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Focus:
• What is your pulse?
• What is Blood pressure?
• How many #’s are recorded?
• What is the difference between them?
PulsePulse
Slide 11.35
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Pulse – pressure wave of blood
Monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated
Figure 11.16
Blood PressureBlood Pressure
Slide 11.36
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries
Systolic – pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction
Diastolic – pressure when ventricles relax
Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases
Measuring Arterial Blood PressureMeasuring Arterial Blood Pressure
Slide 11.37
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.18
Comparison of Blood Pressures in Comparison of Blood Pressures in Different VesselsDifferent Vessels
Slide 11.38
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 11.17
Blood Pressure: Effects of FactorsBlood Pressure: Effects of Factors
Slide 11.39a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Neural factors Autonomic nervous system adjustments
(sympathetic division)
Renal factors
Regulation by altering blood volume
Renin – hormonal control
Blood Pressure: Effects of FactorsBlood Pressure: Effects of Factors
Slide 11.39b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Temperature
Heat has a vasodilation effect
Cold has a vasoconstricting effect
Chemicals
Various substances can cause increases or decreases
Diet
Variations in Blood PressureVariations in Blood Pressure
Slide 11.41
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human normal range is variable Normal
140–110 mm Hg systolic 80–75 mm Hg diastolic
Hypotension Low systolic (below 110 mm HG) Often associated with illness
Hypertension High systolic (above 140 mm HG) Can be dangerous if it is chronic
Factors that Affect Blood Pressure
• Exercise– Regular exercise, along with an active lifestyle, may
decrease blood pressure– adults participate in 150 minutes a week of cardiovascular
exercise such as walking, cycling and swimming
• Nutrition– diet affects the development of high blood pressure
(hypertension)– DASH includes more than eight servings of fruits and
vegetables daily.
Factors that Affect Blood Pressure• Alcohol
– Alcohol is a drug, and regular over-consumption can raise blood pressure dramatically
• Stress– The effects of stress can vary, but long-term,
chronic stress appears to raise blood pressure
• Smoking– Smoking causes peripheral vascular disease– hardening of the arteries– These conditions clearly can lead to heart disease
and stroke and are contributing factors in high blood pressure
Circulatory System
• Closed System
• SubCategories– Pulmonary– Systemic– Coronary
Coronary CirculationCoronary Circulation
Slide 11.12
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium
The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system
Coronary arteries
Cardiac veins
Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary sinus
