FMD Global Update 2003-2004 Jean-François Valarcher, Nick Knowles, Rosa Fernandez, Paul Davies, Rebecca Midgley, Geoff Hutchings, Brenda Newman, Bob Statham,

FMD Global Update2003-2004

Jean-François Valarcher, Nick Knowles, Rosa Fernandez, Paul Davies, Rebecca Midgley,

Geoff Hutchings, Brenda Newman, Bob Statham, Nigel Ferris and David Paton

IAH

FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD

Crete, October 2004

September 2004

Conjectured Status of FMD 2004

September 2004

Intermediate, sporadic

Endemic

Free

Free. Virus present in game parks

Free with vaccination

FAO World Reference LaboratoryWRL


FMD outbreak(s) reported in 2003

FMD outbreak(s) reported in 2004

FMD outbreaks reported in 2003 and 2004

FMD outbreaks reported to OIE

between 2003 - September 2004

62 countries

ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilColombiaEcuadorParaguayPeruVenezuela

Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea,Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya,Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Turkey Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Israel, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, LebanonOman, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, UAE, Yemen

CambodiaHong KongLao PDRMalaysiaMyanmar ThailandPhilippines Vietnam

Afghanistan, Bangladesh,Bhutan, India,Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka

30 September 2004


FMDV serotype O reported in 2004

FMDV serotype O reported in 2003

FMDV serotype O reported in 2003 and 200423 SEPTEMBER 2004

Distribution of FMDV serotype O

(OIE Handistatus II / WRL FMD)


44 Countries

ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilEcuadorParaguayPeruVenezuela

Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Ghana, Kenya, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan,Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia

Bahrain, Iran, Israel, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia,Turkey, UAE Afghanistan,

Bhutan, India, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka

Hong KongLao PDRMalaysiaMyanmar ThailandPhilippines Vietnam


FMD serotype O collected in 2004

FMD serotype O collected in 2003

FMD serotype O collected in 2003 and 200423 SEPTEMBER 2004

Countries that have submitted FMDV serotype O

to the FAO World Reference Laboratory


21 Countries

Burundi, Rwanda, Sudan,Uganda

Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia,Turkey, UAE

Afghanistan,Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan

Hong KongLao PDRMalaysiaThailandPhilippinesVietnam


FMDV serotype A reported in 2004

FMDV serotype A reported in 2003

FMDV serotype A reported in 2003 and 200423 SEPTEMBER 2004

ColombiaParaguayVenezuela

Cameroon,Chad, Kenya,Nigeria

Iran, Tajikistan,Turkey Bhutan,

India,Nepal, Pakistan

Lao PDRMalaysiaThailand

Distribution of FMDV serotype A

(OIE Handistatus II / WRL FMD)


17 countries

Countries that have submitted FMDV serotype A




FMDV serotype A collected in 2004

FMDV serotype A collected in 2003

FMDV serotype A collected in 2003 and 200420 SEPTEMBER 2004

7 countries

Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan

Iran, Turkey

MalaysiaThailand


FMDV serotype C reported in 2004

FMDV serotype C reported in 2003

20 SEPTEMBER 2004

BrazilChad, Kenya

Pakistan and Ethiopia?

Distribution of FMDV type C

(OIE Handistatus II)


3 countries

Distribution of FMD serotype Asia 1

(OIE Handistatus)



23 SEPTEMBER 2004

FMDV serotype Asia 1 reported in 2004

FMDV serotype Asia 1 reported in 2003

FMDV serotype Asia 1 reported in 2003 and 2004

4 countries

IndiaIranNepal Pakistan

Countries that have submitted FMD serotype Asia 1 to the FAO World Reference Laboratory



FMDV serotype Asia 1 collected in 2004

FMDV serotype Asia 1 collected in 2003

FMDV serotype Asia1 collected in 2003and 200417 SEPTEMBER 2004

1 country

Pakistan

FAO World Reference Laboratory

FMDV serotype SAT 1 reported in 2004


FMDV serotype SAT 1 reported in 2003 and 2004

WRL

27 SEPTEMBER 2004

Distribution of FMDV serotype SAT 1



11 countries

BeninBotswanaCameroonChadKenya,MozambiqueNigerNigeriaTanzaniaZambiaZimbabwe


27 SEPTEMBER 2004

Countries that have submitted FMDV type SAT1 or serum



FMDV serotype SAT 1 collected in 2004


FMDV serotype SAT 1 collected in 2003 and 2004

FMDV serotype SAT 1 antibodies were detected in 2003

2 Countries

BotswanaZimbabwe


27 SEPTEMBER 2004

Benin, Cameroon,Chad, Kenya,Libya, MalawiMozambique,Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe




16 countries





27 SEPTEMBER 2004

Countries that have submitted FMD serotype SAT 2 to the FAO World Reference Laboratory


4 countries



FMDV serotype SAT 2 collected in 2003 and 2004

Libya, MalawiRwanda, Zimbabwe


27 SEPTEMBER 2004


(OIE /Handistatus II)


BeninCameroonChadTanzaniaZambia

5 countries




FMD samples received at FAO WRL FMD in 2003

FMDV: Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus

(a): swine vesicular disease virus(b):no foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease or vesicular stomatitis virus(c): Not tested

*two samples from Pakistan contained a mixture of foot-and-mouth disease virus types O and virus type A**positive by RT-PCR for SVDV but not FMDV genomeUAE: United Arab Emirates

The following samples were additionally received by the OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory for Foot and Mouth Disease in 2003 :

Country Sample No. ofyear samples SVDV NVD Pos Neg NT

O A C SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3 Asia 1 (a) (b) Pos Neg (c)BHUTAN 2002 16 2 1 - - - - - - 13 7 9 -IRAN 2002 4 - 2 - - - - - - 2 2 1 1ISRAEL (PAT) 2002 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - -ITALY 2001 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1

2002 37 - - - - - - - 37 - - - 37LEBANON 2002 2 2 - - - - - - - - 2 - -PAKISTAN 2002 23 5 5 - - - - 6 - 7 16 4 3TURKEY 2002 10 4 3 - - - - - - 3 8 2 -VIETNAM 2002 7 7 - - - - - - - - 7 - -TOTAL 101 21 11 - - - - 6 38 25 43 16 42

FMDV serotypesELISA/Virus isolation in cell culture RT-PCR for FMDV

Country No. ofsamples SVDV NVD Pos Neg NT

O A C SAT 1 SAT 2 SAT 3 Asia 1 (a) (b) ©AFGHANISTAN 57 8 - - - - - - - 49 16 41 -BHUTAN 46 7 7 - - - - - - 32 35 11 -BOTSWANA 20 - - - - - - - - 20 - 18 2BURUNDI 7 5 - - - - - - - 2 5 2 -CHINA (HONG KONG) 7 3 - - - - - - - 4 7 - -IRAN 41 21 9 - - - - - - 11 31 10 -ITALY 10 - - - - - - - 10 - 10** - -LAOS PDR 35 33 - - - - - - - 2 35 - -LEBANON 2 2 - - - - - - - - 2 - -LIBYA 10 - - - - 2 - - - 8 1 9 -NEPAL 6 5 - - - - - - - 1 5 1 -PAKISTAN 81* 29 8 - - - - 4 - 42 56 25 -PHILIPPINES 23 9 - - - - - - - 14 23 - -PORTUGAL 2 - - - - - - - 2 - 2** - -THAILAND 13 3 10 - - - - - - - 13 - -TURKEY 10 4 3 - - - - - - 3 9 1 -UAE 3 3 - - - - - - - - 3 - -VIETNAM 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - -TOTAL 374 133 37 - - 2 - 4 12 188 254 118 2

ELISA/Virus isolation in cell culture RT-PCR for FMDVFMDV serotypes

New

RT-PCR

in real time

Samples or FMD isolates received at FAO WRL at Pirbright between January and 30th of September 2004

* Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NFFMD foot-and-mouth diseaseSVD swine vesicular diseaseNVD no FMD, SVD or vesicular stomatitis virus detectedRT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for FMD (or SVD) viral genomea One sample from Malaysia contained a mixture of FMD virus types O and Aa Three samples from Zimbabwe contained a mixture of FMD virus types SAT 1 and SAT 2

Botswana Vaccine Institute and Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute

Samples or FMD isolates received at FAO WRL (Pirbright)

from January 2003 to September 2004- Summary

- 32 countries

- 876 Clinical samples or isolates- collected between 2000 and 2004- O (219), A (53), Asia 1 (10), SAT 1 (15) and SAT 2 (43)- 176 clinical samples: testing or characterisation in progress- more clinical samples are expected

-Further characterisation:-Phylogenetic analysis: complete VP1 gene from all the

FMD isolates-r Values (ELISA and VNT) on a selection of FMDV

FMDV

serotype O

1%

O1/BFS 1860/UK/67O/ARG/3/2000

O/PAR/1/2002O/URU/1/2000

O/ISA/1/74O/JAV/5/72

O/ISA/1/62O/ISA/9/74

O/ISA/8/83O/HKN/6/83

O/PHI/5/95O/VIT/13/2002

O/HKN/1/2002O/HKN/3/2002

O/HKN/2/2003O/HKN/3/2003O/PHI/17/2003

O/PHI/5/2003O/PHI/20/2003

O/PHI/18/2003O/PHI/10/2003

O/PHI/21/2003O/PHI/23/2003

O/KEN/7/2002O/BUN/7/2003

O/KEN/5/2002O/UGA/3/2002

O/KEN/3/2002O/UGA/1/2004

O/UGA/18/2004O/UGA/6/2004O/UGA/5/2004O/UGA/7/2004

O/ZAM/1/2000O/ZAM/2/2000

O/RWA/2/2004O/RWA/3/2004

O/GHA/5/93O/BKF/1/2002

O/MAU/19/2000O/K83/79* (Kenya)

O/UGA/5/96O/TAI/189/87*

O/TAI/3/2003O/MYA/7/2002

O/LAO/7/2003O/LAO/35/2003

O/TAI/44-2/02R2B3/2002*O/MAY/1/2002O/MAY/5/2002

O/IND/R2/75*O1/Manisa/TUR/69

O/PAK/14/2003O/PAK/17/2003O/PAK/16/2003O/PAK/73/2003

O/IND/53/79O/BHU/7/2002

O/PAT/2/2002O/PAT/3/2002

O/PAK/1/2003O/IRN/4/2003

O/IRN/8/2003O/IRN/6/2003

O/IRN/15/2003O/PAK/16/2002

O/PAK/18/2002O/TUR/5/2002

O/BHU/2/2002O/BHU/38/2002

O/LAO/17/2003O/LAO/19/2003O/LAO/20/2003

O/BHU/22/2003O/BHU/24/2003

O/NEP/4/2003O/BHU/41/2003

O/BHU/33/2004O/BHU/47/2003

O/NEP/6/2003O/NEP/2/2003

O/NEP/5/2003O/BHU/40/2004

O/BHU/26/2004O/BHU/28/2004

O/MAY/2/2004O/MAY/6/2003

O/MAY/3/2004O/LAO/3/2003

O/LAO/11/2003O/LAO/13/2003

O/LAO/12/2003O/LAO/21/2003

O/LAO/23/2003O/LAO/28/2003

O/LAO/30/2003O/LAO/31/2003

O/SAU/1/2002O/IRN/2/2003

O/IRN/16/2003O/SKR/1/2002

O/TAI/2/2003O/VIT/1/2003

O/TAW/2/99O/VIT/9/2002

O/VIT/6/2002O/VIT/20/2002

O/AFG/16/2003O/AFG/49/2003

O/AFG/50/2003O/VIT/12/2002O/VIT/19/2002

O/TUR/7/2003O/ISR/2/2004O/LEB/1/2003

O/TUR/1/2003O/SYR/2/2002

O/TUR/12/2002O/TUR/3/2002

O/TUR/3/2003

Euro-SA

ISA-1 ISA-2

Cathay

EA-1

EA-2

WA

ME-SA

SEA

PanAsia

Pak98

Irn2001

Ind2001

Mya98

Cam94

FMDV

serotype O

1%

O/VIT/13/2002O/HKN/1/2002

O/HKN/3/2002O/HKN/2/2003

O/HKN/3/2003O/PHI/17/2003

O/PHI/5/2003O/PHI/20/2003

O/PHI/18/2003O/PHI/10/2003

O/PHI/21/2003O/PHI/23/2003

O/KEN/7/2002O/BUN/7/2003

O/KEN/5/2002O/UGA/3/2002

O/KEN/3/2002O/UGA/1/2004

O/UGA/18/2004O/UGA/6/2004

O/UGA/5/2004O/UGA/7/2004

O/ZAM/1/2000O/ZAM/2/2000

O/RWA/2/2004O/RWA/3/2004

O/GHA/5/93O/BKF/1/2002

O/MAU/19/2000O/K83/79* (Kenya)

O/UGA/5/96O/TAI/189/87*

O/TAI/3/2003O/MYA/7/2002

O/LAO/7/2003O/LAO/35/2003

O/TAI/44-2/02R2B3/2002*O/MAY/1/2002O/MAY/5/2002



O/IND/53/79O/BHU/7/2002

O/PAT/2/2002O/PAT/3/2002

O/PAK/1/2003O/IRN/4/2003

O/IRN/8/2003O/IRN/6/2003

O/IRN/15/2003O/PAK/16/2002

O/PAK/18/2002O/TUR/5/2002

O/BHU/2/2002O/BHU/38/2002

O/LAO/17/2003O/LAO/19/2003

O/LAO/20/2003O/BHU/22/2003

O/BHU/24/2003O/NEP/4/2003

O/BHU/41/2003O/BHU/33/2004

O/BHU/47/2003O/NEP/6/2003

O/NEP/2/2003O/NEP/5/2003

O/BHU/40/2004O/BHU/26/2004

O/BHU/28/2004O/MAY/2/2004

O/MAY/6/2003O/MAY/3/2004

O/LAO/3/2003O/LAO/11/2003

O/LAO/13/2003O/LAO/12/2003

O/LAO/21/2003O/LAO/23/2003O/LAO/28/2003

O/LAO/30/2003

Cathay

EA-1

EA-2

WA

ME-SA

SEA

PanAsia

Pak98

Irn2001

Ind2001

Mya98

Cam94

Good matching:

O Manisa

(n=3 ; Burundi)

Africa

Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia,

Sudan

Sudan

r Values:

By VNT:

(Tur ; n=3) (Irn ; n=2) (Isr ; n=2)

(PAT ; n=1)

Good matching with O Manisa

By ELISA (Isr ; n=3):

Good matching with O Manisa

3039, Gshur Isr 2/85 and Dalton

FMDV

serotype O

Europe

Middle East

O/IRN/2/2003O/IRN/16/2003

O/SKR/1/2002O/TAI/2/2003

O/VIT/1/2003O/TAW/2/99

O/VIT/9/2002O/VIT/6/2002

O/VIT/20/2002O/AFG/16/2003

O/AFG/49/2003O/AFG/50/2003

O/VIT/12/2002O/VIT/19/2002

O/TUR/7/2003O/ISR/2/2004

O/LEB/1/2003O/TUR/1/2003

O/SYR/2/2002O/TUR/12/2002

O/TUR/3/2002O/TUR/3/2003

1%

O/UGA/18/2004O/UGA/6/2004

O/UGA/5/2004O/UGA/7/2004

O/ZAM/1/2000O/ZAM/2/2000

O/RWA/2/2004O/RWA/3/2004

O/GHA/5/93O/BKF/1/2002

O/MAU/19/2000O/K83/79* (Kenya)

O/UGA/5/96O/TAI/189/87*

O/TAI/3/2003O/MYA/7/2002

O/LAO/7/2003O/LAO/35/2003

O/TAI/44-2/02R2B3/2002*O/MAY/1/2002O/MAY/5/2002



O/IND/53/79O/BHU/7/2002

O/PAT/2/2002

O/PAK/1/2003O/IRN/4/2003

O/IRN/8/2003O/IRN/6/2003

O/IRN/15/2003O/PAK/16/2002

O/PAK/18/2002O/TUR/5/2002

O/BHU/2/2002O/BHU/38/2002

O/LAO/17/2003O/LAO/19/2003

O/LAO/20/2003O/BHU/22/2003O/BHU/24/2003

O/NEP/4/2003O/BHU/41/2003

O/BHU/33/2004O/BHU/47/2003

O/NEP/6/2003O/NEP/2/2003

O/NEP/5/2003O/BHU/40/2004

O/BHU/26/2004O/BHU/28/2004

O/MAY/2/2004O/MAY/6/2003

O/MAY/3/2004O/LAO/3/2003

O/LAO/11/2003O/LAO/13/2003

O/LAO/12/2003O/LAO/21/2003

O/LAO/23/2003O/LAO/28/2003

O/LAO/30/2003O/LAO/31/2003

O/SAU/1/2002

EA-1

EA-2

WA

ME-SA

SEA

PanAsia

Pak98

Irn2001

Ind2001

Mya98

Cam94

Iran

UAE(O/Irn/6/2003)

Iran

Turkey

Israel

Lebanon

Saudi Arabia(not shown)

PATO/PAT/3/2002

FMDV

serotype O

South Asia

O/IRN/2/2003O/IRN/16/2003

O/SKR/1/2002O/TAI/2/2003

O/VIT/1/2003O/TAW/2/99

O/VIT/9/2002O/VIT/6/2002

O/VIT/20/2002O/AFG/16/2003

O/AFG/49/2003O/AFG/50/2003

O/VIT/12/2002O/VIT/19/2002

O/TUR/7/2003O/ISR/2/2004

O/LEB/1/2003O/TUR/1/2003

O/SYR/2/2002O/TUR/12/2002

O/TUR/3/2002O/TUR/3/2003

1%

O/UGA/18/2004O/UGA/6/2004

O/UGA/5/2004O/UGA/7/2004

O/ZAM/1/2000O/ZAM/2/2000

O/RWA/2/2004O/RWA/3/2004

O/GHA/5/93O/BKF/1/2002

O/MAU/19/2000O/K83/79* (Kenya)

O/UGA/5/96O/TAI/189/87*

O/TAI/3/2003O/MYA/7/2002

O/LAO/7/2003O/LAO/35/2003

O/TAI/44-2/02R2B3/2002*O/MAY/1/2002O/MAY/5/2002



O/IND/53/79O/BHU/7/2002

O/PAT/2/2002O/PAT/3/2002

O/IRN/4/2003O/IRN/8/2003

O/IRN/6/2003O/IRN/15/2003

O/PAK/16/2002O/PAK/18/2002O/TUR/5/2002

O/BHU/2/2002O/BHU/38/2002

O/LAO/17/2003O/LAO/19/2003

O/LAO/20/2003O/BHU/22/2003O/BHU/24/2003

O/NEP/4/2003O/BHU/41/2003

O/BHU/33/2004O/BHU/47/2003

O/NEP/6/2003O/NEP/2/2003

O/NEP/5/2003O/BHU/40/2004

O/BHU/26/2004O/BHU/28/2004

O/MAY/2/2004O/MAY/6/2003

O/MAY/3/2004O/LAO/3/2003

O/LAO/11/2003O/LAO/13/2003

O/LAO/12/2003O/LAO/21/2003

O/LAO/23/2003O/LAO/28/2003

O/LAO/30/2003O/LAO/31/2003

O/SAU/1/2002

EA-1

EA-2

WA

ME-SA

SEA

PanAsia

Irn2001

Afghanistan

Pakistan closely related to O/PAK/45 2003

(not shown)

O/PAK/1/2003

Bhutan

Nepal

Pakistan Pak98

r Values:

By VNT:

(Afg ; n=3) (Bhu ; n=3)

(Nep ; n=2) (Pak ; n=2)

Good matching

O Manisa

By ELISA

(Afg ; n=6) (Pak ; n=7)

Good matching

with O Manisa, 3039, Ind 53/79,

Phi 95, Tai 189/87 and O TNN 24/84

Good to moderate matching: 4174

Poor to moderate matching: BFS

FMDV

serotype O

South East Asia

1%

O/ISA/8/83O/HKN/6/83

O/PHI/5/95O/VIT/13/2002

O/HKN/1/2002O/HKN/3/2002

O/HKN/2/2003O/HKN/3/2003O/PHI/17/2003

O/PHI/5/2003O/PHI/20/2003

O/PHI/18/2003O/PHI/10/2003

O/PHI/21/2003O/PHI/23/2003

O/KEN/7/2002O/BUN/7/2003

O/KEN/5/2002O/UGA/3/2002

O/KEN/3/2002O/UGA/1/2004

O/UGA/18/2004O/UGA/6/2004O/UGA/5/2004O/UGA/7/2004

O/ZAM/1/2000O/ZAM/2/2000

O/RWA/2/2004O/RWA/3/2004

O/GHA/5/93O/BKF/1/2002

O/MAU/19/2000O/K83/79* (Kenya)

O/UGA/5/96O/TAI/189/87*

O/TAI/3/2003O/MYA/7/2002

O/LAO/7/2003O/LAO/35/2003

O/TAI/44-2/02R2B3/2002*O/MAY/1/2002O/MAY/5/2002



O/IND/53/79O/BHU/7/2002

O/PAT/2/2002O/PAT/3/2002

O/PAK/1/2003O/IRN/4/2003

O/IRN/8/2003O/IRN/6/2003

O/IRN/15/2003O/PAK/16/2002

O/PAK/18/2002O/TUR/5/2002

O/BHU/2/2002O/BHU/38/2002

O/LAO/17/2003O/LAO/19/2003O/LAO/20/2003

O/BHU/22/2003O/BHU/24/2003

O/NEP/4/2003O/BHU/41/2003

O/BHU/33/2004O/BHU/47/2003

O/NEP/6/2003O/NEP/2/2003

O/NEP/5/2003O/BHU/40/2004

O/BHU/26/2004O/BHU/28/2004

O/MAY/2/2004O/MAY/6/2003

O/MAY/3/2004O/LAO/3/2003

O/LAO/11/2003O/LAO/13/2003

O/LAO/12/2003O/LAO/21/2003

O/LAO/23/2003O/LAO/28/2003

Cathay

EA-1

EA-2

WA

ME-SA

SEA

PanAsia

Pak98

Irn2001

Ind2001

Mya98

Cam94

Hong Kong

Philippines

r Values:

By VNT:

(Hgk ; n=2) (Phi ; n=3)

Good matching

O Manisa

By ELISA

(Phi ; n=2) :

Good matching

Phi 95, 4174 and 3039

FMDV

serotype O

South East Asia

1%

O/ZAM/2/2000O/RWA/2/2004

O/RWA/3/2004O/GHA/5/93

O/BKF/1/2002O/MAU/19/2000

O/K83/79* (Kenya)O/UGA/5/96

O/TAI/189/87*O/TAI/3/2003

O/MYA/7/2002O/LAO/7/2003

O/LAO/35/2003O/TAI/44-2/02R2B3/2002*

O/MAY/1/2002O/MAY/5/2002



O/IND/53/79O/BHU/7/2002

O/PAT/2/2002O/PAT/3/2002

O/PAK/1/2003O/IRN/4/2003

O/IRN/8/2003O/IRN/6/2003

O/IRN/15/2003O/PAK/16/2002

O/PAK/18/2002O/TUR/5/2002

O/BHU/2/2002O/BHU/38/2002

O/LAO/17/2003O/LAO/19/2003

O/LAO/20/2003O/BHU/22/2003O/BHU/24/2003

O/NEP/4/2003O/BHU/41/2003

O/BHU/33/2004O/BHU/47/2003

O/NEP/6/2003O/NEP/2/2003

O/NEP/5/2003O/BHU/40/2004

O/BHU/26/2004O/BHU/28/2004

O/MAY/2/2004O/MAY/6/2003

O/MAY/3/2004O/LAO/3/2003

O/LAO/11/2003O/LAO/13/2003

O/LAO/12/2003O/LAO/21/2003

O/LAO/23/2003O/LAO/28/2003

O/LAO/30/2003O/LAO/31/2003

O/SAU/1/2002O/IRN/2/2003

O/IRN/16/2003O/SKR/1/2002

O/TAI/2/2003O/VIT/1/2003

O/TAW/2/99O/VIT/9/2002

O/VIT/6/2002O/VIT/20/2002

O/AFG/16/2003O/AFG/49/2003

O/AFG/50/2003O/VIT/12/2002O/VIT/19/2002

O/TUR/7/2003O/ISR/2/2004O/LEB/1/2003

O/TUR/1/2003O/SYR/2/2002

O/TUR/12/2002O/TUR/3/2002

O/TUR/3/2003

EA-1

WA

ME-SA

SEA

PanAsia

Mya98

Cam94

Vietnam

Vietnam

Thailand

Lao PDR

Malaysia

Lao PDR

Lao PDR

Thailand

Malaysia

R Values:

By VNT:

(Lao ; n=4) (Tai ; n=2)

Good matching

O Manisa

By ELISA

(n=10 ; Lao, Tai, May)

Good matching

with O Manisa, Phi 95,

TNN 24/84, Tai 189/87, 3039

and 4174

FMDV

serotype A

1%

A/ARG/1/2001A/ARG/3/2001A/ARG/5/2001A/BRA/1/2001

A/URU/1/2001A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 [AJ251476]

A5/Allier/FRA/60 [AY593780]A/ERI/3/97

A/ERI/3/98A/GAM/44/98A/SEN/34/97A/MAI/2/97

A/MAU/3/97A/K37/84*

A/K35/80*A/KEN/6/96 [K15/96]

A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]

A/K5/80*A/K49/84*

A/UGA/1/2002A/IND/68/2001*

A/TAI/1188/87*A/MAY/2/2002

A/TAI/7/2002A/TAI/8/2003

A/MAY/1/2003A/MAY/3/2003A/MAY/4/2003

A/TAI/11/2003A/TAI/12/2003

A/TAI/10/2003A/TAI/4/2003

A/TAI/7/2003A/TAI/1/2001

A/TAI/2/97A/TAI/3/2001

A/TAI/2/2002A/IRN/41/2003

A/IRN/32/2001A/IRN/34/2001

A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003

A/IRN/87A/IRN/10/2003

A/PAK/28/2002A/PAK/9/2003

A/IND/17/77*A22/IRQ/24/64

A/IRN/22/99A/TUR/5/2003

A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003

A/IRQ/2/2002A/IRQ/100/2002A/IRQ/99/2002A/IRQ/107/2002A/IRQ/108/2002

A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/60/2002

A/IRQ/33/2002A/IRQ/59/2002

A/IRN/1/96A/TUR/2/2003

A/TUR/4/2003A/TUR/14/2002

A/SYR/5/2002A/TUR/17/2001

A/SAU/23/86A/BHU/27/2003A/BHU/41/2002

A/BHU/7/2003A/IND/60/2000*

A/IND/192/2000*A/IND/78/2000*

A/IND/104/2000*A/IND/53/2000*A/IND/67/2000*

A/IND/38/2000*A/IND/84/2000*

A/IND/24/2001*A/IND/126/2000*

A/IND/128/2000*A/IND/172/2000*

Euro-SA

Africa

Asia

Irn96

Irn99

FMDV

serotype A

Europe

Middle East

A/IRQ/33/2002A/IRQ/59/2002

A/TUR/2/2003A/TUR/4/2003

A/TUR/14/2002A/SYR/5/2002

A/TUR/17/2001

A/IND/53/2000*A/IND/67/2000*

A/IRQ/33/2002A/IRQ/59/2002

A/TUR/2/2003

A/IRQ/33/2002A/IRQ/59/2002

A/IRQ/33/2002A/IRQ/59/2002

1%

A/IRN/1/96

A/SAU/23/86A/BHU/27/2003A/BHU/41/2002

A/BHU/7/2003A/IND/60/2000*

A/IND/192/2000*A/IND/78/2000*

A/IND/104/2000*

A/IND/38/2000*A/IND/84/2000*

A/IND/24/2001*A/IND/126/2000*

A/IND/128/2000*A/IND/172/2000*

A/IRN/1/96A/IRN/1/96A/IRN/1/96

Irn96

A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]

A/K5/80*A/K49/84*

A/UGA/1/2002A/IND/68/2001*

A/TAI/1188/87*A/MAY/2/2002

A/TAI/7/2002A/TAI/8/2003

A/MAY/1/2003A/MAY/3/2003A/MAY/4/2003

A/TAI/11/2003A/TAI/12/2003

A/TAI/10/2003A/TAI/4/2003

A/TAI/7/2003A/TAI/1/2001

A/TAI/2/97A/TAI/3/2001

A/TAI/2/2002A/IRN/41/2003

A/IRN/32/2001A/IRN/34/2001

A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003

A/IRN/87A/IRN/10/2003

A/PAK/28/2002A/PAK/9/2003

A/IND/17/77*A22/IRQ/24/64

A/IRN/22/99A/TUR/5/2003

A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003


A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/60/2002

Asia

Irn99

Iran

Turkey

Irn96

A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]

A/K5/80*A/K49/84*

A/UGA/1/2002A/IND/68/2001*

A/TAI/1188/87*A/MAY/2/2002

A/TAI/7/2002A/TAI/8/2003

A/MAY/1/2003A/MAY/3/2003A/MAY/4/2003

A/TAI/11/2003A/TAI/12/2003

A/TAI/10/2003A/TAI/4/2003

A/TAI/7/2003A/TAI/1/2001

A/TAI/2/97A/TAI/3/2001

A/TAI/2/2002A/IRN/41/2003

A/IRN/32/2001A/IRN/34/2001

A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003

A/IRN/87A/IRN/10/2003

A/PAK/28/2002A/PAK/9/2003

A/IND/17/77*A22/IRQ/24/64

A/IRN/22/99A/TUR/5/2003

A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003


A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/60/2002

Asia

Irn99

Iran

Turkey

Irn96

A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]

A/K5/80*A/K49/84*

A/UGA/1/2002A/IND/68/2001*

A/TAI/1188/87*A/MAY/2/2002

A/TAI/7/2002A/TAI/8/2003

A/MAY/1/2003A/MAY/3/2003A/MAY/4/2003

A/TAI/11/2003A/TAI/12/2003

A/TAI/10/2003A/TAI/4/2003

A/TAI/7/2003A/TAI/1/2001

A/TAI/2/97A/TAI/3/2001

A/TAI/2/2002A/IRN/41/2003

A/IRN/32/2001A/IRN/34/2001

A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003

A/IRN/87A/IRN/10/2003

A/PAK/28/2002A/PAK/9/2003

A/IND/17/77*A22/IRQ/24/64

A/IRN/22/99A/TUR/5/2003

A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003


A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/60/2002

Asia

Irn99

Iran

Turkey

Irn96

A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]

A/K5/80*A/K49/84*

A/UGA/1/2002A/IND/68/2001*

A/TAI/1188/87*A/MAY/2/2002

A/TAI/7/2002A/TAI/8/2003

A/MAY/1/2003A/MAY/3/2003A/MAY/4/2003

A/TAI/11/2003A/TAI/12/2003

A/TAI/10/2003A/TAI/4/2003

A/TAI/7/2003A/TAI/1/2001

A/TAI/2/97A/TAI/3/2001

A/TAI/2/2002A/IRN/41/2003

A/IRN/32/2001A/IRN/34/2001

A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003

A/IRN/87A/IRN/10/2003

A/PAK/28/2002A/PAK/9/2003

A/IND/17/77*A22/IRQ/24/64

A/IRN/22/99A/TUR/5/2003

A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003


A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/60/2002

Asia

Irn99

Iran

TurkeyR Values:

By VNT:

(Irn ; n=2)

(Tur ; n=1)

Poor matching

with A22 Irq 24/64

By ELISA (n=4) :

(Irn ; n=3) (Tur ; n=1)

Good matching:

A Irn 99 and A May 97

Good to moderate matching:

A Irn 96, A Sau 23/86, A Irn 87

Poor matching : A22 Irq 24/64

FMDV

serotype A

Southern Asia

Irn96

1%

A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]

A/K5/80*A/K49/84*

A/UGA/1/2002A/IND/68/2001*

A/TAI/1188/87*A/MAY/2/2002

A/TAI/7/2002A/TAI/8/2003

A/MAY/1/2003A/MAY/3/2003A/MAY/4/2003

A/TAI/11/2003A/TAI/12/2003

A/TAI/10/2003A/TAI/4/2003

A/TAI/7/2003A/TAI/1/2001

A/TAI/2/97A/TAI/3/2001

A/TAI/2/2002A/IRN/41/2003

A/IRN/32/2001A/IRN/34/2001

A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003

A/IRN/87A/IRN/10/2003

A/PAK/28/2002A/PAK/9/2003

A/IND/17/77*A22/IRQ/24/64

A/IRN/22/99A/TUR/5/2003

A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003


A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/60/2002

A/IRQ/33/2002A/IRQ/59/2002

A/IRN/1/96A/TUR/2/2003

A/TUR/4/2003A/TUR/14/2002

A/SYR/5/2002A/TUR/17/2001

A/SAU/23/86A/BHU/27/2003A/BHU/41/2002

A/BHU/7/2003A/IND/60/2000*

A/IND/192/2000*A/IND/78/2000*

A/IND/104/2000*A/IND/53/2000*A/IND/67/2000*

A/IND/38/2000*A/IND/84/2000*

A/IND/24/2001*A/IND/126/2000*

A/IND/128/2000*A/IND/172/2000*

Asia

Irn99

Pakistan

Bhutan

R Values:

By VNT:

(Pak ; n=1)

Poor matching

with A22 Irq 24/64

By ELISA:

(n=7; Bhu, Pak)

Good matching:

A Irn 99, A May 97

and 4164

Good to moderate: A Irn 96, A Sau 23/86, A Irn 87 and A Sau 95

Poor matching: A22 Irq 24/64 and Ind 17/82

FMDV

serotype A

South East Asia

Irn96

1%

A/KEN/15/98 [K62/98]A/KEN/16/98A [K67/98]

A/K5/80*A/K49/84*

A/UGA/1/2002A/IND/68/2001*

A/TAI/1188/87*A/MAY/2/2002

A/TAI/7/2002A/TAI/8/2003

A/MAY/1/2003A/MAY/3/2003A/MAY/4/2003

A/TAI/11/2003A/TAI/12/2003

A/TAI/10/2003A/TAI/4/2003

A/TAI/7/2003A/TAI/1/2001

A/TAI/2/97A/TAI/3/2001

A/TAI/2/2002A/IRN/41/2003

A/IRN/32/2001A/IRN/34/2001

A/IRN/2/2002A/IRN/7/2003

A/IRN/87A/IRN/10/2003

A/PAK/28/2002A/PAK/9/2003

A/IND/17/77*A22/IRQ/24/64

A/IRN/22/99A/TUR/5/2003

A/IRN/5/2003A/IRN/9/2003


A/IRQ/24/2002A/IRQ/60/2002

A/IRQ/33/2002A/IRQ/59/2002

A/IRN/1/96A/TUR/2/2003

A/TUR/4/2003A/TUR/14/2002

A/SYR/5/2002A/TUR/17/2001

A/SAU/23/86A/BHU/27/2003A/BHU/41/2002

A/BHU/7/2003A/IND/60/2000*

A/IND/192/2000*A/IND/78/2000*

A/IND/104/2000*A/IND/53/2000*A/IND/67/2000*

A/IND/38/2000*A/IND/84/2000*

A/IND/24/2001*A/IND/126/2000*

A/IND/128/2000*A/IND/172/2000*

Asia

Irn99

Thailand

Malaysia

Lao PDR?

Vietnam R Values:

By ELISA :

(Tai ; n=7)

(May ; n=1)

Good matching:

A May 97

Good to moderate:

A Tai 118/87,

ATai ASK 99, A Irn 96,

A Sau 23/86, A Irn 87,

4164 and A Sau 95

Poor matching: A22 Irq 24/64 and A5925

FMDV

serotype Asia1

Pakistan

Only in

Southern Asia

r Value:

Good matching :

Asia1 Shamir 3/89

WBN 117/85 1%

As1/PAK/1/54

As1/IND/63/72 [Y09949]

As1/AFG/4/2001

As1/IRN/11/2001

As1/MAY/9/99

As1/TAI/5/96*

As1/TAI/1/98

As1/Shamir/ISR/89

As1/LEB/83 [AJ294931]

As1/BHU/27/2002

As1/BHU/34/2002

As1/MYA/2/2001

As1/BAN/2/96*

As1/PAK/20/2003

As1/GRE/2/2000

As1/IRN/58/99

As1/PAK/69/2003

As1/PAK/30/2002

As1/PAK/31/2002

As1/PAK/34/2002

As1/PAK/33/2002

* Marquardt et al., 2000

FMDV

serotype SAT1Malawi

Malawi (2000-2001)

Namibia (2000)

Zambia (2000)

Zimbabwe (2003-2004)

1%

SAT1/ISR/14/62 [AY593844]SAT1/ZAM/P2/96 LOC-25 [buffalo in Lochinvar National Park]

SAT1/MAL/4/2000SAT1/MAL/3/2000SAT1/MAL/2/2000

SAT1/ZAM/3/2000SAT1/MAL/1/2001

SAT1/MAL/2/2001SAT1/ZIM/23/2003

SAT1/ZIM/P1/96 K13 [buffalo on Lubangwa Island, Kariba]SAT1/UGA/3/99SAT1/UGA/7/99

SAT1/ZIM/5/99SAT1/RV/11/37 [AY593839]SAT1/RHO/5/66 [AY593846]SAT1/SAR/34/00 [OVI]

SAT1/SWL/1/00 [OVI]SAT1/SWL/4/00 [OVI]

SAT1/SAR/1/00 [OVI]SAT1/SAR/2/00 [OVI]

SAT1/SAR/3/00 [OVI]SAT1/SAR/4/00 [OVI]

SAT1/SAR/8/00 [OVI]SAT1/BEC/1/48 [AY593838]

SAT1/SA/13/61 [AY593842]SAT1/BOT/1/68 [Z98203]

SAT1/SWA/40/61 [AY593843]SAT1/NAM/307/98 [OVI]

SAT1/NAM/306/98 [OVI]SAT1/NAM/308/98 [OVI]

SAT1/BOW/5/98 [OVI]SAT1/BOW/2/98 [OVI]

SAT1/BOW/8/98 [OVI]SAT1/BOW/14/98 [OVI]

SAT1/BOW/17/98 [OVI]SAT1/NMB/1/2000

SAT1/ZAM/4/2000SAT1/SWA/1/49 [AY593840]SAT1/SA/2/58 [AY593841]

SAT1/NAM/272/98 [OVI]SAT1/NAM/288/98 [OVI]

SAT1/ZIM/P1/2004 [D19]SAT1/ZIM/P1/2004 [C10]

SAT1/ZIM/P1/2004 [E45]SAT1+2/ZIM/5/2003

SAT1+2/ZIM/2/2003SAT1/ZIM/4/2003SAT1/ZIM/13/2003SAT1/ZIM/21/2003SAT1/ZIM/20/2003

NorthernZimbabwe

South-east Zimbabwe

WesternZimbabwe

Namibia

Zambia

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe

FMDV

serotype SAT 2 Libya

1%

SAT2/ANG/4/74 [AF479417]SAT2/KEN/3/57 [AJ251473]

SAT2/RWA/1/2000 [AF367134]SAT2/RWA/1/2004SAT2/UGA/4/2002

SAT2/UG 2/02/2 [OVI]SAT2/ZAI/1/82 [AF367100]

SAT2/ERI/12/98SAT2/CAR/P12/2000 -VDI 44/1

SAT2/SAU/6/2000 [AF367135]SAT2/LIB/1/2003SAT2/LIB/7/2003

SAT2/GHA/10/74 [AF426068]SAT2/GHA/14/74 [AF426069]

SAT2/GHA/25/73SAT2/LBR/1/74B [AF426071]


SAT2/NIG/13/91 [AF426090]SAT2/BOT/13/2002SAT2/BOT/29/2002SAT2/BOT/30/2002

SAT2/ZIM/2/2001SAT2/ZIM/1/2001

ZIM/1/2001 [OVI]SAT2/ZIM/16/2002SAT2/ZIM 1/02/2 [OVI]SAT2/ZIM/5/2002

SAT2/ZIM/7/2002SAT2/ZIM 2/02/2 [OVI]


SAT2/ZIM/7/83 [AF136607]SAT2/ZIM/13/2001 [OVI]

SAT2/ZIM/8/2002SAT2/ZIM/17/2002


SAT2/ZIM 4/02/2 [OVI]SAT2/ZIM 6/02/2 [OVI]SAT2/ZIM 5/02/2 [OVI]SAT2/ZIM 7/02/2 [OVI]

SAT2/RHO/1/48 [Zambia] [AJ251475]SAT2/ZIM/11/2002


SAT2/ZIM 10/02/2 [OVI]SAT2/BUN/1/91 [AF367111]

SAT2/KEN/2/2002SAT2/MAL/1/2004 [OVI]

SAT2/K52/84 [Kenya]SAT2/MAL/3/75 [AF367099]

SAT2/MAL/1/2003SAT2/MAL/2/2003SAT2/MOZ/1/79 [AF367137]

SAT2/MOZ/4/83 [AF367101]SAT2/ZIM/12/2002SAT2/ZIM/15/2002SAT2/ZIM/13/2002SAT2/ZIM/14/2002SAT2/ZIM/6/2003SAT2/MOZ/1/2002SAT2+SAT1/ZIM/5/2003SAT2/ZIM/18/2003

SAT2/ZIM/22/2003SAT2/ZIM/19/2003SAT2/ZIM/16/2003SAT2/ZIM/1/2003

SAT2/ZIM/9/2003SAT2/ZIM/7/2003SAT2+SAT1/ZIM/2/2003SAT2/ZIM/3/2003

SAT2/ZIM/P1/2004 [A2761]SAT2/ZIM/17/2003

SAT2/ZIM/P1/2004 [B7]SAT2/ZIM/8/2003

SAT2/ZIM/14/2003SAT2/ZIM/12/2003

SAT2/ZIM/18/2002SAT2/ZIM/11/2003SAT2/ZIM/15/2003

WesternZimbabwe

West Africa

Central, North& East Africa

EastAfrica

r Value matching

Good: SAT 2 Sau 2000

Moderate: Zim 7/83

Botswana (2002)

Libya (2003)

Malawi (2003)

Mozambique (2002)

Rwanda (2004)


FMDV

serotype SAT 2

1%











ZIM/1/2001 [OVI]SAT2/ZIM/16/2002SAT2/ZIM 1/02/2 [OVI]

SAT2/ZIM/5/2002SAT2/ZIM/7/2002SAT2/ZIM 2/02/2 [OVI]SAT2/ZIM/6/2002SAT2/ZIM 3/02/2 [OVI]


SAT2/ZIM/8/2002SAT2/ZIM/17/2002












SAT2/ZIM/P1/2004 [A2761]SAT2/ZIM/17/2003

SAT2/ZIM/P1/2004 [B7]SAT2/ZIM/8/2003

SAT2/ZIM/14/2003SAT2/ZIM/12/2003


WesternZimbabwe

West Africa


EastAfrica

Malawi2003

Botswana2002

Mozambique2003

Botswana (2002)

Libya (2003)

Malawi (2003)

Mozambique (2002)

Rwanda (2004)

Uganda (2002)


Rwanda2004

Uganda2002

FMDV

serotype SAT 2

1%











ZIM/1/2001 [OVI]SAT2/ZIM/16/2002SAT2/ZIM 1/02/2 [OVI]

SAT2/ZIM/5/2002SAT2/ZIM/7/2002SAT2/ZIM 2/02/2 [OVI]SAT2/ZIM/6/2002SAT2/ZIM 3/02/2 [OVI]


SAT2/ZIM/8/2002SAT2/ZIM/17/2002












SAT2/ZIM/P1/2004 [A2761]SAT2/ZIM/17/2003

SAT2/ZIM/P1/2004 [B7]SAT2/ZIM/8/2003

SAT2/ZIM/14/2003SAT2/ZIM/12/2003


WesternZimbabwe

West Africa


EastAfrica

Zimbabwe

(Botswana)

(Mozambique)

Botswana (2002)

Libya (2003)

Malawi (2003)

Mozambique (2002)

Rwanda (2004)


PROVISIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE WRL ON FMD VIRUS STRAINS TO BE INCLUDED

IN FMDV ANTIGEN BANKS 2003

High PriorityO Manisa (covers panasian topotype)

O BFS or CamposA24 CruzeiroAsia 1 ShamirA Iran ‘96SAT 2 Saudi Arabia (or equivalent)

(not in order of importance)

SAT 2 Zimbabwe

A22 IraqAIran 87 or A Saudi Arabia 23/86 (or equivalent)SAT 1 South AfricaA Malaysia 97 (or Thai equivalent such as A/NPT/TAI/86)A Argentina 2001O Taiwan 97 (pig-adapted strain or Philippine equivalent)A Iran ’99 (not in order of importance)

A15 Bangkok related strain

A87 Argentina related strainA Eritrea 98C NovilleSAT 2 KenyaSAT 1 KenyaSAT 3 ZimbabweA Kenya (not in order of importance)

Medium Priority

Low Priority

Objectives in FMD molecular epidemiology FAO WRL FMD

At present:

• Global Surveillance of FMD:

– trace the origins of outbreaks– monitor virus movement– study virus evolution

• Involvement in:

– vaccine strain selection– development of analytical tools and new techniques– relate sequence changes to altered virological features (e.g.

host tropism).

Strengths and WeaknessStrengths:

- Strategic position of Department of Exotic Disease Control: Regional Reference Laboratory for OIE World Reference Laboratory for FAO =>Free without vaccination that has experienced a recent outbreak

- Samples from all around the world- Biggest archive of FMDVs (around 16 000 isolates), collected since 1920`s- “in house” competencies on different aspects of FMDV- Animal facilities to work on any new variant

Weakness:- Difficulties to get samples and epidemiological information- Degree of genetic variation of FMDV- Processing and storage of data- Balance between service and research activities

Solutions to overcome problems and to have a better use of our strengths

Technical problems- New set of primers- Combination of software to process sequences - Creation of a new database that will be linked to a website

Collection of samples and Epidemiological information:

- Contacts with countries as soon as disease is reported- Special agreement to get samples- EU Coordination project between reference laboratories (D.J. Paton)

=> improvement of our efficiency, relevance of the epidemiological data

Objective 1: Improvement of the tracing of FMD outbreaks

- Development of genetic markers of FMD- Sequencing of complete VP1 gene from a higher number of

isolates- Defining fingerprint by comparison of full FMDV genomes - Quasispecies

- Global surveillance: - Mapping FMDV antigenic and genetic data- Combining phylogenetic information and epidemiological

information (animal movements, animal value, subsidises, social events)=> Making available the information in real time EU coordination project (D.J. Paton), collaboration with M. Thurmond (Davis, California, US) and others

Molecular epidemiology in the future

Objective 2: development of alternative methods for vaccine strain selection. Investigation of the variability of CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes.

- Alternative methods to evaluate the antigenic relationships between vaccine strains and field isolates:

-Mathematical comparison of sequence variation (collaborations with Indian Immunologicals and D. Haydon, Glasgow University)

-Bioinformatics model of the structure of the capsid based on sequence data (Application for a BBSRC studentships / collaboration with D. Stuart and E. Fry, Oxford University)

- Study to evaluate degree of variability of CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes (collaboration with B. Charleston)


Objective 3: study of the viral mechanism that can be involve in the genetic diversity and evolution of FMDV

- Rate of mutation between different serotype and its effect (O, A, C)

- Existence of quasispecies in vivo (BBSRC Grant)

- Evaluation of the importance of the recombination phenomenon.


- FMD is still active in many parts of the world(South America, Africa and Asia)

- Serotype O / PanAsia strain is the most prevalent except in Africa. Serotype A has a high degree of sequence variation. Occurrence of Serotype C has to be confirmed.

- Vaccine antigens recommendations reviewed at Gerzensee in 2003 seem to remain relevant.

- WRL FMD makes efforts in improving and coordinating global surveillance of FMD

Conclusions

Recommendations

-Efforts must be made to share antigenic and genetic information

between references laboratories.

-Eradication of FMD in countries that apply to join EU

-Handistatus II (OIE website): countries that report FMD outbreaks

could precise which laboratory has confirmed the clinical suspicion and

which technique was used. Any “event” must be confirmed by a Reference

Laboratory and an epidemiological investigation must be carried out.

-Global surveillance will be improved by a better coordination

Documents

FMD Global Update 2003-2004 Jean-François Valarcher, Nick Knowles, Rosa Fernandez, Paul Davies, Rebecca Midgley, Geoff Hutchings, Brenda Newman, Bob Statham,