acid leakage and unusual appearance must be avoided

before switching on noting open circuit voltage

- There must be appointed man operating for 24 hs after

switching on to solving potential problems in time

noting voltage and current

Unpacking the battery

- Each shipment of VISION FM Series batteries is

accompanied by a packing list

- The packing list should be checked and the Sales

Department should be told immediately of any missing

items

Setting up the battery racks

- The structure should be assembled in accordance with

instructions supplied with the equipment

Racks

- Ensure that the stretchers and cross-members are

correctly interlinked

- Take up any irregularity in floor surface using shims

- Ensure that all frame members are correctly interlinked

- Use the adjustable feet to take up irregularities in the

floor surface

- Metal racks should always be connected to the building

earth in accordance with current regulations

Mounting in a cabinet

Ensure that the cabinet

- Is sufficiently strong to cope with the weight of the

battery- is covered with a layer of insulation

- Is naturally ventilated

Connection of cells

All connections should be insulated

In series

The number of cells in series will determine the total

float of voltage

In parallel

FM batteries of the same Ah rating may be connected in

parallel to give higher current capability This connection in

parallel will be preferably carried out through an

equipotential wiring for an equal current distribution in each

string

There is no technical reason for limiting the number of

strings but for practical installation reasons It is

recommended not allowed to exceed 3 strings in parallel

especially if the battery is used in high discharge rates

(backup time less than 15 mins)

General recommendations

- Do not wear clothing of synthetic material to avoid the

generation of static potentials

- Use insulated tools

- Place the cells beginning with the least accessible rows

spacing the cells as shown on the drawing

- Consult the drawing for the correct position of the battery

poles (positive=red colour negative = Black colour)

- Before attaching the inter-cell flexible cables check that all

terminals are in the correct position

- The battery cells are connected in series which is with a

positive pole connected to a negative pole

- Use only a damp cotton cloth for cleaning purposes

- Tighten the nuts or bolts to the recommended levels of

torque indicated on the product label Always use insulated

tools for fitting and torque up battery connections

Safety

All installations must comply with the current regulations and

norms

Storage conditions

The battery should be stored away from any moisture or

source of heat

Storage times

The self-discharge of VISION FM Series batteries as a

function of temperature is as follows

o 3 per month at 20 C

o 6 per month at 30 C

o 10 per month at 40 C

In order to ensure that the battery can be charged easily

after a long period of storage it is recommended that

batteries should not be stored for more than the following

periods without recharging

o 6 months at 20 C

o 4 months at 30 C

o 2 months at 40 C

Failure to comply with these recommendations may

compromise the life expectancy of the battery

Determining the state of charge of the battery

The state of charge of the battery can be determined by

measuring the off-load voltage after the battery has

been allowed to rest for 24 hours

Recharging stored batteries

The batteries should be recharged at the float charge

ovoltage to suit the temperature 223-228 volts at 25 C

per cell for a minimum period of 96 hours

The battery will be charged when the charging current

has remained constant for a period of 3 hours

of capacity

oat 20 C

216 215 214 213 213

209 209 209 209 209

206 206 206 206 206

202 202 202 202 202

197 197 197 197 197

o o o o o0 C 10 C 20 C 30 C 40 C

Voltage per cell at differents temperatures

Commissioning- Ensure that batteries are kept at all times in clean and

dry conditions

- Before commissioning the batteries must be charged

at a constant regulated voltage to match the prevailing

temperature for a minimum period of 48 hours

Maintenance- Check the tightening of connections

- Every month it is recommended that the total voltage

at the battery terminals be measured It should be

oNx223-228V at a temperature of 25 C where N is the

number of cells in the battery

- Once each year it is recommended that the voltage of

each cell in the battery should be read off

-A difference of plus or minus 20 between these

individual voltages and the average voltage may be

observed This is due to the gas- recombination

process

- A check on capacity (independent operation on load)

can be performed once or twice per year

Safety When carrying out any work on the battery the

applicable safety standards should be followed

Note it is recommended that a battery log be

maintained and that records should be kept of the total

voltage measurements any mains failures major battery

discharges (current and time) etc

The main factors causing reduction in the life

expectancy of VISION FM Series cells

- Deep discharges

- Poor regulation on the float voltage

- Cycling or micro

- Cycling- poor quality ( smoothing) of the charging current

- High ambient temperature

100

80

60

40

20