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European Strategic Cluster Partnership in Blue Energy
Analysis of Blue Energy International Markets
Focus on Wave & Tidal Energy
Temse, 26th of February 2019
International (outside Europe) analysis focused on 3 emerging Blue Energy technologies
Introduction
Floating Offshore Wind (FOW)
Tidal Current
Wave Energy
Preliminary analysis on 20 pre-identified countries
2
Introduction
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Mexico
United States
Canada
Namibia
South AfricaNew Zealand
Australia
Philippines
Indonesia
India
Singapore
Japan
China
Taiwan
Republic of Korea
Barbados
Puerto Rico
Analyzed countries
12 criteria analysed and quantified per country
3
Variables taken into account
Introduction
Potential resource and location
Installed capacity (2014-2020)
Operational projects
R&D projects
Test Sites
Projects and test sites locations
National Strategy for blue energy
Public Funding for blue energy
Key players for blue energy
Events of blue energy
Ease of doing business
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Market Incentives for blue energy
Blue energy country profile*
(*) The contents could vary depending on the situation of each country and the availability of information
10
11
12
1011
12
4
Country prioritization
8 countries considered medium/high interest >> 6 market reports >> 3 exploratory trips
Country prioritization matrix
Blue energy current situation and future expectations
Su
pp
ort
Me
ch
an
ism
s
High interest
Medium interest
FOW
Tidal
Wave
Highlighted in red expected but
not current installed capacity
5
CONTENTS
01. Socio-economic context
02. Regulatory framework
03. Energy mix
04. Market analysis
• Potential resource
• Installed and planned capacity
• R&D
• Value Chain
• Blue energy sector development
Annex 1: Exploratory mission
Market reports: Table of contents
Six market reports available
Key insights :U.S. Market Analysis
7
California has just amended its RPS to 50% by 2030, from the
previous 33% by 2020, which it has almost met
TX5.880 MW (2025)
WA15% (2020)
OR50% (2040)
CA50% (2030)
MT15% (2015)
NV25% (2025) UT
20% (2025)
AZ15% (2025)
CO30% (2020)
NM20% (2020)
OK15% (2015)
KS20% (2020)
SD10% (2015)
ND10% (2015) MN
26,5% (2025)
WI10% (2015)
IL25% (2025)
MO15% (2021)
NC12,5% (2021)
VA15% (2025)
MI15% (2021)
NY50% (2030)
PA18% (2020)
DE25% (2025)
NH24,8% (2025)
ME40% (2017)
IA105 MW
SC2% (2021)
NJ22,5% (2020)
IN10% (2025) OH
12,5% (2026)
MD25% (2020)
CT23% (2020)
MA15% (2020)
RI38,5% (2035)
VT75% (2032)
Many southeastern states have no renewable standard
or target
Renewable Portfolio Standard
Renewable Portfolio Goal
Hawaii has the most aggressive RPS requirement (100% by 2045), followed
by Vermont (75% by 2032)
National renewable policies have been considered by Congress but have yet to
be signed into law
30 U.S. states have renewable portfolio standards that establish mandatory goals for utilities regarding renewable energies
Renewable portfolio standards and goals (2017)
Another eight states have voluntary renewable energy goals, with only 12 having no standard or target, mainly concentrated in the
southeast of the country
Note: Some states include more specific requirements which further incentivize the deployment of particular market segments or energy technologies
Sources: Database of State Incentives for Renewables & Efficiency, State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals 2017
Regulatory framework and funding schemes
8
Regulatory framework and funding schemes
Sources: Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Interior (DOI), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), National Ocean Council (NOC), Pacific Marine Energy Center (PMEC)
…which are mainly engaged in the formulation and implementation of policies and strategies for the development of industrial and energy system
Main agents of U.S. energy system
• The Department of Energy (DOE) is
the main responsible in the regulation
of the generation, transport and
distribution of electricity in the United
States
• The mission of the Energy Department
is to ensure America’s security and
prosperity by addressing its energy,
environmental and nuclear challenges
through transformative science and
technology solutions
• The Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC) is an independent
agency that regulates the interstate
transmission of electricity, natural gas,
and oil
• It also reviews proposals to build
liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals
and interstate natural gas pipelines as
well as licensing hydropower projects.
• The EPA is in charge of environmental
regulation and their mission is to
protect human health and the
environment
• It regulates power plants’ emission
norms
• NREL advances the science and
engineering of energy efficiency,
sustainable transportation, and
renewable power technologies and
provides the knowledge to integrate
and optimize energy systemsPu
blic
Bo
die
s
Ren
ewab
le E
ner
gy
• The Mission of the Bureau of
Ocean Energy Management is to
manage development of U.S.
Outer Continental Shelf energy
and mineral resources in an
environmentally and
economically responsible way
• The National Ocean Council
was charged with implementing
the National Ocean Policy
• The organization has been
abolished by President Donald
Trump in June 2018 and will be
replace by a new 'streamlined'
committee that will focus on
science and technology and
resource management
Blu
e En
ergy
Department of Energy (DOE)
Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC)
• The Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy (EERE) has the
mission of create and sustain American
leadership in the transition to a global
clean energy economy. Its vision is a
strong and prosperous America
powered by clean, affordable, and
secure energy
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
Department of Interior (DOI)
• The Department of the Interior protects
and manages the Nation's natural
resources and cultural heritage;
provides scientific and other information
about those resources
• It is a Cabinet-level agency that
manages America's vast natural and
cultural resources
National Ocean Council (NOC)
Pacific Marine Energy Center
• The Pacific Marine Energy
Center South Energy Test Site
(PMEC-SETS) is an Energy
Department-funded, grid-
connected, full-scale test facility
for wave energy conversion
technologies—the first of its kind
in the United States
9
Water Power Technologies Office Budget Overview
WPTO
$35 $41 $41 $45
$59 $70
$19 $17 $19
$25
$25
$35
$-
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
Mill
on
es
MHK Hydro
10
U.S. Marine Energy Resources
WPTO
Technically
Extractable
Theoretically
Extractable
OCEAN
CURRENT
TOP 20 TIDAL
OPPORTUNITIESWAVE ENERGY
INTENSITY
1,500 TWh/yr is technically
extractable from the U.S. marine
energy resource – equivalent to
nearly 30% of U.S. generation.
Developing just one-sixth of the available wave energy in the five
Pacific states could power more than five million homes.
11
Current State of the Marine Energy Industry
WPTO
The U.S. is home to more
than a third of all active
marine energy companies
operating globally.
12
Marine Energy Research Challenges and Recent WPTO R&D Awards
WPTO
Difficult Engineering
Installing and Operating Reliable Systems
Prolonged Testing and Design Cycles
Technology / Market Information and Supply Chains
• Crosscutting PTO Components
• Advanced Controls
• Innovative Structures
• Survivable Wave Energy Converters
• Marine Installation, Operations, and Maintenance
• Advanced Technology Integration and Demonstration
• Innovation, Testing, and Validation of MHK Environmental
Monitoring Instrumentation Performance
• Wave Energy Converters System Advancement
• Wave Energy Test Facility
• Open Topic – MHK Technology Development
Marine Energy
Strategic R&D Challenges
Recent Competitive Award
R&D Research Areas
13
Installed and planned capacity
U.S. has 9 blue energy projects, counting operational, under development and early planning projects with a total planned capacity of 2.2 GW by 2030 Blue energy installed capacity
Floating
Offshore
Wind
Tidal Current
Wave power
• Aqua Ventus I - Led by The DeepCwind Consortium, the project will deploy two 6
MW turbines
• Morro Bay FOW project - Led by Trident Winds and EnBW North America, the
project will consist of approximately 100 floating offshore wind systems with a total
capacity of more than 600MW over 30 miles off the coast of Morro Bay
• Northern California FOW project - Led by a public-private consortium, the project
will consist of a 100-150 megawatts floating offshore wind farm more than 20 miles off
the coast of Eureka
• Oahu FOW projects - Led by a Alpha Wind Energy, the project will consist of two
FOW farms with 51 floating 8 MW turbines (408 MW) generation capacity each in
Hawaii
• Progression FOW project - Led by a Progression Energy and Principle Power, the
project will consist of 40-50 WindFloat turbines with a total generation capacity of 400
MW) in Hawaii
• Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy Project (RITE) - First commercially-licensed tidal
power project in the U.S. for the installation of 1MW turbine in the East River (New
York)
• Maine Tidal Energy Project - 20-year power purchase contract for the energy
generated by a TidGen turbine installed in Cobscook Bay
• Muskeget Channel project
• BOLT Livesaver
• OE Buoy
• StingRAY WEC
• NWEI’s Azura
1. Northern California
2. FOW project
3. Morro Bay
4. FOW project
1. Aqua Ventus
1. Oahu FOW
projects
2. Progression
1. Maine Tidal
2. Muskeget
Channel
3. RITE
1. NWEI’s Azura
2. StingRAY
3. BOLT Livesaver
4. OE Bouy
Hawaii
Demonstrator projects at the Wave Energy
Test Site in Hawaii
U.S. could be world leader in terms of floating offshore wind installed capacity provided that all of the under-development and early
planning projects are deployed
• The BOLT Lifesaver, a point-absorber device, completed a one-year demonstration project at
the Navy’s WETS in Hawaii in April 2017. The device uses five power take-off units, each
rated for a capacity of 10 kW. Over the length of the project, the device generated 22,364
kWh, with an average output of 3.2 kW, and the largest continuous power export lasting 200
days. This project provided excellent data on device reliability and performance, and also
exposed areas for improvement in structures and materials for a more robust design
BOLT Livesaver
(Fred Olsen)
14
Installed and planned capacity
U.S. Navy’s Wave Energy Test Site (WETS) in Hawaii is the most active location for wave energy projects in U.S.
Wave power projects detail
• The OE Buoy, an oscillating water column design, is slotted for half-scale device testing in the
later-half of 2018 at the Wave Energy Test Site in Hawaii. The deployment will last
approximately one year and will provide useful performance data for model validations,
reliability performance, and opportunities for cost reductions
OE Bouy
• Columbia Power Technologies (CPT) is planning to test a one-third scale system of their
StingRAY wave energy converter device at the Wave Energy Test Site in Hawaii in the later-
half of 2018. As a precursor to this open water testing, CPT conducted testing on the Sting-
RAY’s drive train at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) using their state-of-the-art
dynamometer in 2016 and 2017. This deployment will provide valuable reliability data as well
as indicate opportunities for design improvements and optimization
StingRAY WEC
• Northwest Energy Innovations’ (NWEI) Azura™ is a multimode, point absorber WEC that
extracts power from both the heave and surge motions of waves to maximize energy capture.
NWEI has previously tested their technology in Oregon in 2012, and a half-scale device was
tested with 98% availability for 19 months beginning in June 2015 at the 30 m berth at WETS.
NWEI is currently developing a full scale Azura™ to be tested at the U.S. Navy’s WETS in
Hawaii. The proposed testing will allow to determine the energy capture matrix of a full scale
device, resulting in a more accurate assessment of LCOE
NWEI’s Azura
Sources: Marine Energy International Study, US Navy, OES
Tidal Current and Wave Power R&D projects (2017)
15
R&D
The R&D projects related to tidal current and wave power are made in collaboration and led by private companies, national labs and the US Navy
Sources: Ocean Energy Systems, Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tidal Energy Today
ABB along with partners at Texas A&M’s Advanced Electrical Machines Lab and Resolute Marine Energy developed and tested an integrated magnetic-
gear generator. This innovative design has advanced the state-of-the-art for power take-off systems for wave energy converters. The test results of the 10-
kW prototype indicated the generator could be ideal for low-speed, high-torque applications like wave energy, or even tidal and wind. The prototype was part
of a DOE-funded project to research novel direct-drive generators that could eliminate hydraulic components in some wave energy power take-off systems
NREL completed deployment of two buoys with high-accuracy sensors to record wave and tide movement off the coasts of Oregon and Maine, areas
known to be potential hot spots for marine energy development. The work is part of larger project funded by DOE, in concert with SNL and the PNNL, to
analyze wave and tidal energy sites with great potential for development and gather data to validate the computer modeling tools that industry uses to design
devices
Ocean Renewable Power Company completed full-scale testing of a specialized bearing system and associated driveline components. The research
was funded by WPTO and was completed in collaboration with the University of Maine. This is the first phase of the project, future phases will center on
development of a more robust electrical generator to reduce failure rates
SNL, in conjunction with the U.S. Navy, tested advanced controls on a WEC at the Navy’s Maneuvering and Seakeeping (MASK) Basin in Bethesda,
Maryland. This testing will support the Lab in control algorithm development, numerical simulation, and future model testing to increase the power output of
WEC devices. The Navy’s MASK Basin, used in the finals of the Wave Energy Prize, has a state-of-the-art wave maker that is capable of making precise
waves for hours. This allows researchers to quickly test the converter’s control systems under numerous wave conditions and see the response.
NNMREC conducted several laboratory experiments with cross-flow turbines and simulations of wave energy converters which highlighted the potential for
elevated power generation from dense array configurations, particularly when machine learning is used to coordinate control strategies across the array.
Also in 2017, Environmental researchers at NNMREC achieved automatic detection and classification of marine animals using an integrated instrumentation
system and advanced standardized approaches for characterizing biological environments at wave and current energy sites. Core research outcomes also
included direct measurements of extreme wave conditions, methods to model and mitigate debris interactions, and robotic autonomy from inspection and
maintenance activities. In aggregate, this research adds to the growing suite of innovative tools and capabilities that can reduce the leveled cost of energy
(LCOE) of marine renewable energy
16
R&D
U.S. has advanced infrastructures for testing activities of tidal current, wave energy and floating offshore wind
Blue energy test sites
AgentU.S. Navy’s Wave
Energy
✓
-
-
OTEC Test Site
✓
✓
✓
PMEC – Lake
Washington Test
Site
✓
✓
-
PMEC – Tanana
River Test Site
✓
✓
-
PMEC – South
Energy Test Site
✓
-
-
PMEC – North
Energy Test Site
(NETS)
✓
✓
✓
Camp Rilea Test
Site
✓
-
-
Southeast National
Marine Renewable
Energy Center
(SNMREC)
-
✓
-
Jennette’s Pier
Wave Energy Test
Facility
✓
-
-
Agent
Field Research
Facility
(FRF)
✓
✓
-
Center for Ocean
Renewable Energy
(CORE)
✓
✓
-
Bourne Tidal Test
Site (BTTS)
-
✓
-
UMaine
Deepwater
Offshore Wind
Test Site
✓
-
✓
Sources: Ocean Energy Systems, Department of Energy, DOE, Tidal Energy Today
Hawaii Hawaii Oregon Alaska Oregon Oregon Oregon
Florida North Carolina Massachusetts MaineNorth Carolina New Hampshire
www.sli.do
17
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