PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2017/2018

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

RESORT TERAPUNG DI JEPARA

Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular Rumah Adat Jepara

Fokus Kajian :

Struktur dan Utilitas Bangunan Terapung

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

NOFRIANTI WULANSARI 13.11.0167

Dosen pembimbing :

Dr. Ir. A. RUDYANTO SOESILO. MSA

NIP: 1954 0620 1983 031003

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

September 2017

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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN Proyek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXXII, Semester Ganjil, Tahun 2017/ 2018 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Resort Terapung di Jepara Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular Rumah Tradisional Jepara FokusKajian : Konstruksi dan Utilitas BangunanTerapung Penyusun : Nofrianti Wulansari NIM : 13.11.0167 Pembimbing : Dr. Ir. Rudyanto Soesilo, MSA Penguji : Ir. Etty Endang L, MT

Ir. Albertus Sidharta, MSA

Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

Semarang,25 September 2017 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Dekan

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain,

Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA., PhD.

NIDN. 0626076501

Ketua

Program Studi Arsitektur,

MD. Nestri, ST. MSc.

NIDN. 0627097502

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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Proyek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXXII, Semester Ganjil, Tahun 2017/2018 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur Dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Resort Terapung di Jepara Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular Rumah Tradisional Jepara FokusKajian : Konstruksi dan Utilitas Bangunan Terapung Penyusun : Nofrianti Wulansari NIM : 13.11.0167 Pembimbing : Dr. Ir. RudyantoSoesilo, MSA Penguji : Ir. Etty Endang L, MT

Ir. Albertus Sidharta, MSA

Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

Semarang, 25 September 2017

Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Pembimbing

Dr. Ir. RudyantoSoesilo, MSA

NIP: 1954 0620 1983 031003

Penguji

Ir. Etty Endang L, MT

NIDN. 0616046301

Penguji

Ir. Albertus Sidharta, MSA

NIDN. 0612065701

Penguji

Ir. Ign. Dono Sayoso, MSR

NIDN. 0608075601

iv

SURAT PERNYATAAN

Yang bertanda-tangan dibawah ini, saya:

Nama : Nofrianti Wulansari

NIM : 13.11.0167

Dengan sesungguh-sungguhnya dan atas kesadaran sendiri,

Menyatakan bahwa:

Hasil karya Tugas Akhir yang mencakup Landasan Teori dan Program yang

berjudul:

RESORT TERAPUNG DI JEPARA

Benar-benar hasil karya sendiri:

Pernyataan, gagasan, maupun kutipan baik langsung maupun tidak langsung yang

bersumber dari tulisan atau gagasan orang lain yang digunakan di dalam Landasan

Teori dan Program ini telah saya pertanggungjawabkan melalui catatan perut dan

daftar pustaka, sesuai norma dan penulisan yang berlaku.

Apabila kelak di kemudian hari terdapat buti yang membeberkan bahwa sya

melakukan plagiasi sebagian atau seluruh hasil karya saya yang mencakup

Landasan Teori dan Program ini, maka saya bersedia untuk menerima sanksi sesuai

peraturan yang berlaku di Program Arsitekur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain UNIKA

Soegijapranata, Semarang; gelar dan ijazah yang telah saya peroleh akan

dinyatakan batal dan akan saya kembalikan kepada UNIKA Soegijapranata,

Semarang.

Demikian, surat pernyataan ini dibuat dengan sebenar-benarnya dan sesungguh-

sungguhnya, dan dengan segenap kesadaran maupun kesediaan saya untuk menerima

segala konsekuensinya.

Semarang, 2 Oktober 2017

Yang menyatakan

Nofrianti Wulansari

v

PRAKATA

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat-Nya sehingga

Landasan Teori dan Program Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 72 ini dapat terselesaikan

dengan baik. Landasan Teori dan Program ini berjudul Resort Terapung di Jepara

yang merupakan persyaratan kelengkapan untuk Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 72,

Fakultas Aristektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.

Landasan Teori dan Program yang dibuat dapat terlaksana dengan baik atas

dukungan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak yang terkait. Penulis mengucapkan

terimakasih kepada:

1. Dr, Ir. Rudyanto Soesilo, MSA, selaku dosen pembimbing dan Proyek Akhir

Arsitektur 72.

2. Jajaran dosen dan staff yang terkait dalam proses Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 72. 3. Kedua orang tua, keluarga, teman-teman serta pihak-pihak lain yang telah

membantu baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung

Berharap dengan disusunnya Landasan Teori dan Program ini dapat memberikan

gambaran mengenai Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 72 yang berjudul Resort Terapung di

Jepara. Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan terima kasih.

Semarang, 2 Oktober 2017

Nofrianti Wulansari

vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN COVER ...............................................................................................................i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................................ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................................iii SURAT PERNYATAAN .........................................................................................................iv PRAKATA ................................................................................................................................v DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................................vi DAFTAR BAGAN.................................................................................................................. ix DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................................. x BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek.................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Gagasan Awal ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Alasan Pemilihan Judul ............................................................................................ 3

1.1.2.1 Kepentingan Mendesak (Urgency) ................................................................. 3 1.1.2.2Kebutuhan (Need) .............................................................................................. 4 1.1.2.3Keterkaitan (Relevancy) .................................................................................... 5 1.1.2.4Ketertarikan (Interest) ......................................................................................... 6

1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan................................................................................ 6 1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan...................................................................................................... 7

1.3.1 Deskripsi Proyek ....................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Analisa Program Arsitektural................................................................................... 8 1.3.3 Program Arsitektur .................................................................................................... 8 1.3.4 Kajian Teori................................................................................................................ 8

1.4 Metoda Pembahasan ...................................................................................................... 8 1.4.1 Metoda Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................... 8 1.4.2 Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisis........................................................................ 10 1.4.3 Metoda Pemrograman ........................................................................................... 10 1.4.4 Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ........................................................................... 11

1.4.4.1 Konsep Perancangan Arsitektur.............................................................. 11 1.4.4.2 rancangan Skematik pengembangan ..................................................... 11 1.4.4.3 Pembuatan Detail ...................................................................................... 12

1.4.5 Bagan Metoda Perancangan ................................................................................ 13 1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 14 BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK ............................................................................................... 16 2.1 Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................................................. 16

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum.................................................................................................... 16 2.1.1.1 Fungsi dan Tugas Utama ......................................................................... 17 2.1.1.2 Karakteristik ................................................................................................ 18

2.1.2 Latar Belakang - Perkembangan - Trend ........................................................... 18 2.1.3 Sasaran yang Akan Dicapai ................................................................................. 20

2.1.3.1 Arsitektur ..................................................................................................... 20 2.1.3.2 Masyarakat.................................................................................................. 20 2.1.3.3 Pemerintah .................................................................................................. 21

2.2 Tinjauan Khusus............................................................................................................. 21 2.2.1 Terminologi .............................................................................................................. 21 2.2.2 Kegiatan (Pelaku, Fasilitas, dan Prasarana) ...................................................... 23

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2.2.2.1 Fasilitas ....................................................................................................... 23 2.2.2.2 Pelaku dan Aktivitas .................................................................................. 28 2.2.2.3 Prasarana.................................................................................................... 32

2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain.................................................................... 36 2.2.3.1 Spesifikasi Proyek............................................................................................ 36 2.2.3.2 Persyaratan Desain ......................................................................................... 42

2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Kabupaten............................................................................... 44 2.2.4.1 Potensi Kabupaten ......................................................................................... 48 2.2.4.2 Urgensi ............................................................................................................. 53 2.2.4.3 Relevansi ......................................................................................................... 53

2.2.5 Studi Kasus Proyek Sejenis .................................................................................. 53 2.2.5.1 Kumbalangi Aquatic Floating Resort ........................................................... 54 2.2.5.2 500 rai Floating Resort .................................................................................. 56

2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ........................................................................................... 59 2.2.6.1 Arsitektur............................................................................................................ 59 2.2.6.2 Bangunan........................................................................................................... 59 2.2.6.3 Lingkungan ........................................................................................................ 60

2.3 Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan ........................................................................ 60 2.3.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................................. 60 2.3.2 Batasan .................................................................................................................... 61 2.3.3 Anggapan ................................................................................................................. 61

BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ..................................... 62 3.1 Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur..................................................................................... 62

3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas .......................................................................................................... 59 3.1.1.1 Pengelompokkan kegiatan ............................................................................. 62 3.1.1.2 Pengelompokkan Pelaku Aktivitas ................................................................ 70 3.1.1.3 Pola Aktivitas Pelaku ....................................................................................... 71

3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas .......................................................................................................... 73 3.1.2.1 Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang ...................................................................... 74 3.1.2.2 Persyaratan Ruang .......................................................................................... 78 3.1.2.3 Pola Sirkulasi Ruang ....................................................................................... 80 3.1.2.4 Analisa Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku ............................................................. 84

3.1.3 Studi Ruang Khusus ............................................................................................... 90 3.1.3.1 Cottage .............................................................................................................. 90 3.1.3.2 Studi Besaran Bangunan dan PArkir............................................................ 94

3.1.3 Studi Citra Arsitektural......................................................................................... 100 3.2 Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ................................................................... 101

3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ................................................................ 101 3.2.1.1Studi Sistem Struktur ..................................................................................... 101 3.2.1.2Studi Sistem Enclosure ................................................................................. 110

3.2.2 Studi Sistem Pencahayaan dan penghawaan................................................. 117 3.2.2.1 Pencahayaan ................................................................................................. 117 3.2.2.2 Penghawaan .................................................................................................. 121

3.2.3 Studi Sistem Utilitas............................................................................................. 123 3.2.3.1 Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih......................................................................... 123 3.2.3.2 Sistem Pengolahan Limbah ....................................................................... 125 3.2.3.3 Pengelolaan Sampah................................................................................... 127 3..2.3.4 Pemadam Kebakaran ................................................................................. 128 3.2.3.5 Sistem Telekomunikasi ................................................................................ 131

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3.2.3.6 Elektrikal ......................................................................................................... 131 3.2.3.7 Sistem Keamanan ........................................................................................ 132

3.3 Analia Konteks Lingkungan ....................................................................................... 133 3.3.1 Analisis Pemilihan Tapak .................................................................................... 134

3.3.1.1 Studi Luas Tapak .......................................................................................... 134 3.3.1.2 Alternatif Tapak ............................................................................................. 136

BAB IVPROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .................................................................................. 143 4.1 Konsep Program ......................................................................................................... 143

4.1.1 Aspek Citra ........................................................................................................... 143 4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi ........................................................................................................ 143 4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi................................................................................................... 143

4.2 Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ................................................................................................................ 144

4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ........................................................................................... 144 4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ............................................................................ 144 4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ..................................................................... 145

4.3 Program Arsitektur ...................................................................................................... 147 4.3.1 Program Kegiatan dan fasilitas ......................................................................... 147 4.3.2 Program Besaran Ruang .................................................................................... 150 4.3.3 Program Sistem Struktur dan Pelingkup ........................................................... 152 4.3.4 Program Pencahayaan dan Penghawaan ........................................................ 153 4.3.5 Program Sistem Utilitas ....................................................................................... 155 4.3.4 Program Lokasi dan Tapak ................................................................................. 157

BAB VKAJIAN TEORI ........................................................................................................ 165 5.1 Kajian Teori TemaDesain ........................................................................................... 165

5.1.1 Uraian Teori Penekanan Desain Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular.......................... 165 5.1.2 Studi Preseden Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular ...................................................... 168 5.1.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan............................. 173

5.2 Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ....................................................................... 174 5.2.1 Uraian Permasalahan Dominan ......................................................................... 175

5.2.1.1 Konstruksi Bangunan Terapung ............................................................ 175 5.2.1.2 Utilitas Pada Bangunan Terapung ........................................................ 181

5.2.2 Studi Preseden...................................................................................................... 182 5.2.3 Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan.............................. 184

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................... 186

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DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1.1 Metode Perancangan...................................................................................... 13 Bagan 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Sebuah Resort ............................................................. 29 Bagan 3.1 Struktur Organisasi Resort ............................................................................ 70 Bagan 3.2 Aktivitas Pengunjung ....................................................................................... 71 Bagan 3.3 Aktivitas Pengelola .......................................................................................... 72 Bagan 3.4 Pola Sirkulasi Kegiatan Utama ..................................................................... 80 Bagan 3.5 Pola Sirkulasi Kegiatan penunjang ............................................................... 81 Bagan 3.6 Pola Sirkulasi Pengelolaan ............................................................................ 82 Bagan 3.7 Pola Sirkulasi Kegiatan Pelayanan............................................................... 83 Bagan 3.8 Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih ........................................................................... 123 Bagan 3.9 Desalinasi air laut ............................................................................................ 124 Bagan 3.10 Jaringan Limbah Cair ................................................................................... 126 Bagan 3.11 jaringan Air Hujan .......................................................................................... 126 Bagan 3.12 Jaringan Limbah PAdat ............................................................................... 127 Bagan 313 Alur pemadam kebakaran............................................................................. 130 Bagan 3.14 Alur distribusi Listrik ..................................................................................... 132

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Tipe Kamar Pada Sebuah Resort .................................................................. 24 Tabel 2.2 Analisa Pelaku Resort...................................................................................... 31 Tabel 2.3 Analisa Pengunjung Resort............................................................................. 32 Tabel 2.4 Analisa Prasarana ............................................................................................ 36 Tabel 2.5 FaktorTimbulnya Resort .................................................................................. 38 Tabel 2.6 Empat Karakteristik Resort.............................................................................. 39 Tabel 2.7 Klasifikasi Resort .............................................................................................. 41 Tabel 2.8 Tinggiwilayah diatas permukaan laut............................................................. 47 Tabel 2.9 Topografi Kecamatan Jepara ......................................................................... 48 Tabel 2.10Laporan Kunjungan Wisatawan .................................................................... 51 Tabel 2.11 Prosentase Tamu datang dan bermalam di hotel ..................................... 52 Tabel 3.1 Kelompok Kegiatan Utama.............................................................................. 63 Tabel 3.2 Kelompok Kegiatan penunjang ....................................................................... 64 Tabel 3.3 Kelopok Kegiatan kepengelolaan ................................................................... 65 Tabel 3.4 kelompok Kegiatan Service ............................................................................ 66 Tabel 3.5 Analisa Aktivitas Berdasarkan Pengguna ..................................................... 69 Tabel 3.6 Analisa Pendekatan kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................... 76 Tabel 3.7 kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................................................ 77 Tabel 3.7 Persyaratan Ruang ........................................................................................... 79 Tabel 3.6 Analisa Jumlah pengelola................................................................................ 84 Tabel 3.7 Statistik Jumlah Wisatawan Jepara ............................................................... 86 Tabel 3.8 Prosentase JUmlah Pengunjung Hotel ......................................................... 88 Tabel 3.9 Prosentase jumlah pengunjung hotel di Jepara .......................................... 88 Tabel 3.10 Jumlah Hotel Berbintang di Jepara ............................................................. 89 Tabel 3.11 Besaran Ruang Unit Penerima .................................................................... 95 Tabel3.12 Besaran Ruang Unit Pengelola ..................................................................... 95 Tabel 3.13 Besaran Ruang unit Penunjang .................................................................... 97 Tabel 3.14 Jenis Lampu .................................................................................................... 121 Tabel 4.1 kelompok Kegiatan Utama .............................................................................. 147

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Tabel 4.2 Kelompok Kegiatan Penunjang ....................................................................... 147 Tabel 4.3 Kelompok Kegiatan pengelola ........................................................................ 149 Tabel 4.4 Kelompok Kegiatan Pelayanan ....................................................................... 150

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gb. 2.1 Letak Kabupaten Jepara dalam konstalasi Jateng ......................................... 45 Gb. 2.2 Peta kabupaten Jepara ....................................................................................... 46 Gb. 2.3 Peta Udara Aquatic Floating Resort.................................................................. 54 Gb. 2.4 Exterior Aquatic Floating Resort ........................................................................ 54 Gb. 2.5 Kolam Renang Aquatic Floating Resort ........................................................... 55 Gb. 2.6 Kamar Aquatic Floating Resort .......................................................................... 55 Gb. 2.7 View 500 rai .......................................................................................................... 56 Gb. 2.8 Detail bangunan 500 raai ................................................................................... 57 Gb. 2.9 Kamar 500 rai resort ............................................................................................ 57 Gb. 2.10 Kolam renang 500 rai resort ............................................................................. 58 Gb. 3.1 Furniture pada kamar resort ............................................................................... 91 Gb. 3.2 Analisa Kamar suite ............................................................................................. 91 Gb. 3.3 Analisa Superior roonm ....................................................................................... 93 Gb. 3.4 Analisa Standard room ........................................................................................ 94 Gb. 3.5 Pondasi Apung HDPE ......................................................................................... 103 Gb. 3.6 Pondaasi Apung EPS.......................................................................................... 103 Gb. 3.7 Pondasi Apung Kayu ........................................................................................... 104 Gb. 3.8 Pondasi Apung Bamboo ..................................................................................... 104 Gb. 3.9 Pondasi Batu Belah ............................................................................................. 105 Gb. 3.10 Pondasi footplat .................................................................................................. 105 Gb. 3.11 Pondasi rakit ....................................................................................................... 106 Gb. 3.12 Struktur Skeleton ................................................................................................ 106 Gb. 3.13 Attaced Mooring System ................................................................................... 108 Gb. 3.14 Tiang Pancang.................................................................................................... 109 Gb. 3.15 Spread Mooring System.................................................................................... 109 Gb. 3.16 Keramik ............................................................................................................... 111 Gb. 3.17 Marmer................................................................................................................. 111 Gb. 3.18 Vinyl ...................................................................................................................... 111 Gb. 3.19 Karpet .................................................................................................................. 112 Gb. 3.20 Batu bata ............................................................................................................. 112 Gb. 3.21 Kalsiboard ........................................................................................................... 113 Gb. 3.22 Partisi Kaca......................................................................................................... 113 Gb.3.23 ACP...................................................................................................................... 113 Gb. 3.24 Gypsum Board ................................................................................................... 114 Gb. 3.25 PVC...................................................................................................................... 114 Gb. 3.26 Sirap..................................................................................................................... 115 Gb. 3.27 UPVC ................................................................................................................... 115 Gb. 3.28 Polycarbonate ..................................................................................................... 116 Gb. 3.29 Roof Glass........................................................................................................... 116 Gb. 3.30 lampu TL.............................................................................................................. 118 Gb. 3.31 Lampu SL ............................................................................................................ 118

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Gb. 3.32 Lampu Halogen .................................................................................................. 119 Gb. 3.33 Lampu LED ......................................................................................................... 119 Gb. 3.34 Tapak 1................................................................................................................ 136 Gb. 3.35 Peta Tapak 1 ...................................................................................................... 136 Gb. 3.36 FotoUdara Tapak 2............................................................................................ 138 Gb .3.37 Foto Udara Tapak 3 ......................................................................................... 140 Gb. 3.38 Peta Tapak 3 ...................................................................................................... 140 Gb. 4.1 Proses Pendinginan Udara................................................................................. 154