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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
For the slides from this presentation, visit:
www.teepasnow.com/presentations
Slides will be available for 2 weeks
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Handouts are intended for personal use only. Any copyrighted materials
or DVD content from Positive Approach, LLC (Teepa Snow) may be used
for personal educational purposes only. This material may not be copied,
sold or commercially exploited, and shall be used solely by the requesting
individual.
Copyright 2017, All Rights Reserved
Teepa Snow and Positive Approach® to Care
Any redistribution or duplication, in whole or in part, is strictly prohibited,
without the expressed written consent of Teepa Snow and
Positive Approach, LLC
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Developing Activities
That Have Meaning
Those Living with
Dementia
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
How Does Skill Change Over
Time With Dementia?
- Interests
- Helper cues that help
- Environmental cues that help
- Ability to focus and change focus
- Sensory awareness and processing
- Motor skills: gross and fine
- Decision making and reasoning
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Progression of
Dementia: The GEMS®
Sapphires
Diamonds
Emeralds
Ambers
Rubies
Pearls
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Sapphires:
- Us on a good day
- Clear and true to ourselves
- May feel ‘blue’ over changes
- Can typically choose our behavior
- May have other health issues that affect
behaviors
- Recognize life experiences, achievements
and values
- Can follow written info and hold onto it
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Diamonds:-Sharp, hard, rigid, inflexible, can cut
-Many facets, still often clear, can really shine
-Are usually either Joiners or Loners
-Can complete personal care in familiar place
-Usually can follow simple prompted schedules
-Misplace things and can’t find them
-Resent takeover or bossiness
-Notice other people’s misbehavior and mistakes
-Vary in lack of self-awareness
-Use old routines and habits
-Control important roles and territories, use refusals
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Diamond Interests:
- What they feel competent at
- What they enjoy
- Who they like
- What makes them feel valued
- Where they feel comfortable but stimulated
- What is familiar but intriguing
- What is logical and consistent with historic
values and beliefs
- Whoever is in charge
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Emeralds:
-Changing color
-Not as clear or sharp, more vague
-On the go, need to ‘do’
-Flaws may be hidden
-Time traveling is common
-Are usually Doers or Supervisors
-Do what is seen, but miss what is not seen
-Must be in control, but not able to do it
correctly
-Do tasks over and over, or not at all
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Emerald Interests:
- Doing familiar tasks
- Doing visible tasks
- Historic tasks and people and places
- Engaging with or helping others
- Finding important people or things
- Having a ‘job’ or ‘purpose’
- Being an ‘adult’
- Getting finished and doing something else
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Ambers:-Amber Alert- Caution!
-Caught in a moment
-All about sensation and sensory tolerance, easily
over or under stimulated
-May be private and quiet or public and noisy
-No safety awareness
-Ego-centric
-Lots of touching, handling, tasting, mouthing,
manipulating
-Explorers, get into things, invade others’ space
-Do what they like and avoid what they do not
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Amber Interests:
- Things to mess with (may be people!)
- Places to explore
- Stuff to take, eat, handle, move
- Visually interesting things
- People who look or sound interesting, or
places that are quiet and private
- Textures, shapes, movement, colors,
numbers, stacking, folding, sorting
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Rubies:-Hidden depths
-Major loss of fine motor finger and mouth skills, but
can do gross motor skills like walking, rolling,
rocking
-Comprehension and speech halted
-Wake-sleep patterns very disturbed
-Balance, coordination, and movement losses
-Eating and drinking patterns may change
-Tends toward movement unless asleep
-Follows gross demonstration and big gestures
-Limited visual awareness
-Major sensory changes
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Ruby Interests:
- Walking a routine path
- Going forward
- Watching others
- Being close or having space
- Things to pick up, hold, carry, push, wipe,
rub, grip, squeeze, pinch, slap
- Things to chew on, suck on, grind
- Rhythmic movements and actions
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Pearls:-Hidden in a shell: still, quiet, easily lost
-Beautiful and layered
-Spends much time asleep or unaware
-Unable to move, bed or chair bound, frequently fall
forward or to side
-May cry out or mumble often, increases vocalizations
with distress
-Can be difficult to calm, hard to connect
-Knows familiar from unfamiliar
-Primitive reflexes
-The end of the journey is near, multiple systems are
failing
-Connections between the physical and sensory world
are less strong but we are often the bridge
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Pearl Interests:
- Internal cues
- Pleasant and familiar sounds and voices
- Warmth and comfort
- Soft textures
- Pleasant smells
- ‘Good’ tastes
- Smooth and slow movement
- Just right touch and feel
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
What Do People with
Dementia Need?- Daily Routine!!!!
- Help to fill their day with meaning
- A Balance of:
-Productive activity: feeling valued
-Leisure activity: having fun
-Self-care activity: wellness, health, personal care
-Restorative activity: sleep, rest, and re-energizing
- A Match-Up for Preferences:
-Large Group, Small Group, 1:1, Alone
-Active versus passive
-Sensory options: visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory,
gustatory
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Key Activities to Consider:
Productive - Work
Enjoyment - Leisure
Wellness - Personal Care
Restorative - Rest
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Productive Activities:
Helping another person
Helping family members/caregivers
Completing community tasks
Making something
Sorting things
Fixing things
Building things
Creating something
Caring for things
Counting things
Folding things
Marking things
Cleaning things
Taking things apart
Moving things
Cooking/baking
Setting up/breaking
down
Other ideas
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Two Options:
Doing:
Filling socks: rice socks,
bean socks, corn socks
Adding herbs: lavender,
citrus, eucalyptus, mint
Putting a sock inside
another sock
Heating the socks
Rubbing the socks over
muscles
Emptying socks out
Making:
Fruit salad: from fresh
Fruit salad: from canned
Fruit salad: from pre-cut
Fruit salad: one fruit and
yogurt
Fruit salad: dried fruit,
granola, and yogurt
Putting the fruit salad in
small cups or bowls
Serving the fruit salad
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Two Examples:
Paying Bills:
Do it independently
Together – use a calculator
Together – do all of them
Together – do one at a time
You do most, they sign and
put in envelopes
You do all but the signature
They put on stamps
Both take them to the mail
box
Washing Dishes:
Do it independently only
after meals
Do it independently – when
needed to fill time
Together – one wash, one
dry
Do parts
Watch and guide
Carry dishes to/from sink
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Active: Passive:
Socials
Sports
Games
Dancing
Singing
Visiting
Hobbies
Doing, Talking, Looking
Entertainers
Sport program/event
Presenters
Living room or lobby sitting
TV programs: watched
Activity watchers
Being done to
Leisure Activities:
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Cognitive: Physical:
Table top tasks
•Matching, sorting,
organizing, playing
Table top games
•Cards, board games,
puzzles
Group games
•Categories, crosswords,
word play, old memories
Exercise
Walking
Strengthening tasks
Coordination tasks
Balance tasks
Flexibility tasks
Aerobic tasks
Personal care tasks
Self-Care and Wellness
Activities:
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Solve puzzles
Take classes
Try something new
Play an instrument
Join a study group or book club
Read
Play games
Use Your Brain!
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Try to remember these pairs:
1 = C 2 = A
3 = T 4 = D
5 = O 6 = G
7 = R 8 = U
9 = N
Try this:
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
1 ____ 9 ____ 3 ____ 2 ____ 5 ____
7 ____ 4 ____ 6 ____ 8 ____
Put the correct letter next to
the number:
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Apple - Orange
Black - RedBeans - Tooth
Watch - GlassPencil - Shirt
Hand - HammerHanger - Button
Paper - EyeFlag - Meat
Cup - Shoe
Memorize these pairs:
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Hanger –
Pencil –
Paper –
Apple
Beans –
What is the missing word?
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Rest and Restorative
Activities:Sleep/naps
Listen to quiet music with lights dimmed
Look at the newspaper
Look at a calm video on TV screen
Rock in a chair
Swing in a porch swing
Walk outside
Listen to reading from a book of faith
Listen to poetry or stories
Listen to or attend a
worship service
Stroke a pet or animal
Stroke fabric
Get a hand or shoulder
massage
Get a foot soak and rub
Listen to wind chimes
Aromatherapy
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Good Activities
Are Ones That Involve:
- Plants
- Animals
- People
- Music
- Objects
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Know each
person!
Understand
activities!
Make and
use a
schedule!
Build staff
skills!
Manage the
environment!
Resources
to succeed
What Does it Take to Have a
Day with Meaning and Joy?
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Know Each Person-
Personal Preferences and
Values:
- Who have you been?
- What did you value?
- Who are you now?
- What do you value now?
- Why does it matter?
- Who gets a ‘say’?
- Who gets to set the priorities?
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Personality Traits:
- Introvert - Extrovert
- Lots of Details - Big Picture Only
- Logical - Emotional
- Planning Ahead - Being in the Moment
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Life Story:
Family: past and
present
Living place(s)
Work history
Leisure History
Music history
People history
Plant history
Animal history
Plant history
Sensory environment preferences
Cultural history and concerns
Food likes and dislikes
Daily routines
Organizations and memberships
Roles and responsibilities
Comforts and Irritants
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Design Each Day
8 am – coffee circle
8:30 – songs of joy
9 am – time to ‘go’9:15 – take a hike – walk’n’roll
10 am – cool down & stretch
10:30 – watering hole
11 am - ‘use your brains’games
11:30 - time to ‘go’ – wash up
11:45 – ‘set-‘em up’ crew
12 noon – let’s eat
12:30 – clean up crew
1 pm – music and meditation
1:30 – coupons clipping
2 pm – time to ‘go’2:15 – let’s dance
Make a
schedule and
follow it
Be structured
BUT allow
flexibility
Create a
FLOW for the
day
Build up and
then slow down
Circadian
rhythms
Offer a variety
of activities
every day
Leisure, work,
rest, self-care,
groups and 1:1,
passive and
active
Create Group
schedules
BUT
also build
individual
schedules
Not everything
is for
everybody!
Build a Foundation
of Familiar and Favorite
Activities
Add a few
special events and
something different© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Environment –
Take a Look, Listen, Feel:- Lighting: adequate, non-glare, focused
- Sounds: background, distracting, volume
- Feel:
-Temperature
-Space: crowded, intimate, personal, public
-Work surface
-Seating surface
-Walking surface
-Familiar? Friendly? Fun? Forgiving?
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Enough Supplies
& Materials
The right
equipment for
clients’ needs
Good
quality
lighting
Skilled
leadersh
ip for the
activity
Good
work
surfaces
Seating
that
works
Enough
help for
each
person
A Back-Up
Plan
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
Learn How To:
- Do something new
- Learn a new type of exercise or activity
- Simplify a dance
- Re-look at a old skill and make it easier
- Share a tasks
- Do something without touching things
- Get someone to do something without words
- Give positive feedback and say “thanks”
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© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
The content contained in this presentation is strictly for informational purposes. Therefore, if you wish to
apply concepts or ideas contained from this presentation you are taking full responsibility for your
actions. Neither the creators, nor the copyright holder shall in any event be held liable to any party for
any direct, indirect, implied, punitive, special, incidental or other consequential damages arising directly
or indirectly from any use of this material, which is provided as is, and without warranties.
Any links are for information purposes only and are not warranted for content, accuracy or any other
implied or explicit purpose.
This presentation is copyrighted by Positive Approach to Care and is protected under the US Copyright
Act of 1976 and all other applicable international, federal, state and local laws, with ALL rights reserved.
No part of this may be copied, or changed in any format, sold, or used in any way other than what is
outlined within this under any circumstances without express permission from Positive Approach to Care.
Copyright 2017, All Rights Reserved
Teepa Snow and Positive Approach to Care
DISCLAIMER
© Teepa Snow, Positive Approach, LLC – to be reused only with permission.
To learn more about the
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join our email list.
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