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FORCE TechnologyRK-Project: Effects from installations and dynamic usage on household meters.

Content• FORCE Technology

• GTS, RK-projects & Flowcenter DK

• Installation effects

• Dynamic usage

• End product

• Summary

About FORCE Technology

We:

• are one of the leading technological service companies on the international market

• are independent and self-governing

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Our:

• work is based on the most recent technological knowledge

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We transform highly specialized engineerical

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and use technologies and new knowledge for the

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The United

Arab EmiratesAbu Dhabi

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(Headquarters)

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Hengoed

NorwayHvalstad

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FORCE Technology at a glance

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More than 50% of our turnover derive from our

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development and testing to certification and

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In 2016, we launched more than 35 new research

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DEVELOPMENT, CONSULTANCY & SERVICES

Being a GTS-institute

Projects 2016-2019:

FORCE Technology1. Effects on flow measurement

due to installations2. Effects on flow measurement

due to dynamic discharge

TI1. On site calibration with

clamp-on meters

Installation effectsDeviations in accuracy do to installation effects

Preliminary work

• Requirements

Type approval:

Installation effects are tested by

a swirl generating flow

disturbance and an asymmetric

velocity generator.

Dynamic discharge:

All test are done with continuous

flow.

Preliminary work

• In the field requirements

DS439:2009 list the

requirements for installations

of domestic water meters.

Furthermore: Most utility

companies have their own

guidelines.

Data collection

• Systematic categorization of fitting and installations dimensions.

• Collection of data points from HOFOR A/S, Fyns Fjernvarme A/S,

DIN Forsyning Esbjerg and by anonymous contributions online.

• A total of 2352 water installations was analyzed and 301 heat meter

installations.

Categorization of fittings

• Water

• Heat

Results fittings

1. fitting up stream 2. fitting up stream

TOTAL Bend Reduction Valve Filter Straight Other

Bend 1455 420 98 728 4 195 10

Reduction 319 149 8 135 7 19 1

Valve 514 290 69 1 1 153 0

Filter 17 8 3 5 0 1 0

Straight 44 25 1 5 0 9 4

Other 4 2 0 2 0 1 0

1. fitting up stream 2. fitting upstrøms

TOTAL Bend Reduction Valve Filter Straight Other

Bend 94 40 6 14 12 18 4

Reduction 110 22 0 4 78 4 2

Valve 18 6 1 1 0 9 1

Filter 49 34 1 10 0 3 1

Straight 14 6 1 1 2 2 2

Other 16 4 1 3 2 9 1

Dimensional analyzes

• Directional flow alterations in

combination with changes in pipe

dimensions and material.

3-Dimentional categorization

• Classification codes:

XO: Long straight pipes (>10D).

ZO: Obstructions with continues flow direction

xPB: Pipe bends .

(xPB+xPB)F: Double bend, with out altering flow direction.

(xPB+xPB)R: Double bend with returning flow direction.

(xPB+xPB)A: Double bend out of plane.

Generalization

Generalization

• 3 installation classes

Class Characteristics ”Codes”

A Ideal flow or flow without significant deviations to axial

symmetrical flow. No swirl of recirculation.

XO

(xPB+xPB)F

B The radial velocity distribution of the axial composite is controlled by an upstream obstruction, which partially blocks for free passage. May be combined with a (weak) recirculation.

ZO

xPB

(xPB+xPB)R

C The radial velocity distribution of the axial composer is

controlled by a (powerful) swirl. This is primarily due to the

combination of 2 bends out of plane.

(xPB+xPB)A

ResultsClass Type Water Heat

A XO 177+108 21+4

(xPB+xPB)F 12+60 0+3+2

(xPB+Z0)F 16 *)

TOTAL 373; (16%) 30;(10%)

B ZO 104 135 (ft: næste alle filtre)

xPB 29+482+744=1255 28+12+11=51

(xPB+xPB)R 0+78+199=277 1+0+13=14

(xPB+Z0)R 40 0

TOTAL 1676 (70%) 200 (66%)

C (xPB+xPB)A 1+43+185=229 2+9+21=32

(xPB+Z0)A 9 *)

TOTAL 238 (10%) 32 (10%)

Other 75 (3%) 54 (18%)

Measurements on fittings

Re = 3500¾” 200 l/t½”

Inside the pipe – Deformation and corrosion

Test in installations

• F1: Reference

• F2: Bend (x15-rs)

• F3: Double bend (x15-rs-x4-rs)

• F4: Soft bend + Tee (x15-rl-rte)

• F5: Bend + ¾” to ½” reduction (x40-rs-ktn)

At

• 60 l/h (Re=1400 = laminar)

• 350 l/h (Re=8000 = turbulent)

• 900 l/h (Re=21000 = turbulent)

Results

Reference calibration at ideal conditions

Test results

Shift from reference to test

Dynamic usage

Do to public outcries of uncertainties in domestic water metering, this report was finalized in 2011.

Take away:

1. Dynamic usage does have an influence on meter accuracy at small flowrates. But due to the small flow ranges and short discharge times the resulting inaccuracies was deemed neglectable.

2. Wrongful installations can result in high measurement inaccuracies.

Previous work

Test on dynamic discharge - USMTest nr. Nominel flow Sequence Measurement

1 5 l/h 1 sequence/3 repetitions Weight 6,2-7,3 liter

Flowrate 4,7,-4,8 l/h


Flowrate 58,8-58,9 l/h





5 60 l/h240 sequences/3 repetitions

15 sec open; 5 sec closed

Weight 64,4-67,7 liter


Batch 0,27-0,28 liter











8 900 l/h20 sequences/2 repititions



Flowrate 996,8-1007,8 l/t


Test on dynamic discharge - Mechanical

Test nr. Nominelt flow Sekvens Afmålt

1 60 l/t

100 sequences/2 repetitions


P1: 3,83 barg; P2: 3,5 barg

Weight 21,5-21,7 ltr

Flowrate 51,7-52 l/t

Batch 0,22-0,22 ltr

2 40 l/t

60 sequences/2 repetitions


P1: 1,69-2,2 barg; P2: 1,3-1,77 barg

Weight 9,6-12,8 ltr

Flowrate 38,3-51,0 l/t

Batch 0,16-0,21 ltr

Test nr.Make 1

s/n 09538105

Make 1

s/n 10443165

Make 2

s/n 07 541666

Make 2

s/n 07 540818

119,6% 20,0% -3,1% -2,4%

20,3% 20,6% -5,2% -3,8%

216,5% 18,1% -2,1% 0,1%

12,2% 12,7% -0,1% 0,2%

European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research

• Metrology for real‐world domestic water metering

• Develop infrastructure to asses domestic water meters under dynamic load changes

• Metrology to asses the performance of domestic water meters under realistic operating conditions

• Smart monitoring at low flow ranges

• Create a virtual flow meter to test influence parameters.

Project proposal.

End Goal - Education

• In corporation with the faculty at the

business academies and technical

schools we aim to develop

educational material/guidelines for

installation at upkeep of domestic

water/heat meters

Time schedule

• Fall/Winter 2017

Test as many variables in our lab as possible, and analyze the data.

• Spring 2018

Further test and development of educational material.

• Summer/fall 2018

Finish tests and write final report.

Summary

• Flow meters aren’t tested/approved under all real world scenarios.

• Installation and corrosion have a influence on accuracy.

• Flow disturbances due to dimension change and material change need further clarification.

• Dynamic load changes creates great deviations.

• Metrology institutes around Europe see this as a challenge that need to be addressed.

Thanks for your time. Questions?

By Erik Jensen and Johan Bunde Kondrup

[email protected] – [email protected]

Further information at forcetechnology.com

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FORCE Technology - Amazon S3s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/foreninglet-wordpress... · FORCE Technology at a glance 50%+ INTERNATIONAL TURNOVER More than 50% of our turnover derive from