For More Charge Use Li, For Maximum Charge, Use FMC’s SLMP™ Technology

Rev. Capacity(mAh/g)

Average V vs.Graphite (V)

Energy(Wh/kg)

EMD/Graphite+SLMP 200 2.9 580

LiMn2O4/

Graphite110* 3.9 429

LiCoO2/

Graphite158* 3.7 585

*LiMn2O4 delivers only 90-100mAh/g, and LiCoO2 130-142mAh/g in actual Li-ion cells because of the irreversible capacity loss on the anode side, unless SLMP is used.

Traditional Systems versus EMD/Graphite with SLMP

1-888-Lithium • www.fmclithium.com

©2008 FMC Corporation. All rights reserved. FMC logo, Lectro, and SLMP are trademarks of FMC Corp.1 US 5,567,474; US 5,776,369; US 5,976,403; US 6,706,447; US 7,276,314, and other patents pending.

First Cycle Efficiency Improvement in LiCoO2/Graphite System Using SLMP

(Data courtesy of MaxPower Corporation)

First Cycle Efficiency Improvement in Silicon Composite Material using SLMP

(Data courtesy of Shin Etsu Corporation, Japan)

The Energy For Life3

Li6.941

• SLMP can be used with new anode materials that have high irreversible and high reversible capacities and/or are lower in cost. These new anode materials can be optimized for cell performance and increased cell capacity over today’s systems.

• SLMP can be used in combination with non-lithiated cathodes where it provides all the lithium required by the system. Non-lithiated cathodes like manganese, vanadium, or other metal oxides and metal fluorides, which are lower in cost, can be more effectively utilized and have the potential for revolutionizing battery system performance.

• EMD (electrolytic MnO2) delivers 35% more energy than LiMn2O4, and similar energy to LiCoO2

• EMD has no overcharge issues, unlike LiCoO2 and other similar Li-metal-oxides

• EMD is also low cost (<$2/kg), environmentally safe and in abundant supply

Benefits of SLMP TechnologyLectro Max Powder provides an independent source of lithium for Li-ion batteries, which opens up the choices of both anode and cathode materials to meet today’s and future market demands. • Li supplied from SLMP is more cost effective than Li

supplied from LiCoO2 cathode • SLMP can be customized to meet specific customer

requirements • With SLMP, the synthesis of advanced composite materials

can be carried out using simple processes

FMC’s proprietary stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMPTM), sold as Lectro® Max Powder, and its revolutionary technology enables the battery industry to meet the cost, safety and performance challenges of the Li-ion market and new applications such as HEV/PHEV/EV. The cost and safety of battery systems can be improved through the control of the lithium content and the use of non-lithiated cathodes, all while enhancing the battery performance.

Stabilized Lithium Metal Powder Technology • Provides an independent source of Li for Li-ion systems • Breaks the current limitation that all Li has to come from

the cathode • Allows the use of non-lithium providing cathode materials

that are more overcharge tolerant with potentially larger capacities

Incorporation of SLMP into the BatterySLMP can be incorporated through industrially scalable methods: • Surface Application: an SLMP suspension is applied to

the prefabricated anode sheet • Slurry Application: conventional electrode preparation

method is employedLectro Max Powder is safe to handle in a dry room atmosphere. Studies conducted at -40oC dew point show less than 1% loss in metallic lithium content after 50 hrs. SLMP’s stability is the result of a passivation layer controlled in the range of 10 nm to 200 nm, which makes this material non-pyrophoric and allows it to be transported by air and sea.

SLMP as an Independent Source of Li• SLMP can be applied in an existing Li-ion system by

partially lithiating the anode to compensate for the irreversible capacity of the graphite. This leads to a 5 to 15% improvement in capacity, depending on the type of carbonaceous materials used, without a voltage change in the system.