Food and Nutrition

Unit 2 The Food Consumer

2.1 Define terms related to food technology

Budgetan orderly program for spending, saving and investing the money you earn to achieve desired goals

Caterersomeone who owns a business in which food and beverages are prepared for small and large parties, banquets, weddings, and other large gatherings

Conservationprotecting the environment and natural resources against waste and harm

Consumer Advocate

someone who acts or intercedes on the behalf of another who buys goods or services

Dieticiana health care professional who had training in nutrition and diet planning

Entrepreneura person who owns and runs his or her own business

Food and Drug Administration An agency in charge of ensuring the safety of all foods sold except meat, poultry, seafood and eggs

Food Scientistexperts who work with the sources of nutrients for living things

Meal Managersomeone who controls and directs resources to get a job done correctly, efficiently, and on time

Multi-taskingfitting tasks together to make the best use of time; doing two tasks at the same time.

Nutrition Labelingan analysis of a food product’s contribution to an average diet that appears on the product packaging

Open datingA system of putting dates on perishable and semi-perishable foods to help consumers obtain products that are fresh and wholesome.

– meat, poultry, eggs, dairy products

Pre-cyclingthinking about how packaging materials can be reused or recycled before buying a product

Pre-preparationany step done in advance to save time when getting a meal ready

Semi prepared foods

a convenience food that still requires some preparation before being served

United States Department of

AgricultureAn agency that monitors the safety and quality of poultry, eggs, and meat products

Work Work SimplificationSimplificationdoing a job in the easiest, simplest, and quickest way possible

Family and Consumer Sciences

Framework 2.2

Identify resources to consider in planning

meals

Meal Planning• Planning a meal begins with a menu,

which is a list of the foods to be served at a meal.

• Meals are often planned with several courses, which is a part of a meal made up of all the foods served at one time.– appetizer– soup– salad– main dish– dessert

Steps to meal planning

1. Choose the main dish

2. Select a grain food to accompany the main dish or serve a bread instead

3. Select 1-2 vegetable side dishes

4. Choose a salad

5. Select a dessert and/or appetizer

6. Plan a beverage

Framework 2.3 List considerations in

appealing and nutritious meals

Food Preference

• Studies have shown that people like some groups of food better than others.

• People find vegetables, salads, and soups least appealing.

• They like breads, meats and desserts best.

Flavor

• A mixture of taste, aroma, and texture– The four basic tastes recognized by

the human taste buds are sweet, sour, salty and bitter.

Flavor

• Aroma is closely associated with flavor. – When you make a food, it will taste

even better to you if it has a good smell.

• Do not repeat similar flavors.

Color• When used correctly, color not only

appeals to the eyes, but also stimulates the appetite.

• Garnishes can add color to a meal.• Make sure you vary the colors of the

foods in a meal.

Texture• Texture is the feel of food in the mouth.• Work toward a balance between soft an solid foods.• Avoid serving 2 or more chopped, creamed or mashed dishes

together.

Shape and Size

• Avoid serving several foods made up of small pieces.

• Be sure to use variety

Temperature

• Hot foods should be hot and cold foods should be cold.

• Foods served lukewarm do not usually stimulate the senses of taste and sight.

• The activity, size, sex and age of the family members will affect food needs.-Athletes eat more than office workers.

-After age 12, it cost more to feed boys than it does to feed girls.

-It cost more to feed teenagers than it does to feed senior citizens

-Health problems must be consider when planning food needs.

Framework2.4 Discuss planning for food

shopping

• The person preparing the meals must consider the following before shopping for food:– family food budget– time to prepare the meal– his/her cooking abilities – food preferences

A good meal manager knows :• how similar products differ in quality and nutrition• can compare prices on a per serving basis• recognize seasonal food values• choose quality meats and produce• when to use convenience foods and semi

prepared foods

Using a Shopping List

• Helps save time

• Avoids extra trips

• Helps stick to your food budget

2.5 Describe sources of information to use in making informed food purchases

1. The meal manager must decide where to shop for food purchases.

• supermarkets-vary in size, carry both food and nonfood items, may have deli and bakeries, some offer home delivery, check cashing/credit, pharmacy and banking services

• discount supermarkets- large quantities at reduced prices, may not carry fresh meat or produce, may have to sack own groceries

• 24 hr. conveniences stores -always open, large or small, higher prices

• specialty stores -carry one specific product ex. dairies, bakeries, butcher shops, ethnic markets

• outlet stores -reduced prices from individual food manufacturers, may not meet quality standards for retail sale, but safe and nutritious

• food co-ops -owned and operated by a group of consumers, food is purchased in bulk so prices are low, limited to members of the co-op

• farmers’ market -sells directly from the farmer to the consumer, often fresher produce at lower prices

• roadside stands -smaller than a farmer’s market, run by one family, specializes in home grown fruits and vegetables

2. Some areas offer electronic shopping which allows the consumer to go on-line to create a grocery list to be filled and delivered to the consumers home or purchase hard to find items

3. In order to make informed choices consumers must be able to comparison shop by considering not only by brand name, but grades of food.

4. Consumers must be aware that packaging costs are involved in their purchases. By precycling excessive packaging can be avoided

5. Most stores offer shelf tags that allow consumers to compare unit pricing to determine if they are getting the most for their food dollar.

Food Additives

• Substances added for a specific purpose– Add nutrients– Preserve quality– Aid processing or preparation– Enhance flavors or colors

• GRAS list- additive “Generally Recognized as Safe” by the FDA

2.6 Name government agencies that regulate food safety

• FDA (Food and Drug Administration) an agency in charge of ensuring the safety of all foods sold except meat, poultry, seafood and eggs

• USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) an agency that monitors the safety and quality of poultry, eggs, and meat products

Food Labels

• The common name and form

• Volume or weight of the contents

• Name and address of the manufacturer

• List of ingredients according to weight

Nutritional Labeling

• Required• Serving size• Servings per container• Calorie information• Nutrients• Daily values• Percent daily values based on a 2000-

calorie diet

Universal product code

• UPC- series of lines, bars, and numbers that appears on packages of food and nonfood items.

Open dating

• Open dating- uses dates consumers can clearly recognize on perishable and semi-perishable foods

• Pack date- the day a food was manufactured or processed and packaged

• Pull or sale date- the last day a store should sell a product

• Expiration date- the last day a consumer should use or eat a food

• Freshness date- found on bakery products like bread and rolls