FOOD QUALITY

ASSURANCE

Presented by

Dr. VIMALA BEERAAssistant Professor

Department of Food & Industrial MicrobiologyCollege of Food Science & Technology

Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University

Three day Residential Training Programme on BEST PRACTICES at AP HRDI, Bapatla

Quality Assurance

Covers everything from raw materials and GMP verification through finished-product release

HACCP is part of QA

A process, not an end-point

Must be independent of financial pressures

Must ensure that quality policies are followed

Must have final authority in product acceptance, rejection and release to public

Food

Contaminated with chemicalspesticides and fertilizers

Adulterated food

Junk food

Coloring agents

Genetically modified food (Ifnot labelled)

Baby food

Tonics

Health drinks

Food adulteration

The process of lowering the nutritivevalue of food either by removing a vitalcomponent or by adding substances ofinferior quality, is called foodadulteration. The substance that is used tolower the quality is known as adulterant.

Adulterants found in food

Food Item Adulterant

Food grains and grams Marble pieces, sand particles, claygilts, soap stone pieces

Pulses Kesari dhal – Colours

Wheat flour, Maida Powdered lime ,Talcum powder

Turmeric powder (Haldi) Metanil yellow

Pepper Dry papaya seeds

Chilli powder Coloured saw dust

Sweets Colours not permitted

Honey Jaggery, Sugar

Tea Coloured tea leaves after removingthe essence

Effects of adulteration on human

health

Symptoms like headache, gastro-intestinal disorders, muscular pain, drowsiness etc., appear, if adulterated food substances are used regularly

Health effects of Metanil yellow

Causes Cancer a coal-tar dye used to brighten the colour of pulses,

turmeric powder and sweet meats

Positive effects

Health effects of Caffeine Negative effects

Increased attention &

alertness,

Reduces fatigue

Anxiety & addiction

Increased

metabolic rate

Lower risk of diabetes

Lower risk of cardio

vascular diseases

Increased blood pressure

Reduced control of fine

motor movements

Stimulation of urination

Health effects of Argemone oil

• Causes a disease known as dropsy

• Watery fluid collecting in some parts of the body is the main symptom

• It affects the normal functioning of the body

• It may also paralyse the limbs

Detection of

food

adulterants

Tea powder : Iron filings, Coal Tar Dye

Health effect: Highly carcinogenic and extremely poisonous

Spread the tea leaves on a paper

Draw a magnet over it

Iron filings if present, are attracted bythe magnet

Spread the tea leaves on a

moistened blotting paper

Appearance of red or pink colour spots after 5 minutes indicates presence of coal tar

dye

Soji (Rava) : Iron filings

Spread the soji on a paper

Draw a magnet over it

Iron filings if present, are attracted bythe magnet

Add about 5 gms of soji is

sprinkled on water

The sand particles sink and soji floats

Rice and Wheat : Sand grit, Marble pieces,Soap stone pieces

Visually detected and removed by sorting,

handpicking and washing

Common Salt : Sand, grits, chalk powder and Iron fillings

Salt dissolves

Add a tea spoon of salt to a glass tumbler containing water

Sand, Chalk powder and grit settle at the bottom

Health effect: May lead to appendicitis

Coffee powder : Tamarind seed powder,Chicory seeds

Add two teaspoons of coffee powder to water in a tumbler

Coffee powder floats and the

adulterants sink

Cooking oil : Argemone oil

Take about 5 mls of cooking oil in a test tube

A reddish brown colour appearsif argemone oil is present in it

Add 5 ml of concentrated nitricacid to it

Take a tea spoon full of butter or ghee in a test tube

Ghee and butter : Vanaspathi

Add Concentrated hydrochloric acid and a pinch of sugar to it

Stir well and allow to settle for five minutes

Crimson red colour appears in the lower layer if vanaspathi is present in the

sample

Take a slanting glass plate

Drop few drops of milk on it

If flows slowly leaving a white trail behind

Pure milk

If flows quickly leaving no trail

Milk mixed with water

Milk : Water

Lactometer test: Density of milk: 1.026

Milk (Cont...)

Milk : Urea

If blue color appears after 10 minutes indicates presence of urea

Take 5ml of milk in a test tube

Add 2drops of bromo thymol blue solution

Turmeric powder : Metanil yellow

Take extract of turmeric from water

To it add a few drops of HCl

If colour appears instantaneously and if the colour

persists even after addition of water

It indicates the presence of

Chilli powder : Brick powder

Chilli powder will float

Add a small amount of chilli powder to a

glass of water

Brick powder will settle at the bottom

Health effect: Can cause loss of vision, respiratory and digestive problems

Mangoes : Calcium carbide (CaC)

Symptoms

• If colour is uniform

• If dark green patches appear on the surface of the mangoes

Health effect: Can lead to headache,dizziness, nausea andneurological problems

Apples : Wax coating

Symptoms

• Shiny and glossy appearance

• Scratch the surface lightly a thin layer peels off, and it iswax

Health effect: Can harm digestive systemand also leads to ulcers and gastric problems

Mustard seeds : Argemone seeds

Argemone seeds

• Distinguishing characteristic is rough surface • On pressing , seed is in color

Mustard seeds

• Smooth surface• On pressing, seed is in color

Ice-cream : Washing powder

Take few grams of icecream

Add some lemon juice to it

If bubbles appear, it indicates the presence of washing powder

Health effect: Can cause severe stomach and lung disorders

Sugar : Chalk powder

Sugar dissolves

Add a tea spoon of sugar to a glass

tumbler containing water

Sand, Chalk powder and grit settle at the bottom

Honey : Molasses

If it burns when ignited with stick with cracking

sound, it is adulterated

Water a cotton wick dipped in pure honey

***Presence of water will not allow the honey to burn if it is pure

Conclusion

In rural areas, the problem is more distressing than inurban zones. Therefore, awareness campaigns andmonitoring agencies of the government are required

Since consumers are at the end of food chain, theyshould form associations and fight for their rights toget safe foods

With rapid growth in urbanization, more attention isneeded for more efficient food processing anddistribution systems to make food not only readilyavailable but free from adulteration and contamination

Thank You