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8/7/2019 Forensic Odontology Dr Rizwan
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ForensicForensic
OdontologyOdontology
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gygy
By
Prof.Pervaiz A RanaDeprtment of Forensic Medicine &
Toxicology
CMH Lahore Medical College
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Forensic Medicine and Odontology deals with theprofessional handling , examination, interpretationand presentation of medical and dental evidencesthat come before legal authorities
Forensic Odontology is one of the fastest emergingsub disciplines within the broader subject of dentalscience.
It requires special dental expertise not possessed
by ordinary pathologist qualified only in medicine. It encompasses ethical issues and events related to
the claim of negligence and malpractice bydentists and paradental professionals.
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History and status of Forensic Odontology
Working of Forensic dental section
Forensic Dental Anatomy Main applications
Case discussion
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66 A.D.: Lollia Paulinas body identified
Casualty ID in Revolutionary War 1849
Vienna Opera House fire
Dental identification evidence first admitted in U.S.
court system
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The department is divided into sub divisionslike record section, cold storage, autopsysection, analytical, serologic and chemical
examiner, they are interlinked with a chain ofcustody .
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~ 32 teeth
4 tooth types
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
Orientation/Size Root Structure
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cr
eck
r
t
cr
eck
r t
Canine
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crown
neck
roots
cusps
Molarcusps
crown
neck
roots
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Each tooth has a specificnumber
Each surface of the teeth
are classified Notes extractions, fillings,
orientation, etc.
Primary dentition noted
with upper case letters
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Are the remains human?
If so, what are the sex, age, and race of theindividual?
Who is the person?
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Is it a tooth,or a portion of a tooth?
Is it an animal tooth,or a human tooth?
If human, what type of tooth is it, i.e., incisor,
canine, premolar,or molar? Is it deciduous/primary,or permanent?
Which quadrant does it come from, i.e., rightupper,left lower, etc?
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Some variation is developmental, i.e., the toothin question developed abnormally.
Other variations are acquired at some time
after birth. Such acquired variations can be theresult of
trauma
erosion
occupational insult
dental work in a clinical setting.
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Abnormalities of eruption patterns.
Abnormalities of shape (morphology). Anygiven tooth can have missing features, extrafeatures, or atypical features. This can includebent teeth, anomalies in the number of cusps or
roots, abnormal enamel deposition, etc. Abnormalities in the number of teeth. This
can range from complete absence of teeth(adontia), to extra teeth, known as polydontia.Any given tooth may be absent in any givenindividual, a condition known as partialadontia. The presence of additional individualteeth is sometimes known as supernumeraryteeth.
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Abnormalities in the spacingor position ofteeth. Teeth can be crowded, have gaps(diastema) between them, or be rotated or
misaligned. Long-termb
ulimics often havethe appearance of teeth that are spreadingapart as the space between the teeth increasesover time..
Abnormalities in the size of teeth. It is quiterare to have abnormally small (microdontia),or abnormally large teeth (macrodontia) either as a complete set, or individually.
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Repairs, restorations, prostheses
Dental staining & enamel variation Coffee, colas, nicotine
Erosion Occupational
Health-related issues
Diet composition
Occlusal attrition Missing teeth
Premortem vs. peri/postmortem
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Main Applications
Individual IdentificationMass Disaster
IdentificationBite mark Analysis
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FingerprintsFingerprints
Dental recordsDental recordsPhotoPhoto
CUYAHOGA COUNTY
CORONERS OFFICE
07-0000
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Postmortem description isgenerated Radiographs taken
Possible identitiesknown? Yes: Comparison to
antemortem data Match strength determined
No: Biological profilegenerated
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Postmortem description is generated
Radiographs taken
Possible identities known? Yes: Comparison to antemortem data
Match strength determined
No: Biological profile generated
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Completed in the same manner as individualidentification
Organization of antemortem and postmortem
data is essential Large scale problems can occur if no record
available (radiological, DNA)
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Postmortem Team
Generates dental profile and radiographs
Antemortem Team Collects/organizes antemortem data
Records Comparison Team
Compares postmortem and antemortem data
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Can be used to linka suspect to a crime
Impressions left on
food, skin or otheritems left at a scene
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Every contact leaves its
traceSaid professorEdmond Locard (1877),founder and director of the institute of
Criminalistics,
University of Lyons,
France
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Each dentition canproduce variableimpressions
Change based onpressure andsurface of contact
Impressions from the same dentition
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Bite marks are photographed with a scale
Bite marks on skin are taken over repeated intervals
Casts of impression are taken
Impression traced onto transparencies Casts of suspects teeth are taken
Comparison between suspect cast and bite
mark
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Assailants Saliva
Collection
preservation &
dispatch of saliva collected from bite site
DNA profiling & Blood Grouping
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3D Bite mark analysis
Automatic dental code matching
OdontoSearch
Automatic dental identification system
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3D scans of dental
casts are used to
generate overlays
using various
pressure anddeviation.
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The overlays are compared with the photograph of the
bite marks.
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Different people may have the same dentalcodes
In the past, the strength of a match between a
PM dental code and an AM dental code isbased on the clinical experience of the dentist
OdontoSearch provides an objective means ofassessing the frequency of occurrence for a
dental code
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Genuine image has a smaller matching distance than the imposter
image. Images with smaller distance are included in the candidate list.
Query Image
Genuine Matching Distance = 4.22
Imposter
Matching Distance = 27.57
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Feature Extraction
Retrieval
Atlas Registration
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
32 31 3 0 29 28 27 26 25 2423 22 21 20 19 18 17
Matching
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National Dental Program In 1997, The Criminal Justice Information Services Division (CJIS) of the
FBI created a dental task force (DTF).
State Dental Program Three states: Maryland, Washington, and California
Best Collectors of Dental Records (>10%)
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Bite mark analysis
Identification
Serological analysis of bite mark
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The most famous bite mark case
The bite mark was onthe body of a victim
Wax bite exemplarTransparent overlays
superimposed
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Ted Bundy, was an American serial killer whomurdered numerous young women between1974 and 1978.
He confessed to 30 murders, however the totalamount of victims remains unknown. He would
bludgeon his victims, then strangle them todeath. He engaged in rape and necrophilia.
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in summer 1997 In a small town nearyarkshaire wooden house catches fire andcollapse, 2 bodies were found, remains were
intermingled . Bodies were identified as 14 years old girl
And 40 years old lady
anatomical features and dental record.
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At ground zero, among 973 victims identified in the firstyear (with only one method), about 20% of victims wereidentified using dental records.
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Around mid-March, (of some800+ identified bodies) 90% wereidentified by dental records
If you post pictures of your lovedones on the bulleting boards/web
boards, choose picture with abroad smile so that front teeth canbe seen. A better approach is topost dental X-ray films and leaveemail/phone number of thedentist.
----- Tsunami Reliefwebsite
A forensic expert examines a film of the
teeth of a tsunami victim in Phuket of
Thailand, on Jan. 11, 2005.
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A bite mark was
identified and preserved
impression was obtained
reconstruction of assailants teeth was done Impression was compared with the record of
suspects and finally the assailant was arrested .
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State of Indiana v.Jeffery Jones
Indianapolis
Police Departmentcase no. 5610144G
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A naked dead body of 38 years old lady wasfound near garbage container near herresidence.
Crime scene investigators (CSI) closely analyzethe body and found a bite mark on her neckand left breast.
Saliva sample was collected from bite mark
Sample send for DNA profile analysis .
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Conclusion:
The DNA profile obtained from Item (s)
M16 and M17 does not match the
DNA profile of Item S1 and could not
have originated from their initial
suspect, Michael Willey.
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Conclusion:
The DNA profile obtained from Item(s) M16 andM17 was searched in the Indiana DNA Database
and was found to be consistent with the convicted
offender sample of Jeffery Jones (DOC inmate
#974912).
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Conclusion:
In the absence of an identical twin, Jeffery Jones isthe source of the DNA obtained from Items M16
and M17 to a reasonable degree of scientific
certainty.
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THANK YOU