“It takes four months to ship food aid and 40

percent of the cost is in the shipping. People cannot eat shipping costs. We have had

peopledie when there are

surpluses in the markets.” ~Andrew Natsios

How to Feed the WorldIPOL 8585 International Organizations

Professor LauranceBy Masahide Kokubun , Erina McWilliam,

Victoria Powell, and James Reavis

Presentation OutlineFood Security as a Global Issue

Food Regime

Evaluation Technique

Realist/Institutional

Principal-Agent

Bureaucracies

Final Thoughts

Questions

Food Security: A Global Issue

Type of Institution

Coordination

Commons Core Values

Non-state Action Red CrossFAINCGIAR

Food FirstWorld VisionOxfam

Internal Control Domestic Ag. Policy

Domestic Ag. Policy

USAID

Mutual recognition

NAFTA NAFTA

Consensual rules Food Aid Convention

Delegation WFP/ FAO

Withdrawal WTO

Global Food Security ActorsWhose Got the Spoon?

Evaluation Perspectives

External Performance

Implications

Managing the Global Food IssueRealism vs. Institutionalism

The Food Regime Under a Principal-Agency Analysis Who is Calling the Shots?

State IO

Principal to Agent

Performance Implications:•Dysfunctional Pathology•“Eye of the Beholder”•Mission Creep

Bureaucracies in Food IO’sThe internal culture of an IO decides its successes or failures

Internal Performance Implications:•Inefficiencies•Conflicting Mandates and Interests•Overlapping Policies

Promote domestic production

Gradually reduce price-distorting agricultural subsidies

Reduce market influence on food aid

Moving Up the Food Chain

External Internal Delineate IO’s

roles

More AutonomyPeople-centric vs.

State-centric

Greater NGO involvement

Alternative funding methods

Final Thoughts

Food Security is a multifaceted and overarching global issue

IOs are addressing the issue through various methods, some successful, others less so

Overall performance is…

“If the misery of the poor be caused not by the laws of nature, but

by our institutions, great is our sin.”

~Charles Darwin