for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plansenvfor.nic.in/sites/default/files/Offiste emergecy plan guidelines.pdf · 1.2 Responsibility for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan

@2011 Ministry of Environment and Forests.

Government of India. Paryavaran Bhawan,

Lodhi Road, New Delhi-110003

RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS

Copying and/ or transmitting portions or

all of this report without permission and/

or attribution may be a violation of the

copyrights law. MoEF encourages the wide

dissemination and use of this report.

All queries should be directed to the office of

H S M Division, Ministry of Environment and

Forests, Paryavaran Bhawan, Lodhi Road,

New Delhi-110003 (India)

The guidelines for Off-site-Emergency Plan have been prepared by M/s PRESTELS Consultants, Pune.

This work was awarded by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.

Chapter - 1 : Introduction .................................................................................................................A-1

1.1 Need for Off-site Emergency Plan .............................................................................................................................................A-1

1.2 Responsibility for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan .............................................................................................A-1

1.3 The need for Preparation of Guidelines for Off-site Emergency Plan ...........................................................................A-1

1.4 Scope of Guidelines .......................................................................................................................................................................A-2

1.5 Organisation of Guideline document ......................................................................................................................................A-2

Chapter - 2 : Context, Compliance and Future Course of Off-site Emergency Plan ....................A-3

2.1 Historical Background and Recent Past ..............................................................................................................................................................A-3

2.2 Future Course of Off-site Emergency Plan Post Disaster Management Act, 2005 ..................................................A-3

2.2.1 Off-site Emergency Plan and District Disaster Management Plan .................................................................A-3

2.2.2 Co-existence of District Crisis Group (DCG) and District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) ................................................................................................................................A-4

Chapter - 3: Rules and Regulation Pertaining to Off-site Emergency Plan .................................A-5

3.1 Important Regulations for Management of Chemical (and other) Disasters .............................................................A-5

3.2 Salient Features of Important Regulations ............................................................................................................................A-5

3.2.1 The MSIHC Rules, 1989 ..................................................................................................................................................A-5

3.2.2 The CA (EPPR) Rules, 1996 ............................................................................................................................................A-7

3.2.3 The Disaster Management Act, 2005 .......................................................................................................................A-7

3.3 Essential Responsibilities Assigned under Important Regulations ...............................................................................A-7

3.3.1 The MSIHC Rules, 1989 ..................................................................................................................................................A-7

3.3.2 The CA(EPPR) Rules, 1996..............................................................................................................................................A-7

3.3.3 The Disaster Management Act, 2005 ........................................................................................................................A-8

Contents

PART - A : Guidelines for Off-site Emergency Management Plan .................................................A-1

Chapter - 4 : Guidelines for Preparation of Off-Site Emergency Plan ...........................................A-9

4.1 Statutory Responsibility ................................................................................................................................................................A-9

4.2 Essential Authorities and Agencies: .........................................................................................................................................A-9

4.3 Preparation Process for the Plan ............................................................................................................................................. A-10

Stage 1: On-site Compliance ..................................................................................................................................................... A-10

Stage 2: Information Details from On-site Plan ................................................................................................................. A-10

Stage 3: Off-site Plan Draft 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... A-11

Stage 4: Technical Discussion(s): ............................................................................................................................................. A-11

Stage 5: Off-site Plan Draft 2: ................................................................................................................................................... A-11

Stage 6: Plan Presentation(s) .................................................................................................................................................... A-11

Stage 7: Off-site Plan Draft 3: ................................................................................................................................................... A-11

Stage 8: Plan Approval ............................................................................................................................................................... A-11

Chapter - 5 : Guidelines on Content of Off-site Emergency Plan ...............................................A-13

5.1 Schedule 12 of MSIHC Rules ..................................................................................................................................................... A-13

5.2 Template for Off-site Emergency Plan .................................................................................................................................. A-13

Chapter - 6 : Guidelines on Management, Implementation and the use of Off-site Emergency Plan ..........................................................................................A-14

6.1 Maintenance of Off-Site Emergency Plan ............................................................................................................................ A-14

6.2 Communication and Authorisation for Implementation of plan in case of an Emergency .............................. A-14

6.3 Use of Plan as a Ready-Reckoner in case of an Emergency ........................................................................................... A-15

6.4 Use of Plan for Resource Gap Analysis and Development ............................................................................................. A-15

6.5 Mock Drills and Off-site Emergency Plan ............................................................................................................................. A-15

6.6 Important Roles to Ensure Benefit from Off-Site Plan .................................................................................................... A-16

6.6.1 Role of District Collector (or the DEA) .................................................................................................................. A-16

6.6.2 Role of Factory Inspector In-Charge of District .................................................................................................. A-16

6.7 District Emergency Authority (DEA) ...................................................................................................................................... A-16

6.8 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................................................... A-17

ANNEXURE A : List of Relevant Statutes on Management of Hazardous Substances ................................................. A-18

ANNEXURE B : List of Chemical Accidents in Recent Past (2002-06) .................................................................................. A-19

PART - B : Template for Off-Site Emergency Management Plan

Edition History ........................................................................................................................................................................................... B-3

Directory of Key Responders in the District ................................................................................................................................... B-4

Chapter -1 : Enforcement of Plan ..................................................................................................... B-5

1.1 Statement by the District Collector (or the DEA) ................................................................................................................. B-5

1.2 Statement by the Officer Appointed to Carry Out the Maintenance and Upkeep tasks of the Plan ............... B-5

1.3 Commitment of Responders ....................................................................................................................................................... B-5

Chapter - 2 : Introduction, Use and Control of Off-site Emergency Plan ...................................... B-6

2.1 Background to Off-Site Emergency .......................................................................................................................................... B-6

2.2 Off-site Emergency ......................................................................................................................................................................... B-6

2.3 Off-site Emergency Plan and its Use ......................................................................................................................................... B-7

2.3.1 Pre-Emergency Use ......................................................................................................................................................... B-7

2.3.2 During Emergency Use .................................................................................................................................................. B-7

2.3.3 Post-Emergency Use ....................................................................................................................................................... B-7

2.4 Scope of Off-site Emergency Plan ............................................................................................................................................. B-7

2.5 Declaration of Off-Site Emergency and Enforcement of Plan ......................................................................................... B-7

2.6 Possessors of the Off-Site Emergency Plan and the Maintenance Officer of the Off-Site Emergency Plan ........... B-7

2.7 Review and Amendment of Plan ............................................................................................................................................... B-8

2.8 Dovetailing of On-Site Emergency Plans with this Plan .................................................................................................... B-8

2.9 Annexing of this Plan with District Disaster Management Plan ..................................................................................... B-9

Chapter - 3 : District Profile ............................................................................................................ B-10

3.1 Map of District ...............................................................................................................................................................................B-10

3.2 Description of Map and other Geographic Information .................................................................................................B-10

3.3 Demographic Information .........................................................................................................................................................B-10

3.4 Meteorological Information .......................................................................................................................................................B-10

3.5 Important Activities/Events/Festive Events in District .....................................................................................................B-10

3.6 Directory of Responders in the District ................................................................................................................................B-11

Chapter - 4 : Identification of Hazards .......................................................................................... B-12

4.1 Introduction to Hazards ..............................................................................................................................................................B-12

4.2 MAH Unit Installations .................................................................................................................................................................B-12

4.3 Transportation of Hazardous Goods.......................................................................................................................................B-12

Chapter - 5 : Identification of Emergency Scenarios and Delineation of Vulnerable Zones ..... B-14

5.1 Introduction to Emergency Scenarios and Vulnerable Zones ......................................................................................B-14

Emergency Scenarios ...................................................................................................................................................................B-14

Methodology for Calculation of Vulnerable Zones Prescribed by MOEF .................................................B-14

Toxic Exposure ................................................................................................................................................................B-14

Heat Radiation (Pool Fire, Flare, BLEVE) ..................................................................................................................B-15

Explosion ..........................................................................................................................................................................B-15

Use of Vulnerability Templates ..................................................................................................................................B-15

Computer Models ..........................................................................................................................................................B-16

Use of specific information ........................................................................................................................................B-16

5.2 Emergency Scenarios in MAH Installations ..........................................................................................................................B-16

5.3 Domino Effect Emergency Scenarios .....................................................................................................................................B-17

5.4 Other Emergency Scenarios Including Fall-Outs of Natural Disasters ......................................................................B-17

5.5 Development of Vulnerability Templates .............................................................................................................................B-17

Chapter - 6 : Identification of Emergency Resources ................................................................... B-18

6.1 Introduction to Emergency Resources ..................................................................................................................................B-18

6.2 Police ..............................................................................................................................................................................................B-18

6.3 Fire ..............................................................................................................................................................................................B-18

6.4 Medical Aid ......................................................................................................................................................................................B-19

6.5 Other Emergency Infrastructure .............................................................................................................................................B-19

6.6 Evacuation – Transport and Sheltering ..................................................................................................................................B-19

6.7 Technical Resources ......................................................................................................................................................................B-20

6.7.1 Technical Experts Directory .......................................................................................................................................B-20

6.7.2 Emergency Response Data Sheets (ERDS) ............................................................................................................B-20

6.8 Media Resources ............................................................................................................................................................................B-20

6.9 Other Emergency Resources .....................................................................................................................................................B-21

Chapter - 7 : Roles and Responsibilities ........................................................................................ B-22

7.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................................B-22

7.2 Responsibilities of Authorities and Agencies ......................................................................................................................B-22

7.2.1 District Emergency Authority (DEA – District Collector) ................................................................................B-22

7.2.2 Police .................................................................................................................................................................................B-22

7.2.3 Fire Service Department .............................................................................................................................................B-23

7.2.4 Medical Department ....................................................................................................................................................B-23

7.2.5 Factory Inspectorate Department ...........................................................................................................................B-23

7.2.6 Occupier of MAH Unit ..................................................................................................................................................B-23

7.2.7 Technical Experts ..........................................................................................................................................................B-23

7.2.8 Mutual AID Groups ........................................................................................................................................................B-23

7.2.9 Pollution Control Board ...............................................................................................................................................B-23

7.2.10 Transport Fleet Owners Including State Transport ............................................................................................B-24

7.2.11 Media .................................................................................................................................................................................B-24

7.2.12 Railways .............................................................................................................................................................................B-24

7.2.13 Transporter of Hazardous Chemical .......................................................................................................................B-24

7.2.14 Electricity Board .............................................................................................................................................................B-24

7.2.15 Telecommunication Department ............................................................................................................................B-24

7.2.16 Aviation Department....................................................................................................................................................B-24

7.2.17 Civil Defence ..................................................................................................................................................................B-24

7.2.18 Home Guards ..................................................................................................................................................................B-24

7.2.19 National Disaster Response Force ...........................................................................................................................B-24

7.2.20 Local Government Bodies ..........................................................................................................................................B-25

7.2.21 NGOs ..................................................................................................................................................................................B-25

7.2.22 Public Works Department ...........................................................................................................................................B-25

7.2.23 Water Supply Board ......................................................................................................................................................B-25

7.2.24 Civil Supplies Department .........................................................................................................................................B-25

7.2.25 Animal Husbandry Department ...............................................................................................................................B-25

7.2.26 Agriculture Department ..............................................................................................................................................B-25

7.2.27 Regional Transport Authority ....................................................................................................................................B-25

7.2.28 Other Members of DCG ...............................................................................................................................................B-25

7.2.29 Coasts Guards and Port Trusts (in case of emergency situation in coastal areas) ..................................B-25

7.3 Emergency Organisation Chart of Roles ..............................................................................................................................B-25

7.4 Emergency Behaviour of Public at Large ..............................................................................................................................B-26

1. Panic ..............................................................................................................................................................................................B-26

2. Curiosity or Excitement ...........................................................................................................................................................B-27

3. Purposeful Exploitation of situation ...................................................................................................................................B-27

7.5 Specific Actions Required by Public at Large and Communication to them ...........................................................B-27

Chapter - 8 : Emergency Response Plan ........................................................................................ B-28

8.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................................B-28

8.2 Enforcement and Implementation of Plan ...........................................................................................................................B-28

8.3 Marriage of Chapter 5, 6, 7 ..........................................................................................................................................................B-28

8.4 Discharging and Co-Ordination of Roles and Responsibilities ....................................................................................B-28

Chapter - 9 : Post-Emergency Restoration .................................................................................... B-29

9.1 Calling off Emergency .................................................................................................................................................................B-29

9.2 Controlling Long-Term Damage ..............................................................................................................................................B-29

9.3 Investigation Studies and Reporting ......................................................................................................................................B-29

9.4 Compensation and Settlements ..............................................................................................................................................B-29

Chapter - 10 : Past Accidents in the District .................................................................................. B-30

Chapter - 11: Mock Drills ................................................................................................................ B-31

ANNEXURE 1 Declaration of Off-site Emergency ....................................................................................................................B-32

ANNEXURE 2 Possessors of the Copy of Off-site Emergency Plan ....................................................................................B-33

ANNEXURE 3 Communication of Change in Copy of this Plan to all Possessors of the Copy of Off-site Emergency Plan .....................................................................................................................B-34

ANNEXURE 4 Communication of Change in Positions, Address and Phone Numbers to the Maintenance Officer of the Plan .................................................................................................................B-35

ANNEXURE 5 Calling off the Declared Off-site Emergency..................................................................................................B-36

ANNEXURE 6 Submission of Report on Long Term Damage or its Possibility ..............................................................B-37

ANNEXURE 7 Investigation Reporting .........................................................................................................................................B-38

ANNEXURE 8 Mock Drill Reporting ...............................................................................................................................................B-39

ANNEXURE 9 Sample ERDS for Chlorine .....................................................................................................................................B-40

PART - C : Work book on Prestels - PAC Analysis

PAC Analysis for Emergency Scenarios ........................................................................................... C-3

Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................................C-3

P-A-C ................................................................................................................................................................................................C-3

Person ................................................................................................................................................................................................C-3

Action ................................................................................................................................................................................................C-3

Communication ...............................................................................................................................................................................C-3

Explanation of Columns on the PAC sheet ......................................................................................................................................C-3

Person ................................................................................................................................................................................................C-3

Action ................................................................................................................................................................................................C-3

Communication ..............................................................................................................................................................................C-3

Remarks ...............................................................................................................................................................................................C-4

Serial Numbering Rules for PAC Sheet .....................................................................................................................................C-4

Benefits of PAC ..........................................................................................................................................................................................C-4

PAC Analysis for Emergency Scenarios - Explanation Sheet .....................................................................................................C-5

Case Study 1 - Chlorine Leak ................................................................................................................................................................C-6

Scenario...............................................................................................................................................................................................C-6

Development ....................................................................................................................................................................................C-6

PAC Analysis .......................................................................................................................................................................................C-8

Prestels PAC Analysis for Emergency Scenarios - Illustration Purpose Only ...............................................................C-8

Case Study 2 - Transportation Emergency ................................................................................................................................... C-15

Scenario............................................................................................................................................................................................ C-15

Development ................................................................................................................................................................................. C-15

PAC Analysis .................................................................................................................................................................................... C-16

Prestels PAC Analysis for Emergency Scenarios - Illustration Purpose Only ............................................................ C-16

Role of Incident Controller and Site Controller........................................................................................................................... C-20

Incident Controller ................................................................................................................................................................................ C-20

Site Controller ......................................................................................................................................................................................... C-20

Temporary Assumption of Roles ...................................................................................................................................................... C-21

Glossary of Terms................................................................................................................................................................................... C-22

References ............................................................................................................................................................................................. C-24

Key Contributors .................................................................................................................................................................................... C-25

ABBREVIATION

1. Address (O, R) - Office (O) and Residence (R) Address

2. BLEVE - Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion

3. CA(EPPR) Rules - Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response)

Rules, 1996.

4. CCoE - Chief Controller of Explosives

5. CCG - Central Crisis Group

6. CIF - Chief Inspector of Factories

7. Contact (O, R, M) - Is phone number of Office (O), Residence (R) and Mobile (M)

8. DCG - District Crisis Group

9. DDMA - District Disaster Management Authority

10. DDMP - District Disaster Management Plan

11. DEA - District Emergency Authority

12. DG - Director General

13. DGFASLI - Director General, Factory Advice Services and Labour Institutes

14. DMA - Disaster Management Act, 2005

15. EC - European Community

16. ECC - Emergency Control Centre

17. ERV – Emergency Response Vehicle

18. ELSA - Emergency Life Saving Apparatus

19. EPA - Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

20. ERDS - Emergency Response Data Sheet

21. F&EI - Fire and Explosion Index

22. GOI - Government of India

23. IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health

24. LCG - Local Crisis Group

25. LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas

26. MAH - Major Accident Hazard

27. MCLS - Maximum Credible Loss Scenario

28. MIC - Methyl Isocyanate

29. MOEF - Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India

30. MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet

31. MSIHC Rules - Manufacturer, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989

32. NDMA - National Disaster Management Authority

33. NDRF - National Disaster Response Force

34. NIDM - National Institute of Disaster Management

35. NIOSH - National Institute of Occupational, Safety and Health, USA

36. NGO - Non-Governmental Organisation

37. OEP - Off-site Emergency Plan

38. PCB - Pollution Control Board

39. PLIA - Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991

40. PPE - Personal Protective Equipment

41. RTA - Regional Transport Authority

42. SCBA - Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

43. SCG - State Crisis Group

44. TPQ - Threshold Planning Quantity

45. UT - Union Territory

46. UVCE - Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion

The Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govern-

ment of India, proposes to notify the guidelines for

preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan as stipulated

in rule-14 of the Manufacture, Storage and Import of

Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 to manage chemi-

cal accidents that spill outside the plant boundary

leading to Off-Site emergency.

This report on Guidelines for Preparation of Off-site

Emergency Plans addresses the following topics:

Preparation of Off-Site Emergency Plan �

Contents of the Off-Site Emergency Plan �

Management, Control and Use of the Off-site �

Emergency Plan, and

Implementation of Off-site Emergency Plan �

This report provides guidance to the preparation,

management and implementation process of the

Off-site Emergency Plan and is published to realize

the goal of an efficient and effective chemical

disaster management system in the Country. This

report is organised in three parts as follows:

Part A: Guidelines for Off-site Emergency Management Plan

The guideline recommends an eight stage approach

for preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan. The

adherence to this approach is vital to the off-site

emergency management process. This approach

has been outlined in section 4.3 of Chapter 4 of the

guideline document.

Part B: Template for Off-Site Emergency Management Plan

It is desirable that Off-site emergency plans drawn

up across the country are of a standard character

and include all the necessary elements of the off-

site emergency management. The NDMA guidelines

on Chemical Disaster, April 2007 clearly spell out this

need. Towards this endeavour, a template to assist

preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan has been

prepared. The template plan forms a part of Chapter

5 of the guidelines document and has been attached

separately as Part B.

Part C: Workbook for PAC Analysis

PAC (Person-Action-Communication) analysis for

emergency scenarios is introduced. The PAC analysis

ensures clarity of roles and responsibilities, brings

out the gap in technical resources and lays in place

the specifics of emergency communication. The

PAC analysis sheet with its explanation is attached

separately as Part C of this document. Two PAC

analyses have been attached as examples. The purpose

is, however, to introduce the concept of PAC analysis.

Executive Summary

Guidelines

for

Off-site Emergency

Management Plan

(Also see Part B and Part C)

Part - A

Guidelines for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan | A-1 |

Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Need for Off-site Emergency Plan

Societal need

The effects of a major accident in an industrial set

up are not always restricted to the boundaries of

the industrial installation. They may spill over to the

community and the environment in vicinity.

Therefore, the Government authorities and emer-

gency agencies (hereinafter referred as the ‘authori-

ties and agencies’) are required to prepare them-

selves and be in a state of readiness at all times to

limit the consequences of any such emergency to

protect the people and the environment. A system-

atic approach is required to plan and prepare the

authorities and agencies to tackle any emergency

due to hazardous chemicals.

Statutory need

The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous

Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, 1989 and the Chemical

Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and

Response) [CA(EPPR)] Rules, 1996 provide a statutory

structure for controlling major hazards posed by

hazardous chemicals.

The rule 13(1) of MSIHC Rules requires the occupier

of any Major Accident Hazard (MAH) installation

to prepare and On-site Emergency Plan. Likewise,

the rule 14(1) of MSIHC Rules requires the District

Authorities to prepare an Off-site Emergency Plan.

The Plan is required to be prepared in consultation

with the occupiers of MAH installation in the area.

1.2 Responsibility for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan

Statutory

The MSIHC Rules, 1989 via its Schedule-5 assigns the

responsibility of preparation of Off-site Emergency

Plan of a district to the District Collector of the

district as the District Emergency Authority (DEA)

or other authority, if such is explicitly designated

by the State Government. The Chief Inspector of

Factories (CIF) appointed under the Factories Act,

1948 is required to assist the DEA in the preparation

of the Off-site Emergency Plan. The other authorities

whose assistance shall be sought by the DEA

wherever applicable in the preparation of Off-site

Emergency Plan are the Chief Inspector of Dock

Safety appointed under the Dock Workers (Safety

Health and Welfare) Act, 1986, Chief Inspector of

Mines appointed under the Mines Act, 1952, Atomic

Energy Regulatory Board appointed under Atomic

Energy Act, 1972, the Chief Controller of Explosives

appointed under the Indian Explosives Act and

Rules, 1983.

1.3 The need for Preparation of Guidelines for Off-site Emergency Plan

Role of Guidelines

It has been observed that the Off-site Emergency

Plan are being made with varying contents

| A-2 | Guidelines for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan

and there is a need to develop a uniform

structure of the Off-Site Emergency Plan. This

requirement has been indicated in the National

Disaster Management Guidelines on Chemical

Disasters, 2007

It is envisaged that an outlay of uniform structure for

the Off-site Emergency Plan will greatly facilitate the

preparation of plans as well as the use, monitoring

and implementation of the plans.

1.4 Scope of Guidelines

This document of Guidelines on Preparation of Off-

site Emergency Plan will lay out the guidelines for

4 – point Scope

Preparation of Off-Site Emergency Manage- �

ment plan

Contents of the Off-Site Emergency Manage- �

ment plan

Management, Control and Use of Off-site Emer- �

gency Management Plan

Implementation of Off-site Emergency Manage- �

ment plan

1.5 Organisation of Guideline document

Chapters

This Guideline document is organized in �

chapters and sub-sections there of:

Chapter 2 gives the context, compliance and �

future course of the Off-Site Emergency Plan

Chapter 3 deals with the Rules and Regulation �

pertaining to Off-Site Emergency Plan

Chapter 4 gives the guidelines for Preparation �

of Off-Site Emergency Plan

Chapter 5 gives the guidelines on content of �

Off-Site Emergency Plan

Chapter 6 gives the guidelines on management, �

Implementation and the use of Off-site Emer-

gency Plan.


Chapter 2

2.1 Historical Background and Recent Past

The Flixborough, Bhopal, Mexico City and Seveso

disasters led to recognition of the potential of

hazardous chemicals to cause major emergencies.

The Government of India enacted various

regulations and provided for institutional and

organizational set up for prevention, control

and management of chemical emergencies and

disasters in the country.

Past Accidents

A list of chemical accidents in the recent past (2002-

2006) has been provided in Annexure B to outline

the nature and type of chemical accidents we have

encountered in the past.

The proper implementation of the enacted

regulations and responsible functioning of the

authorities and timely actions by the agencies

has seen benefits in dealing with the chemical

disasters.

2.2 Future Course of Off-site Emergency Plan Post Disaster Management Act, 2005

Off-site Emergency Plan envisaged as per Schedule

12 of the MSIHC rules provide for good control and

management over chemical disasters in the country.

The off-site emergency management plan is a vital

tool to help mitigate the consequence of a chemical

disaster through effective planning of resources. The

plan also serves as a handy reference to the various

emergency response agencies.

Post DMA

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 (DMA) now

provides for preparation of Disaster Management Plan

for every district. An off-site emergency falls within

the purview of ‘disaster’ as defined in the DMA. The

distinguishing feature between off-site emergency

such as a toxic gas release and a natural disaster such

as earthquake is that the former can be averted by

implementation of proper controls while the latter

a matter of providence. The Off-site Emergency Plan

needs to focus on the industrial hazards with due

consideration to the technical aspects of response

and mitigation. The offsite emergency plans must

be annexed to the district disaster management

plan and draw, for its implementation, the necessary

provisions made under the DMA.

2.2.1 Off-site Emergency Plan and District Disaster Management Plan

The district emergency management plan prepared

under DMA shall address all disasters including

chemical disasters and natural disasters such as

earthquake floods, tsunami among others. The

aspects of general disaster management in case

of an emergency shall find a common province

between the Off-site Emergency Plan and Disaster

Management Plan. However, the Off-site Emergency

Context, Compliance and Future Course of Off-site Emergency Plan


Plan requires additional technical considerations

such as assessing the damage and delineation

of vulnerable zone, identification and availability

of particular fire-fighting resources and personal

protective equipments for likely chemical fires,

supply of antidotes required in case of toxic releases,

foreseeing domino effects and initiating preventive

measures among others. The offsite emergency plan

can facilitate a response suitable to the nature of

chemical disaster.

2.2.2 Co-existence of District Crisis Group (DCG) and District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)

It is observed that the response strategies for natural

disasters and chemical disasters are essentially

different. The administrative authorities may be the

same in some regards. However, chemical disaster

management additionally requires participation

from industrial units and technical expert agencies.

The role of authorities is more in scope when it

concerns chemical disaster. For example, the fire

department authorities need to ensure adequacy

on knowledge and equipment in dealing with

various types of chemical fires. Likewise the medical

department authorities need to have knowledge

on various antidotes required and ensure their

availability. Hence, it is felt that DCG as provided

by CAEPPR, 1996 and DDMA as provided under

DMA, 2005 should co-exist. Their meetings may be

suitably clubbed since they share membership from

common authorities.


3.1 Important Regulations for Management of Chemical (and other) Disasters

List of Regulations

The MSIHC Rules, 1989, the CA(EPPR) Rules, 1996

(both made under the Environmental Protection

Act, 1986), and the Disaster Management Act,

2005 are important regulations providing for the

management of chemical disasters in the country.

A list of regulations concerning or relevant to

industrial and transportation hazards is provided in

Annexure A

Three regulations mentioned above ummarized

as follows in terms of salient features and essential

responsibilities assigned

Chapter 3

Rules and Regulation Pertaining to Off-site Emergency Plan

3.2 Salient Features of Important Regulations

3.2.1 The MSIHC Rules, 1989

Salient Features MSIHC

The MSIHC Rules, 1989 provide for identification

of hazards and lay down provisions for their

control. It defines the MAH unit via its Schedule

2 or 3 based on quantities of hazardous

chemicals stored or handled at an industrial unit,

respectively. It provides for preparation of On-

site and Off-site Emergency Plans. It essentially

establishes a three-tier control on industrial

units of hazardous nature. The following diagram

elucidates the classification of industrial units

and control actions required.


Source: A Guide to the Chemical Accidents (Emergency, Planning, Preparedness And Response) Rules, 1996 and On-site and Off-site Emergency Plan by H.N. Mirashi.

MSIHC Rules - Control Action


3.3 Essential Responsibilities Assigned under Important Regulations

3.3.1 The MSIHC Rules, 1989

Responsibility MSIHC

The MSIHC Rules, 1989 via its Schedule-5 assigns

the responsibility of preparation of the Off-

site Emergency Plan of a district to the District

Collector of the district or the District Emergency

Authority, if such is explicitly designated by the

State Government. The Chief Inspector of Factories

appointed under the Factories Act, 1948 is required

to assist the District Collector (or the DEA, as the case

may be) in the preparation of the Off-site Emergency

Plan. The other authorities whose assistance shall

be sought by the District Collector (or the DEA)

wherever applicable in the preparation of Off-site

Emergency Plan are the Chief Inspector of Dock

Safety appointed under the Dock Workers (Safety

Health and Welfare) Act, 1986, Chief Inspector of

Mines appointed under the Mines Act, 1952, Atomic

Energy Regulatory Board appointed under Atomic

Energy Act, 1972, the Chief Controller of Explosives

appointed under the Indian Explosives Act and

Rules, 1983.

3.3.2 The CA(EPPR) Rules, 1996

Responsibility CA (EPPR)

The CA(EPPR) Rules, 1996 calls for the formation of

District Crisis Group along with Central Crisis Group,

State Crisis Group and Local Crisis Group. The

CA(EPPR) Rules, 1996 via Schedule-7, designates the

DEA of the district as the Chairman of the District

Crisis Group. Rule 9 of the CA(EEPR) Rules specifies

3.2.2 The CA (EPPR) Rules, 1996

Salient Features CA (EPPR)

The CA(EPPR) Rules, 1996 complement the

MSIHC Rules, 1989 and provide much needed

statutory backup for crisis management setup and

organisational support to ensure preparation of Off-

site Emergency Plan and its implementation.

A four tier set up has been envisaged under the

CA(EPPR) Rules namely, the Central Crisis Group

(CCG) at national level, the State Crisis Group (SCG)

at state level, District Crisis Group (DCG) at district

level and Local Crisis Group (LCG) at the level of

an industrial estate/pocket. The rules spell out the

constitution, functions and powers of the CCG, SCG,

DCG and the LCG.

3.2.3 The Disaster Management Act, 2005

Salient Features DMA

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 provides for

the formation of District Disaster Management

Authority (DDMA) along with State Disaster

Management Authority (SDMA) and National

Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). The Act

enlists the powers and functions of the DDMA

in Section 30 and also provides in Section 34, for

special powers and functions in case of a threatening

disaster situation.

The disaster as per DMA, 2005 shall include events

of forces of nature such as earthquake, floods, and

tsunami as well as events originating from activities

of man-kind including industrial or chemical

disasters.


the District Crisis Group as the apex body in the

district to deal with major chemical accidents and

to provide expert guidance for handling chemical

accidents.

3.3.3 The Disaster Management Act, 2005

Responsibility DMA

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 calls for estab-

lishment of District Disaster Management Author-

ity for every district. The District Collector, District

Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner as the case

may be is declared as the ex-officio chairman of the

District Disaster Management Authority as per Sec-

tion 25 (2) (a) of the Act. Section 30 of the Act lists

the powers and functions of the District Authority in

event of a disaster. The section summarily assigns to

the District Authority, the responsibility of planning

for disaster management, taking appropriate mea-

sures for prevention of disaster and ensuring pre-

paredness for a disaster as well as for co-ordinating

and implementing response in event of a disaster.


4.1 Statutory Responsibility

The MSIHC Rules, 1989 via its Schedule-5 assigns

the responsibility of preparation of the Off-site

Emergency Plan of a district to the District Collector of

the district or District Emergency Authority, if such is

explicitly designated by the State Government. Chief

Inspector of Factories appointed under the Factories

Act, 1948 is required to assist District Collector (or

DEA as the case may be) in preparation of the Off-

site Emergency Plan. The other authorities whose

assistance shall be sought by the District Collector

(or DEA as the case may be) wherever applicable in

the preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan are the

Chief Inspector of Dock Safety appointed under

the Dock Workers (Safety Health and Welfare) Act,

1986, Chief Inspector of Mines appointed under the

Mines Act, 1952, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board

appointed under Atomic Energy Act, 1972, the Chief

Controller of Explosives appointed under the Indian

Explosives Act and Rules, 1983.

4.2 Essential Authorities and Agencies

The essential authorities and agencies whose

participation is vital in the Off-site Emergency Plan

process in preparation of the plan, and its control,

monitoring and execution are collectively referred

to as the Responders in this document. The list of

responders among the primary responders viz. the

Police, the Fire and Rescue Department, Medical

Department is given here with a brief outline of their

responsibilities. For detailed responsibilities please

refer to Chapter 7 of Part B of this document.

RespondersThe District Collector (or the District Emergency �

Authority, if such is explicitly designated by the

State Government under the MSIHC Rules, 1989):

Overall management and mitigation of off-site

emergency. Ensure that all responding agencies

work harmoniously and efficiently

The Police : � Cordoning and crowd control, evacu-

ation of people if necessary

The Fire and Rescue Department: � Fire-fighting

and rescue

The Medical Department including State Medi- �

cal officers, Medical and Hospital Associations,

Doctors Associations among others: Administra-

tion of medical help to victims

The Inspectorate of Factories: � Issue orders and

direction to the factory; also ensure necessary ad-

vice from technical experts

Occupier of MAH unit (where off-site emergency �

has occurred): Overall responsibility to combat

onsite emergency, and coordination with District

Collector and other responders to help combat

Offsite emergency

The Technical Experts Group: � Render expert

technical advice for combating Emergency

Mutual Aid Groups: � Mobilise resources to mitigate

emergency

The Pollution Control Board: � Assess and control

pollution damage

Transport Fleet Owners including State Trans- �

port : Provide vehicles (with drivers and fuel) for

evacuation

Media (Television, Radio, Newspaper): � Dissemi-

nation of vital information to public, avoid spread

Chapter 4

Guidelines for Preparation of Off-Site Emergency Plan


of rumours

Railways: � To stop railway traffic as directed by

Collector

Transport company owner in case of transpor- �

tation accidents: Coordinate district collector, po-

lice and fire brigade during

The Electricity Board : � Ensure uninterrupted power

supply, also supply at temporary shelters

Telecommunication Department: � Ensure efficient

working of communication lines

Aviation Department : � Make available resources

like helicopters if required to combat emergency

The Civil Defence: � To assist police in their role

Home Guards: � To assist police in their role

National Disaster Response Force: � Mitigation of

the emergency/disaster as required

Local Government Bodies � viz. the Panchayat,

Corporations, Municipal Corporations as the

case may be: Mobilise resources for combating

emergency and also make shelters available for

evacuees

NGO bodies: � Aid and assist the responding

agencies

PWD: � Ensure adequate water supply for fire

fighting, and also for drinking at shelters

Water Supply Board: � Ensure adequate water

supply for fire fighting, and also for drinking at

shelters

Civil Supplies (Food and Water Supply) �

Department to Evacuees: Arrangement of food,

clothing etc. for evacuees

Animal Husbandry Department: � Taking care of

the cattle in the affected area, including evacuating

and sheltering

Agriculture Department: � Protect food grains and

standing crop

The Regional Transport Authority (RTA): � Enquiry

into transport emergency (Chemical)

Other Members of DCG, if any: � Assist and act as

per directions of the District Collector

In case of emergencies in coastal belts, i) Coast �

Guards, ii) Port Trusts: Provide assistance in

emergency mitigation

It is essential to include the participation of all the

responders in the making of Off-site Emergency Plan.

4.3 Preparation Process for the Plan

An eight stage approach is recommended for the

preparation of the off-site emergency management

plan. (see Table 1: Eight stage approach to the

preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan).

Stages in Plan Preparation

Stage 1: On-site ComplianceIt is essential that all hazards within the vulnerable in-

dustrial units are identified and possible consequences

of the hazards are projected before the commence-

ment of the preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan.

It is responsibility of occupier of every MAH unit un-

der rule 13(1) of the MSIHC rules to prepare an on-site

emergency plan. The factory inspector in-charge of the

district shall ensure that all MAH units in the district

have prepared an on-site emergency plan.

Stage 2: Information Details from On-site Plan The onsite plans of MAH units in a district should

be complete in all details and furnish the important

the elements for incorporation into the off-site plan.

The assigned agency (see below) shall extract the

relevant information from the on-site plans. If details

of such information are missing or are inadequate the

assigned agency shall recommend these additions

or inclusions to the onsite plan of the MAH unit. The

MAH unit shall be given a time period of 15 days to

incorporate the recommendations made. The lapse

by the MAH unit to comply shall be brought to the

notice of the concerned inspector of factories who


shall proceed with appropriate action in this regard.

Stage 3: Off-site Plan Draft 1It is prudent to appoint an agency either government

or private for preparation and compilation of Off-

site Emergency Plan. The agency appointed to

this effect is referred to as Assigned Agency. The

assigned agency may be appointed by the Factory

Inspector of the District in consultation with the Chief

Inspector of Factories. The Assigned Agency must be

technically competent to compile and prepare the

off-site plan based on the vulnerabilities projected

in the on-site plan. The Assigned Agency shall have

to make required presentations suggested in Stage

3 and Stage 5 of this process. The Assigned Agency

shall compile, modify and fine-tune the Off-site

Emergency Plan till it satisfies the District Collector

(or the DEA), the Factory Inspector of the District and

other members of the DCG.

Stage 4: Technical Discussion(s): The projections made in the Off-site Emergency Plan

have to be considered for their technical soundness.

Additional deliberations may be required concerning

the projection domino effect of on-site disasters,

which may build up even more severe emergency

scenarios at the district level. The proper dovetailing

of off-site plan with the individual on-site plan needs

to be ensured. Hence, the presence of occupier and

concerned officers from every MAH unit is essential

in this discussion round to ensure that off-site plan

dovetails with his particular on-site plan. Factory

Inspector in-charge of the district, members of PCB,

technical experts shall attend this discussion round.

Other members may be invited by the Assigned

Agency in consultation with the factory inspector

whose participation shall be beneficial to this round.

Stage 5: Off-site Plan Draft 2: Following the technical discussion(s), the Assigned

Agency shall prepare Draft 2 of the plan incorporating

the necessary additions or modifications in light

of the issues raised and matter agreed to at the

technical discussions.

Stage 6: Plan Presentation(s)On compilation of Draft 2 of the plan, the Assigned

Agency shall make a presentation to all members

of DCG and Responders listed in 4.2. The presence

of Responders is necessary to understand their

responsibilities as laid out in the plan, seek clarifica-

tion and spell out their concerns and suggestions for

appropriate consideration and incorporation in the

off-site plan. The chairman and member secretary

of the concerned SCG and those of the CCG shall be

informed and invited for this presentation, who may

attend and/or suitably nominate others members to

attend this presentation as they may think fit. The

assigned agency shall invite, in consultation with

District Collector or the DEA and factory inspector in-

charge of the district, other authorities or members,

whose presence is necessary or expedient to the

offsite plan of the particular district.

Stage 7: Off-site Plan Draft 3: Following the plan presentation(s), the Assigned

Agency shall prepare Draft 3 for approval of the DEA.

Stage 8: Plan Approval Having satisfied himself of the competency

and viability of the plan, the District Collector

or the DEA shall put his signature to the plan,

thus enacting the plan for the District. He/she

may arrange for the translation of plan in local

language.

The following table provides for the stages, tasks,

responsibilities and checks essential in the eight

stage approach for preparation of the Off-site

Emergency Plan.


Table 1 Eight stage Approach to the Preparation of Off-site Emergency PlanSummary: Plan Preparation

S. No. Stage Tasks Responsibility Ensured by

1 On-site compliance Ensuring On-site Emergency Plan Preparation by all MAH units in the district

Occupiers of MAH units

Factory Inspector in charge of District

2 Onsite Plan Scrutiny Checking the On-site plans for their completeness

Assigned Agency*#1, #2

Factory Inspector in charge of District

3 Off-site Plan Draft 1 Preparation of Off-site plan based on On-site plans

Assigned Agency* District Collector or the DEA

4 Technical Discussion(s) Presentation of Plan by assigned agency, discussions on issues raised, brain-storming sessions on problems identified. Participants: Occupiers of MAH units, Factory Inspector in charge of District, Members of PCB, Technical Experts and others who are invited

Assigned Agency* Factory Inspector in charge of District

5 Off-site Plan Draft 2 Modification of Draft 1 in light of the Technical Discussion above


6 Plan Presentation(s) Presentation of Plan by assigned agency. Participants: All members of DCG, Responders identified in section 4.2, select members of SCG and CCG and others who are invited

Assigned Agency* District Collector or the DEA

7 Off-site Plan Draft 3 Modification of Draft 2 in light of accepted suggestions from the above


8 Plan Approval Reading, Signature and Enactment of the plan by the DEA

District Collector or the DEA

SCG (for all district compliance)

* Assigned Agency is an agency, institution, organization either Government or Private appointed for the preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan (see Stage 2, Section 4.3)

# 1 The responsibility of assigned agency shall be limited to scrutinize and extract the necessary information from the on-site emergency plans (and safety reports) made available by the respective MAH units. In case of non-availability of information or any discrepancies observed, the assigned agency should bring this to notice of the MAH unit and also report the same to the concerned Inspector of Factories, who shall ensure that the MAH unit complies with the preparation of on-site plans as per Schedule 11 of MSIHC Rules, 1989.

# 2 In addition to on-site plans, the assigned agency may also use Safety Reports (prepared under MSIHC Rules, 1989) to obtain relevant information.


5.1 Schedule 12 of MSIHC Rules

Schedule 12, MSIHC rules

The details to be furnished in the Off-site Emergency

Plan are given in Schedule 12 of the Rules. These are:

The type of accidents and release to be taken �

into account.

Organizations involved including key personnel �

and responsibilities and liaison arrangements

between them.

Information about the site including likely �

locations of dangerous substances, personnel

and emergency control rooms.

Technical information such as chemical and �

physical characteristics and dangers of the

substances and plant.

Identification of the facilities and transport �

routes.

Contact for further advice e.g. meteorological �

information, transport, temporary food and

accommodation, first aid and hospital services,

water and agricultural authorities.

Communications links including telephones, �

radios and standby methods.

Special equipment including fire fighting �

materials, damage control and repair items.

Details of emergency response procedures. �

Notification to the public. �

Evacuation arrangements. �

Arrangements for dealing with the press and �

other media interests.

Long term clean up. �

5.2 Template for Off-site Emergency Plan

Plan Template

A template has been developed for Off-site

Emergency Plan. It facilitates easy preparation

of the plan. The use of template shall bring out

standardization of the Off-site Emergency Plan

made across the country.

The Template for Off-site Emergency Plan is attached

separately as Part B.

Chapter 5

Guidelines on Content of Off-site Emergency Plan


6.1 Maintenance of Off-Site Emergency Plan

Plan Maintenance

The Off-Site Emergency shall be prepared as per

process laid in Section 4.3 of Chapter 4. However, the

Off-Site Emergency Plan is a dynamic document and

needs to undergo change to have proper bearing

with the ground realities.

The District Collector or the DEA is the authority

responsible for maintenance and upkeep of Off-Site

Emergency Plan. He may specifically appoint for

this purpose an officer (say, Maintenance Officer) to

carry out the tasks pertaining to this role. It shall be

the duty of such officer appointed thereof to:

Possess master copy of the plan and ensure at �

all times that it is up-to-date

Ensure distribution of the latest plan copy to all �

the responders

Maintain signatures of the responders in the �

Master Copy of the plan(See Template Plan)

Communicate changes in the plan to all the �

possessors of the plan via Annexure 3 of the

Template Plan (see Part B)

Initiate revision of plan whenever it is due �

It shall be the duty of the possessors of offsite plan

to report to the District Collector (or the DEA) or the

officer appointed thereof, any change that they are

the cause of and which shall require modification in

the offsite plan via Annexure 4 of the template.

Off-Site Emergency Plan shall be a guiding document

for all meetings of the District Crisis Group.

6.2 Communication and Authorisation for Implementation of plan in case of an Emergency

Prompt Authorisation and Communication

Prompt declaration for off-site emergency, instanta-

neous communication to all the Responders in or-

der and priority of their role in the emergency and

implementation of the plan in letter and spirit can

help to bring the benefit of the off-site plan in miti-

gating the effect of a disaster.

The responsibility for prompt declaration of off-

site emergency lies with the District Collector

(or the DEA). The MAH unit shall immediately

inform him/her, when they fore-see the likelihood

of an off-site emergency situation. The District

Collector (or the DEA) shall declare emergency via

Annexure 1 of the Template Plan (see Template

Plan). An updated soft-copy of this annexure

shall always be kept available on his computer

desktop. A conveniently folded hard copy shall

always be kept available at the notice board of

his/her office.

The District Collector (or the DEA) shall make

on-phone communication of emergency to the

Chapter 6

Guidelines on Management, Implementation and the use of Off-site Emergency Plan

important responders such as Police, Fire, Technical

Experts and Transport Service Provider among

others so that they may initiate response actions. A

written communication may follow via a telegram,

fax or messenger. In absence of District Collector

(or the DEA), the authorization shall be made by

the Resident Collector In-charge or any other

authority appointed temporarily in lieu thereof.

The authorities of crucial services shall be informed

by the above means of authorization. The authorities

as well as executors of crucial services shall be

bestowed with suitable discretion, should there be

no prudence in waiting for due authorizations.

The flow of communication from the first observer

on the source-site of emergency till the last re-

sponder to get information shall be well defined.

Quick and prompt information to crucial respond-

ers viz. Fire, Police, Transporter and Medical Depart-

ment is important for curbing and mitigating of

disaster. The PAC analysis (see Part C) shall help in

clearly defining the flow of communication along

with the communication means and the specifics

of messages to be communicated.

6.3 Use of Plan as a Ready-Reckoner in case of an Emergency

Ready –Reckoner

The information in the plan that shall serve as a

ready reckoner in case of an emergency is:

� The Responders Directory (see Section 3.6 of

Template Plan)

The Emergency Resource Information (see �

Chapter 6 of Template Plan)

The ERDS of chemicals handled provided in �

Annexure 9 of the Template Plan

6.4 Use of Plan for Resource Gap Analysis and Development

Resource-Gap Analysis

Chapter 6 of the Template Plan (Part B) identifies

the resources for dealing with mitigation of an

off-site emergency.

Chapter 8 of the Template Plan maps the resources

to their requirement in emergency scenario. While

performing the PAC analysis, it may become evident

that the resources required at a particular stage

of response are insufficient. This shall be noted in

the ‘Remarks – Resource Gap’ column of the PAC

analysis sheet.

Such a resource requirement shall then be put

before the Authorities and Agencies responsible for

the development of the region.

6.5 Mock Drills and Off-site Emergency Plan

Mock Drill objectives

Mock Drills have two basic functions, namely

“training” and “testing”. The objectives of Mock Drills

are as under:

To identify deficiencies in resources (both in �

manpower and equipment).

To clarify each individual’s role and areas of �

responsibility.

To reveal weaknesses in the plans and �

procedures, before emergencies occur

To improve the level of co-ordination among �

various response personnel, departments and

agencies.


important responders such as Police, Fire, Technical

Experts and Transport Service Provider among

others so that they may initiate response actions. A

written communication may follow via a telegram,

fax or messenger. In absence of District Collector

(or the DEA), the authorization shall be made by

the Resident Collector In-charge or any other

authority appointed temporarily in lieu thereof.

The authorities of crucial services shall be informed

by the above means of authorization. The authorities

as well as executors of crucial services shall be

bestowed with suitable discretion, should there be

no prudence in waiting for due authorizations.

The flow of communication from the first observer

on the source-site of emergency till the last re-

sponder to get information shall be well defined.

Quick and prompt information to crucial respond-

ers viz. Fire, Police, Transporter and Medical Depart-

ment is important for curbing and mitigating of

disaster. The PAC analysis (see Part C) shall help in

clearly defining the flow of communication along

with the communication means and the specifics

of messages to be communicated.

6.3 Use of Plan as a Ready-Reckoner in case of an Emergency

Ready –Reckoner

The information in the plan that shall serve as a

ready reckoner in case of an emergency is:

� The Responders Directory (see Section 3.6 of

Template Plan)

The Emergency Resource Information (see �

Chapter 6 of Template Plan)

The ERDS of chemicals handled provided in �

Annexure 9 of the Template Plan

6.4 Use of Plan for Resource Gap Analysis and Development

Resource-Gap Analysis

Chapter 6 of the Template Plan (Part B) identifies

the resources for dealing with mitigation of an

off-site emergency.

Chapter 8 of the Template Plan maps the resources

to their requirement in emergency scenario. While

performing the PAC analysis, it may become evident

that the resources required at a particular stage

of response are insufficient. This shall be noted in

the ‘Remarks – Resource Gap’ column of the PAC

analysis sheet.

Such a resource requirement shall then be put

before the Authorities and Agencies responsible for

the development of the region.

6.5 Mock Drills and Off-site Emergency Plan

Mock Drill objectives

Mock Drills have two basic functions, namely

“training” and “testing”. The objectives of Mock Drills

are as under:

To identify deficiencies in resources (both in �

manpower and equipment).

To clarify each individual’s role and areas of �

responsibility.

To reveal weaknesses in the plans and �

procedures, before emergencies occur

To improve the level of co-ordination among �

various response personnel, departments and

agencies.


Under the CA(EPPR) Rules, 1996, the LCG is respon-

sible to conduct the off-site mock drill every six

month in an Industrial Pocket. The DCG is required

to conduct mock drills in the district each year.

The following two types of Mock Drills are recom-

mended.

Communication Exercise Drills

In these, communication between various authori-

ties and agencies is put to trial and test. A simple

goal such as confinement of residents of a particu-

lar building is drawn. The chain of communication

beginning from first observer of source-site up to

the residents closing their windows and confining

themselves in their houses is exercised. The commu-

nication delays are noted and causes are analysed

and appropriately addressed. The communication

drills shall be carried out once in 6 months.

Full-Scale Drills

In these, the communications as well as the

response action measures by various authorities

and agencies are put to test. The response time

for reaching of fire-brigade vehicles, ambulances

to the site is tested. The efficacy of the police to

divert traffic is also put to test. Evacuation of

members in a particular building is carried out

and pertinent observations are noted. Member(s)

of expert group are present at various points such

as police station, fire department, hospitals, office

of transportation services to make and note their

observations. Their observations are compiled

and lessons are drawn from the mock-drill for

incorporation and inclusion in the off-site plan.

The full-scale drills shall be carried out at least

once in a year. The reports of the mock drills shall

be filed in Off-site Emergency Plan via Annexure 8

of the Template ( Part B)

6.6 Important Roles to Ensure Benefit from Off-Site Plan

6.6.1 Role of District Collector (or the DEA)

District Collector

The role of the District Collector (or the DEA) is

essential in order to:

Ensure due participation in the plan process �

from all the Responders listed in Section 4.2

above.

Drive the implementation of plan, in case an off- �

site emergency situation arises in the district

Ensure availability of manpower and material �

resources to combat an off-site emergency

situation

Conduct mock drills at periodic intervals. �

6.6.2 Role of Factory Inspector In-Charge of District

Factory Inspector

The role of the factory inspector is essential in order

to:

Keep a check and control on the industrial �

hazards in the district

Ensure participation of MAH units and create �

awareness of their responsibilities in event of

off-site emergency

Ensure availability of technical knowledge and �

resources to nip in bud, any potential off-site

emergency situation.

6.7 District Emergency Authority (DEA)

The MSIHC Rules, Schedule 5 assigns the responsibility

of the preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan to the


6.6 Important Roles to Ensure Benefit from Off-Site Plan

6.6.1 Role of District Collector (or the DEA)

District Collector

The role of the District Collector (or the DEA) is

essential in order to:

Ensure due participation in the plan process �

from all the Responders listed in Section 4.2

above.

Drive the implementation of plan, in case an off- �

site emergency situation arises in the district

Ensure availability of manpower and material �

resources to combat an off-site emergency

situation

Conduct mock drills at periodic intervals. �

6.6.2 Role of Factory Inspector In-Charge of District

Factory Inspector

The role of the factory inspector is essential in order

to:

Keep a check and control on the industrial �

hazards in the district

Ensure participation of MAH units and create �

awareness of their responsibilities in event of

off-site emergency

Ensure availability of technical knowledge and �

resources to nip in bud, any potential off-site

emergency situation.

6.7 District Emergency Authority (DEA)

The MSIHC Rules, Schedule 5 assigns the responsibility

of the preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan to the

District Collector or the District Emergency Authority

designated by the State Government. Therefore, unless

any other authority is explicitly designated for particular

district or districts by the State Government, the District

Collector shall be the ex-officio, District Emergency

Authority (DEA) of the district. In the template of Off-

site Emergency Plan, the term DEA is used. Other than

in exceptional cases as mentioned above, the DEA will

be the District Collector of the District.

6.8 Conclusion

The Off-site Emergency Plan for a district as envis-

aged in the MSIHC rules, 1989, 2000 is a vital tool

to keep a tab on prevention of chemical disasters

and ensuring effective response mitigation in

event of a disaster. The role of District Authorities

and Agencies is important draw benefit from the

plan and put it in use and implementation prior,

during and post emergency. The DEA, Factory In-

spector in charge of the district must ensure that

various elements of the plan must be used in let-

ter and spirit. It is endeavour of this document to

provide maximum service in facilitation of a practi-

cally useful Off-site Emergency Plan. The template

provided as a Part B shall serve towards this end.


The Environment (Protection) Act. 1986(amended �

1991) and following Rules thereunder:

The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 •

(amended 2004).

The Manufacture, Storage and Import of •

Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 ( amended ,

1994 and 2000).

The Hazardous Wastes (Management and •

Handling) Rules, 1989(amended 2000 and

2003), now replaced by: Hazardous Waste

(Management, Handling & Trans-boundary

Movement) Rules, 2008.

The Environment Impact Assessment Notifi-•

cation, 2006.

The Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, •

Preparedness and Responses) Rules, 1996.

Bio-medical Wastes (Management and •

Handling ) Rules, 1989.

The Factories Act, 1948 (amended 1987). �

States Factory Rules.•

The Inflammable Substances Act, 1952 �

The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (amended 2001). �

The Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 •

(amended 2005).

The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 (amend- �

ed 1992).

The Public Liability Insurance Rules, •

1991(amended 1993).

The Petroleum Act, 1968 (amended 2000). �

The Petroleum Rules, 2002.•

The Insecticide Act, 19687 (amended 2000). �

The Insecticide Rules, 1971 (amended 1999).•

The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995. �

The Explosives Act, 1884 (amended till 1983). �

The Gas Cylinder Rules, 2004.•

The Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels •

(Unfired) Rules, 1981 (amended 2002.)

The Explosives Rules, 1983 (amended 2002).•

aNNeXUre a

List of Relevant Statutes on Management of Hazardous Substances

Source: National Disaster Management Guidelines - Chemical Disasters, 2007 by National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India


aNNeXUre B

List of Chemical Accidents in Recent Past (2002-06)

S. No. Name of Unit Date of Accident SourceDeath/Injury/Missing;

Losses

1 GACL, Vadodara, Gujarat 05.09.2002 Chlorine gas-explosion 4/20/nil

2 IPCL, Gandhar, Gujarat 20.12.2002 Chlorine gas-release Nil/18 workers & 300 villagers in Jageshwar affected/nil.

3 IOC Refineries, Digboi, Assam 07.03.2003 Fire in motor spirit tank Nil; Product loss Rs.11.55crore

4 Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., Mohali, Punjanb

11.06.2003 Toluene 2/19/nil

5 BPCL Bottling Plant, Dhar, Madhya Pradesh

05.10.2003 LPG leak from tank lorry Nil

6 Orient Paper Mills, Amla, Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh

13.10.2003 Liquid Chlorine Nil/88/nil/;5 pipe affected

7 IDL Gulf Oil, Kukkatpally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

25.11.2003 Explosion 8/5/2001

8 Anil Enterprises, Zakhira, Rohtak, Haryana

28.04.2003 Fire in LPG fired oven 6/2nil

9 HIL Uduogmandal, Kerala 06.07.2003 Toluene fire Nil

10 Shyamfal Industries, GIDC, Vatva, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

12.04.2004 Benzene fire Nil

11 Chemical Factory, Dombivilli, Maharashtra.

31.05.2004 Hexane release 1/8/Nil

12 Chemiplast, Mettur, Tamil Nadu 18.07.2004 Chlorine leak Nil/27/Nil

13 Gujarat Refinery, Vadodara, Gujarat 29.10.2004 Explosion in slurry setter 2/13/Nil

14 Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., Mohali, Punjanb

30.10.2004 Fire in dryer room 1/2/nil

15 Matrix Laboratory Ltd. Unit 1, Kazipally, Medak District, Andhra

Pradesh

05.03.2005 Sodium hydride 8/nil/nil

16 Gujarat Refinery, Gujarat 15.06.2005 Fire Nil

17 Coromondal Fertilizer Ltd., Ennor, Tamil Nadu

22.07.2005 Ammonia Nil/5/nil

18 Gulf Oil Corporation Ltd., Sanathanagam, Hyderabad, Andhra

Pradesh

04.10.2005 Explosion/fire 2/2/nil

19 Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Alathur,

Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu

03.11.2005 Explosion with fire 2/4/nil

20 Aurobindo Pharma Ltd., Unit-V, IDA Pashamylaram Medak Dist., Andhra

Pradesh

28.11.2005 Explosion while drying cloxaciline sodium

1/4/ni;

21 Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Mathura Refinery , Mathura, Uttar

Pradesh

29.12.2005 Fire 1/nil/nil


S. No. Name of Unit Date of Accident SourceDeath/Injury/Missing;

Losses

22 Kanoria Chemicals and Industries Ltd. Renukoo, Sonebhadra, Uttar

Pradesh

29.03.2006 Chlorine release 6/23/nil

23 Anjana Explosives Ltd., Peddakaparthi Nalgonda District,

Andhra Pradesh

18.07.2006 Spilage of hazchem 5/nil/nil

24 Ravi Organics Ltd., Muzzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh

19.09.2006 Gas release 1/nil/nil

25 Reliance Industries Refinery, Jamnager, Gujarat

25.10.2006 Leaked hot vacuum gas oil catches fire in air

2/nil/nil

Source: National Disaster Management Guidelines - Chemical Disasters, 2007 by National Disaster Management Authority, Government of India

Guidelines for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan | B-1 |

Template

for

Off-site Emergency

Management Plan

Part - B

| B-2 | Guidelines for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan

[SEAL OF THE OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT COLLECTOR (or the DEA)]

OFFSITE EMERGENCY PLAN

FOR

DISTRICT OF: [NAME OF DISTRICT]

STATE: [NAME OF STATE]

EDITION NUMBER: [EDITION NUMBER}

EDITION DATE: [DATE ON WHICH THIS PLAN IS EFFECTED]

PREPARED BY:

[NAME OF AGENCIES/INSTITUTIONS WHO PREPARED THE PLAN

WITH ADDRESS AND CONTACT NUMBERS]

Word version of the templete can be made available upon request. Concact PRESTELS ([email protected])


Edition No: Date of Edition Name of the District Collector (or the DEA)

Name of Factory Inspector In-charge of the District

Edition History

Table 1. Edition History


Directory of Key Responders in the District

Table 2. Directory of key Responders

Sr. Authority Name of Current Office

Holder

Address (O, R) Telephone (O, R, M)

Email Remark

1 District Collector (or DEA)

1A Alternate

2 Superintendent of Police

2A Alternate

3 Fire Department Chief

3A Alternate

4 Medical Officer

4A Alternate

5 Inspector of Factories

6 Pollution Control Board member

7 Technical Experts

a)

b)

c)

8 Transport Provider

9 Mutual Aid Group

10 Media

11 Railways

12 Other members of DCG, Coast Guards and other authorities as may be applicable


1.1 Statement by the District Collector (or the DEA)

“This document has been prepared in close co-

operation with the local authorities and with the

support of MAH installations in the area. I, hereby,

declare the plan to be effected”.

[NAME, SIGNATURE, SEAL AND DATE]

1.2 Statement by the Officer Appointed to Carry Out the Maintenance and Upkeep tasks of the Plan (See Section 6.1 of Part a)

“I take responsibility for the maintenance and

upkeep of the plan and shall:

Possess Master Copy of this Plan and ensure at �

Chapter 1

Enforcement of Plan

all times that it is up-to-date

Ensure distribution of the latest plan copy to the �

key responders

Maintain signatures of the responders in the �

Master Copy of the plan

Communicate changes in the plan to all the �

possessors of the plan (see Annex. 3)

Initiate revision of plan whenever it is due �

and perform other tasks that may needed for

up-to-date maintenance and sufficiency of this

plan”

[NAME, SIGNATURE, SEAL AND DATE]

1.3 Commitment of Responders

“I accept to fulfil the roles and responsibilities

assigned to me for effective implementation of off-

site plan” (See Roles and Responsibilities in Chapter 7)

Sr. Authority Designation Name of Office Holder Date Signature

Table 3. Commitments of Responders


2.1 Background to Off-site Emergency

Manufacture, storage and use of hazardous sub-

stances pose a serious risk to industry, people in the

neighbourhood and the environment. Accidental

release of hazardous chemicals, which are flam-

mable, explosive or toxic, may lead to emergencies.

Depending upon the nature of the substance and

magnitude of the release, emergency could either

be confined within the industry (On-site Emergen-

cy) or could transgress the boundary of the industry

and affect the public in the neighbourhood in which

case it would be an Off-site Emergency

The Off-site Emergency Plan is a document detailing

how emergencies relating to a possible major

accident involving a hazardous chemical in an

industry, which may have ramifications outside the

boundary walls of that industry will be dealt with.

The rule 14(1) of MSIHC Rules read with Schedule 5

requires the District Authorities to prepare an Off-

site Emergency Plan in consultation with the Chief

Inspector of Factories and assistance from the Chief

Controller of Explosives.

The details to be furnished in the Off-site Emergency

Plan are given in Schedule 12 of the Rules. These are:

The type of accidents and release to be taken �

into account.

Organizations involved including key personnel �

and responsibilities and liaison arrangements

between them.

Chapter 2

Introduction, Use and Control of Off-site Emergency Plan

Information about the site including likely �

locations of dangerous substances, personnel

and emergency control rooms.

Technical information such as chemical and �

physical characteristics and dangers of the

substances and plant.

Identification of the facilities and transport routes. �

Contact for further advice e.g. meteorological �

information, transport, temporary food and

accommodation, first aid and hospital services,

water and agricultural authorities.

Communications links including telephones, ra- �

dios and standby methods.

Special equipment including fire fighting mate- �

rials, damage control and repair items.

Details of emergency response procedures. �

Notification to the public. �

Evacuation arrangements. �

Arrangements for dealing with the press and �

other media interests.

Long term clean up. �

Transportation of hazardous chemical by road or

pipeline may pose a threat to the population and

environment. Such accidents also belong to the

category of off-site emergency. The definition of

major chemical accident includes accidents during

transportation vide rule 2(f ) of the CA(EPPR) Rules

2.2 Off-site Emergency

The chemical release, fire, explosion or spillage in an

industrial unit including isolated storages that may


have ramifications outside the boundary of that

particular industrial unit or such a chemical release,

fire, explosion or spillage during the transportation

of hazardous chemicals by road or by pipeline, all

of which may pose a threat to life and property of

public at large, is a situation qualifying to be an off-

site emergency with the declaration to this effect by

the DEA.

2.3 Off-site Emergency Plan and its Use

Off-site Emergency Plan foresees the possible

emergency scenarios leading to Off-site Emergency

Plan.

The following are the use of Off-site Emergency

Plan

2.3.1 Pre-Emergency UseThe plan identifies the resources required for deal- �

ing with likely emergencies and draws attention

to additional resources that may be required.

The plan helps to inform the necessary authorities �

and stake-holders of their responsibilities during

the emergency.

2.3.2 During Emergency UseThe plan gives the procedures to be executed �

by various roles during the off-site emergency

for its control and mitigation.

The plan serves as a ready-reckoned for all vital �

and factual information that is required during

emergency.

2.3.3 Post-Emergency UseThe plan gives procedures for prevention of �

damage in the long term that may arise as effect

of an emergency.

The plan lays for review of emergency to draw �

necessary observations and lessons for self-

enrichment of plan for future emergencies.

2.4 Scope of Off-site Emergency Plan

The Off-site Emergency Plan applies to the entire

district. The Off-site Emergency Plan compiles all

the possible emergency scenarios pertaining to

industrial or transportation hazards that may arise

within the district boundaries and provides for the

response mitigation of the same.

The inter-relationship Off-site Emergency Plan is

depicted in the diagram below

2.5 Declaration of Off-site Emergency and Enforcement of Plan

The responsibility and the power of declaring the

off-site emergency in the district vests with the DEA.

In his absence, the responsibility and power vests

with the authority appointed in lieu of the DEA.

The declaration of emergency shall be made via

Annexure 1.

2.6 Possessors of the Off-site Emergency Plan and the Maintenance Officer of the Off-site Emergency Plan

The copy of the off-site plan must be possessed by

all the responders who contribute in the off-site


Table 4. Possessors of Off-site Emergency Plan

Sr. Authority Designation

Name of Office Holder

Address

(O, R)

Contact

(O, R, M)

Remarks

# Address (O, R) is Address of Office (O) and Residence (R)

## Contact (O, R, M) is phone number of Office (O) and Residence (R) and Mobile (M)

planning process or in mitigation response. The

list of all the possessors of the off-site plan is as

following:

The District Collector (or the DEA) is responsible

for the maintenance and upkeep of the Off-site

Emergency Plan. He may designate one officer to

carry out the tasks pertaining to this role. This officer

should be indicated in the ‘Remarks’ column of the

table above.

2.7 Review and Amendment of Plan

The Off-site Emergency Plan shall be distributed

to all people listed in Annexure 2. It shall be the

duty of the District Collector (or the DEA) to ensure

distribution of up-to-date copy of this plan to all

people listed in Annexure 2. It shall also be the duty

of all authorities listed in Annexure 2 to see to it

that they receive an up-to-date copy of subsequent

versions of the plan.

This Off-site Emergency Plan is a dynamic document

and must at all times reflect the ground realities by

changing when these change.

For this purpose, the Off-site Emergency Plan is set

to expire after a period of 2 years from the date on

which it is effected. A new version of the plan shall

be prepared, released and distributed before the

expiry of the current version. Should there be any

major changes such as upcoming of new industrial

units, identification of new hazards among others

or an instance of an off-site emergency the Off-site

Emergency Plan shall be revised even before its due

expiry.

Should there be any minor changes such as changes

in person(s) holding particular authorities, changes

in phone numbers among others, these shall be

communicated to all the possessors of the Off-site

Emergency Plan via Annexure 3 by the DEA. The

stakeholders of the plan undergoing change in

positions or having changed their phone numbers

should inform the same to the DEA via Annexure 4.

2.8 Dovetailing of On-site Emergency Plans with this Plan

This Off-site Emergency Plan is put use when an

industrial on-site emergency is expected to or has

already transcended the boundaries of the industrial

unit. It is necessary that the actions enlisted in the

on-site plan are consistent with the plan of action

in this Off-site Emergency Plan. For this purpose it

is necessary for the MAH units to ensure that their


plans agree to and is consistent with the Off-site

Emergency Plan. The dovetailing to this effect needs

to be ensured in the following areas among others:

Communication to the District Authorities �

/Agencies (see Chapter 8: Emergency Scenarios)

Line of command (See Chapter 7: Organisation �

of Roles)

2.9 Annexing of this Plan with District Disaster Management Plan

The offsite plan should be annexed to the district

disaster management plan.

The diagram below shows the relation of offsite plan

with in the schema of disaster management plans.

The Onsite Plans and Offsite Plans are chemical disaster plans as stipulated in the MSIHC Rules, 1989. The District Disaster, State Disaster and National Disaster Plans are general disaster plans as stipulated in the Disaster Management Act, 2005.


3.1 Map of District

The map should be to scale 1:50000. The map should

indicate political boundaries with neighbouring

districts, talukas, major cities/villages within

district, major roads, railways, rivers, wells and other

important features. It should indicate the locations

of MAH units and other hazardous areas. Police

stations, Fire Services, Hospitals shall also be located

on the map. Evacuation areas, Schools, Colleges,

Community Centres around MAH units shall be

identified and indicated on the map. Other resources

useful in emergency mitigation such as Emergency

Response Centres etc. shall be indicated. The routes

of transportation of hazardous chemicals, pipelines

transporting hazardous chemicals shall also be

shown on the map

3.2 Description of Map and other Geographic Information

3.3 Demographic Information

Chapter 3

District Profile

The maximum and minimum value for the district

on whole is recorded. The maximum value of a pa-

rameter is the maximum value of that parameter

observed anywhere in the district during the past

10 years. Same applies to the minimum value.

Should there extreme variations in the above pa-

rameters suitable seasonal or geographic classifica-

tions shall be made.

Sr. Village / Town

Male Female Children Total Remarks

Table 5. Population Distribution

3.4 Meteorological Information

The meteorological factors which govern the disper-

sion of toxic releases are temperature, humidity and

wind-speed. It is important to record the indicative

values of these for use of dispersion calculations.

Table 6. Meteorological Information

Sr. Parameter Maximum Minimum

1 Temperature

2 Humidity

3 Wind-velocity

The data pertaining to the table 5 may be obtained

from the local meteorological department. The

meteorological department shall provide the

necessary data available for the district.

3.5 Important Activities/Events/Festive Events in District

Table 7. List of important events in the district

Sr. Event Name

Date Location Population involved

Remark


3.6 Directory of Responders in the District

Table 8. Natural disaster history

Sr. Natural Disaster, Date and Location

Description, Magnitude and Effects

Remark

Table 9. Responder directory (See Chapter 4 of Part A)

Sr. Authority Name of Current Office Holder Address

(O, R)

Telephone (O, R, M)

Email Remark


4.1 Introduction to Hazards

Hazard is the existence of a situation that can

potentially lead to disaster. The offsite emergency

plan identifies the hazards that can lead to a chemical

disaster. The hazards identified are primarily the MAH

installations including isolated storages. However

hazards are not restricted to MAH installations

Chapter 4

Identification of Hazards

Table 10 Information on MAH Unit Installations

Sr. MAH Unit Name With Address

Activity Carried Out

Hazardous Chemicals Handled With Quantities (All

Chemicals that make the unit MAH)

Disasters Likely

Contact Persons Name

# (Occ, Fm, Si) With Phone Numbers (O,

R, M)

Remarks

alone. Therefore, identification of hazards other than

those at MAH installations is important as well. This

chapter identifies the hazards in the district.

4.2 MAH Unit Installations

All MAH units including isolated storages have been

listed and detailed in the table below:

#

Occ: Occupier

Fm: Factory Manager

Si: Site Incident Controller

4.3 Transportation of Hazardous Goods

Sr. Road No.

From – To

Stretch Length Details Of Hazardous Chemicals Flow With

Quantity

Villages / Towns Enroute

Remarks

Table: 11 Information on Hazmat transportation by road


Table 12. Information on Hazmat transportation by rail

Sr. Stretch

From – To

Length Details Of Hazardous Chemicals Flow With Quantity

Stations enroute Remarks

Table 13. Information on Hazmat transportation by water

Sr. Stretch

From – To

Length Details Of Hazardous Chemicals Flow With

Quantity

Coastal Areas Enroute

Remarks

Table 14. Information on Hazmat transportation by pipeline

Sr. Pipeline Stretch.

From-To

Company Name With Address And Phone

Number

Length Details of Hazmat Flow

With Quantity

Villages / Towns / Vulnerable Points

Enroute

Remarks


5.1 Introduction to Emergency Scenarios and Vulnerable Zones

Emergency ScenariosMajor industrial hazards are generally associated

with the potential for toxic chemical release, fire or

explosion

Events involving release of toxic materials �

Slow or intermittent release of toxic substance •

from a leaking valve,

Rapid release for limited duration due to •

fracture of pipe leading to a toxic cloud which

may travel or dissipate,

Massive release of toxic substance due to •

failure of large storage or process vessel or

uncontrolled chemical reaction.

Loss of containment for a plant threatened by •

a fire

Events involving spillage of flammable liquids �

or loss of containment of flammable gases

Confined spill •

Unconfined spill •

Major fires with no danger of explosion �

Hazards from high levels of thermal radiation

and smoke, for example:

Pool fire, •

Flash fire, •

Jet fire etc. •

Explosion.•

Chapter 5

Identification of Emergency Scenarios and Delineation of Vulnerable Zones

Explosion Events �

Hazards from blast waves, flying debris, high

level of thermal radiation. Serious emergencies

that can be envisaged are

Confined explosions, •

Unconfined vapour cloud explosion, •

BLEVE•

Assessment of possible incidents is to be carried out

for each MAH installation, in terms of:

The quantity of hazardous material which could �

be released

The rate of release �

Effects of such a release �

Thermal radiation from a fire at different �

distances

Blast over-pressures due to an explosion as �

function of distance from the incident spot

Toxic effects affecting the vulnerable zone (circle �

showing concentrations)

Number of people likely to be affected �

Methodology for Calculation of Vulnerable Zones Prescribed by MOEFThe injury criteria or level of concern is used to determine

vulnerable zones. The consequence distances for Toxic

Release, Fire and Explosion scenario are worked out as

per micro-methodology evolved by the MOEF.

Toxic ExposureThe IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health)

concentration value is taken as the criterion for


identifying vulnerability zone. Accidents giving rise

to toxic clouds from each of the MAH units in the

area need to be considered.

The calculations for consequence distances should

be done for weather stability class D with wind speed

of 3 m/s and also for class F with wind speed of 1 to 2

m/s. The circles with radii equal to the consequence

distances should be drawn on maps to indicate

vulnerable zones for planning and preparedness

purpose. The toxic cloud arrival and departure time

should also be indicated on the map for each circle.

Heat Radiation (Pool Fire, Flare, BLEVE)The heat radiation equal to 10 kW/m2 produces

second-degree burns on unprotected parts of

the human body. The heat radiation of 5 kW/m2

produces first-degree burns. These inten sities of

radiation are chosen as the limit value to identify

vulnerable zones. The radiation intensity of 10 kW/m2

is taken as a limit value to identify fatality zone and

that of 5 kW/m2 is taken for the injury zone.

ExplosionIt is assumed that everyone inside an area in which

the peak over-pressure is greater than 0.1 bar will

be wounded. This area is and will be represented

by a circle drawn around the explosion centre and

having radius equal to the (calculated) distance

from explosion centre at which peak over-pressure

= 0.1 bar is expected.

In the case of a vapour cloud explosion, the explosion

centre, which coincides with the cloud centre, will vary

depending upon the prevailing weather conditions

and the time when it gets source of ignition.

Use of Vulnerability TemplatesThe Maps showing the location of likely

emergencies and corresponding vulnerable

zones are to be included in the Plan. The maps

are useful for planning and preparing, in advance,

for the likely emergencies. The maps are also

useful to identify area under threat in an actual

emergency.

To assess the impact of toxic release, use of

computer software along with the real time input of

meteorological data would be an ideal method to

identify the area under threat. However, it may not

be always possible to have such sophisticated facility

available at every place. Under such circumstances,

transparent “Templates” can be developed and

used to assess the effects of spread of the toxic

cloud with concentration levels as function of

distance from the point of origin.

The transparent templates for each scenario which

are to be used in the following manner.

Place the transparency on the relevant map with

The toxic release source on the map and the �

plume source on the transparency coinciding.

The X-axis of the plume pointing in the prevailing �

wind direction.

Injuries requiring medical attention will extend �

up to the contours of the transpar ency superim-

posed on the area map.

Templates should be developed for the Hazardous

Chemicals used, stored or transported in the MAH

Units to provide the District Emergency Authority

and the Local Crisis Group with a tool for rapid

assessment of vulnerable zones.

Templates should be drawn on transparent sheets

and indicate the shape and ex tent of a vulnerable

zone. The vulnerable zone in the event of a given

toxic release scenario is assessed by using the ap-

propriate template in conjunction with its associ-


ated map. The scale of the template needs to be the

same as that of the map.

It may be noted that the templates will be useful for

identifying the vulnerability zone in case of toxic cloud.

Computer ModelsMOEF in association with National Informatics Centre

(NIC) is in process of evolving computer software

model for calculation of vulnerable zone and its

projection on digital maps. Wherever available this

computerized model may be used for delineation of

vulnerable zones.

Use of specific informationThe use of specific information regarding wind

velocity, temperature etc. at the site during the

actual occurrence of emergency can be made

wherever the computer software model is in use.

In its absence the standard calculations of Class D

with wind speed of 3 m/s and Class F with wind

Table 15. Emergency Scenarios in MAH Installations

Sr. MAH Unit Name

Hazardous Chemicals Handled

Disaster Scenarios #

(L1/L2/L3 )* Vulnerable Zone Dia.

With Distinct Features Such As Schools Etc.

Population In Vulnerable Zone

Remarks

# Based on Maximum Credible Loss Scenario (MCLS)

* Project disaster category L1, L2, L3 as per the National Disaster Management Guidelines on Chemical Disasters, April 2007 by NDMA. According to the guidelines, the classification is to be given on the basis of magnitude of probable severity and the level of control required. The classification L1-L3 is explained as:

speed 1 to 2 m/s as prescribed by MOEF shall be

used accordingly for delineation of vulnerable

zones.

5.2 Emergency Scenarios in MAH Installations

L1: A district level disaster within the capabilities of

the district administration to deal with.

L2: A state level disaster within the capabilities of

the state government to deal with.

L3: A National level disaster requiring major direct

intervention of the Central Government.

Also, the guidelines define fourth category ‘L0’ as ‘No

disaster situation. This is a level at which surveillance,

preparedness and mitigation activities must be

carried out.’

Since the off-site plan is a district-level plan, the possible

emergencies within a district of higher magnitude (L2,

L3) should get identified in the off-site plan.


5.3 Domino Effect Emergency Scenarios

5.4 Other Emergency Scenarios Including Fall-Outs of Natural Disasters

Table 16. Domino Effects of Emergency Scenarios

Sr. Disaster Scenario (Table no., Sr. and

Description)

Triggered Scenario 1



Remarks

Table 17. Emergency Scenarios arising out of Natural Disasters

Sr. Natural Disasters Likely Vulnerable MAH Unit, Disaster Scenario Remarks

5.5 Development of Vulnerability Templates

Table 18. Vulnerability Template Catalogue

Sr. MAH Unit Disaster Scenario Ref No: and

Description

Vulnerability Template Identification No:

Map Identification No: Remarks


6.1 Introduction to Emergency Resources

Prompt availability of emergency resources is vital

to mitigating an offsite emergency. The emergency

Chapter 6

Identification of Emergency Resources

resources required should be identified with the

sources of their availability and the means to call for

them. The emergency resources and their sources

are identified in this chapter.

Table 19. Police Information

Sr. Police Station with Address and

Phone Number

Designated Contact Persons with Address and Phone Numbers

(O, R, M)

NUMBER OF

# PI, SI, ASI, HC, PC, Total

NUMBER OF VEHICLES

VAN, JEEP, M.CYCLE

REMARKS

6.2 Police

# PI: Police Inspector, SI: Sub-Inspector, ASI: Assistant Sub-Inspector, HC: Head Constable, PC: Police Constable

Table 20. Fire Department Information

Sr. Fire Station with Address

and Phone Number

Designated Contact Persons with Address

(O, R) and Phone Numbers (O, R, M)

Type and Number Of Fire Tenders

(Water, Foam, Mist tenders)

Other equipments and materials (SCBA,

PPE, Dry Chemical Powder etc.)

Number Of Fire Men

Remarks

Table 21. Resources with MAH units forming part of Mutual Aid Resources

Sr. MAH unit name with Address and

Phone Number



Type and Number Of Fire Tenders (Water, Foam, Mist tenders)

Other equipments and materials

(SCBA, PPE, Fire Extinguishers etc.)

Remarks

6.3 Fire


6.5 Other Emergency Infrastructure

Table 22. Medical Aid Information

Sr. Hospital Name with Address

And Phone Number



No. Of Beds Number Of Doctors, Nurses,

Staff, Total

No. Of Burn Wards

No. Of Ambu-lance

Remarks

Table 23. Emergency Response Vehicles

Sr. Emergency Response Vehicle Description and Facilities

available

Location Contact Authorities Name, Address And Phone Numbers (O,

R, M)

Remarks

Table 24. Emergency Response Centre (ERC), Poison Control Centre (PCC)

Sr. ERC / PCC Description and Facilities available

Location Contact Authorities Name, Address And Phone Numbers (O,

R, M)

Remarks

6.6 Evacuation – Transport and Sheltering

Table 25. Evacuation Information – Transport

Sr. Transport Company

Fleet (No. Of Buses And Trucks)

Contact Authorities Name, Address And Phone Numbers (O, R, M)

Remarks

6.4 Medical Aid


6.7 Technical Resources

6.7.1 Technical Experts Directory

Table 26. Evacuation Information – Sheltering

Sr. Evacuation Area Location

Capacity (Number Of People)

Contact Authorities Name, Address And Phone Number

Remarks

Table 27. Technical Experts Directory

Sr. Expert Name Expertise Details, Qualification, Designation

Address

(O, R)

Phone Numbers (O, R, M)

Remarks

6.7.2 Emergency Response Data Sheets (ERDS)

PRESTELS recommends maintenance of Emergency

Response Data Sheets (analogous to Material Safety

Data Sheets - MSDS) for all the hazardous chemicals

handled in the district. The ERDS should contain all

the information required by the District Authorities

and Agencies to take appropriate emergency

response measures. The sample ERDS sheet for MIC

is attached in Annexure 9.

6.8 Media Resources

Table 28. Media Resources Information

Sr. Agency (Radio, Television, Mobile Public Announcement, Mass-Sms) With Address And

Phone Number

Contact Persons Name, Address And Phone Number (O, R, M)

Remarks


6.9 Other Emergency Resources

Table 29. Other Emergency Resources – Earthmoving Equipment

Sr. Toxic Chemicals Handled in District (esp. in MAH

units)

Antidotes Required

Antidote Supplier* Name With Address And Phone

Numbers, Contact Persons

Quantity of Antidotes Available

Remarks

Table 30. Other Emergency Resources – Antidote Suppliers

Sr. Toxic Chemicals Handled in District (esp. in MAH units)

Antidotes Required

Antidote Supplier* Name With Address And Phone Numbers,

Contact Persons

Quantity of Antidotes Available

Remarks

* The antidote suppliers include industrial unit stock, retail medical stores, wholesaler, distributor and manufacturer of antidotes

Table 31. Other Emergency Resources – NGOs

Sr. NGO Name With Address And Phone Number


Remarks

Table 32. Assembly Points

Sr. MAH unit Assembly point (School, Hall, Ground)


Remarks

Table 33. MAH Unit Statutory Compliance Status

Sr. MAH Unit Name With Address And Phone Number

On-site Plan Status PLI status Remarks


7.1 Introduction

Meticulous role playing and effective discharging

of responsibilities is crucial to management

of off-site emergency. The responsibilities of

various authorities and agencies are provided in

this chapter. It is important that the concerned

authorities and agencies know, understand and

accept their responsibilities. The issues pertaining

thereof should be resolved in peace times. Apart

from the assigned responsibilities, the specifics of

situation may call for prudent action. It is however

envisaged to foresee various tasks and assign the

respective responsibilities. The list of responders to

off-site emergency is provided in Chapter 4 of Part

A of this guideline document. The responsibilities

of the responders listed therein are provided

below.

7.2 Responsibilities of Authorities and Agencies

The general responsibilities of the various authori-

ties and agencies involved in mitigation of off-site

emergency are listed below. In addition, the authori-

ties and agencies should perform all such tasks as

per the demands of emergency situation at hand.

7.2.1 District emergency Authority (DEA – District Collector)

Take overall responsibility for combating the �

Off-site emergency

Ensure the Police and Fire, personnel combat �

the emergency

Chapter 7

Roles and Responsibilities

Arrange, if necessary, for warning and evacuating �

the public, through the Depart ment of Police

Communicate with Media to disseminate vital �

information to public

Arrange for dispensing vital information to �

public using arrangements like mass-sms, public

announcement using pre-recorded tapes

Direct the team of Doctors headed by the �

Medical Officer

Direct the local chief of State Transport �

Corporation to arrange for transport of victims

and evacuation of people trapped within the

hazard zone, if necessary

Direct the Electricity Board officials to � give

uninterrupted power supply

Direct the official in-charge to provide �

uninterrupted water supply as required

If evacuation of population is necessary direct �

the Revenue officer and the Supply officer

to provide safe shelters, food and other life

sustaining requirements for the evacuees, if

required

Co-ordinate with the media �

Arrange for, release and provide necessary funds �

at various stages of disaster mitigation

Direct railways to stop train, if required �

7.2.2 Police Communicate and co-ordinate with �

MAH unit•

DEA•

Fire Services.•

Transport authorities.•

Medical Department•


Media•

Civil Defence and Home Guards.•

Local Army establishment as required.•

Warn and advice the people in the affected �

area

Regulate and divert traffic �

Arrange for evacuation �

Maintain law and order in the area �

Ensure protection of life and property of �

evacuees

Deal sternly with people exploiting opportunism �

in wake of a disaster

7.2.3 Fire Service DepartmentPerform fire-fighting operations by deploying �

men and appliances

Perform rescue operation in the affected area. �

Communicate and co-ordinate with Police, �

Medical Department of necessary informa-

tion

Keep knowledge on appropriate response to �

different chemical emergency scenarios

Keep adequate stock and resource information �

on necessary means, material, appliances

required to deal with particular emergency

situations with updated details of suppliers and

stockists

7.2.4 Medical DepartmentArrange for preparing casualties to be sent to �

government/private hospitals

Set up temporary medical camp and ensure �

medical facilities at affected location and

neighbourhood

Keep knowledge on appropriate response �

to different cases of toxic consumption and

injuries

Set up temporary mortuary, identification of �

dead bodies and post-mortem

7.2.5 Factory Inspectorate DepartmentProvide necessary direction to MAH � unit and

assistance to DEA, Fire Department, Medical

Department among others

Seek help from and involve assistance of �

Technical Experts of relevant and appropriate

expertise and specialization

Initiate, facilitate and provide for investigation �

into the accident

7.2.6 Occupier of MAH UnitPossess up-to-date copy of Off-site Emergency �

Plan

Communicate promptly, any foreseeable �

disaster, to the DEA, Police, Fire Service and

Inspector of Factories in-charge of the District

Communicate changes within the factory that �

may require inclusion or suitable modification

in the off-site plan to the DEA (Maintenance

Officer) of the Plan

7.2.7 Technical Experts Promptly respond to provide the necessary �

technical advice to MAH unit, DEA, Factory In-

spectors, Fire Department, Medical Department

among others

Provide on-phone help after properly under- �

standing and assessing the situation

Make visit to the site in co-ordination with DEA, �

Factory Inspector(s) to provide for appropriate

technical assistance

7.2.8 Mutual AID GroupsTo quickly mobilize the resources required to �

emergency mitigation at the site or wherever

required

7.2.9 Pollution Control BoardProject likely areas to be polluted. �


Carry out pollution assessment at suspected lo- �

cations including soil, river and air assessment

Ensure controlling of long-term pollution dam- �

age

Identify unidentified substances, chemical re- �

leases, if any

7.2.10 Transport Fleet Owners Including State Transport

Act on the direction of DEA or Police �

Ascertain the extent of transport required with �

pick-points, routes and destinations to transport

people

Promptly arrange for dispatch of vehicles with �

sufficient fuel for evacuation purposes

Arrange vehicles to transport water and other �

provision to camps set up

7.2.11 MediaDisseminate vital information to public on �

direction of DEA, Police and other Authorities

Act responsibly in disseminating vital informa- �

tion and dispel rumours, if any

7.2.12 RailwaysAct as per the direction of DEA to stop incoming �

trains, if required

Arrange for evacuation, if required �

7.2.13 Transporter of Hazardous ChemicalPossess up-to-date copy of Off-site Emergency �

Plan

Communicate promptly, any foreseeable �

disaster during transportation to the DEA, Police,

Fire Service and Inspector of Factories in-charge

of the District

Communicate new assignments, newly added �

routes or other changes that may require inclusion

or suitable modification in the off-site plan to the

DEA (Maintenance Officer) of the Plan

7.2.14 Electricity Board Arrange for uninterrupted power supply to the �

plant, as required

Arrange for lighting; at temporary medical �

camps etc

Arrange for switching off power supply on �

request from District Authorities

Take care of electrical equipment within the �

damaged zone

7.2.15 Telecommunication DepartmentEnsure working of communication lines to en- �

able effective communication between various

responder agencies

7.2.16 Aviation DepartmentMobilise resources such as helicopters for �

knocking down vapour clouds etc

7.2.17 Civil Defence Co-ordinate with Police authorities �

Extend help in evacuation �

Arrange for round the clock security arrange- �

ments in the affected and evacuation areas

Safeguard the properties and belongings of �

evacuees

7.2.18 Home GuardsCo-ordinate with Police authorities. �

Extend help in evacuation. �

Arrange for round the clock security arrange- �

ments in the affected and evacuation areas.

Safeguard the properties and belongings of �

evacuees

7.2.19 National Disaster Response ForceCarry out tasks for disaster mitigation as re- �

quired

7.2.20 Local Government BodiesMobilise necessary resources in emergency �


mitigation

Provide for community halls, town halls for �

evacuees

7.2.21 NGOsAct as per the direction of DEA, Police and other �

District Authorities

Aid and assist the district authorities in emer- �

gency mitigation

7.2.22 Public Works DepartmentEnsure adequate water supply for fire- fighting. �

Arrange for drinking water for evacuated persons �

at rallying posts, parking yards and evacuation

centres

Arrange water for cattle. �

7.2.23 Water Supply BoardArrange for supply of water to evacuees and all �

others involved in emergency control operations

7.2.24 Civil Supplies DepartmentArrangement to provide food and clothing as �

necessary, to the evacuees and all others in-

volved in emergency controlling operations

7.2.25 Animal Husbandry DepartmentArrange for taking care of cattle - especially milch �

animals living in affected zone

If evacuation of cattle is required, identify the �

evacuation area and shelter

Transport arrangements for evacuation �

Fodder, drinking water arrangements for cattle. �

Arrange for veterinary doctor �

7.2.26 Agriculture DepartmentArrange for protection of food grains and �

standing crops in the vulnerable zone.

Give instructions, to farmers, if any

7.2.27 Regional Transport AuthorityTo investigate into the cause of road accident in-

volving hazardous goods carrier and take necessary

action

7.2.28 Other Members of DCGAssist and act as per directions of the District �

Collector

7.2.29 Coasts Guards and Port Trusts (in case of emergency situation in coastal areas)

Co-ordinate with Police authorities. �

Provide necessary help in emergency mitigation �

7.3 Emergency Organisation Chart of Roles

The emergency organization chart of roles must be

clearly defined. The emergency organization and

line of command may differ from the operational

line of command during peace times.

A sample emergency organization of roles is

attached here for reference:


EMERGENCY ORGANSTAION FOR INDUSTRIAL DISASTER - Example

EMERGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ROAD TRANSPORT DISASTER - Example


7.4 Emergency Behaviour of Public at Large

The extent of damage control in an emergency situ-

ation can improve greatly if the public at large con-

ducts itself in a responsible and intelligent manner.

The possible reasons for disadvantageous behav-

iour by the public is

Panic �

Curiosity or Excitement �

Purposeful exploitation of the situation �

The following are the ways and means of addressing

the above causes of disadvantageous behaviour

1. PanicPanic arises out of sense of urgency coupled with

lack of knowledge and information to deal with

the situation. Panic can be dealt with effectively by

dissemination of important knowledge, information

and instructions on response behaviour. A toxic gas

leak may require people to stay confined than run

out in helter-skelter. Such useful response instruction

can be disseminated to public at large through

mass education campaigns. Such campaigns shall

be periodically conducted by vulnerable industrial

units. Educational syllabus for schools shall include

lesson on response behaviour in case of emergency.

Chemistry lessons shall include simple tips on

responding to various gases. For instance, in case

of MIC leak at Bhopal, the magnitude of toxic

consumption could have greatly reduced had

people put a wet handkerchief on their nose since

MIC dissolves in water.

2. Curiosity or ExcitementUproar, noise, mass gatherings bring curiosity to the

mind of people who add to the number of on-lookers.

Police should play an active role in cordoning off the

emergency area and judiciously allow volunteers

who are willing to act to mitigate the disaster.

3. Purposeful Exploitation of situationUnfortunately some people seek opportunism

for themselves in wake of a disaster. Such

people contribute only to the reducing the

efficacy of mitigation effort. Such people

should be identified and dealt sternly with by

the Police and other authorities involved in

mitigation.

7.5 Specific Actions Required by Public at Large and Communication to them

An emergency situation may call for the public at

large to act on information such as evacuation to a

particular area or confinement of themselves in their

houses with all windows closed. The dissemination

of such information shall be made using media

such as Radio, Television, Mass-SMS, Mobile Public

Announcement System.


8.1 Introduction

The emergency response plan is the detailed plan to

be executed in case of an emergency. The emergency

response plan is drawn for the emergency scenario

under consideration.

No two emergency scenarios are alike and as such

the possible emergency scenarios at any given time

can be infinite. Laying down common emergency

response plan is not possible and also not advisable

as different scenarios will call for different plans.

It is therefore prudent to begin with emergency

response planning for most critical emergency

scenarios. The emergency response planning can

be put to test during the mock drill. This should

ensure preparation of emergency response plan for

new emergency scenario every time a mock drill is

conducted. PRESTELS has developed PAC analysis

for emergency response planning, which is attached

and explained in Part C of this document. The PAC

analysis yield emergency response plan for the

emergency scenario under consideration

8.2 Enforcement and Implementation of Plan

The responsibility for enforcement and implementa-

tion of the plan rests with the DEA. In event of offsite

emergency, the DEA will declare the emergency via

Annexure 1 and communicate the same to the au-

thorities and agencies listed there under along with

other responders. The various authorities and agen-

cies shall discharge their responsibility and carry out

all such tasks that the situation on hand may call for.

8.3 Marriage of Chapter 5, 6, 7

Chapter 5 deals with projection of emergency �

scenarios

Chapter 6 deals with identification of resources �

Chapter 7 deals with roles and responsibilities �

An emergency scenario is an undesired event that

may occur. Resources both material and intellectual

are required to mitigate the possible effect of an

emergency scenario. The people involved in applying

the resources for mitigation should discharge their

expected roles and responsibilities intelligently and

faithfully. Thus, we must in advance keep the resourc-

es and roles-responsibilities mapped to the emergen-

cy scenario. This mapping is determinedly referred

to as the ‘Marriage of Chapter 5, 6 and 7). PRESTELS

recommends PAC analysis for developing a complete

course of response in case of an emergency.

(see information on PAC analysis attached in Part C)

8.4 Discharging and Co-Ordination of Roles and Responsibilities

It is of utmost importance that all authorities

and stakeholders involved in disaster mitigation

discharge their roles and responsibilities in letter

and spirit. It is for this purpose necessary to ensure

that the authorities and stakeholders know with full

awareness their roles and responsibilities.

Chapter 8

Emergency Response Plan


9.1 Calling off Emergency

Having satisfied himself that the emergency is over,

the DEA shall call off the emergency via Annexure

5. The calling off of emergency shall restore life to

normalcy and curtail the spread of misinformation,

rumours giving opportunism for exploitation of the

situation. The emergency camps set up shall contin-

ue to function after calling off of emergency till they

provide all the needed support to the aggrieved.

9.2 Controlling Long-Term Damage

The emergency may affect natural resources of soil,

water and air. The PCB unit shall make assessment

of the areas adjoining the emergency scene where

such a damage may take place. The PCB shall submit

their report to the DEA via Annexure 6. The DEA

shall act on the information and recommendation

Chapter 9

Post-Emergency Restoration

provided by the PCB.

9.3 Investigation Studies and Reporting

The DEA shall appoint a committee constituting the

necessary stakeholders who may be necessary to

carry out thorough investigation into the emergency

as well as introspection of the response actions and

measures. The investigation reporting shall be via

Annexure 7. The investigation report shall become a

part of Chapter 10 of this report. The lessons drawn

from the investigation shall be incorporated into

this plan in the appropriate chapters.

9.4 Compensation and Settlements

The compensation and settlements shall be carried

out by the DEA. The DEA shall process compensations

as claimed under the PLIA.


Chapter 10

Past Accidents in the District

The investigation reports of offsite emergencies made

via Annexure 7 shall be filed in this chapter. The notes

Table 34. Lessons from Past Accidents

Sr. Off-site Emergency Reference with Investigation Report No:

Notes of changes made in the plan

Remarks

of changes made in the plan drawing lessons from

the off-site emergency shall be recorded in this plan


Mock drills are exercises to test the effectiveness

of plan. Mock drills must be carried out at periodic

intervals as specified in the MSIHC rules (i.e. once in

a year). The lessons drawn from Mock drills must be

used to improve the plan. The Mock drill reports via

Chapter 11

Mock Drills

Table 35. Lessons from Mock Drills

Annexure 8 shall be filed in this chapter.

The notes of changes made in the plan drawing les-

sons from the mock drills shall be recorded in this

plan

Sr. Off-Site Emergency Reference With Investigation Report No:

Notes Of Changes Made In The Plan

Remarks


I declare Off-site Emergency in the district of [NAME OF THE DISTRICT] starting at this _____________________

hour on this day of ________________________________________________________________________.

DEA:[NAME, SIGNATURE AND SEAL]

Date: [DATE]

Information to the following be made via phone followed by written communication

aNNeXUre 1

Declaration of Off-site Emergency

Sr. No. Authority Name of Person(s) Contact Number(s) Address

1. Police

2 Fire Brigade

3 Medical Department

4 Factories Inspectorate

5 Mutual Aid Group

6 Pollution Control Board

7 Media

8 Other Authorities


aNNeXUre 2

Possessors of the Copy of Off-site Emergency Plan

Sr. No. Authority Name of Person(s) Contact Number(s)

Postal Address Put √ On Receipt Confirmation

1. Police Commissioner

2 Fire Brigade

3 Medical Officer

4 Technical Experts

5 Mutual Aid Group



8 Other Authorities


aNNeXUre 3

Communication of Change in Copy of this Plan to all Possessors of the Copy of Off-site Emergency Plan

Sr. Page Number Existing Information Change(s) Made

Sr. No. Authority Name of Person(s)

Contact Number(s)

Postal Address Put √ On Receipt Confirmation

1. Police Commissioner

2 Fire Brigade

3 Medical Officer

4 Technical Experts

5 Mutual Aid Group



8 Other Authorities

The following change(s) are made to the version ___________________________________ of the Off-site

Emergency Plan dated _________________________________________.

Communication to the following:


To,

The DEA,

(The Maintenance Officer)

Off-site Emergency Plan,

[NAME AND ADDRESS]

Date:________________

Sub: Change information for updating Off-site Emergency Plan

Dear Sir/Madam,

Please note the following change(s) in the Off-site Emergency Plan:

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Please incorporate the above changes in the plan with effect from

(Date): _______________

Thanking you,

Yours Faithfully,

[NAME, SIGNATURE AND SEAL OF THE AUTHORITY AND DATE]

aNNeXUre 4

Communication of Change in Positions, Address and Phone Numbers to the Maintenance Officer of the Plan


I call off the declared Off-site Emergency in the district of [NAME OF THE DISTRICT] starting at this

___________________ hour on this day of _________________________________.

DEA:[NAME, SIGNATURE AND SEAL]

Date: [DATE]

Information to the following be made via phone followed by telegram

aNNeXUre 5

Calling off the Declared Off-site Emergency

Sr. No. Authority Name of Person(s) Contact Number(s) Address

1. Police

2 Fire Brigade

3 Medical Department


5 Mutual Aid Group


7 Media

8 Other Authorities


aNNeXUre 6

To

DEA

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

cc: Factory Inspector

___________________________________________

Submission of Report on Long Term Damage or its Possibility

Sr. Area affected Description Required Actions Remarks

___________________________________________

Sd/- Pollution Control Board

__________________________________________

__________________________________________


Investigation Report No:

Name of Event �

Accident Description �

Cause of Accident �

Effects of Accident �

a1. No. of people dead

a2. No. of people injured

aNNeXUre 7

Investigation Reporting

Sr. Agency Response(s) Remarks

b. Property damage(s)

c. Pollution (short-term)

d. Pollution (long-term)

Lessons to be drawn from the event �

Resource Gap:•

Communication Gap: •

Others: •

Response measures taken �


aNNeXUre 8

Mock Drill No: �

Mock Drill Scenario Description: �

Observations: �

Mock Drill Reporting

Sr. Response Agency Response Observation and Comments Remarks

Lessons to be drawn from the event �

Resource Gap:•

Communication Gap: •

Others: •

Response measures taken �

Sr. Agency Response(s) Remarks


ERDS for CHLORINE

SYNONYMS: NoneFormula: Cl

2

Yellow/Green Colour, Gas, Pungent Door,

Corrosive (Chlorine gas is heavier than air and

dispersion is slow)

aNNeXUre 9

Sample ERDS for Chlorine

Flammable : NO

Flash Point : N.A.

LEL – UEL : N.A.

Toxic : YES

IDLH : 10 ppm

TLV : 1 ppm

I. General Response Actions

ON-SITE: Stop Chlorine leakage, if possible �

safely.

Wear Self Contained Breathing Apparatus �

(SCBA) and use Chlorine Emergency Kit.

INFORM people to stay confined indoors with �

doors and windows tightly shut and ventilators

and ACs off.

SHELTER AND CONFINE unhoused people to �

an indoor area outside likely cloud travel path

Use water spray/fog to disperse and dilute �

vapors.

Collect runoff for disposal as potential �

hazardous waste.

II. Evacuation Zone Dimensions

Sr. Mass of Release (tonnes)

Appx. Vulnerable Distance (m) (in the direction of wind)

Appx. Time to reach Max.

Vulnerable dist. (min)

1 1 3000* 5*

2 5 5000* 8*

3 10 6000* 10*

III. Fire

Chlorine is non flammable, so the cascading �

effect in case of fire explosion is absent. Hence,

no Domino Effect.

However, it may ignite or explode on contact �

with combustible materials.

Suggested ActionsUse water, spray/fog as extinguishing medium. �

Do not use dry chemicals, carbon dioxide or �

halogenated extinguishing agents.

For large fires-Flood with fine water spray. �

* The figures in above table are not true values but arbitrary for demonstrating the concept

(The above values are reference values for a particular Maximum Credible Loss Scenario and are to be used only in absence of any other values, only as an aid to form a judgement)


IV. Medical

DangersPoisonous if inhaled. Fatality may be caused �

due to inhalation when concentration in air is

greater than 10 ppm (IDLH)

Low level exposures to Chlorine in air will cause �

eye/skin/airway irritation, sore throat and cough.

At higher levels of exposure, signs and symptoms �

may progress to chest tightness, wheezing,

dyspnoea, and bronchospasm.

Low level exposures to Chlorine gas will cause �

eye and skin irritation. Higher exposures may

result in severe chemical burns or ulcerations.

Exposure to compressed liquid Chlorine may

cause frostbite of the skin and eyes.

Suggested ActionsInhalational Chlorine poisoning can be treated �

with supportive care and can include adminis-

tration of humidified oxygen, bronchodilators

and airway management.

Pulmonary oedema may be delayed and, there- �

fore, patients should be monitored for up to 24

hours following severe inhalation exposures.

Antidotes N.A. �

V. Pollution

A leak of Chlorine vapour poses a significant air �

pollution hazard.

Chlorine is heavier than air and � dispersion is

slow. Hence, state of emergency will last longer.

CHLORINE ERDS – PAGE 2 OF 3

VI. Chemical Information

A] Chemical ReactivityReactivity with Water:

Chlorine is sparingly soluble in water. The water

solubility of Chlorine is 0.7% @ 20°C.

Reactivity with Common Materials

Chlorine is aggressive to certain non-metallic mate-

rial like natural rubber and many plastics; therefore

equipment and hoses must be suitable for Chlorine.

Chlorine is chemically stable. It is incompatible with

strong oxidizers.

It does not react with common materials but may

react with oxidizing materials.

Olefinic impurities may lead to narcotic effect or it

may act like a simple Asphyxiate.

Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization will not

occur

B] Combustion ProductsNot Applicable since Chlorine is not flammable.

C] PropertiesPhysical State at 15°C and 1atm.: Gas �

TLV: � 1 ppm

DLH: � 10 ppm

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: � 70.906

BOILING POINT: � -34°C

FREEZING POINT: � -101°C

VAPOR PRESSURE: � 5168 mmHg @ 21°C

VAPOR DENSITY (air=1): � 2.49

LIQUID DENSITY(water=1): � 1.56 @ -34°C

LIQUID VAPOR CONVERSION: � 1:450


Guidelines for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan | C-1 |

Work book

on

Prestels - PAC Analysis

Part - C

| C-2 | Guidelines for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan


Introduction

The PAC analysis is a method developed by PRESTELS

for developing Emergency Response Plan for a

particular emergency scenario. The PAC analysis

clarifies the roles and responsibilities of various

responders, actions to be taken and communication

to be made. The PAC analysis throws light on the

resources required to combat emergency. It also draws

attention to the specifics of communication that must

be made.

P-A-C

The term PAC stands for Person – Action – Com-

munication. During an emergency, each responder

is required to take certain Action and make certain

Communication. The PAC analysis charts the Actions

to be taken and the Communication to be made

against every responder. The analysis begins at the

onset of signs for a looming disaster and ends with

the ‘calling-off’ of the off-site emergency.

PersonThe person is an individual authority or role such

as District Collector or Site Controller. It may also

be group of people such as Police Constables, Bus

Drivers or NGOs volunteers.

ActionThe action is an act undertaken by person such as

assessment of damage potential or projection of

vulnerable zone or transportation of person from

one place to another or diversion of traffic.

PAC Analysis for Emergency Scenarios

CommunicationCommunication is a message communicated from

one person to other person(s) to initiate actions

from the person(s) to whom the message is

communicated.

Explanation of Columns on the PAC sheet

PersonPrimary

Here, enter name of authority, role such as District

Collector, Police officer or Site Incident Controller.

Enter the name of persons in brackets.

Alternate

Here, enter name of person who will assume

temporary charge in absence of the person listed in

the Primary.

ActionAct

Here, enter the activities to be undertaken such

as Assess Damage, Divert Traffic and others by

concerned persons.

Resource

Here enter the resource(s) required by the person

to carry out his Act sufficiently and efficiently. e.g.:

Nose Masks, Ambulances, Water etc.

Communication Whom

Here enter the authority, role to whom the commu-

nication must be made. Enter the name of person in

brackets


How

Here, enter the means of communication and phone

numbers as:

INT: for internal line numbers

O: for office landline numbers

R: for residence landline numbers

M: for mobile numbers

What

Here, enter the specifics of message to be commu-

nicated

RemarksThis section is to be used for making observations on

the Person – Action – Communication proceeds. This

section may be filled during a Mock Drill exercise

Time

Here, enter the clock time at the completion of

a particular Person – Action – Communication

Sequence.

Resource Gap

Here, enter the shortcoming in resources and

additional resources necessary

Communication Gap

Here, enter communication gaps observed

Other

Here, enter other observations, comments or

suggestions

Serial Numbering Rules for PAC SheetEvery row of PAC corresponds to the entity ‘Person’.

Number rows as ‘1, 2, 3…etc.’. For every ‘Person’, there

will be numbers of actions. Label ‘Act’ as ‘a, b, c…etc’.

Every ‘Act’ will have its resource requirement. Label

‘Resources’ as ‘a, b, c…etc’ corresponding to the

respective ‘Act’. Likewise, one ‘Person’ may have to

communicated to many others. Under communication

columns, label ‘Whom’ as ‘a, b, c…etc’ and label the

‘How’ and ‘What’ as ‘a, b, c…etc’ corresponding to

the ‘Whom’ respectively. (see examples for clarity of

labelling serial numbers. Wherever required grouping

of serial numbers such as ‘a, b)’ or ‘a-f )’ is permitted.

Where only one item exists labelling can be dropped.

However, every label in ‘Act’ column must have a

corresponding label in ‘Resources’ column and every

label in ‘Whom’ column must have a corresponding

label in ‘How’ and ‘What’ column. In case a particular

‘Act’ does not require any ‘Resources’, then the entry

may be made as ‘-’ in the Resources column.

Benefits of PAC

The benefits of PAC are as under:

Clarity of roles and responsibilities to people �

involved in emergency management.

Identification of resource gaps for resource �

planning and procurement.

Specificity of communication and improvement �

in communication messages, which is crucial to

efficient response mitigation.

Improved specificity of observations during �

mock-drills and identification of improvement

opportunities.

The PAC can be a very effective tool for training �

emergency responders.


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Co

ntr

olle

r

Res

ou

rces

re

qu

ired

to c

arry

o

ut

the

assi

gn

ed

acti

on

s

Wh

o is

to b

e co

nta

cted

Ho

w is

th

e p

erso

n to

be

con

tact

ed (I

NT:

Inte

rnal

lin

e, O

: Off

ice

lan

dlin

es, R

: R

esid

ence

lan

dlin

es, M

: M

ob

iles)

Wh

at is

th

e m

essa

ge

to b

e co

mm

un

icat

ed

Tim

e ta

ken

R

eso

urc

e g

aps

ob

serv

edC

om

mu

nic

atio

n

gap

s o

bse

rved

Oth

er

rem

arks

, if

any

Po

lice

Off

icer

(M

r. B.

G.

Kas

hap

)

Mo

bile

- La

nd

line

(255

0025

) Ex

ten

t o

f d

amag

e,

Exte

nt

of

dis

aste

r p

oss

ible


Case Study 1 - Chlorine Leak

ScenarioA chlorine pipeline connected to the bulk storage

tank is ruptured. Initially about 500 kg of liquid

chlorine leaks out creating a major emergency. The

flow is stopped by applying special cement, and

the transfer of chlorine to the spare tank is started.

However, there is a danger of escalation because

the cement could give way to the internal pressure

before the transfer is completed. Thus, the off-site

plan is activated including evacuation. The scenario

incorporates situations illustrating how the plan is

activated, how each responder responds and what

problems arise.

DevelopmentThe incident occurs at 4-30 pm when the second �

shift has started.

As soon as the emergency occurs, the shift �

maintenance engineer assumes charge of

Incident Controller. The Dy. Chief Engineer who

is in charge of the factory at that time assumes

the charge of Site Controller. He informs the

District Collector, Fire Brigade, Police, Medical

Officer and other agencies. He informs the Chief

Maintenance Engineer, who arrives and takes

over as the Incident Controller. He informs the

CEO/Manager, who immediately reaches factory

and then takes over as Site Controller from Dy.

Chief Engineer.

The RDC who was in the office when the �

message is received assumes the charge and

informs the Collector who reaches office in 15

minutes. Before the Collector arrives, the RDC

has activated the Plan and has informed the

Fire Brigade, Police, Medical Officer, Transport

provider among responders and has confirmed

that they have received the information and

have initiated their action.

Meanwhile the Site Controller procures and �

projects the details on extent of emergency and

informs it to the District Collector, Fire Brigade,

Police and other responders. He informs that

the situation is getting under control but can

develop into a major emergency requiring

intimation to public to stay confined indoors

and evacuation from certain areas. He also

identifies the area likely to be affected and gives

the details to the agencies.

The Police block the traffic, send a vehicle with �

loud speaker to alert public to go stay confined

indoors. Those who are on the streets are

directed to walk crosswind.

Police realize that a public meeting is going on �

an open ground nearby. A constable is sent to ask

the public to walk away in particular direction

and get inside confined shelters. The leaders

of the political party conducting the meeting

(which is the opposition party) take it amiss and

refuse to disperse, taking it as a ploy to prevent

their meeting. A senior officer is deputed with a

police van. The leaders understand the gravity

and situation is under control. People start

evacuating the ground.

In a nearby cinema house a show is going on. �

Police inform the manager of cinema theatre.

An announcement is made to ask the people

to stay inside. The air conditioning system is

stopped. As the AC system is stopped the people

are uncomfortable and in bad mood. Situation

is tactfully controlled.

Hutments near the factory, are not “gas-proof”, �

staying inside is not safe. The Collector asks

State Transport to dispatch buses to undertake

evacuation. The ST drivers refuse, questioning

about their safety. There are no PPE for them.

They are persuaded to go with wet cloth tied

over the nose. A decision is taken to evacuate

women, children and old people first. They are


shifted to “shelters” (such as school). Food and

water arrangements are made through the civil

supplies department and help from NGOs.

There is a milk dairy in the vicinity. The cattle are �

in open sheds and hence not safe. Evacuation is

difficult. The diary owners are asked to cover the

sides of the sheds by tarpaulin sheets, which are

provided by the nearby supplier.

People affected by chlorine are shifted to �

hospitals and treated by medical teams.

The Fire Brigade tenders help the Incident �

Controller to establish water curtains.

Ambulance is kept ready near the incident-spot, �

in case anybody from the incident controller’s

team gets affected.

The District Collector continuously monitors �

the actions being taken and ensures proper co-

ordination amongst the responding agencies.

The District Collector also requests for additional

assistance from the neighbouring districts

and the State Authorities. The Collector also is

constantly in touch with the Site Controller at

the factory to know the status and to ascertain

the developing situation. (For example, the wind

direction may change, leak may aggravate.)

The Incident Controller and his team work �

hard and ensure that the emergency does not

escalate further and Chlorine is transferred from

the affected tank to the spare tank.

When the Chlorine transfer to safe spare tank is �

complete, the Site Controller informs the District

Collector, who calls off the emergency.

Arrangements are made to ensure that the �

people who were shifted from the hutments are

again brought back to their homes. The Factory

Inspectorate initiates accident investigation. The

Pollution Control Board alerts the District Col-

lector on the possible pollution and its effects

on near and distant future. The long term clean

up and post-emergency restoration activities

and initiated.


PAC

Anal

ysis

PR

ESTE

LSPA

C A

NA

LYSI

S fo

r EM

ERG

ENC

Y S

CEN

AR

IOS

- ILL

UST

RA

TIO

N P

UR

PO

SE O

NLY

Emer

gen

cy S

cen

ario

Des

crip

tio

n: 1

0T

Ch

lori

ne

Bu

llet

leak

at

AB

C C

hem

ical

s, A

nan

dn

agar

(02

61

)

Sr.

Per

son

Act

ion

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

P

rim

ary

Alt

ern

ate

Act

Res

ou

rce

Wh

om

How

W

ha

t

1In

cid

ent

Co

ntr

olle

r (R

ahu

l Paw

ar)

(An

and

Sa

xen

a)a)

Att

end

to le

akag

e w

ith

mai

nte

nan

ce

team

.

b) S

tart

tra

nsf

er a

ctiv

ity.

c) U

se n

eutr

aliz

ing

m

ediu

m fo

r sp

illed

liq

uid

, fo

g a

nd

wat

er

curt

ain

to p

reve

nt

spre

ad.

a) T

eam

of t

rain

ed

wo

rker

s, eq

uip

men

t fo

r re

pai

rs, e

mer

gen

cy k

it,

loca

l exh

aust

, SC

BA

s, sp

ecia

l qu

ick

sett

ing

ce

men

t.

b) P

erm

anen

t p

ipin

g

arra

ng

emen

t fo

r tr

ansf

er to

oth

er

sto

rag

e ve

ssel

.

c) N

eutr

aliz

ing

m

ediu

m, g

as

scru

bb

ing

ar

ran

gem

ent,

wat

er fo

r cr

eati

ng

fog

an

d w

ater

cu

rtai

n.

Site

Co

ntr

olle

rIN

T: 2

02, O

: 232

432,

M:

9823

2435

34C

hlo

rin

e le

ak fr

om

pip

e o

f bu

lk s

tora

ge

tan

k, fl

ow

bei

ng

sto

pp

ed te

mp

ora

rily

by

usi

ng

cem

ent,

tran

sfer

bei

ng

sta

rted

, Hel

p

of F

ire

Bri

gad

e fo

r fo

g a

nd

wat

er c

urt

ain

n

eed

ed, A

sses

sed

qu

anti

ty s

pill

ed a

bo

ut

300

kg a

nd

th

at l

eak

may

sta

rt a

gai

n if

ce-

men

t g

ives

way

.

2Si

te C

on

tro

ller

(Nee

raj P

atel

)

(Ku

nja

n

Pars

i)b

) Co

ord

inat

e ac

tio

ns

wit

h In

cid

ent

Co

ntr

olle

r fo

r sta

ff, m

ater

ial,

equ

ipm

ent,

exp

erts

ad

vice

an

d a

rran

ge

for

hel

p.

c) Id

enti

fy if

all

wo

rker

s ar

e sa

fe a

nd

arr

ang

e fo

r re

scu

e w

her

e n

eces

sary

.

a) T

emp

late

s, w

ind

sock

, p

lan

t an

d a

rea

map

b) I

nte

rnal

tele

ph

on

e

c) T

ran

spo

rt fo

r in

jure

d

d) C

omm

unic

atio

n ce

ntr

e

a) D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or

b) P

olic

e

c) F

ire

Bri

gad

e

e) F

acto

ry

Insp

ecto

r

f) M

utu

al A

id

rep

rese

nta

tive

g) M

edia

a) O

: 252

483,

R: 2

5421

8,

M:9

8813

6707

4

b

) O: 2

4345

4, R

: 23

5434

, M:9

3248

3495

6

c) O

: 223

241,

R: 2

1232

4,

M:9

7865

6889

9

d

) O: 2

3754

8, R

: 22

4844

, M:9

9212

3752

7

e) O

: 269

874,

R:

2632

54, M

:976

6303

009

f)

O: 2

3435

3, R

: 253

453,

M

:983

4323

453

g) O

: 271

258,

R: 2

5451

4,

M:9

8235

4875

9

a-f)

Th

e n

atu

re o

f em

erg

ency

, co

nse

-q

uen

ces,

area

like

ly to

be

affe

cted

pre

sen

tly

and

if e

mer

gen

cy is

esc

alat

ed, w

hat

hel

p is

re

qu

ired

g) N

atu

re o

f em

erg

ency

, are

a lik

ely

to b

e af

fect

ed a

nd

pre

cau

tio

ns

to b

e ta

ken

by

pu

blic

at

larg

e


Sr.

Per

son

Act

ion

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

P

rim

ary

Alt

ern

ate

Act

Res

ou

rce

Wh

om

How

W

ha

t

3D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or

(Asi

m S

hei

kh )

Ass

t. D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or

(Sh

yam

M

itta

l)

a) C

on

firm

th

at P

olic

e,

Fire

Bri

gad

e an

d

Med

ical

Off

icer

hav

e re

ceiv

ed in

form

atio

n

and

act

ivat

ed t

hei

r Pla

n.

Dir

ect

them

su

itab

ly.

b) D

irec

t co

nce

rned

R

even

ue

off

icia

l fo

r ev

acu

atio

n, s

hel

teri

ng

ar

ran

gem

ent

wh

erev

er

nec

essa

ry.

c) M

on

ito

r sit

uat

ion

at

fact

ory

co

nti

nu

ou

sly

and

in t

he

affe

cted

are

a an

d is

sues

dir

ecti

on

s to

re

spo

nd

ers.

d) R

equ

isit

ion

fro

m

Au

tho

riti

es a

nd

A

gen

cies

(bo

th

Gov

ern

men

t an

d

Priv

ate)

su

ch a

s Tr

ansp

ort

atio

n, W

ater

, El

ectr

icit

y Pr

ovid

ers

as

nec

essa

ry.

e) A

rran

ge

Med

ia

Cen

tre

to g

ive

info

rmat

ion

to m

edia

, p

ub

lic, f

amili

es.

a-d

) Are

a m

ap,

vuln

erab

ility

te

mp

late

s, te

lep

ho

nes

e) C

om

mu

nic

atio

n

cen

tre

a) P

olic

e

b) F

ire

Bri

gad

e

c) M

edic

al

off

icer

d) S

tate

Tr

ansp

ort

d

epo

t m

anag

er

e) E

lect

rici

ty

bo

ard

off

icia

ls

f) W

ater

su

pp

ly

off

icer

(Mr.

Aru

n

Iyer

)

g) S

up

ply

o

ffic

er

(Rev

enu

e D

ept.)

(Mr.S

.G.

Kulk

arn

i )

h) S

tati

on

M

aste

r, A

nan

dn

agar

i) M

edia

j) O

uts

ide

Dis

tric

t A

uth

ori

ties

(n

eig

hb

ou

rin

g

dis

tric

ts, S

tate

au

tho

rity

)

a) O

: 243

454,

R: 2

3543

4,

M:9

3248

3495

6

b

) O: 2

2324

1, R

: 21

2324

, M:9

7865

6889

9

c) O

: 237

548,

R: 2

2484

4,

M:9

9212

3752

7

d

) O: 2

4258

7, R

: 28

4522

, M:9

8658

4213

5

e) E

lect

rici

ty b

oar

d

off

icia

ls

f) O

: 265

489,

R:

254

824,

M:9

8815

6874

8 g

) O: 2

7154

8, R

: 25

4621

, M:9

9215

7846

8

h) O

: 269

387,

R:

2421

54, M

:992

2458

789

i)

O: 2

7125

8, R

: 254

514,

M

:982

3548

759

j) O

: 265

398,

R: 2

7468

2,

M:9

3687

5412

5

a) In

form

Po

lice

abo

ut

nat

ure

of e

mer

gen

-cy

, per

sist

ing

win

d d

irec

tio

n, a

ffec

ted

are

as,

iso

lati

on

are

a, a

rran

gem

ent

for w

arn

ing

an

d p

rep

arat

ion

for e

vacu

atio

n.

b) I

nfo

rm F

ire

Bri

gad

e ab

ou

t n

atu

re o

f em

erg

ency

, win

d d

irec

tio

n, c

asu

alti

es in

th

e fa

cto

ry, r

escu

e re

qu

irem

ent,

mit

igat

ion

re

qu

irem

ents

.

c) In

form

med

ical

off

icer

ab

ou

t n

atu

re o

f em

erg

ency

, cas

ual

ties

in t

he

fact

ory

, are

a lik

ely

to b

e af

fect

ed. D

irec

t m

edic

al o

ffic

er

to a

lert

ho

spit

als

in t

he

area

.

d) I

nfo

rm S

tate

Tra

nsp

ort

dep

ot

man

ager

ab

ou

t n

atu

re o

f em

erg

ency

, lik

ely

affe

cted

ar

ea. D

irec

t h

im to

kee

p b

use

s re

ady

wit

h

dri

vers

, fu

ll w

ith

fuel

an

d a

wai

t in

stru

ctio

ns

fro

m D

C/p

olic

e.

e) D

irec

t el

ectr

icit

y b

oar

d o

ffic

ials

to e

nsu

re

con

stan

t el

ectr

ic s

up

ply

to t

he

area

.

f) D

irec

t w

ater

su

pp

ly o

ffic

er to

en

sure

co

n-

tin

uo

us

wat

er s

up

ply

wit

h p

rop

er p

ress

ure

.

g) A

lert

su

pp

ly o

ffic

er (r

even

ue

dep

t.)

and

inst

ruct

him

to b

e re

ady

to a

rran

ge

to e

vacu

ate

peo

ple

in c

oo

rdin

atio

n w

ith

p

olic

e an

d to

arr

ang

e fo

r pro

vid

ing

saf

e sh

elte

rs, f

oo

d.

h) D

irec

t st

atio

n m

aste

r, A

nan

dn

agar

to

sto

p t

he

traf

fic o

n t

he

railw

ay li

ne

pas

sin

g

thro

ug

h t

he

area

like

ly to

be

affe

cted

.

i) A

rran

ge

for i

nfo

rmin

g p

ub

lic t

hro

ug

h lo

-ca

l cab

le T

V, S

MS,

loca

l FM

Rad

io, P

A s

yste

m.

j) R

equ

est

for a

ll ad

dit

ion

al h

elp

req

uir

ed to

m

itig

ate

the

emer

gen

cy.


Sr.

Per

son

Act

ion

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

P

rim

ary

Alt

ern

ate

Act

Res

ou

rce

Wh

om

How

W

ha

t

4Fi

re B

rig

ade

Ch

ief

(Dh

anaj

ay

Tam

be)

Dep

uty

Fi

re C

hie

f (P

urs

ho

ttam

A

gar

wal

a) A

rran

ge

for w

ater

cu

rtai

ns

and

fog

aro

un

d

the

spill

ed li

qu

id

chlo

rin

e in

ass

oci

atio

n

wit

h t

he

fact

ory

fire

te

am.

b) R

escu

e th

e af

fect

ed

per

son

s. Ev

acu

ate

them

an

d o

ther

cas

ual

ties

an

d h

and

ove

r to

m

edic

al te

am.

a) W

ater

, noz

zles

for

fog

an

d c

urt

ain

, fir

e te

nd

ers,

SCB

As.

b) F

ire

ten

der

wit

h

exte

nd

ible

lad

der

s, SC

BA

s, st

retc

her

s, ar

ran

gem

ent

to lo

wer

th

e st

retc

her

s fr

om

h

eig

ht.

a) F

ire

Bri

gad

e (n

eig

hb

ou

rin

g

Dis

tric

t)

b) M

edic

al

Off

icer

c) D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or

a) O

: 223

241,

R: 2

1232

4,

M:9

7865

6889

9

b

) O: 2

3754

8, R

: 22

4844

, M:9

9212

3752

7

c) O

: 252

483,

R: 2

5421

8,

M:9

8813

6707

4

a) R

equ

est

for f

ire

ten

der

s.

b) I

nfo

rm lo

cati

on

of a

ffec

ted,

resc

ued

p

erso

ns.

c) R

equ

est

for a

dd

itio

nal

ass

ista

nce

fro

m

Fire

Bri

gad

e o

f nei

gh

bo

uri

ng

cit

ies,

dis

tric

ts

if re

qu

ired

.

5Po

lice

Sup

er-

inte

nd

ent

(Bh

up

ind

er

Sin

gh

)

Dep

uty

Po

-lic

e Su

per

-in

ten

den

t (S

hee

la

Sag

ar)

a) C

ord

on

off

are

a, s

top

tr

affic

go

ing

tow

ard

s af

-fe

cted

are

a.b

) Arr

ang

e fo

r war

nin

g p

ub

lic.c

) A

rran

ge

for p

erso

n-

nel

at

vari

ou

s sp

ots

to

mai

nta

in la

w a

nd

o

rder

.d) S

end

Po

lice

to p

ub

lic c

on

gre

ga-

tio

n to

ask

th

em to

st

ay c

on

fined

.e) M

ake

arra

ng

emen

ts to

ev

acu

ate

dw

elle

rs fr

om

n

eig

hb

ou

rin

g h

ut-

men

ts, w

hic

h a

re li

kely

to

be

affe

cted

. Han

d

over

ch

arg

e o

f eva

cu-

ees

to re

ven

ue

off

icer

.f)

Inte

ract

co

nti

nu

ou

sly

wit

h s

ite

con

tro

ller a

nd

D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or.

a) B

arri

cad

esb

) PA

sy

stem

fixe

d o

n

a je

epc-

e) P

olic

e Pe

rso

nn

el, v

ehic

lesf

) Te

lep

ho

ne

a)

Co

mm

and

ant

Ho

me

Gu

ard

sb)

Co

mm

and

ant

Civ

il D

efen

cec)

St

ate

Tran

spo

rt

Man

ager

d)

Dis

tric

t C

olle

cto

re)

Nei

gh

bo

uri

ng

D

istr

ict

Hea

dq

uar

ters

a) O

: 274

521,

R:

2656

28, M

:932

6587

418

b

) O

: 271

258,

R: 2

6587

4,

M:9

8235

8745

8

c) O

: 274

485,

R:

2665

82, M

:992

1587

485

d

) O

: 252

483,

R: 2

5421

8,

M:9

8813

6707

4

e)

O: 2

7562

4, R

: 254

824,

M

:989

0254

781

a) In

form

wh

ere

they

are

nee

ded

an

d a

bo

ut

acti

on

to b

e ta

ken

.b) I

nfo

rm w

her

e th

ey a

re

nee

ded

an

d a

bo

ut

acti

on

to b

e ta

ken

.c) R

e-q

ues

t to

arr

ang

e b

use

s to

eva

cuat

e p

eop

le

fro

m p

ub

lic c

on

gre

gat

ion

an

d h

utm

ents

.d)

Info

rm g

rou

nd

-sta

tus

and

req

ues

t fo

r ad

dit

ion

al a

rran

gem

ents

or m

easu

res

to

be

take

n.e

) In

form

em

erg

ency

an

d a

sk fo

r ad

dit

ion

al s

taff

an

d re

sou

rces

.


Sr.

Per

son

Act

ion

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

P

rim

ary

Alt

ern

ate

Act

Res

ou

rce

Wh

om

How

W

ha

t

6M

edic

al O

f-fic

er

(Sm

riti

Jai

n)

Ass

t. M

edi-

cal O

ffic

er

(Lee

la J

ain

)

a) A

rran

ge

for a

mb

u-

lan

ces,

do

cto

rs a

nd

st

aff.

b) A

rran

ge

for

oxyg

en a

nd

oth

er

req

uir

emen

ts fo

r em

erg

ency

tre

at-

men

t.

a) A

mb

ula

nce

s, D

oct

ors

, Nu

rsin

g

staf

f

b) O

xyg

en C

ylin

der

s

Iden

tifie

d

ho

spit

als

and

d

oct

ors

a) O

: 254

287,

R:

256

428,

M

:996

0254

713

Info

rm a

bo

ut

nat

ure

of e

mer

gen

cy,

and

ask

th

em to

be

read

y fo

r tre

at-

men

t. In

form

ab

ou

t lik

ely

nu

mb

er

of c

asu

alti

es a

nd

ask

th

em to

mak

e b

eds

avai

lab

le p

rom

ptl

y, d

isp

atch

am

bu

lan

ces

and

pic

k u

p c

asu

alti

es in

co

ord

inat

ion

wit

h P

olic

e an

d o

ther

au

tho

riti

es.

7St

ate

Tran

s-p

ort

Man

-ag

er (P

rab

ha

Rao

)

Ass

t. St

ate

Tran

spo

rt

Man

ager

(P

un

it M

al-

ho

tra)

a) K

eep

veh

icle

s re

ady

wit

h d

rive

rs

and

wit

h s

uff

icie

nt

fuel

. Asc

erta

in n

um

-b

er o

f bu

ses,

pic

k p

oin

ts, r

ou

tes

and

d

esti

nat

ion

s fr

om

D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or

and

Po

lice.

Dis

pat

ch

veh

icle

s w

ith

nec

es-

sary

inst

ruct

ion

s to

d

rive

rs a

s d

irec

ted

by

Polic

e /

Dis

tric

t C

ol-

lect

or f

or e

vacu

atio

n,

or f

or t

ran

spo

rtat

ion

o

f pro

visi

on

s.

b) A

rran

ge

for m

ore

ve

hic

les

fro

m o

ther

d

epo

ts if

req

uir

ed.

a) B

use

s, w

ater

ta

nke

rs, D

rive

rs.

b) T

elep

ho

ne

a) P

olic

e/D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or

b) O

ther

d

epo

ts fo

r ad

dit

ion

al

veh

icle

s

a) O

: 243

454,

R:

235

434,

M

:932

4834

956

/ O

: 25

2483

, R: 2

5421

8,

M:9

8813

6707

4

b) O

: 254

872,

R:

274

215,

M

:976

6245

842

a) D

etai

ls o

f req

uir

emen

ts o

f bu

ses,

pic

kup

po

ints

, ro

ute

s, d

esti

nat

ion

s

b) R

equ

irem

ent

for a

dd

itio

nal

veh

icle

s

8Fa

cto

ry

Insp

ecto

r in

-ch

arg

e o

f Dis

tric

t (A

kash

Sa

tpu

te)

Dep

uty

Fa

cto

ry

Insp

ecto

r (M

anis

h

Gir

i)

a) V

isit

sit

e in

co

ord

i-n

atio

n w

ith

tech

nic

al

exp

erts

.

b) I

nves

tig

ate

acci

-d

ent

in d

ue

cou

rse.

a) T

ran

spo

rt

arra

ng

emen

t.

b) I

nves

tig

atio

n

form

a) E

xper

ts

b) M

utu

al A

id

Mem

ber

s

a) O

: 264

489,

R:

2725

48, M

:932

6548

713

b

) O

: 254

687,

R: 2

6982

4,

M:9

4228

7541

4

a) In

form

ab

ou

t em

erg

ency

an

d s

eek

thei

r tec

hn

ical

ad

vice

.

b) D

irec

t to

pro

vid

e as

sist

ance

in h

an-

dlin

g e

mer

gen

cy.


Sr.

Per

son

Act

ion

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

P

rim

ary

Alt

ern

ate

Act

Res

ou

rce

Wh

om

How

W

ha

t

9Te

chn

ical

Ex-

per

t (K

amal

M

eno

n)

(Tas

lim

Shet

ty),

(Pri

tam

K

aur)

a) R

esp

on

d w

ith

ap

-p

rop

riat

e te

chn

ical

ad

vice

to t

he

fact

ory

, D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or,

Polic

e, F

ire

Bri

gad

e,

med

ical

off

icer

, fac

-to

ry in

spec

tor.

b) V

isit

sit

e in

co

ord

i-n

atio

n w

ith

Dis

tric

t C

olle

cto

r, Fa

cto

ry

Insp

ecto

r to

pro

vid

e n

eces

sary

ad

vice

.

a) O

wn

exp

erti

se,

tech

nic

al re

fere

nce

lib

rary

, in

tern

et

faci

lity,

tele

ph

on

e

b) V

ehic

le

a) F

acto

ry

b) F

acto

ry

insp

ecto

r

c) D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or

d) F

ire

Bri

gad

e

e) M

edic

al

Off

icer

a) O

: 271

254,

R:

2714

86, M

:988

1574

825

b

) O

: 269

874,

R: 2

6325

4,

M:9

7663

0300

9

c

) O

: 252

483,

R: 2

5421

8,

M:9

8813

6707

4

d) O

: 223

241,

R:

212

324,

M:

9786

5688

99

e)

O: 2

3754

8,

R: 2

2484

4,

M:9

9212

3752

7

a-e)

Tec

hn

ical

ad

vice

for h

and

ling

em

erg

ency

10Po

lluti

on

C

on

tro

l B

oar

d M

em-

ber

(Gir

ija

Gav

asan

e)

Ass

t. M

emb

er,

PCB

(Te

jas

Than

kur)

Pro

ject

are

as to

be

affe

cted

an

d m

on

ito

r ch

lori

ne

con

cen

tra-

tio

n le

vels

at

vari

ou

s sp

ots

Mo

nit

ori

ng

eq

uip

men

t-

--

11El

ectr

ic-

ity

Bo

ard

(P

rab

hu

D

Silv

a)

(Nee

lam

M

un

i)En

sure

un

inte

rru

pt-

ed e

lect

ric

sup

ply

to

the

fact

ory

an

d a

t sh

elte

rs

--

--

12A

nim

al

Hu

sban

dry

(J

eeva

n

Gan

esh

)

(Hel

en

Kej

wal

)Pr

ovid

e n

eces

sary

ca

re fo

r cat

tle

of t

he

dai

ries

, arr

ang

e fo

r ve

teri

nar

y d

oct

or.

-Ve

teri

nar

y d

oct

or

O: 3

4354

3, L

: 345

654,

M

: 956

7545

679

Loo

k af

ter t

he

catt

le

13A

gri

cult

ure

D

epar

t-m

ent

(An

ish

Ja

dh

av)

(Man

dee

p

Kis

ho

r)-

---

--


Sr.

Per

son

Act

ion

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

P

rim

ary

Alt

ern

ate

Act

Res

ou

rce

Wh

om

How

W

ha

t

14C

ivil

Def

ence

an

d H

om

e G

uar

ds

(Rit

a K

apo

or)

(Raj

Rai

-so

ni)

a) C

o-o

rdin

ate

wit

h

Polic

e an

d a

rran

ge

to

con

tro

l tra

ffic

, ass

ist

in e

vacu

atio

n.

b) A

ssis

t Po

lice

for

secu

rity

of e

vacu

ated

p

rop

erty

.

a, b

) Sta

ffPo

lice

O: 2

4345

4, R

: 235

434,

M

:932

4834

956

Info

rmat

ion

reg

ard

ing

eva

cuat

ion

an

d

traf

fic c

on

tro

l arr

ang

emen

ts

15PW

D/W

a-te

r Su

pp

ly

(Res

ham

i So

od

)

(Dee

pak

K

atti

)a)

En

sure

co

nti

nu

ou

s w

ater

su

pp

ly w

ith

ad

equ

ate

pre

ssu

re

for F

ire

Bri

gad

e.

b) A

rran

ge

dri

nki

ng

w

ater

at

shel

ters

.

c) E

nsu

re w

ater

for

the

catt

le.

a) W

ater

b) D

rin

kin

g w

ater

c) W

ater

for c

attl

e

--

-

16C

ivil

Sup

plie

s D

epar

tmen

t (R

ames

h

Meh

end

ale)

(Dili

p S

ah-

ani)

Arr

ang

e fo

r fo

od,

wa-

ter a

nd

oth

er b

asic

am

enit

ies

as n

eces

-sa

ry fo

r eva

cuee

s

Foo

d, w

ater

an

d o

ther

bas

ic

amen

itie

s

--

-

17M

utu

al

Aid

Gro

up

co

-ord

inat

or

(Kis

ho

r G

up

ta)

(Mee

nal

D

ev)

a) A

scer

tain

wh

at

equ

ipm

ent,

mat

eria

l, p

erso

nal

pro

tect

ive

equ

ipm

ent

are

req

uir

ed a

nd

arr

ang

e to

del

iver

it a

s fa

st a

s p

oss

ible

wh

ere

that

m

ay b

e o

f use

.

b) R

end

er te

chn

ical

as

sist

ance

.

a) E

mer

gen

cy

resp

on

se

equ

ipm

ents

, PP

Es, S

CB

As,

Trai

ned

per

son

nel

, A

mb

ula

nce

s, Fi

re

Ten

der

s.

b) T

ech

nic

al

exp

erti

se.

a) A

ffec

ted

fa

cto

ry.

b) M

emb

ers

of t

he

Mu

tual

A

id G

rou

p.

c) F

ire

Bri

gad

e

d) M

edic

al

Off

icer

a) O

: 265

842,

R:

2356

84, M

:953

5842

456

b

) O

: 254

875,

R: 2

6524

8,

M:9

9665

4872

5

c

) O

: 223

241,

R: 2

1232

4,

M:9

7865

6889

9

d) O

: 237

548,

R:

224

844,

M

:992

1237

527

a) F

ind

ou

t w

hat

is n

eed

ed (e

qu

ip-

men

t, m

ater

ial,

PPEs

).

b) I

nfo

rm a

nd

req

ues

t to

del

iver

re-

sou

rces

to t

he

affe

cted

fact

ory

.

c,d

) Tec

hn

ical

ass

ista

nce

for h

and

ling

em

erg

ency

, asc

erta

in w

hat

is n

eed

ed

(eq

uip

men

t, m

ater

ial,

PPEs

).


Sr.

Per

son

Act

ion

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

P

rim

ary

Alt

ern

ate

Act

Res

ou

rce

Wh

om

How

W

ha

t

18R

ailw

ay S

ta-

tio

n M

aste

r (S

ora

b

Mis

hra

)

Ass

t. St

a-ti

on

Mas

ter

(Pre

eti

Hu

bb

e)

a) S

top

tra

ins

pas

sin

g

thro

ug

h t

he

affe

cted

ar

ea a

s ad

vise

d b

y D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or.

b) C

oo

rdin

ate

wit

h

Polic

e if

evac

uat

ion

is

nec

essi

tate

d.

a, b

) -D

istr

ict

Co

llect

or

O: 2

5248

3, R

: 254

218,

M

:988

1367

074

Gro

un

d s

tatu

s re

po

rtin

g

19H

ead

of L

o-

cal G

over

n-

men

t B

od

y (G

ajan

an

Rat

ho

d)

(See

ma

Mu

nim

)M

ob

ilise

reso

urc

es

req

uir

ed u

nd

er t

he

con

tro

l of t

he

bo

dy

like

bu

ses,

shel

ters

(c

om

mu

nit

y h

alls

, to

wn

hal

l, sc

ho

ols

), fo

od

an

d w

ater

su

pp

ly

Emer

gen

cy S

hel

ters

, Fo

od

an

d W

ater

su

pp

ly

Dis

tric

t C

olle

cto

rO

: 252

483,

R: 2

5421

8,

M:9

8813

6707

4Fi

nd

ou

t re

sou

rces

, per

son

nel

hel

p

req

uir

ed

20Te

leco

m-

mu

nic

atio

n

Dep

artm

ent

(Do

lly D

an-

iels

)

(Rim

a R

edd

y)En

sure

th

at c

om

-m

un

icat

ion

lin

es a

re

effic

ien

tly

wo

rkin

g

--

--

21N

GO

(Gre

en

Cit

y - J

yoti

Ku

mar

, Sav

e Pl

anet

- N

itu

Pa

nd

ey)

a) A

ssis

t em

erg

ency

re

spo

nd

ers.

b) H

elp

fam

ilies

of

casu

alti

es, c

ou

nse

l vi

ctim

s.

a, b

) --

--

22M

edia

(R

adio

A

nan

dn

a-g

ar -

Man

u

Mit

ra, C

able

A

nan

dn

a-g

ar -

Lavi

sh

Jaco

b)

Dis

sem

inat

e vi

tal

info

rmat

ion

to p

ub

lic

in a

resp

on

sib

le

man

ner

-Pu

blic

at

larg

eM

edia

ch

ann

els

Prec

auti

on

s an

d a

ctio

ns

to b

e ta

ken

b

y p

ub

lic


CASE STUDY 2

Case Study 2 - Transportation Emergency

ScenarioA tanker carrying highly flammable naphtha over-

turns on mountainous road (ghat) and develops a

leak after its valve is damaged. The leak is minimal

but can develop further if untreated. The driver and

his assistant (cleaner) are luckily not injured. The

tanker belongs to Kerala state and accident takes

place in Karnataka state.

DevelopmentThe driver, using his cell phone, tries to call the �

Police Control Room but the network is weak.

Meanwhile, the cleaner requests a passing

vehicle to report the incidence to the next

police station on way.

The driver succeeds in calling the Police Control �

Room and informs them about the type of

emergency, location and what help is required.

The driver also tries to contact his employer.

(The Police also receive information from the

driver of a passing vehicle, which had seen the

overturned vehicle.)

The cleaner tries to keep the moving traffic as �

far away as possible by using stones and tree

branches. (He improvises because he is not

carrying the equipment for road blockage like

the portable plastic cones or a barrier stand). He

is unable to repair or stop the leak.

Some local nomads gather and try to collect the �

leaking liquid. Driver tries to stop them, warns

them about the hazard.

Traffic jam ensues. �

The police team reaches the spot. The police �

control room alerts and transmits information

to District Collector, Fire Brigade, Medical Office,

Police headquarters for additional staff to control

the situation. The District Collector declares and

off-site emergency. The technical team to repair

and stop the leakage, a spare tanker and a crane

to move the overturned tanker is called for.

The driver briefs the police who have arrived at �

the spot and they immediately stop the traffic,

and also disperse the crowd local nomads.

(Observe that first the driver and later the police �

team are the ‘Incident Controllers’. The officer at

the Police Control Room is the ‘Site Controller’)

The technical team arrives and the leader of the �

team takes charge as the ‘Incident Controller’.

The repairs stopped the leakage, but it is

decided that the tanker will be emptied before

it is made to stand on its wheels. The fire brigade

arrives and is kept on standby in case its service

is required. The spare tanker, requested earlier,

arrives. The transfer is started. The crane arrives

and the overturned tanker is lifted. The police

regulate the traffic and the jam is gradually

reduced. The incident is brought under control.

The off-site emergency is called off and the

post-emergency operations are initiated.

(Note: The following PAC draft may show the same

communication or task being done by multiple

agencies. This is to ensure that intimation has

reached at least from one source or action is initiated

in fastest possible manner.)


PAC

Anal

ysis

PR

ESTE

LSPA

C A

NA

LYSI

S fo

r EM

ERG

ENC

Y S

CEN

AR

IOS

- ILL

UST

RA

TIO

N P

UR

PO

SE O

NLY

Emer

gen

cy S

cen

ario

Des

crip

tio

n: N

aph

tha

15

kl t

anke

r le

ak o

n N

H 4

8 n

ear

Shim

og

a at

M

ilest

on

e 4

2 k

m

Sr.

Per

son

Act

ion

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

P

rim

ary

Alt

ern

ate

Act

Res

ou

rce

Wh

om

How

W

ha

t

1D

rive

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Role of Incident Controller and Site ControllerThe Site Controller and the Incident Controller are

the two vital roles in the management of emergency.

This note seeks to clarify the two roles.

Incident ControllerThe incident controller is responsible for attending to

the source or the cause of emergency. He leads the

team involved in repairing, controlling and preventing

escalation at the source. He is expected to have the

required technical knowledge, skill and resources

required to attend to the incident causing emergency.

For example, if there is a crack in a pipeline carrying

toxic gas, he ensures that the valve on the supply line

is closed and repairs the damaged pipeline. If a bulk

storage tank has a crack, transfer of the contents to a

spare tank is started and repairs undertaken.

The incident controller co-ordinates with only the

‘Site Controller’ (see below). The incident controller

must ask for any additional help (staff, tools, material,

equipment etc required for dealing with the

incident) from the Site controller. The site controller

will arrange for the same at the earliest. This enables

incident controller to concentrate on his job of

attending to the incident without being burdened

by communication tasks. Also, in the normal course,

the incident controller does not directly interact

with the outside industry authorities and agencies

such as the District Collector, Fire brigade, Police etc.

This is done by the site controller.

The incident controller gives continuous feedback

about the status of the operation to the site

controller.

Site ControllerThe ‘Site Controller’ is overall in-charge of the operation

at the incident-site. While the incident controller

attends to the source or the cause of emergency, the

site controller will be in the Emergency Control Room

(ECR). The ECR is a place to be well equipped with

telephones, drawings and maps, computer programs

for dispersion modelling etc.

The site controller ensures that the off-site responders

(District Collector, Police, Fire Brigade etc) are given

quick intimation. He also ensures prompt assistance

to the requirements of the incident controller. He may

have to arrange the assistance from the factory itself

or get help from outside (from fire brigade, mutual

aid member, stockiest etc). He will continuously

monitor the progress and give information to the

offsite responders. He will identify the areas likely

to be affected and communicate the same to the

responders. He will update all concerned responders

with the emergency status. For example: Escalation

in the emergency, change in wind direction etc. The

site controller will also communicate the necessary

information to the media and public

at large. In short, the site controller acts as the focal

point who on the one hand interacts with the incident

controller to give him required assistance and know

the status and on the other hand, interacts with other

district authorities and agencies to give information.

Temporary Assumption of RolesIt needs to be noted that ‘Incident Controller’

and ‘Site Controller’ are emergency roles. It is

not necessary that only the one person will

act as incident controller / site controller from

beginning to end. For example, when a valve fails

and toxic gas starts leaking, the person on the

spot assumes the charge of incident controller

till a senior expert, personnel (appointed

incident controller) reaches the spot and takes

over from him. This will be especially true when

the incident happens during a late night shift,


when only the skeleton staff may be present.

Similarly, a senior person present will assume the

charge of site controller till the manager / CEO

(appointed Site Controller) reaches the factory

and takes over.

For a transport emergency, the driver may be the

first incident controller till the Police team and

subsequently a technical team reaches with tools to

take care of the emergency. Then the police and later

the technical team leader will be incident controller.

It may be mentioned that it is difficult to lay down

specific and rigid guidelines in this respect. What is

important is that the relevant functions are carried

out efficiently, smoothly and promptly. There should

be no loss of time, there should be no conflict, and

the aim should be to bring the emergency control

as fast as possible with least damage or loss.


Blast wave: A pressure wave generated from

explosion.

BLEVE: Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion

usually occurs from a sudden release of large mass

of liquid under pressure. The most likely scenario is

a flame of fire impinging on a vessel above the liq-

uid level thereby weakening the vessel and causing

sudden rupture.

Consequence: The outcome of an incident.

Consequence analysis: The a nalysis of the possible

manifestation and effect of an incident.

Dispersion model: The mathematical model de-

scribing the dispersion of a material release, usually

in free atmosphere.

Domino effect: The triggering of secondary in-

cidents from a primary incident, thus leading to

increase in the consequence or the vulnerable

zone. For example: Explosion of a tank produc-

ing high pressure wave leading rupture and

subsequent toxic release from a neighbouring

tank.

Dovetailing: The process of aligning a sub-level plan

to higher level plan. For example, the onsite plan of a

factory should be in line and agreement to the offsite

plan of the district in which the factory is situated.

The onsite procedure or part thereof should not be in

conflict with the offsite procedure or a part thereof.

Explosion: Sudden release of energy that causes

pressure disturbance.

Fireball: The atmospheric burning of fuel-air mixture

in which thermal energy is radiated.

Flash point: The lowest temperature at which the

liquid can produce sufficient flammable vapour to

ignite in presence of external source of ignition.

Hazard: A chemical or physical condition that

has the potential for causing damage to people,

property, or the environment.

Hazard Analysis: A process used to identify hazards

and select means to controlling or eliminating them.

Incident: The undesirable loss of containment of

material or energy. For example, gas release, fire or

explosion.

IDLH: Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health is an

estimate of the maximum concentration in the air to

which a healthy person could be exposed for a speci-

fied period of time (30 minutes as per NIOSH stan-

dards) without suffering permanent health effects.

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The concentration of a

flammable vapour in air below which the air -vapour

mixture will not ignite.

Maximum Credible Loss Scenario (MCLS): A loss

scenario with a maximum damage effect, which is

Glossary of Terms


believed to be possible.

Over pressure: The pressure above the normal

atmospheric pressure, usually arisin g from a blast

wave.

Plume: The gas cloud resulting from a continuous

release.

Pool fire: The combustion of material evaporating

from a layer of liquid underneath.

Risk: A measure of human, property or environmental

damage in terms of both the magnitude and the

likelihood of damage.

Risk assessment: The quantitative estimate of risk.

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): The concentration

of a flammable vapour in air above which the air-

vapour mixture will not ignite.

UVCE: Unconfined Vapor Cloud Explosion is open

explosion of flammable vapour and air. The term is

also referred to as Vapor Cloud Explosion.

Vulnerable zone: The area that can get affected by

an incident. For toxic release, it is the area over which

the airborne concentration of toxic gas exc eeds

certain accepted level of concentration. For fire, it is

the area over which the intensity of heat radiation

exceeds certain accepted levels. For explosion, it is

area over which the pressure of blast wave excess

certain accepted level.


Manual on Emergency Preparedness for �

Chemical Hazards, MOEF, 1992

A Guide to Chemical Accidents (Emergency �

Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules,

1996 and On-site and Off-site Emergency Plan,

2001 by H.N. Mirashi

National Disaster Management Guidelines �

Chemical Disasters, April 2007, National Disaster

Management Authority, Government of India.

Handbook of Chemical Hazard Analysis Procedures, �

US Federal Emergency Management Agency

Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk �

Analysis by Centre for Chemical Process Safety

Staff and Centre for Chemical Process Safety,

American Institute of Chemical Engineers

Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous �

Chemical Rules, 1989 – 2000 (MSIHC)

Public Liability Insurance Act and Rules, 1991 �

Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, �

Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996

Disaster Management Act, 2005 �

Offsite Emergency Plans: Pune, Raigad �

(Maharashtra) Baroda, Rajkot, Baruch (Gujarat)

Sambalpur (Orissa), Medak (Andhra Pradesh),

Dharwad (Karnataka)

Disaster Management Plans: Delhi, Dakshin �

Kannada (Karnataka)

References


Key Contributors

Core TeamDr. Chhanda Chowdhury, MoEF

Mr. Shard Sapra, MoEF

Mr. Sundar Ramanathan, MoEF

Mr. Prakash Patil, Prestels

Mr. Pranav Patil, Prestels

Workshop and other contributions (alphabetical order)Lt Gen (Dr) J.R. Bhardwaj, Member, NDMA

Dr. R. Banerjee (IAS), CEO GSDMA

Mr. G. Balakishore, Factories Inspectorate,

Andhra Pradesh

Mr. R.P. Chakraborty, CIF, West Bengal

Mr. Koteshwar Rao, CIF, Andhra Pradesh

Mr. Navin Mittal (IAS), DC, Hyderabad

Mr. V S More, CIF, Maharashtra

Mr. V.N. Patel, CIF, Gujarat

Mr. S. Raghunathan, CIF, Tamil Nadu

Mr. T. Salim, Factories Inspectorate, Tamil Nadu

Mr. H. Srinivasaiah CIF, Karnataka

Mr. G. Sundaramurthi (IAS), DC, Thiruvallur

Advisors and Reviewers (alphabetical order)Mr. K.M. Amanulla, Core Expert Committee, MoEF

Dr. Indrani Chandrasekharan, Advisor, Planning

Commission

Dr. V.N. Das, Core Expert Committee, MoEF

Dr. R.K. Garg, Core Expert Committee, MoEF

Mr. H.N.Mirashi, Retd CIF, Maharashtra

Mr. Sumeet Patil, Prestels

Mr. K. Ravichandra, Core Expert Committee, MoEF

Mr. V.B. Sant, Core Expert Committee, MoEF

Mr. Sashi Vardhan, Core Expert Committee, MoEF


NOTES

Documents

for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plansenvfor.nic.in/sites/default/files/Offiste emergecy plan guidelines.pdf · 1.2 Responsibility for Preparation of Off-site Emergency Plan