Forces of ChangeBy: Peyton Rollins and Emily Weed

Volcanoes

• An opening, or rupture, in a planet’s surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface.

By: Peyton Rollins

Lo Ihi, Hawaii

Environmental changes: Volcano erupts, lava flows, then hardens and becomes rock.

By: Peyton Rollins

Kilauea, Hawaii

Environmental changes: Lava flows into the ocean and harden into molten rock.

By: Peyton Rollins

Earthquakes

• An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.

By: Emily Weed

Kobe, Japan

Environmental changes: the earthquake destroyed major roads and bridges which made transportation difficult.

By: Emily Weed

Sichuan, China

Environmental changes: A lot of the buildings were demolished which left debris all over the place.

By: Emily Weed

Water erosion

• Erosion is the removal of solids (sediment, soil, and other particles) in the natural environment. It usually occurs due to transport by wind, water, or ice; by down-slope creep of soil and other material under the force of gravity.

Grand Canyon, Wyoming

Environmental change:Wind, water and ice formcanyons.

By: Peyton Rollins

Bryce Canyon, Utah

Environmental change: Due to wind, water and ice erosion. These canyons were formed.

By: Peyton Rollins

Wind Erosion

• The erosion, transportation, and deposition of topsoil by the wind

North Central Iowa

Environmental Changes: The wind picks up the topsoil off the ground and blows it away which decreases the crop’s nutrients. This causes many crops to die.

By: Emily Weed

Northern Germany

Environmental changes: The crops have lost their nutrients because the wind blew away their topsoil. By: Emily

Weed

Physical weathering

• Involves the breakdown of rocks and soil through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice, and pressure

By: Peyton Rollins

Shippensburg, Pennsylvania

Environmental change: This boulder went through physical weathering as the growing tree roots enlarged the fracture.

By: Peyton Rollins

Chemical Weathering

• The weathering of a rock surface through chemical processes such as oxidation, solution, and hydrolysis.

By: Emily Weed

Alabama Hills,CA

Environmental Changes: The rock has changed different colors due to chemical weatherings.

By: Emily Weed

Glacier Erosion

• The movement of soil or rock from one point to another by the action of the moving ice of a glacier.

Alaska

Environmental Changes: It causes the land to change shape.

Switzerland

Environmental Changes: It makes the land become more flat and smooth.