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1 General Mathematics (Preliminary Course) | Running Costs & Depreciation Focus Study Driving 2 (FSDr2) Running Costs & Depreciation Name …………………………………………………………………… G. Georgiou

FocusStudyDriving2(FSDr2)! RunningCosts!&! Depreciation!misshamillsclasses.weebly.com/uploads/4/7/3/4/47349341/fsdr2_-_booklet_.pdf · 4! General(Mathematics((Preliminary(Course)(|(Running(Costs(&(Depreciation(((•

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Page 1: FocusStudyDriving2(FSDr2)! RunningCosts!&! Depreciation!misshamillsclasses.weebly.com/uploads/4/7/3/4/47349341/fsdr2_-_booklet_.pdf · 4! General(Mathematics((Preliminary(Course)(|(Running(Costs(&(Depreciation(((•

1   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

 Focus  Study  Driving  2  (FSDr2)  

 Running  Costs  &    Depreciation  

 

         

 Name  ……………………………………………………………………      

     

G.  Georgiou  

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2   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

• Identify  Fuel  Consumption  Measures  as  Rates  • Calculate  the  Amount  of  Fuel  used  on  a  Trip  • Compare  Fuel  Consumption  Statistics  for  Various  Vehicles  • Compare  the  Amount  of  Fuel  Needed  and  Associated  Costs  for  Various  Sizes,  

Makes  and  Models  of  Vehicles,  over  Various  Distances  • Collect  and  Present  Data  on  the  Price  of  Fuel  over  Time  to  Identify  Trends    The  cost  of  running  a  car  will  be  covered  in  an  assignment  you  will  be  given  later  this  year  and  due  in  Term  3.      The  syllabus  points  above  simply  require  you  to  apply  the  knowledge  and  skills  from  in  MM1  and  DA1.  Therefore,  we  will  not  repeat  these  skills  here.      However,  there  are  some  aspects  of  this  unit  that  are  new.  Important  terminology  is  covered  on  the  next  page.

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3   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

Depreciation  is  the  loss  in  value  of  items  (assets)  over  time.      An  asset  can  lose  value  through  age,  wear-­‐and-­‐tear,  or  by  becoming  out-­‐dated  by  new  or  more  efficient  models.    The  most  common  type  of  depreciating  asset  is  a  vehicle.        Salvage  Value:    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................      Initial  Value  /  Purchase  Price:    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................      Total  Depreciation:      ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................      Written  Off:    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................  

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4   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

• Calculate  the  Depreciation  of  a  Vehicle  using  the  Straight-­‐Line  Method    • Create  a  Depreciation  Graph  Based  on  the  Straight-­‐Line  Method  of  

Depreciation  (Graphs  to  be  Produced  from  Formulae  and  Tables)  • Use  Prepared  Graphs  and  Tables  of  Straight-­‐Line  Depreciation  to  Solve  

Problems    The  “straight  line  method”  of  depreciation  means  that  the  product  depreciates  by  the  same  amount  every  time  period.      For  example:  a  car  costs  $20  000  and  depreciates  by  $3000  each  year.  After  the  first  year,  the  car  will  be  worth  $17  000.  After  the  second  year,  the  car  will  be  worth    $14  000.  This  will  continue  until  the  product  is  written  off  (i.e.  $0).                                  A  second  hand  car  is  purchased  for  $16,000  and  depreciates  by  $2,400  per  year.  Use  the  formula  S  =  V0  –  Dn  to  answer  the  following  questions.    (a)  What  is  the  salvage  value  of  the  car  after  3  years?    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    (b)  After  how  many  months  will  the  car  be  worth  half  of  its  purchase  price?    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    

Formula

 Example  1    

S  =  V0  –  Dn    S  =  Salvage  Value  of  Asset  after  n  Time  Periods.  V0  =  Initial  Value  of  Asset  (purchase  price).  D  =  Amount  of  Depreciation  per  Period.  n  =  Number  of  Periods.    

PROVIDED  ON  HSC  FORMULA  SHEET  

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5   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

   A  car  that  is  5  years  old  has  an  insured  value  of  $12,500.  If  the  car  has  depreciated  at  a  rate  of  $2,500  per  year,  calculate  its  purchase  price.    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................        A  car  that  depreciates  at  $6,500  per  year  is  written  off  after  12  years.  Calculate  the  purchase  price  of  that  asset.    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................          An  old  car  purchased  for  $800  depreciates  by  10%  of  the  original  value  each  year.      (a)  Complete  the  table  below.  

   (b)  Use  the  table  in  (a)  to  complete  this  graph.

 Example  2    

 Example  3    

 Example  4    

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6   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

                                   (c)  Calculate  the  gradient  of  this  graph.    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    (d)  What  is  the  relationship  between  the  gradient  and  value  of  depreciation  each  year?  Write  down  a  statement  to  indicate  what  the  gradient  represents.      ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................      (e)  Identify  the  relationship  between  the  vertical  intercept  and  the  initial  value  of  the  graph.  Hence,  indicate  what  the  vertical  intercept  represents.    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................  

Value  of  old  car  

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7   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

   The  graph  below  shows  the  value  of  a  second  hand  car  after  n  years.    

   (a)  What  is  the  original  value  of  the  second  hand  car?      ........................................................................................................................................    (b)  By  what  amount  does  the  car  depreciate  each  year?    ........................................................................................................................................    (c)  Hence,  what  is  the  gradient  of  this  line?    ........................................................................................................................................    (d)  When  the  salvage  value  of  the  car  reaches  $1,200,  the  owner  needs  to  buy  a  new  one.  After  how  many  years  will  the  owner  need  to  buy  a  new  car?      ........................................................................................................................................    (e)  Write  down  the  equation  for  the  salvage  value  of  this  product  in  terms  of  n.      ........................................................................................................................................    

 Example  5    

Value  of  second  hand  car  

Age  of  car  in  years  

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8   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

NOTE:  • The  value  of  V0  is  the  vertical  intercept.  It  gives  the  initial  value  of  the  asset.  

 • The  value  of  D  is  the  gradient  of  the  line.  It  gives  the  rate  of  depreciation.  This  

value  will  always  be  negative.    

• The  “straight  line”  depreciation  formula  is  based  on  y  =  mx  +  b.      

       A  car  with  an  initial  value  of  $20,000  depreciates  at  a  rate  of  $2000  a  year.  Calculate  the  flat  percentage  rate  of  depreciation  per  year.    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................                

Equation   Initial  Value   Rate  of  Depreciation  

S  =  1200  –  50n      

S  =  -­‐30n  +  2000      

S  =  2000  -­‐  0.5n      

    Activity   Ex  8.06  ALL    

 Example  6    

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9   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

• Calculate  the  Depreciation  of  a  Vehicle  using  the  Declining-­‐Balance  Method    • Use  Prepared  Graphs  and  Tables  of  Straight-­‐Line  Depreciation  to  Solve  

Problems    The  straight-­‐  line  method  of  depreciation  assumes  that  the  rate  of  depreciation  NEVER  changes.  This  is  generally  incorrect.  When  products  depreciate,  they  tend  to  depreciate  more  quickly  during  the  first  few  years  and  then  more  slowly  towards  the  end  of  their  life.  Therefore,  a  more  correct  way  of  calculating  depreciation  is  to  deduct  a  certain  percentage  of  the  value  each  time  period.                                    Norm  uses  a  tractor  on  his  property.  This  vehicle  depreciates  at  a  rate  of  22%  p.a.  The  original  value  of  the  tractor  was  $142,500.      (a)  What  is  the  value  of  the  tractor  after  5  years?    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................      (b)  By  how  much  has  the  tractor  depreciated  after  the:    

(i)  First  year?    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    

Formula

 Example  7    

S  =  V0  (1  –  r)  n    S  =  Salvage  Value  of  Asset  after  n  Time  Periods.  V0  =  Initial  Value  of  Asset  (purchase  price).  r  =  Depreciation  Rate  per  Period.  n  =  Number  of  Periods.    

PROVIDED  ON  HSC  FORMULA  SHEET  

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10   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

(ii)  Second  year?    

 ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................          

   ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................          A  car  alarm  system  originally  cost  $600  and  has  a  declining  balance  method  rate  of  depreciation  of  15%  p.a.      (a)  Complete  this  table  by  calculating  the  missing  values.          

 Example  9    

 H.S.C.  Question  (8)  

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11   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

 ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    (b)  Use  the  table  of  values  in  part  (a)  to  complete  this  graph.                                            (c)  Use  the  graph  to  find  out  how  long  it  will  take  for  the  salvage  value  to  reach  $160.      ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    (d)  Use  the  graph  to  calculate  the  salvage  value  after  5  years.    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................  

Value  of  the  car  alarm  system  

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12   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

   Andrew  bought  a  car  that  depreciates  at  three  different  rates:  10%,  20%  or  30%.  The  value  of  the  car  after  n  years  can  be  shown  in  the  graph  below.      

   (a)  Which  graph  represents  depreciation  at  30%  p.a.?     ………………………………………    (b)  What  was  the  original  value  of  the  car?         ………………………………………    (c)  After  8  years,  what  is  the  difference  between  the  largest  and  smallest  salvage  value  of  the  car?    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    (d)  Andrew  wants  to  look  at  the  salvage  values  if  the  depreciation  rate  was  15%  p.a.  Sketch  this  graph  in  relation  to  the  other  three  graphs?    (e)  What  is  the  value  of  the  car  after  6  years  at  a  depreciation  rate  of  20%  p.a.?    ........................................................................................................................................    (f)  What  is  the  depreciation  of  the  car  in  the  second  year  at  a  rate  of  10%  p.a.?    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    

 Example  10    

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13   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

Straight  Line  Method   Declining  Balance  Method  Type  of  function:  

   

Type  of  function:      

Graph:                  

Graph:            

Depreciation  Amount  is  the  same  /  different  every  year.  

Depreciation  Amount  is  the  same  /  different  every  year.  

The  salvage  value  reaches  /  never  reaches    zero.  

The  salvage  value  reaches  /  never  reaches    zero.  

         

   

 H.S.C.  Question  (11)  

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14   General  Mathematics  (Preliminary  Course)  |  Running  Costs  &  Depreciation    

 

   

   ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................    ........................................................................................................................................      

 H.S.C.  Question  (12)  

    Activity Ex 8.07 ALL