FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering Section 13-3 Cell Transformation

FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

Chapter 13Genetic Engineering

Section 13-3Section 13-3Cell TransformationCell Transformation


Cell Transformation

Key ConceptKey Concept::

During TransformationDuring Transformation

1.1. A Cell Takes In DNA From Outside A Cell Takes In DNA From Outside The Cell.The Cell.

2.2. This External DNA Becomes Part Of This External DNA Becomes Part Of The Cell’s DNA.The Cell’s DNA.


Transforming Bacteria

• PlasmidsPlasmids–Found In BacteriaFound In Bacteria• Small Circular Pieces Of DNASmall Circular Pieces Of DNA

• Has DNA Sequence That Functions Has DNA Sequence That Functions As Origin For ReplicationAs Origin For Replication–This ensure that once in the bacteria, This ensure that once in the bacteria,

it will be replicatedit will be replicated



• PlasmidsPlasmids (cont.) (cont.)–Contains A Contains A Genetic MarkerGenetic Marker• A Gene That Labels The Bacteria As A A Gene That Labels The Bacteria As A

Plasmid CarrierPlasmid Carrier–For Example: Resistance To For Example: Resistance To

AntibioticsAntibiotics»Allows Transformed Cells To Be Allows Transformed Cells To Be

IdentifiedIdentified




Transforming Plant Cells

• Transform Bacteria With Plant Tumor Transform Bacteria With Plant Tumor Plasmid (Plasmid (Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciens))– Scientists Inactivate Plant Tumor GeneScientists Inactivate Plant Tumor Gene– Insert Foreign DNAInsert Foreign DNA– Recombinant Plasmid Then Transforms Recombinant Plasmid Then Transforms

Plant CellsPlant Cells



• Cultured Plant Cells With Cell Walls Cultured Plant Cells With Cell Walls Removed Will Sometimes Absorb DNARemoved Will Sometimes Absorb DNA

• DNA May Be Injected Directly Into Plant DNA May Be Injected Directly Into Plant Cells (Cells (Gene GunGene Gun))

• Cells Then Grown Into Adult PlantsCells Then Grown Into Adult Plants



Key ConceptKey Concept::If Transformation Is Successful, The If Transformation Is Successful, The Recombinant DNA Is Integrated Into Recombinant DNA Is Integrated Into One Of The Chromosomes Of The One Of The Chromosomes Of The CellCell




Transforming Animal Cells

Egg Cells Large EnoughEgg Cells Large Enough::–DNA Injected Into NucleusDNA Injected Into Nucleus• Enzymes Normally Responsible For Enzymes Normally Responsible For

DNA Repair & Recombination May Insert DNA Repair & Recombination May Insert DNA Into ChromosomesDNA Into Chromosomes



• Recombinant DNA Contains Markers Recombinant DNA Contains Markers Allowing Transformed Cells To Be Allowing Transformed Cells To Be IdentifiedIdentified



Scientists Can Knock Out Single GenesScientists Can Knock Out Single Genes

– Flanking Sequences In New DNA Can Flanking Sequences In New DNA Can Remove A Host Cell Gene or Replace Remove A Host Cell Gene or Replace It With A New GeneIt With A New Gene


Knocking Out Genes

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FOOTHILL HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering Section 13-3 Cell Transformation