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FOREST ANDENVIRONMENT
SPECIES
Complied By:
Publicity and Extension Division
Punjab Forest Department24-Cooper Road, Lahore. Ph: (042) 99200796
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Sl.No.
SCIENTIFICNAME
ENGLISHNAME
LOCALNAME
DISTRIBUTION/DESCRIPTION TREE/SPECIES
1 AbiespindrowRoyle
Silver fir Partal,Paludar
Origin: Native to Himalayas of the Sub-Continentincluding Pakistan, Afghanistan and India.
Suitability in Pakistan: It is found high elevation inAzad Kashmir, Murree Hills, Hazara, Swat, Dir andChitral.
Description:A large, tolerant and evergreen tree 45 to60 m tall with a diameter 1.8 to 2.4 m. The crownextends to the ground with the branches of drooping,forming a conical crown. Leaves are needless 2 to 4 cmlong. The tree is valuable member of the coniferousforest that grows on steep sites.It grows on a variety ofdeep, rich soils, formed from various parent materials. Italso grows on steep, cool, northern exposures adaptedto a precipitation zone of 1100 to 2500 mm/yr, prefersin humid cold temperatre climate with a temperaturerange of -10 to 30c within an elevation range of 2000to 3000m. It reproduced from seed. It grows slow. MAIof 4 to 6 m3/ha/yr has been recorded. Wood is grain,straight, even, color of wood is white, turning to lightbrown with age with a specific gravity of 0.48 with acalorific value of 4500 Kg and strength is light, soft.
Uses: Construction, fuel, fodder (winter) watershedprotection, packing cases and plywood.
2 Abrusprecatorius L
Crab'seye
Ratti
3 Abutilonbidentatumhochst
Abution Pataka
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4 Abutilonindicum (L)Sweet)
Country-mallow
Peeli booti
5 Acacia albidaDel.
Australianacacia
AustralianKikar, SudaniKikar, SufaidKikar
Origin: Native to Tropical and Sub-Tropical of Africa.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted along theKhurram Garhi Canal and in Botanical and Research
Gardens.
Description:An evergreen, thorny, moderate-size tree,6 to 13 m tall. An intolerant, drought resistant tree thatgrows on a variety of textured soils. It will toleratesaline, sodic sites if adequate soil moisture is available.It requires precipitation of 250 to 1400 mm/yr. It prefersa semi arid, sub-tropical/tropical climate within atemperature range of -15 to 45 C, which indicatessome frost hardiness and at present no disease orinsects problems have been identified. It easily
reproduced from seed or by vegetatves means. Pre-treatment of seed with boiling water increasesgermination. Average height and diameter for 20 yearof old trees is 10 m and 15.7 cm respectively. It isuseful for controlling erosion in gullied areas and alsocan be grown on saline, sodic sites for soil reclamationand biomass production. The color of sapwood iswhitish gray, smooth & heartwood. The specific gravityof 0.59 and calorific value of 4910 kcal/kg. The wood islight and not very strong. It is a very useful tree in aridareas of Pakistan. Ideally situated for planting along
river banks and canals. In Africa it is reported to shedits leaves in the wet seasons. Also having ability to fixnitrogren makes it a good farm forestry tree. Flowersare in bunches 3.5 to 14 cm long appears betweenFebruary and April.
Uses: Fodder, Fuel and Timber (construction, boat &
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buildings), nitrogen fixing.
6 Acaciaaneura FMuell
Australianacacia
Anoora,Noora
Origin: Native to Dry Interior Regions of Australia.
Suitability in Pakistan: It is planted in gardens andhas been used in Arid Zone afforestation.
Description:A slow growing shrub to small tree, 4 to 5
m tall with a diameter of 20 cm. It grows on a variety ofsoils including heavy clay that are well drained. It preferprecipitation of 250 to 750 mm. It will also grow in alridto semi arid regions with a temperature range of -5 to40 c, indicates some frost hardiness. At present nodisease or insects problems have been identified.Leaves are phyllodes 3 to 7.5cm long by 2.5 to 7.5 mmwide. An intolerant, drought and hardy tree.Reproduced easily from seed. Seed stores for at leastone year treated with insecticides and sealed in air tightdrums. It is a very useful tree in arid and Semi-aridareas of Pakistan. Also having ability to fix nitrogrenmakes it a good farm forestry tree.The color ofsapwood is dark brown with golden yellow, heavy, hardand durable. The specific gravity reported to have aMAI of 2 to 3 m3/ha/yr. Flowers are in bunches 1.5 to 2cm long appearing in June.
Uses: Fodder, Fuel apiculture, spears, clubs andboomerangs.
7 Acaciacatechu wild
Blackcatechu
Khair/Katha Origin: Native to the Sub-Continent in the WsternRegions of the Himalayas..
Suitability in Pakistan: It is found in Malakand,Hazara and Rawalpindi Sitricts and it also can beplanted in the Punjab and Sindh.
Description:A medium sized, deciduous tree, 9 to 15m tall with a diameters of 29 to 31 cm. The bole and
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lindi9 Acacia
cyclopsG.Don
Australianacacia,Rooikrans
AustralianKikar
Origin: Native to the South Australia. Suitability inPakistan: It can be planted successfully in sand dunesand coastal areas of Pakistan especially growing verywell in Peshawar.
Description:A small, dense, evergreen, bushy shrubs
tree, 3 to 8 m tall. Leaves are phyllodes grown indownward vertical position. The foliage is light green,smooth and shiny when young. An intolerant, droughthardy tree which grows best on on soils fromcalcareous and quartizitic parent materials. It is adaptedto coarse sandy soils and will even gron on sand dunecrests. It will tolerate salt spray, saline sites and highwinds. It prefers precipitation of 200 to 800 on semi-arid, warm Mediterranean climate, with a temperaturerange of 5 to 30c, which indicates some frosthardiness. At present no disease or insects have been
identified. Reproduced easily both from seed. Pre-treating the seed with abrasion, acis soak or a hot watersoak will increase germination. Seed is stored for longperiod in the soil surface. Birds will also spread thisaggressive tree. It is relatively slow growng but willyield 12 kg dry biomass from a tree with a basaldiameter of 10 cm. Harvestable size between 7 to 10years.Very aggressive tree and one established in anareas it is difficult to remove. It grows well in a saltyenvironment and has been successfully used tostabilize sand dunes.The sapwood is grayish white,
havy, hard and very strong. The grain is closed.Flowers are yellow growing in showy heads and appearbetween April and may.
Uses: Fodder (goats), Fuel, ornamental and apiculture.10 Acacia
farnesianaSweetacacia
MeethaKikar,
Origin: Native to the Tropical America.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted successfully
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(L) Wild Vilayati Kikar in and is adapted to many areas of Pakistan upto anelevation limit of 1200 m.
Description: An evergreen, throny shrubs or smalltree, 3 to 5 m tall. Leaves are compound 1.2 to 5.5 cmlong. The foliage is green, smooth and shiny whenyoung. A moderately intolerant tree that grows best on
a variety of loose sandy soils, prefers well drained sitesalong water courses, tolerate saline, alkali sites. Itprefers precipitation of 250 to 1200 mm/yr ib senu-arid,sub-humid climate within a temperature range of -5to35c, which indicates some frost hardiness. Atpresent no disease or insects have been identified.Reproduced easily both from seed. It will seed naturallyon sites where it is adapted. It is relatively slow growngbut will yield 1 to 3 m3/ha/yr.This is a nitrogen fixingtree is adapted to a variety of arid sites including saline,sodic soils. An aggressive tree because it can tolerate
sone shade. Have a potential for farm forestry treeparticularly in areas where salinity or sodicity problem.The sapwood is white, heartwood is red, quite dense,havey, hard & strong and closed grained. Flowers areyellow growing in showy heads, fragarant maturebetween November and March depending ongeographic location. Pods are small 4 to 7 cm.
Uses: Fodder (goats), Fuel, perfume, nitrogen fixing,hedge, windbreak and lakh production.
11 Acacia
hydaspica R.Parker
Acacia Kikar
12 AcaciajacquemontiiBenth
Desertacacia
Kikar
13 Acacialeucophloea
Acacia Reru
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to pale yellow, appear between March and May.
Uses: Fodder, fuel, agricultural implements, hedge,apiculture and gum.
15 Acacianilotica (L)Wild ex-Delile
Arabictree
Kikar, Babul Origin: Native to Pakistan and is found in the Sindh,Punjab, Balochistan and NWFP. It is wild as well asextensively cultivated throughout the world, usuallybelow 600 m in elevation.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted in the plains.
Description:An evergreen, thorny, moderate-size tree,20 m tall. Leaves are compound, 2.5 to 7.5 cm long.Crown form varies from conical to spreading. Anintolerant, drought resistant tree that grows on a varietyof sites. It will tolerate saline, sodic sites if adequate soilmoisture is available. It requires precipitation of 125 to1300 mm/yr. It prefers a semi arid, sub-tropical/tropical
climate within a temperature range of 1 to 45 C. Itexhibits distinct differences between sub-species as tofrost hardiness and drought resistance. At present thereare minor problems with seed insects. It is easilyreproduced from seed. Pre-treatment of seed withboiling water increases germination. Keeping in cowdung for a week also helps in quick germination. It isrelatively fast growing and will yield 4 to 15 m/ha/yr in20 years. Average height and diameter for 20 year ofold trees is 10 m and 15.7 cm respectively. It is usefulfor controlling erosion in gullied areas and also can begrown on saline, sodic sites for soil reclamation andbiomass production. This valuable tree is adapted to avariety of arid sites. Aggressive and is easilyestablished. It is important in the central and southernregions of Pakistan and its wood is valued for fuel andcharcoal. Young trees need protection from grazing.Have a great potential as a farm forestry tree. It is
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useful for controlling erosion in gullied areas and alsocan be gron on saline, sodic sites for soil reclamationand biomass production. The color of sapwood is white;heartwood is pinkish white turning to reddish brown.The specific gravity of 0.75 and calorific value of 4900kcal/kg. The wood is durable, heavy, hard and verystrong. Flowers are fragrant, yellow to bright yellow
growing in bunches and mature year around.
Uses: Fodder, Fuel and Charcoal, agriculturalimplements, pit props, apiculture, gum, lac production,tannin, fencing, land stabilization, nitrogen fixing.
Medicinal value: Bark for diarrohoea and dysentery.16 Acacia
senegal (L)Wild
Senagalacacia
Khor,Kumbat
Origin: Native to Pakistan. Also planted extensivelythroughout Africa, central and South America, the Sub-Continent and other parts of the World.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted in the lower
Sindh, Baluchistan & Punjab.
Description: A small, thorny deciduous shrub, with aheight upto 8m. The thorns typically occur in threes,withy central ones curved. The leaves are compound 2to 5 cm long. The bark is smooth, pale greenish grayand peels off in flakes. An intolerant, drounght resistanttree that grows on a variety of very hard sites, usuallybelow 1700 m in elevation. It will not toleratewaterlogging and requires preciption between 200 to800 mm/yr. It prefers an arid to semi-arid, hot sub-
tropical, maritime climate with a temperature range of -4to 48c. It can tolerate periods of dlrought up to 8 to 10months. Mature trees are susceptible to termite attackduring periods of strees. Releatively slow growing withalife span of 25 to 30 years. Yields of 1 to 4 m3/ha/yr at25 years of age, depending on the site. Reproducedboth from seed and by vegetative means. It can be
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planted through seedlings pre-treated of seed with anover night soak in water will increase germination. Thetree is adapted to a variety of arid sites and alils. Veryaggressive and easily established. IOt coppices readilyand under certail conditions, it become a serioysprobles because it is difficult to eradicate. Have goodfor nitrogen fixer, erosion control on very harsh sites &
very useful for farm forestry tree. The specific gravity ofwood is heavy, strong with a calorific value of 3200Kcal/kg, Colour of sapwood is yellowish, white andhreatwood is black. Grain is coarse textured. Flowersare fragrant, white to pale yellow growing in bunchesand occur between August and December.
Uses: Fodder, Fuel, gum (food, beverages), landstabilixation, nitrogen fixing, poles and agriculturalimplements.
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17 Acacia seyalDel.
Australianacacia
Red kikar,Shittim
Origin: Native to Africa.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inDera Ismail Khan and Bund Korai in NWFP.
Also planted as a roadside trees extensivelythrought the hottest areas of Pakistan.
Description:A shrib or small tree up to 12 mtall. The crown is often flat and branching nearthe base. It is a deciduous tree with compoundleaves. It has sharp thorns usually in Paris andstraight. The bark is rough, cream to greenishyellow, or dary gray, reddish brown or black. Anintolerant, drought resistant tree that grows ona varieties of this tree tolerate waterlogging andcan even stand inundation for part of the year,It prefers a precipitation zone of 300 to 800
mm/yr on arid to semi-arid, hot, climate with atemperature range of 5 to 45 c. It can toleratelong period of drought, 8 to 10 months and freefrom insect and disease problems. The tree isadopted to a variety of arid sites and soils. Veryaggressive, easily established and can toleratewaterlogging and inundation. A good nitrogenfixer, very useful for erosion control on veryharsh sites and very good farm forestry tree.Reproduced both from seed and by vegetative
means. Pre-treatment of seed by nicking theseed coat, by an overnight soak in water insulfuric acid will increase germination. Thespecific gravity of wood is heavy, dense &strong, Colour of sapwood is light cream todark. Grain is close and rough. Flowers areyellow, fragrant, and appear between March
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and June.
Uses: Fodder, Fuel, gum, land stabilixation,nitrogen fixing, poles and agriculturalimplements.
18 Acacia tortilis(Forsk)
Turtleacacia,UmbrellaThorn
Waliati Kikar Origin: Native to Africa.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted in
arid and semi-arid areas of Pakistan.
Description:A fast growing small tree 4 to 15m tall. The crown is often flat, and umbrella likesupported by several stems. Foliage isfeathery-like and the leaves are compound andare small 1.25 to 3.5 cm. An intolerant, droughtresistant tree that growns on a variety of veryhard, lowland sites that have good drainage. ItIt favors alkali soils and will tolerate salinity. Itrequires a precipitation zone of 100 to 1000
mm/yr. It prefers an arid to sami-arid, hot,climate with a temperature range of 3 to 45 c.It can tolerate periods of drought of 8 to 10months and free from insect and diseaseproblems. A fast growing tree. Yields of 2 to 4m3/ha/yr, depdnding on the site have beenrecorded. It 12 years old plantation produced54 tons of fuelwood from one ha. This tree isadapted to a a variety of arid sites and soils. Itis best suited to well drained, alkali soils, butcan create problems by sending roots intofarmers fields. A very good nitrogen fixer,useful for erosion control on very harsh sitesand very useful farm forestry tree. Reproducedboth from seed and by vegetative means. Pre-treatement of seed by nicking the seed coat, byan overnight soak in water, or a soak in fulfuricacid will increase germination. The specific
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gravity of wood is heavy, strong, dense and dryheartwood with a calorific value of 4400Kcal/kg, Grain is coarse, spiral. Flowers arewhite and appear singly or in clusters in theSpring. The pods are twisted, yellowish brownand mature in early summer.
Uses: Fodder, Fuel, gum (food, beverages),land stabilixation, nitrogen fixing, poles andagricultural implements.
19 Acercaesium Wallex-Brandus
Maple Trekhan Origin: Native to Pakistan, India and Nepal.
Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it is foundin association with conifers at elevationsbetween 200 to 35oo m. Specific locations areChitral, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Murree Hills and
Azad Kashmir.
Description: A slow growing, deciduous tree
20 to 24 m tall. The crown is closed and ovalshaped and stem diamters of 47 to 95 cm.Leaves are simple, alternate 3 to 5 lobed and 8to 20 cm wide. A moderately shade toleranttree that grows on a variety of well drainedsites. It grow on fertile soils from clays tosands. It requires a precipitation zone of 750 to1500 mm/yr. It prefers a humid cool, coldtemperate climate with a temperature range of -20 to 35 c. and an elevation range of 2000 to3500 m. It is frost and hard. A leaf rust, tar-spotcan cause severe premature defoliation. Thetree is adapted to a variety of sites and soils. Itis a valuable componenet of the coniferousforest sna dis being harvested withoutreplacement. Initial growth is slow butincreases with age to approdimately 0.2 to 0.5cm of diameter growth/yr. Reproduced both
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from seed and vegetative means. The specificgravity of wood is dense, strong and tough witha calorific value of 0.63. Colour of sapwood &haartwood are creamy to pinkish white. Grain isstraight, fine even textured. Flowers are smallyellowish-green and appeared between Marchand May. The seeds are flattened, joined and
each seed has a thin papery wing & maturesbetween June and October.
Uses: Furniture, bobbins, flooring, carving andornamental.
20 Acernegundo L
PlainsMaple
Acer
21 AceroblongumWall
Himalayan Maple,
Acer
Panhgor,Kirmola
Origin: Native to Pakistan, India, Nepal andSouth China.
Suitability in Pakistan: It is found in a Sub-
Himalayan tract, eastward from the Indus river.It is grown as an ornamental in the palins.
Description: A slow growing, deciduous tree12 to 15 m tall. The crown is closed, ovalshaped and stem diamters of 4o to 50 cm.Leaves are simple, alternatte, oblong to lanceshaped, to 18 cm long and 2 to 8 cm wide. Amoderately shade tolerant tree that grows on avariety of well drained sites and porous soils. Itrequires a precipitation zone of 750 to 1500
mm/yr. It prefers a humid cool, to sub-tropicalmonsoon climate with a a temperature range of-3.5 to 40c and an elevation range of 600 to2000 m. It is frost hardy and no insect ordisease problems. The tree is rare or hard tofind in Pakistan. Because it can be used as afodder tree and is good for shade and fuel and
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have very food farm forestry. Initial growth isslow but increases with age. Average heightgrowth for 4 years is 2m and a MAI of 2.25m3/ha/yr. Reproduced both from seed and byvegetative means.The specific gravity of woodis dense, not strong of 0.70. Colour of sapwoodis heartwood, white to grayish brown. Grain is
straight interlocking, very fine textured. Flowersare small, yellowish-green and appearedbetween February and April. The seed areflattened, joined and each seed has a thinpapery wing (double samara) and maturedbetween May and Novermber.
Uses: Fodder, agricultural implements, fueldand ornamental.
22 Acerpentapomicu
m JL Stewart
Maple Maple
23 Achilleasantolina L
Milfolii Bu-mardiranZawal
24 Achraszapota L
NestBerry
Checkoo
25 Achyranthesaspera L.
Thepricklychaff
Putkhanda
26 Aconitum
heterophyllum Wall
Pakistani
atees
Atis, patris
27 Aconitumnapellus L.
Monkshood
Mitha ZehrBish
28 Acontium Wolfs Mohri
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violaceumstapf
bane
29 Acoruscalamus L.
Sweetflag
Bach, kull
30 Adiantumcapillus-veneris L.
Themaidenhair fern
Parsia-o-Shan
31 Aeglemarmelos (L)Correa
Woodapple
Bail, Katori Origin:Native to the Sub-Himalayan tract
including Burma, Central and Southern India
and Nepal.
Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted in
Pakistan.
Description:A deciduous tree, 20-25 in height
and 3 4 in girth. The leaves are compound
are mostly trifoliate; with leaflets lance shaped,7 to 8 cm long. It is a very intolerant tree that
does not grow well in shade. It is cultivated on
a large variety of sites, but does best on sandy
loam soils. It is adopted to an elevation zone of
0 to 1200 mm with a precipitation range of 600
to 1000 mm/yr. It grows well within a
temperature range of 9 to 40c in dry, sub-
tropical climate. Very aggressive tree that will
grow wild. It coppices well. Gorw is slow. It is
reproduced easily both from seed and by
vegetative means. The wood is light yellow or
yellowish-grey, lustrous and strongly aromatic
when first exposed (Specific gravity is O.89;
air-dry weight 57 lb. per c.ft). The timber is
hard, strong and tough, but is not much used.
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The wood is suitable for making charcoal for
producer gas plants. The grain is closed,
aromatic. The greenish flower-white fragrant
flowers appear from May to July and the fruits
ripen by December.
Uses: Fodder, Food, small timbers, gummy
mucous substance surrounding the seeds,serves as a good adhesive. Mixed with lime, it
is utilized as cement and the mixtures sets firm
rapidly. The stem yields a good gum.
Medicinal value: The unripe or half-ripe fruit is
regarded as astringent, digestive and
stomachic. It is beneficial in cases of diarrhoea
and dysentery. The ripe fruit is sweet, aromatic
and cooling. It is generally used in the form of a
sherbet, or marmalade.
32 AeruatomentosaForssk
Woodyamaranths
Boh
33 Aesculusindica Colebr
Horse-chestnut
Bankhor Origin:Native.
Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan.
Description:A The wood is suitable for making
charcoal for producer gas plants. The grain is
closed, aromatic. The Fllowers appear from
May to July and the fruits ripen by December.
Uses: Fodder.
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34 Agaveamericana L.HKF
Centuryplant
Bankevra/Kantal
35 Agavesisalanaperrine
Sisalhemp
Sisal hemp
36 Ailanthusaltissima(P.MillSingle)
Tree ofHeaven BahishtiDarkhat
37 AlbizziajulibrissinDurass
Silk tree Gulabi Siris
38 Albizzialebbek Benth
BlackSiris
Kala Siris Origin:Native to the Sub-Himalayan tract.
Suitability in Pakistan: It grows in a narrowbelt from Sialkot to Hazara, Bajaur, Buner and
Malakand. It has been planted throughout theplains of Sindh and Punjab.
Description:A fast growing deciduous tree 12to 30 m tall. A moderately intolerant, tree thatgrows on a variety of moist sites. It favors welldrained loamy soils, but will tolerate saline andsodic conditions (pH 8.7 to 9.4). It requires asummer precipitation zone of 400 to 1000mm/yr. It prefers a sub-humid, cool, warm, sub-tropical and tropical climate with a temperature
range of 4 to 40 C and an elevation range of 0to 1600 m. Several fungus diseases attack theleaves and pods of this tree. Indarbelaquadrinotata, a bark beetle, is a serious threatto plantations and roadside plantings. Grazingcan be a problem with this tree. Seedlings aresusceptible to frost damage. Reproduced both
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from seed and by vegetative means. Relativelyfast growing. Yields of 5 m/ha/yr, dependingon the site, have been recorded over rotationsof 10 to 15 years. The grain is figured,attractive, interlocked, texture medium tocoarse. The color is sapwood is yellowish-white, heartwood is dark grayish-brown turningto rich dark brown on exposure. The specificgravity between 0.55 and 0.64, and a calorificvalue of 5100 kcal/kg. The wood is very strong,resilient. The flowers are yellow or greenish-white appear in April and May.
Uses: Fodder, fuel, land stabilization, nitrogenfixing, poles agricultural implements, shade andapiculture.
39 Albizziaprocera
Benth
WhiteSiris
Sufaid Siris Origin: Native to Central and Southern India,Bangladesh and Burma.
Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it has beenplanted in the Punjab, Sindh and NWFP.
Description:A fast growing deciduous tree 12to 30 m tall. An intolerant tree that grows on avariety of moist sites. It does well in low lying,moist savannas and tolerates saline and sodicconditions. It requires a summer precipitationzone of 500 to 1000 mm/yr. It prefers a sub-humid, warm, sub-tropical climate with a
temperature range of 1 to 45 C and anelevation range of 0 to 1200 m. Grazing can bea problem with this tree. Seedlings aresusceptible to frost damage. In Pakistan it hasno known pests or diseases. Reproduced bothfrom seed and by vegetative means. Yields of10 m/ha/yr, depending on the site, have been
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recorded for rotations of 30 years. Growth inirrigated plantations has been excellent. Thegrain is figured, coarse. The color of sapwoodis whitish, heartwood is brown with streaks ofdarker and lighter. The specific gravity of 0.69and a calorific value of 4800 kcal/kg. The woodis very strong, resilient. The fragrant flowersare yellow or greenish-yellow appear in Juneand August.
Uses: Fodder, fuel, land stabilization, nitrogenfixing, poles agricultural implements, shadefurniture, tannin and apiculture.
40 Aleuritesfordii Hemsi
JapaneseTung
Japanesetung
41 Alhagi
camelorumFisch
Camel
Thorn
Kandera
Jawain
42 Allium cepaL.
Onion Piaz
43 Alliumsativum L
Garlic Thoom/Lahsan
44 Aloe vera L. IndianAloe
Kunwar-gandal
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45 Alstoniascholaris (L)RD Br.
Ditabark/Devil tree
Shaitan tree Origin: Native to Sub-Continent.
Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it isplanted extensively in the Punjab as an avenuetree in gardens. It is common in Lahore andKharian Cantonment.
Description: A large evergreen tree. Anintolerant tree that does not do well in shade. Itrequires a precipitation zone of 600 to 1000mm/yr. It prefers a semi-arid, hot sub-tropicalclimate with a temperature range of 4 to 42 Cat an elevation below 1000 m. It has no knowninsects or disease problems. Reproduced fromseed. Growth is slow, with an annual diametergrowth of 15 cm. The grain is close The color isgrayish white, creamy. The wood is hard, brittle
& heavy. Flowers are green to white.
Uses: Ornamental tree.
46 Althaearosea Cav.
Hollyhock/MarchMallow
Gul-e-Khaira/Resha Khatmi
47 Amaranthusvindis L
Amaranthus
Chalulais
48 AmomumsubulatumRoxb
Largecardamom
Barri Elaichi
49 Amorphafruitcosa L
Thebastardindigo
Amorpha
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50 Anacardiumoccidentale L
Cashewnut
Kaju Origin: Native to tropical America, from Mexico& West Indies to Brazail and Peru and grownall over the tropics.Suitibility in Pakistan: it grown along thecoasts and in the interior dry and semi-aridparts of South India.
Description: A medium size, spreading,
evergreen and much branched tree growing toa height of up to 12 m and grown on widerange of climatic and soil conditions; altitudesfrom sea level to 1000 m, annual rainfall 500-3500 mm and hardy and drought resistantplant. Wood is dark grey to reddish brown andweighs about 450 kg/m3.Flowers occur in dryseason. Natural regeneration occurs throughseed, coppice and root suckers & often grownmixed with mango or along the boundary ofmango gardens.
Uses:Timber used furniture making, boatbuilding, packing cases and in the production ofcharcoal. Bark used in tanning. Juice turnsblack on exposure to air and provides anindelible ink. Fruit fully ripe, may be eaten raw,or preserved as jam or sweetmeat. The juice ismade into a beverage (Brazil cajuado) orfermented into a wine. Fruits or seeds of thecashew are consumed whole, roasted, shelled
and salted, in Madeira wine, or mixed inchocolates. Shelling the roasted fruits yieldsthe cashew nut of commerce. Seeds yieldabout 45% of pale yellow, bland, edible oil,resembling almond oil, used as a preservativeand water-proofing agent in insulatingvarnishes, in manufacture of typewriter rolls, in
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oil- and acid-proof cements and tiles, in brake-linings, as an excellent lubricant in magnetoarmatures in airplanes, and for termite proofingtimbers.Medicinal value:Stem exude a clear gum,Cashew gum, pharmaceuticals and assubstitute for gum arabic.
51 Ananascomosus L
Pineapple
Ananas
52 Andropogonischaemum L
Songorica Palwan
53 Anethumgraveolens L
Dill Seed Soya, Sowa
54 Angelicaglaucaedgew
Angelica Choura
55 AnogeissusPendula Doakara Dokara Origin: Native to tropical Africa, Asia, Burmaand Sub-Continent.
Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated as anornamental tree in the gardens.
Description: A small gregarious tree with ashort crooked bole and slender droopingbranches. It is rarely more than 20 high and 23 in girth. It is essentially a tree of hot, dryregions. The timber is not durable. Inseasoning and working qualities, it resembles
the other species described. It is anexceptionally strong wood and is the thirdtoughest timber in the world. The wood is veryheavy and pale greenish grey in color (specificgravity is 0.96; air dry weight 62 lb. per cft).Fuel (cal. Val of moisture and ash-freeheartwood, 4839 cals). It is closely comparable
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to A. latifolia in structure, but with smaller morenumerous pores. Flowers appear in August-September.
Uses: Poles and rafters, making carts, toolhandles, toys, fuel.
56 Annonasquamosa L
Custardapple
Sharifa/Setaphal
57 Alpudamutica L.
Apluda Chhant
58 Arachishypogaea L
Ground/Pea-nut
Moong-Phali
59 AraucariacunninghamiiHawaii
HoopePine
Araucaria Origin: Native to South America. Introduced inthe Sub-Continent.
Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated in Jinnah
Garden Lahore and Parks. Also grows incoastal scrub extending 100 miles inland.
Description: It is hardy, symmetrical and bearsa strikingly characteristic elegant habit. Thetree reaching 150 feet in height and 15 feet ingirth, branches in whorls. It carries ratherscanty leaves triangular in shape, very narrowand curved, crowded on the branchlets withoutstalks. Male catkins 2-3 inches long, .3 inchdiameter. It has a conical crown which
becomes flat-topped with age. Its timber is ofgreat commercial importance, strong anddurable. Bark is very dark-brown marked bytransverse wrinkles or fissures having theappearance of horizontal bands like hoops.
Uses: Timber of this species is useful for
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Cabinet work, joinery, general constructionwork and plywood manufacture. Also used asornamental tree.
60 Arecacatechu L.
Betel-nut Sopari
61 Arisaemawallichianum
Hook
Cobraplant
Sanp buti
62 AristidaadscensionisL.
Six weekstriple awn
Lappa,Lamba
63 AristidacyanathaNeez ex-Steud
Wildgrass
Ranjha
64 Aristidafuniculata
Trin & Tupr
Wildgrass
Lamb
65 Aristolochiagigas Lindi
Pelicanflower
Batakh-Phool
66 Artemisiamaritima L.
Santonica Jhau
67 Arundodonax L.
Reedgrass
Narri
68 Asparagus
adscendensRoxb
Wild
asparagus
Sugaid musli
69 AsparagusrecemosusWild
Asparagus
Shatavari,Shakakul
70 Atriplex Orache, Korake,
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hortensis L MountainSpinach
Suraka
71 AtropaacuminataRoyle
Belladonna, deadlynightshade
Bantamaku
72 Artorcarpus
integrifolea(Heterophyllum)
Kathal Jack fruit Origin: Native to Western Ghat, Sub-
Continent, Bengal, Burma, Malaya and Brazil &other tropical countries.
Suitibility in Pakistan: Cultivated in KarachiUniversity Campus.
Description: A large evergreen tropical fruittree with a dense crown reaching a height of 50feet or more. It is grown plentifully throughoutthe warmer parts of the country. For successfulcultivation is requires a moist tropical climate
and deep rich soil. Propagated through seed.The wood is yellow when freshly cut, butgradually turns light brown on exposure. It is ofmedium weight (36 lb. per c.ft) fairly strong (7580% of the strength of teak), durable and notattacked by fungi or white-ants. The calorificvalue of moisture-free heartwood is 5,369 cals.Or 9665 B. Th.U and its ash content is 2.4%.The wood is cheap & excellent quality.
Uses: Timber, suitable for general carpentry
work, plain furniture, brush backs, inlay work,musical instruments. Unripe jack fruit is alsoused as a vegetable or made into pickles, whilethe ripe one is eaten fresh or preserved insyrup.
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73 ArtorcarpusLakoocha
Dahawa/Barhal
Dahawa Origin: Native to Sub-Himalayan Tract, (upto4000), Kumaon eastwards to Assam,Southwards to Burma & Andaman.
Suitibility in Pakistan: Cultivated in thePunjab.
Description:A large and deciduous tree witha clear straight stem, generally 20-30 high andup to 8 in girth. It occurs in the Sub-HimalayanTract up to 4000 ft. The tree is also cultivatedfor its edible fruits. The wood is yellowish-brown when fresh, but turns dark-brown afterexposure. It is heavier than other Artocarpuswoods (40 lb. per c.ft). It is fairly strong, similarto teak in transverse strength and modulus ofelasticity. It is straight or interlocked grained,
very coarse and even-textured. It gets injuredby severe frost in Lahore.
Uses: Constructional work (Posts, beams,rafters and scantlings), medium weight furniture& for boat building. In Assam it is chewed as asubstitute for betel-nuts.
74 Avena fatuaL
Wildoats/Barley
Javi
75 Averrhoacarambola L Carambola Kamraj Origin: Native to Ceylon, the Moluccas,Bengal & Sub-Continent. The tree is essentiallytropical and prefers a warm moist cl imate.
Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan
Description: A small handsome evergreen
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tree 15-30 high. Grow faster and in rich loamsoil. The tree is essentially tropical and prefersa warm moist climate. The carambola tree isslow-growing, short-trunked with a muchbranched, bush rounded crown. Propagation isdone by seed, but budding and grafting arealso possible. The wood (weight 40 lb. per c.ft.)is white (turning reddish), close grained and
moderately hard. Slices cut in cross-sectionhave the form of a star. Flowers appear duringJune-September and fruits during September-October and December- January.
Uses: Construction building, furniture, Fruitsmake into stews, curries, puddings & tarts. Acidfruits are used for cleaning metal surfaces,especially for removing rust stains. The slightlyunripe fruits are made into jam, jellies, picklesand preserves. Flowers some time made in
preserves. Carambola crush can be arefreshing drink.
76 Avicenniamarina
The whitemangrove
Timur
77 Azadirachtaindica A.Juss
Margosatree Lilac
Nim Origin: Native to India, Pakistan, Nepal,Afghanistan, Burma, China and Sri Lanka.
Suitability in Pakistan: It is found in Sindh,Southern Punjab, and lower Balochistan.
Description: A medium to large, usuallyevergreen tree, 12 to 25 meter tall. Amoderately intolerant tree that withstands someshade at an early age. It grows on soils whichvary from rich loams to nutrient deficient siteswhich are not saline or waterlogged and wherethe water table is above 18 m. It requires
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precipitation zone of 300 to 1150 mm/yr andprefers on arid, hot tropical and sub-tropicalclimate with a temperature range of 1 to 45 C.It is frost hardy and grass competition willprevent its establishment. It coppice easily andhas few insect and disease problems.Reproduced from seed and by vegetativemeans. Growth rate is high. On rotations of 8
years yield of 5 to 18 m have been recorded.Coppice stands seem to grow faster thanseedling stands. The grain is even textured,interlocking, dull to somewhat lustrous. Thecolor is sapwood is grayish white, heartwood isred fading to reddish brown with age, darkeningon exposure. The specific gravity of 0.68 andcalorific value of 4990 kcal/kg. The wood isheavy, hard and resilient. Flowers are small,white and with the fragrance of honey, appearbetween March and April.
Uses: Furniture, fodder, wood carving, timber,agriculture implements and tannin. Oil (from theseed) is marketed as a pesticide, vermifugeand a contraceptive.
Medicinal value: Leaves as a febrifugeextracts as a cure of typhoid.
78 Bambusanana Roxb
Bamboo Nari Bans
79 Bambusastricta Roxb
Bamboo Bans
80 BambusavulgarisVittata
Goldenbamboo
SunehriBans
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81 Barringtoniaacutangula L
Kyeni SamundarPhal
Origin:Native to Tropical Africa, Formosa,Polynesia, Northern Australia, Bengal, Assamand Sub-Continent. Cultivated as ornamentaltree in the gardens of plains.
Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted in
Pakistan
Description: A genus of evergreen trees orshrubs, including some 45 species. The tree iscommon in Sub-Himalayan Tracts and prefermoist situations. The wood is pinkish to reddishgrey, sometimes nearly white towards theoutside of the log and heartwood is not distinct.The wood is soft moderately strong and fairlydurable. It seasons well but is liable to warp. Itis a light wood (specific gravity is 0.58; air-dry
weight 37 lb. per c.ft), easy to saw and work byhand, machine and finishing to a dull smoothsurface. The calorific value of moisture-freesapwood (ash, 2.95%) is 5078 cals. Flowersdeep pink and bloom in June.
Uses: Boat building and cabinet work. Itstender leaves are edible. The bark, root andseeds are reported to be employed as fishpoisons.
Medicinal value: The powdered seeds indoses of a few grains are given to children asan expectorant and emetic. The leaves androots are bitter tonics.
82 Bassialongifolia
Madhucalongifolia
Mohwa Origin: Native to India, Western Ghat, Burma
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& Sri Lanka.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted asan avenue tree in Pakistan.
Description: A large evergreen tree with adense spreading crown found in Sub-Continent. Bark is grey dark brown. Mahua is
ordinarily drought and frost hardy, but suffersunder severe conditions. It is a strong lightdemander. Natural reproduction takes place byseeds which germinate early in the rainyseason soon after falling. Artificial propagationmay be done by direct sowing or bytransplanting nursery raised seedlings. Freshseeds should be sown during July Augustand covered with soil. Fruits ripen in May June. The sapwood is reddish white tobrownish white; heartwood light to dark red or
reddish brown, dull. The wood is more or lessstraight or shallowly interlocked-grained,coarse, even textured, very strong, hard andheavy (specific gravity is 0.950.97; weight 6162 lb/cu.ft). The calorific value of sapwood is4890 4978 cal., 880 to 896 B.tu., heartwoodis 5005 5224 cal, 9010 9404 B.t.u. ItFlowers in dense clusters, pale yellow incolour.
Uses: Wood is used for building purposes as
beams, door, window frames and especiallyposts, carriages, furniture, turney, sportsgoods, musical instruments, oil and sugarpresses, ship building, boats, bridges, wellconstruction, agricultural implements, drums,carvings, railway sleepers, good fuelwood. It isvalued for seeds which yield fatty oil, known in
M h B tt M F t Ill
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commerce as Mahua Butter, Mowra Fat, IlleppeButter or Bassia Fat. The corollas of mahuaflowers, commonly called mahua flowers, areedible and form an article of diet in villages inseveral parts of India. Mahua timber is used forconstructional purposes. Oil is used mainly inthe manufacture of soaps. The oil is sometimesused as an adulterant for ghee, for this purpose
it is clarified with buttermilk. Refined oil used inthe manufacture of lubricating, greases andfatty alcohols. Mahua flowers are eaten raw orcooked; largely used in the preparation ofdistilled liquors, vinegar, feed for livestock.Mahua berries are eaten raw or cooked, eatenby cattle, sheep, goats, monkeys and parrots.
Medicinal value: Mahua oil has emollientproperties and is used in skin diseases,rheumatism and headache. It is laxative and
considered useful in habitual constipation, pilesand haemorrhoids; it is also used as an emetic.Flowers are used in cooling, tonic, bronchitis,coughs, colds & anti-bacterial activity.
83 BauhiniacandicansBenth
Bauhinia Bauhinia
84 BauhiniaPurpurea L
Purplebauhinia
GulabiKachnar
Origin: Native to Pakistan. This tree is foundin the Sub-Himalayan tracts.
Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted
throughout the hills and plains.
Description: An ornamental evergreen treewith pink flowers, bushy crown and short trunk.
An intolerant tree of the tropics and sub-tropicswithin a precipitation range of 1000 to 2160mm. It grows within a temperature range of -1
t 40C It i d ht i t t d t l t li ht
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to 40C. It is drought resistant and tolerate, lightfrost. It does best on well drained, sandy loamor loamy soils. There are minor problems withdefoliating insects. It can be regenerated byseed or vegetative methods. Although a smalltree it is relatively fast growing. The grains arestraight. The color is light brown. The wood issoft and light with a specific gravity of 0.57. The
wood is hard and strong. Flowers are pink, lilacto purple in color bloom between Septemberand November.
Uses: Erosion control, fodder, food (pickle andchutney), tannin, honey.
Medicinal value: Antidote for snake bite.
85 Bauhinia
retusa Roxb
Bauhinia Papar
86 BauhiniaVariegata L
Mountainebony/Camels foottree
Kachnar Origin: Native to Pakistan. This tree is foundin the Sub-Himalayan tracts.
Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be plantedthroughout the hills and plains.
Description: Bauhinia is a small deciduoustree useful mainly for fodder and firewood.Grow on a variety of sandy, loamy and gravellysoils; requires 500 mm annual rainfall to do
well. Drought hardy but somewhat frost-tender.It can be regenerated by seed or by vegetativemethods. An intolerant tree of the most sub-tropical temperate regions. It has a precipitationrange of 1000 to 2500 mm and a temperaturerange of -1 to 40C. It will tolerate light frost. Itdoes best on well drained, sandy loam or
loamy soils There are problems with
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loamy soils. There are problems withdefoliating insects. Although a small tree it isrelatively fast growing. Height growth of up to ameter a year and diameter of 15 Cm in 8 yearshave been observed. The grain is straight. Thecolor is grayish brown. The wood is moderatelyhard. The wood is strong and resilient. Flowersare large, pink to white, fragrant and bloom
between March and April.
Uses: Implements, tool handles, fodder, food(pickle and chutney), tannin, honey andornamental plantings.Medicinal value: Antidote for snake bite.
87 BenincasahispidaThunb
Ashgourd,WhitegourdMelon
Petha Kadu
88 Berberisbaluchistanica Ahrendt
Barberry Zaralg
89 Berseraserrata
Gunj/Najore
Gunj/ Najore Origin: Native to Mexico & Sub-Continent.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan.
Description: A medium sized deciduous treewith a spreading flat crown, bearing numerousreddish brown berries of the size of large peas.
Wood is hard and grows well on rocky soil.Plants are raised from seed. Also propagatedfrom cuttings. Fruit is drupe trigonous ripens inJuly August. Flowers white appear in April May.
90 Berberis Barberry Sumbal,
lyceum Kashmal
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lyceumRoyle
Kashmal,Zirishk
91 Bergeniacilliata sternb
Bergenia Zakhaam-hayat
92 Beta vulgaris
L
Sugar
beet
Chukander
93 Betula utilisD. Don
Birch Bhoj/Birch
94 BischofiajavanicaBlume
BishopWood
Underikhni Origin: Native to India and east to SouthChina.
Suitibility in Pakistan: it is planted in theplains and in gardens as avenues exist inIslamabad.
Description:A large, evergreen or deciduoustree 15 to 17 m tall, fast growing species with adiameter growth of 1.3 cm/yr and an standmoderate shade and mild frosts. Reproducedmainly from seed. The leaves are compoundoccurring. The bark is thick and dark grey. It isdioecious tree. It requires a precipitation zoneof 700 to 1500 mm/yr or more in a hot tropicalmonsoon climate with a temperature range of -5 to 40c at an elevations up to 1200 m. It
coppice well, hard as teak and is equal to it inshear strength. Wood is hard and strong. Thegrains are straight & interlocking. Color ofsapwood is light green to reddish brown,heartwood is red to dark reddish brown orchocolate brown. The specific gravity of wood
is 0 74 and a calorific value of 5300 kcal/kg
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is 0.74 and a calorific value of 5300 kcal/kg.Flowers occur in March.
Uses: Wood is of good quality and largely usedfor constructional purposes such as bridges,house posts, rafters, for making cheap pencils,fuel wood, furniture, sleepers, pilings andornamental.
95 BlumeabalsemiferaLinn.
Blumae Kokronda
96 BoenninghauseniaalbifloraHook
Flea Killer Pissu mar
97 Boerhaviadiffusa L
Hog-weed Biskhapra/itself
98 Bombaxceiba L
SilkCottontree
Simal
99 BroswelliapapyriferaDel.(Hochst)
Gumresin
Loban
100 Borassusflabellifer
Palmyrapalm
Fan-palm Origin: Native to tropical Africa
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan.
Description:A tall palm attains a height of 4060 ft (sometimes ever 100 ft) and a girth of 3 - 7. It bears a terminal crown of 30 40large fan-like leaves, 3-5 in width. It is found inmany of the comparatively dry parts of Sub-Continent, Burma and Ceylon and is common
along the coastal areas. The fruit is large and
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along the coastal areas. The fruit is large andfibrous. The plant develops from self-sownseed. The timber (average weight is 49-50 lb.per c.ft. Gamble 738) is able to bear aconsiderable amount of cross-strain and longpieces of varying width cut from the stem.Flowers dioecious, greenish appear inFebruary to March.
Uses: Stem of tree used in hut construction forrafters, pillars, posts, crude bridges. Leaves areextensively used for making fans, umbrellas,baskets, mats, thatching roofs. Brooms aremade from their stiff veins. Tree yields a blackgum. Fresh sap of these palms, called sweettoddy or nipa, contains about 12% of sucroseused as refreshing beverage.
101 Bougainvilleaglabra
Choisty
Glory ofgarden
Bouganvillia
102 Brachiariaramosa (L)Stapf.
Chamapothaval
Jhanda
103 Brassicacampestris L
Mustard/indianColza
Sarson
104 Brassicajuncea LCzern
IndianMustard
Rai
105 Brassicanapus L
Turnip/indian rape
Shalgham/Toria
106 Brassica Black Kali sarsoon
nigra (L) mustard
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g ( )
107 Brassicaoleracea varbotrytis L
Cauliflower
Phool-Gobhi
108 Brassicaoleracea varCapitata L
Cabbage Bhand Gobhi
109 Broussonetiapapyrifera L PaperMulberry Jangli Toot Origin: Native to Japan, South East Asia andChina.
Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it issuccessfully planted and established both inthe plains and hills.
Description: A medium, deciduous tree, 3 to12 m tall. A tolerant tree that does very well inshade. It grows on a variety of well drained,rich soils, but not grow well on poor sites. Itrequires a precipitation zone of 700 to 2000mm/yr or more. It prefers a sub-humid warm,sub-tropical monsoon climate with atemperature range of 0 to 40 C on elevationsup to 900 m. It coppices easily andaggressively occupies shady sites. It isrelatively insect and disease free. Reproducedboth from seed and by vegetative means. Itgrows very fast, 1 m a year in height growth isnot uncommon. Diameter of 15 cm has beenrecorded in a 5 year period. The grain is
straight. The color of sapwood is grayish white,heartwood is light brown. The calorific value is5100 Kcal/kg. The wood is light and brittle. Thereddish yellow male flowers and orange - redfemale flowers appear in March and August.
Uses: Fodder, bark (for pulp, tapa cloth)
erosion control, furniture, boxes and packing
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crates, sports equipment and veneer andplywood.
110 BryophyllumpinnatumLam
Sproutleaf plant
Pather-Chat
111 Buddleiaasiatica Lour
Buddleia Banna
112 BuniumpersicumBoiss
Blackcumin/Caraway
Kala Zira
113 ButeaFrondosa
Flame ofForest
Dhak Origin: Native to tropical areas of the sub-
continent.
Suitibility in Pakistan: Found in the plains andin the foothills of Jhelum valley and SialkotDistricts.
Description: A small or medium sizeddeciduous tree and commonly found in areasbelow 1200 meters. The tree grows best onblack loamy soils, but is well adapted to saline-alkali and waterlogged sites. It is frost hardyand has a temperature range of -4 to 49C. Itprefers moist sites with precipitation greaterthan 600 mm/yr. The wood is susceptible toboring insects. Reproduced from seed or byvegetative means. A moderately fast growingtree. Growth of 5 m in height and 20cm in
diameter have been recorded for an 8 yearperiod. The grain is soft and porous. The coloris dirty white. The specific gravity of 0.54 with acalorific value of 4900 kcal/kg. The wood is softand not durable. The flowers appear in Marchto April.
Uses: Erosion control, gum from the bark,
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fodder, fuel, host for the lac insect, fiber and anornamental tree.Medicinal value: Oil from seed asanathematic.
114 BuxuswallichianaBaill
The Boxwood tree
Shamshad
115 Caesalpiniabonducella L
Fever Nut KarbatmKatkanja
116 CaesalpiniapulcherrimaL
Peacockflower/Bird ofParadise
Chota Gul-Moher
117 Cajanuscajan L
Pigeonpea
Arhar
118 Calamus
erectusRoxb.
Rattan
cane
Rattan Cane
119 CalendulaofficinalisLinn
MerriGold
Ganda
120 CalligonumpolygonoidesL.
Calligonum
Phog
121 Callistemonviminalis/
lanceolatus(Sm) Sweet
BottleBrush
Bottle Brush Origin: Native to Australia.
Suitability in Pakistan: It has beensuccessfully planted on avenues and ingardens in Pakistan.
Description: A small evergreen tree withdropping branches. A highly prized ornamentalas it would grow where others do not. A very
intolerant tree that will not grow well in shade. Iti lti t d l i t f it d
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is cultivated on a large variety of sites and canwithstand periods of drought. It prefers a semi-humid warm hot, sub-tropical winter/monsoonclimate. It can survive some frost but growsbest below an elevation of 2200 m.Reproduced both from seed and by vegetativemeans. Diameter growth rate is slow, 0.4
cm/yr. The grain is spiral, very close grained,pores small, evenly distributed. The color isgray or red. The wood is heavy. The redflowers appear in MayJune.
Uses: Ornamental and honey production.
122 Calotropisprocera R.Br.
SwallowwartMudar
Aak
123 Camellia
thea Link
Tea Chaey
124 Canna indicaL.
IndianShot
Hakeek
125 Cannabissativa L
Hemp. Bhang
126 Capparisaphylla Roth
Leaflesscaper
Karir
127 Capparis
deciduasForsk
Capper Karir
128 Capparisspinosa L
Thornycaper
Kaluari
129 Capsicumfrutescens L
Chilli Lal Mirch,Shimal Mirch
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130 Carallumatuberculata JFac
Chonga Chonga
131 CardiospermumHalicacabumL
Baloon-vine
Hub-e-kulkul
132 Caricapapayaedward
Papaya,Papaw
Papita Origin: Native of tropical America.
Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated inPakistan.
Description:An herbaceous tree growing to aheight of 1025 ft. bearing a large crown. It isat present grown practically all over the tropicaland sub-tropical countries of the worldparticularly in Sub-Continent, Ceylon, Hawaii,Philippines, South Africa and Australia. Papaya
thrives best on well-drained fertile soils. It isgenerally propagated by seed. Vegetativepropagation by cuttings and grafting. Flowerswhitish, dioecious.
Uses: Fruit mostly used in dessert. Unripefruits are consumed as vegetable.
Medicinal value: Every part of the tree issaid to be of medicinal value. The ripe fruit isstomachic, digestive, carminative and diuretic.
Syrups and wines made from it are said to beexpectorant, sedative and tonic. Milky juice ofthe unripe fruits is anthelmintic, particularlyeffective in the expulsion of lumbrici. It is alsoused sometimes in cosmetic to remove frecklesand other blemishes from the skin. Green fruit
is mildly laxative and diuretic and possessesecbolic properties Many of the medicinal
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ecbolic properties. Many of the medicinalproperties attributed to different parts of papayaare ultimately traceable to enzyme papaindistributed throughout the plant, but mostlyconcentrated in the latex of the fruit. Digestsprotein is used in medicinally to aid digestion. Itfinds application in food, brewing, tanning and
wool industries.
133 Cassiacarymbosa
Origin: Native to tropical South America.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan. Also cultivated in Lahore
Description:A large shrubs. Flowers paleyellow.
134 Carissacarandas L.
Karaunda Karanda
135 Carthamustinctorius L.
Safflower Kusam,Kusumba
136 CarumcopticumLinn
BishopWood
Ajwain
137 Caryophyllusaromaticus L
Clove Long
138 Caroyta Mitis Fish tail
palm/Rabok
Fish tial palm Origin: Native to Indonesia, Surinam & Sub-
Continent.Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inthe plains and gardens.
Description: An elegant palm, 12 40 ft. highand 4 7 inches diam, contains stinging
crystals from oxalic acid in the pulp and shouldbe handled carefully; however the seed
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be handled carefully; however, the seedkernels are edible. Propagated through seedsand division of clumps. A very nice indoorplant, it tolerates heavy shade and light frosts.It does well in indoors containers.
Uses: Fiber obtained from the base of theleave is used for stuffing mattresses and usedas tinder. Kernel of the fruit is edible aftereliminating the fruit wall, which contains apoisonous principle; it is used as a masticatorywith betel. The scanty but strong wood is usedin Dutch. In West Indies for making spinningwheels and the pith is eaten by jungle tribes.Fresh juice of the fruit is irritating to the skin. Anornamental plant.
139 Casearia
tomentosaRoxb
Modi Chilla, Bheri Origin: Native to Sub Himalayan Tract
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan.
Description: A shrub or a small tree. Thewood is hard. Seed many embedded in a redpulp consisting of agglomerated arils. Flowersappear in March - May.
Uses: Wood for fuel, making combs & Teaboxes. Bark is used in tanning (tannin 11%) itimparts a dark color to leather.
Medicinal value: Used as an adulterant forKamila powder. It is bitter to taste and isapplied externally in dropsy. Fruit is diureticand used as fish poison.
140 Cassia Sanna Sanna Maki
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Medicinal value : Seed pod pulp as apurgative.
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purgative.143 Cassia
Glauca LamCassia Zard Phool
CassiaNodasa
Cassia Cassia Origin: Cultivated in Eastern Himalaya,Chittagong, Malayan, Penensula, Bomeo.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted in
Pakistan.
Description:A deciduous tree. Planted as anornamental tree. Flowers appear in May-June.
144 CassiaOccidentalisL
CoffeeSanna
Chasku
145 CasuarinaequisetifoliaL
Beefwood tree
Casuarina
146 Cedrelaserrata Royle
The HillToon
Drawi
147 CedrelaToona Roxb.
Toon Tun Origin: This tree is native to the lowerHimalayas including Pakistan and Nepal.
Suitability in Pakistan: It is found in the plainseast of the Indus River. Has extensively beenplanted in Islamabad as avenue tree.
Description:A medium sized, deciduous tree,18 to 21 m tall. A moderate tolerant tree thatcan stand some shade at an early age;however it becomes more intolerant to shadewith age. It grows on a variety of well drainedsoils, in valleys and ravines. It requires aprecipitation zone of 1125 to 4000 mm/yr ormore. It prefers a sub-humid sub=tropical
climate with a temperature range of -5 to 40 C.It is not frost hardy as a seedling but older trees
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y gare quite frost hardy and it coppices easily. Theshoot borer Hypsipyla can be a seriousproblem. Reproduced both from seed and byvegetative means. Seed has a low percent ofviability and does not store well. The growthrates are high. Trees 14 m tall with a diameters
of 20 cm are grown in 16 years. The grain isstraight, somewhat uneven textured. The colorof sapwood is pinkish to grayish white.Heartwood is light red aging to reddish brown.The specific gravity of 0.57 and calorific valueof 5100 kcal/kg. The wood is light, moderatelyhard and resilient. Flowers are small, whiteappear in March to May.
Uses: Furniture, Fodder, Ornamental, timber,shade and construction.
Medicinal value: Bark for dysentery148 Cedrus
deodaraG.Don
Cedar Deodar
149 Celosaoristate L
Cookscomb
Kukur Phul
150 Celtisaustralis L/eriocarpa
Hackberry tree,NeetleWood
Batkarar Origin: Native to Pakistan, India and Nepal.
Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it is
common on both sides of the Indus. Natural
and cultivated stands and individuals are not
uncommon throughout central Pakistan. Very
common in Islamabad as avenue tree and can
be treated in Irrigated Plantations.
Description: A moderately fast growing,medium to large sized, deciduous tree. A
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gmoderately intolerant tree that will stand someshade. It grows on a variety of sites and soilsincluding both dry rocky site to swamps. It isadapted to a precipitation zone of 750 to 1225mm/yr. It has a temperature range of -20 to40C and is frost hardy. It prefers a sub-humid,
cool to semi-arid, warm sub-tropicalwinter/monsoon climate, usually at theelevations of 400 to 1800 m. It appears to bedisease and insect free. Reproduced fromcuttings, coppice and seed. Seeds have highviability. Diameter growth of 0.6 cm/yr has beenobserved. The grain is straight and uneventextured. The color is yellowish white to paleyellow with dark irregular streaks. The specificgravity of 0.60 and the strength of wood ishard, strong and elastic. The small, pale yellow
or greenish flowers may be perfect (bothsexes) or imperfect (one sex) on the same tree.They occur on the new shoots before the newleaves appear. Flowers appear betweenFebruary and May and its fruit maturesbetween April and September.
Uses: Making Tool handles, agricultureimplements, fodder and food (fruit).
151 Cenchrus
biflorus Roxb
Cenchrus
grass
Bhurt
152 Cenchrusciliaris L
Foxtail/Blue BufaloGrass
Anjan/Dhaman grass
153 Cenchrus Cenchrus Bara
penisetiformis Hochst
grass Dhaman,Sitti Grass
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154 Centaureabehen Lam.
WhiteBehenKnapweed
SufaidBhaman
155 Centaureamoschata L
Thebride/sweet sultan
Metha SultanMisala
156 Centellaasiatica L
Pennywort
Brahmiboti
157 Ceratoniasiliqua
Carobtree
Sada Sabaz
158 Cenops tagalperr
Cenops Kirriri
159 Cestrumdiumum L
King ofday
Din Ka Raja
160 Cestrumnoctumum L
Queen ofnight
Rat Ki Rani
161 Cheiranthuscheiri L
Wallflower
Cherri
162 Chenopodium album L
Whitegoosefoot
Bathoo
163 Chrysanthemym indicumLinn
Chrysanthemym
Gul-e-Daoudi
164 Chrysalidocarpuslutescens
Madagascar Palm
Areca Palm,Golden Canepalm
Origin: Native to Madagascar.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted in
the gardens and plains.
Description: A golden cane palm which can
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Description: A golden cane palm which cangrow up to 20 ft (6 m) tall. It is very common intropical landscapes around the world and is themost popular 'house plant' palm. It is veryadaptable palm either indoors or out. Yellowflowers are borne in branches about 3 ft (1 m)long that emerge from the top of the stem.
Uses: An ornamental tree.
165 ChrysopogonaucheriBoiss
Lovethorn
Chorkanda
166 ChrysopogonserrulatusTrin
Grass Har, SabaMogra
167 Chukrasia
tabularis Adr
Chittogon
g wood
Lal devdari
168 Chorisainsigni
Buda Buda Origin: Native to Southern Brazil, Argentina.
Suitibility in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan
Description: A deciduous tree, up to 60 feettall (18m), 30 feet bottle shaped trunk, up to 6feet in diameter (1.8 m); palmate leave.Propagation through seeds. White lily-likeflowers in the fall and winter, up to 2.4 inches in
dia or more. Pear shaped fruits containing asilky floss coming out of the seeds.
169 Cicerarietinum L
Gram Chana
170 Cichoruum Chocory Kasni
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170 Cichoruumintybus L
Chocory Kasni
171 Cinnamomum camphoraGrat
Camphortree
Kafoor Origin: Native to Japan, China, Formosa &Sub-Continent.
Suitibility in Pakistan: Cultivated in Hazara
Distt, Abbottabad, Lahore & Karachi gardensand all part of other countries with an annualrainfall of 40.
Description: A large handsome evergreentree either as an ornamental or as a source ofcamphor. Fruit is ripen in October. In its naturalhabitat it attains a height of 100 ft. and girth of6 8 ft. Camphor is formed in the oil cellsdistributed in all parts of the tree. It thrives bestat elevations of 4500 6000 ft. provided the
temperature does not fall below 15F. Forsuccessful cultivation its needed fertile, welldrained, full sun or light shade & sandy loamsites. Camphor plants can be raised from seed,layers, branch cuttings, root cuttings and rootsuckers. Propagation by seed is the normalpractice. It wood is yellowish brown in colorwith a strong persistent amphoraceous odour.It is moderately hard. It is too expensive for useas timber.
Uses: Timber, wood chips and camphor usedin the preparation of the expensive perfumes,sassafras and heliotropine. Volatile oil isdistillated from leaves and suitable for soapmaking.
Medicinal value: All parts of the tree containcamphor (used in medicines), which is obtainedby distillation of wood It is weak antiseptic In
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by distillation of wood. It is weak antiseptic. Insmall doses respiration is stimulated, the effectbeing most marked when respiration isdepressed by ether, morphine or similar drugs.Camphor is esteemed as an analeptic invarious cardiac depressions and has been
used in the treatment of myocardities. It has acalmative influence in hysteria andnervousness and is used in the treatment ofserious diarrhoea. The dosage is 2 5 grains.Camphor is extensively employed in externalapplications as a counter-irritant in thetreatment of muscular strains, rheumaticconditions and inflammations.
172 Cinnamomum tamalaHam.
Bay leaf Taiz paat
173 Cinnamomum tamalaHam.
Cinnamon Dal Chini
174 Citrulluscolocynthis L
Bitterapple
Tumba,Hantal
175 CitrullusfistulosusStocks
Citrullus Tenda
176 Citrullus
vulgaris Linn
Water-
melon
Tarbooz
177 CitrusaurantifoliaSwingle
Sour lime Kaghzinimbo
178 Citrus Orange Narangi
arantium L
179 Citrus Pummelo Chakotra
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grandis L
180 Citrus limettaRisso
Sweetlime
Meetha
181 Citrus limonBois
Citron Galgal
182 Citrusmedica Linn
Lime Khata
183 CitrusparadisiMacfad
Grap fruit Chakotra
184 Citrusreticulata L
Orange Sangtra/Kinno
185 Citrussinensis L
SweeOrange
Malta
186 ClematismontanaFreda
Clematis Her, DhararButi
187 Clerodendron inerme LGaerten
Hedgeplant
Karo
188 Clitoria
ternate L
Butterfly
pea
Nili
bel/Gokran
189 Cocosnucifera L
Coco-nut Narial
190 Coffea Coffee Coffee
arabica L Sanna
191 Colchicum Golden Suranjan-e-
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luteum Baker cyllyrium talkh
192 Colocasiaesculenta LSchott
CocoYam
Kachaloo
193 Colocasisindica LourKunth
Arum Arbi
194 Commiphoramukul (Hookex Stocks)
GuggulGum,Bdellium
Gugal
195 ConiummaculatumL.
Poisonhemiock
Zahar-e-Suqrat
196 Conocarpus
lanceolatusWild
Ethiopian
teak
Cono
197 Coryolvulusarvensis L.
Deersfoot, Bindweed
Karari, HiranKhuri
198 Coptis teetaWall.
Coptis Mohmera
199 CorchorusdepressusLinn.
MountainJute
Pahari-Patson
200 Cordia MyxaL
Sepistan Lasuri Origin: Native to Sub-Continent.
Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it occursin sub-Himalayan tract from Rawalpindi
eastward. It is also found in the salt Range.
Description:A medium sized deciduous tree.
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An intolerant tree that does not do well inshade. It grows on a variety of soils wheremoisture is available, in micro sites like nullas,gullies, pockets on hills where moisture willaccumulate, near waterways, and indepressions. It requires a precipitation zone of
300 to 600 mm/yr or more. It prefers a dry sub-tropical to a dry temperate climate with atemperature range of 2 to 42 C at elevationsup to 1500 m. It is frost and drought hardy. Ithas no known insects or disease problems ofsignificant importance. Reproduced from seed.It is a very fast growing tree. The grain isvariable, texture is fine to medium. The color isgrayish brown, reddish brown on exposure,luster variable. The calorific value of 4900kcal/kg. The wood is hard, moderately strong.The white, yellowish brown flowers appear inMarch to April.
Uses: Fuel, fruit, implements and erosioncontrol.
Medicinal value: Fruit for cough diseases ofthe chest.
201 Cordiaobliqua Wild
Sepistan Bara Lasurra As per above
202 Coriandrumsatigum L
Coriander Dhania
203 CoriarianepalensisWall
Blueberries
Balel
204 Contoneaster bacillarisWall
Cotoneaster
Luni
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205 CrataegusoxyacanthaL.
Crataegus
Gawalbudia
206 Crocussativus L.
Meadowcrocus
Zafran/Saffron
207 Crotolariaburhia Buch
Crotalaria Khipp
208 Crotolariajuncea L
Sunnhemp
San
209 Crotontigiium L
Jaipal Jafal
210 Cryptostegiagrandiflora
Roxb.
Madagascar
climber
Vilaitivascundi
211 Cucmisflexuosus L
Cucumis Tarbooz
212 Cucumismelo L
Melon Kharbooza
213 CucumismomordicaRoxb.
Wild/snapmelon
Phut
214 CucumisprophetarumL
Wuldcucumber
Chihbar
215 Cucumissativus L.
Cucumber
Khera
216 Cucumisutilissima L
Cylindrical ground
Kakrri
217 C bit P ki H l
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217 CucurbitamaximaDuch.
Pumpkin,Gourd,Wintersquash
HalvaKadu/Peetha
218 Cucurbitamoschata
Duch.
Sweetgourd
Halva Kadu
219 Cuminumcyminum L
Whitecumin
Sufaid Zera
220 Cupressusarizonia bull
Cupressus
Saru
221 Cupaniopsisanacardiodes
Sapindacea
Jahanvi Origin: Native to Australia, usually in thewarmer parts of the world.
Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated in Lahore.
Description: A medium size tree. The tree isplanted as an ornamental tree in garden.Flowers appear in April-May.
222 Cupressussempervirens L.
Graveyard orpyramidalcypress
Saru
223 Cupressustorulosa DDon.
Himalayan cypress
Devidiar,Deodar
224 CurcumaangustifoliaRoxb.
MangoGinger
Amba Haldi
225 Curcumadomestica L.
Tumeric Haldi
226 Cuscutareflexa Roxb.
Dodder Akasbel
227 Cymopsis Cluster Guwara
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227 Cymopsistetragonoloba L
Clusterbean
Guwara
228 Cycasrevoluta
Sagopalm,Cycos
Kangi Palm Origin: Native to Japan and China. Cultivatedin the Sub-Continent.
Suitability in Pakistan: Commonly grown ingardens in the plains.
Description:A small evergreen trees with theappearance of palms. Trunk 6 feet high. Livingfossils.
Medicinal value: The plant is said to betonic, it promotes expectoration.
229 Cydoniavulgaris pers
Quince Behi-dana
230 Cymbopogoncitratus D.C.
LemmonGrass
LemonGrass
231 Cymbopogoncommutatussteud
Grass Sarggarh
232 Cymbopogondistans(Nees) JFWatson
Bru-Grass Bru-Grass
233 CymbopogonjawarancusaL
Commonscentedgrass
Khavi,Kathori
234 Cymbopogonmartinii
Palmarosa, Rusa
Rosha,Rauns
(Roxb) JFWatson
grass
235 Cynodon Lawn- Khabal/Chab
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dactylon (L)Pers
grass/Bermudagrass
er
236 Cyperusrotundus L
Cyperusgrass,Nutgram
Cyprus
237 Dactylocteniumaegyptium LWild
EgyptianFingergrass
Madhana
238 Dahliapinnata Cay
Gardendahlia
Dhalia
239 DalbergialatifoliaRoxb.
Blackwood shisham
KalaShisham
Origin: Native to the Sub-Continent along sub-Himalayan tract.
Suitability in Pakistan: It is successfully
planted in many areas of Pakistan, India andother parts of the world. It is common alongrivers banks and streams.
Description: A medium size to large,deciduous tree. It is one of the most importanttrees in Asia. It occurs in dry sub-tropical, drytemperate climate and does best on welldrained sandy to sandy loam soils but willtolerate saline soils. It has an elevation rangeof 900 to 1500 m if precipitation is between 300
to 2000 mm. It is frost hardy and has atemperature range of 0 to 50 C. A veryintolerant tree, susceptible to root diseases inirrigated plantations and attacks by a number ofleaf fungi. Young trees are heavily grazed andbrowsed. Reproduced both from seed or by
vegetative means. In Irrigated Plantationsgrowth of 11m in height and 20 cm in diameterhave been recorded during a 15 year period.MAI f 7 7 /h / i hi d 20
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MAI of 7.7. m/ha/yr is achieved over a 20 yearrotation. The grain is interlocked with a mediumto coarse texture. The color of sapwood whiteto pale brown. Heartwood is golden brown todark brown. The wood is heavy with a specificgravity of 0.85 and calorific value of 5000kcal/kg. The wood is hard, strong and resilient.Flowers occur in groups and are small, dullwhite to yellowish white to pinkish, appears inMarch - May.
Uses: Fodder, furniture, fuel and charcoal,railway carriages, sporting goods, farmimplements and shade.
Medicinal value: Roots and bark have somemedicinal.
240 Dalbergiasissoo Roxb
Sissoo/Rosewood
Shisham,Talhi
As per above.
241 DaphneoleoidesSchreb
Daphne Ratilal
242 Datura albaNees
Thorneapple
Dhatura
243 Datura metel
Auct.
Thorne
apple
Dhatura
244 Daucuscarota L
Carrot Gager
245 Debregeasiahypoleuca
Debregeasis
Sindwar
Hochst.
247
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250 Delphiniumajacis L
Larkspur Delphinium
251 Dendrochlamus strictusRoxb
MaleBamboo
Bans
252 Desmostachya biinnata L
Dog-grass
Dub grass
253 Delonix regia GulMohar,GoldMohar
Gul Mohar,Gold Mohar
Origin: Native to Malagasy and has beenplanted in Asia and Africa.
Suitability in Pakistan: It is commonlyplanted as ornamental tree in Karachi,Hyderabad and Lahore.
Description: A small to medium sized fast
growing tree that attains height of 12 to 15 mwith diameters of 30 to 35 cm. It is anintolerant, but is sensitive to frost especiallywhen young. Reproduced from seed. The treegrows on almost any well drained soil. Theseeds are large, yellowish and mottled. Thegrain is straight. The color is whitish gray. Thewood is durable. Flowers are 10 cm across,bright scarlet appear in May and June.
Uses: Ornamental and Shade tree.
254 DianthuscaryophyllusL
Pinkflower,carnation
Gul-e-Mushtari
255 Dichanthium Marvel Palwan
annulatumForsk
grass
256 Dichanthiumfoveolatum
Grass Ghandal
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foveolatumDelile
DioscoreadeltoideaWall
Wild yam Knis
257 Diospyrosembroyopteris
Gaub Gab Origin: Native to Sub-Continent.
Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted ingardens in the plains.
Description: A moderate size evergreen treewith short, straight often fluted trunk andspreading branches in shady wet places andnear streams. The tree is a shade bearer. Forartificial reproduction, fresh seeds are sown innursery beds, 4 inches apart, in lines 9 inchesapart. The beds are shaded and watered in dry
weather. Seedlings appear in 2-3 weeks andtransplanting is carried out during rainy season.Seedlings are sensitive to frost and drought.Dry situations exposed to the sun should beavoided and care should be taken whiletransplanting to see that the long taproot is notinjured. The wood of Gab persimmon is greyishin color, close-grained, moderately hard andheavy (weight 48 49 lb/cu.ft). It is sometimesemployed for building construction and in boat
making. Gives a dense shade but grows ratherslowly. Flowers appear in May June.
Uses: Building construction, boat making,Pulped fruit is used as a preservative for fishingnets and as glue for book binding; boiled with
or without powdered charcoal, caulking seamsor paving bottoms of boats.The leaves areused for wrapping bidis.
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Medicinal value: An infusion of the fruit isused as gargle in aphthae and sore throat. The
juice forms a useful application for wounds andulcers. The bark and oil extracted from theseeds is used for dysentery and diarrhea. The
ether extract of the fruits possesses anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
258 Diospyroskaki thunb.
Indianpersimmon tree
Amlok,Japani
Amlok
259 Diospyroslotus L.
Persimmon
Jangli Amlok
260 DiospyrosmelanoxylonRoxb.
IndianCigar Beri Pata
261 Dodonaeaviscose L.
Hopseedbush/Dodonaea
Sanatha
262 Dolichoslablab Lablabniger
Countrybean
Sem-phali
263 Echincochloacolona L.
Jungli rice Sawank/Sanwak
264 Ecliptaprostrata L
Eclipta Bhangra
265 Eheratiaserrata
BrownCeder
Puna
Roxb.
266 Ehretiaacuminata R.
Bualpetthin
Puna
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Br.
267 Ehretiaaspera Wild
Adak,Addula
Sakar
268 Ehretialaevis Roxb.
Koda,Chamror
Sakar,Chamror
269 Elaeagnushortensis/angustifola L.
RussianOlive
Roosi-Zaitoon
270 Elettariacardamomum L.
Cardamom
Choti-Elaichi
271 Eleusineflagellifera
Nees
Goosegrass
Chhimbar
272 EphedraintermediaSchrenk
Ephedra Asmania
273 EphedranebrodensisTineo
Ephedra Naree oman
274 Eragrostiscordifolia L
Japaneselove grass
Pachhar-Gah
275 Eragrostis
oliosa L.
Love
grass
Chota
Sanwak
276 EragrostistenellaL.
Goddergrass
Bhar Bhuri
277 EriobotrysJaponicaLindi
Loquat Lokat
278 Eriophorum Wriphoru Gorbaggar
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278 EriophorumcomosumWall
Wriphorum
Gorbaggar
279 Eruca sativeMill
BitterMustard
Tara mera
280 ErythrinasuberosaRoxb/blackei Hort
Coraltree/CoralFlower
Gule-e-Nishtar,Dauldhak
Origin: Native to Sub-Continent.
Suitability in Pakistan: In Pakistan it isdistributed in the Punjab west of the Ravi River.
Description:A medium size tree, 12 to 15 m inheight. This intolerant tree grows on sandyloams soils in a moist sub-tropical climatewhere precipitation exceeds 800 mm/yr at anelevation up to 800 m. It has a temperaturerange of 2 to 40 C. Reproduced from seed or
by vegetative means. A fast growing tree thatattains diameters of one m in 40 years.Because of its fast growth and nitrogen fixingproperties it would be considered a good farmforestry tree. It is highly regarded as alandscape improvement tree. The grain ofwood is smooth, straight, soft and durable, butfibrous and tough. The color is light. The woodis light and has a calorific value of 4800Kcal/kg. The flowers appear in February, aredeep red.
Uses: Fuel, Nitrogen fixing, ornamental.
Medicinal value: Bark as a febrifuge.281
282 Eucalyptuscamaldulensi
Red-gum Sufaida Origin: Native to Australia. Widely planted inarid areas throughout the world.
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s DehnhSuitability in Pakistan: It is successfullyplanted throughout the plains and in the hills.
Description: A large evergreen tree up to 40meter tall. A very intolerant tree that grows on avariety of soil. It does well pm saline, sodic andwaterlogged sites. It is adapted to precipitationzone of 200 to 1250 mm/yr or more. It prefers asemi-arid, warm hot, sub-tropicalwinter/monsoon rain climate with a temperaturerange of -5 to 40 C at elevations up to 1400m. It coppices well and can be grown in mixedstands. It is frost hardy and can tolerate hotdroughty conditions if irrigated or if there is ashallow water table. Young tree may be
attacked by termites, but with age it is pestfree. Reproduced both from seed and byvegetative means. It grows very fast. Heightgrowth rates of 0.3 m/month for young standshave been reported. MAI of 10 to 25 m/ha/yr isnot uncommon. It is an excellent farm forestrytree ideally suited for planting on saline, sodicand waterlogged farm sites. The grain istwisted and interlocked, medium coarse,uneven texture. The color of sapwood is lightgray, heartwood is reddish brown. The specific
gravity of 0.71 and a calorific value of 4900kcal/kg. The wood is hard, elastic and resilient.The flowers bloom usually between May andJune.
Uses: Fuel, carriages, charcoal, furniture,
leaves oil used as repellant, shelterbelt,apiculture, pulp and fiber board.
283 Eucalyptuscitriodora
Lemonscented
Lachi Origin: Native to Australia. It is widely plantedin arid areas throughout the world.
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Hook gumSuitability in Pakistan: It is successfullyplanted throughout the plains and in the hills.
Description: A large evergreen tree up to 40
meter tall. A very intolerant tree that grows on avariety of soil including poor gravely soils aslong as they are well drained. It is adapted toprecipitation zone of 600 to 900 mm/yr or more,but can tolerate a dry seasons of 5 to 6months. It prefers a semi-arid, warm hot, sub-tropical winter/monsoon, climate with atemperature range of -5 to 40 C at elevationsup to 2000 m. It can withstand a light frost, itcoppices easily and can be grown in mixedstands. Young tree may be attacked by
termites, but with age it is pest free.Reproduced both from seed and by vegetativemeans. It grows very fast. Height growth ratesof 0.3 m/month for young stands have beenreported. MAI of 10 to 15 m/ha/yr on an 8 yearrotation has also been recorded. It is anexcellent farm forestry tree. The grain is twistedand interlocked, medium coarse, uneventexture. The color of sapwood is light gray,heartwood is reddish brown. The specificgravity of 0.78 and a calorific value of 4800
kcal/kg. The wood is hard, elastic and resilient.The flowers usually bloom between Februaryand March.
Uses: Fuel, Charcoal, Furniture, perfume(leaves), shelterbelt, apiculture, pulp, fiber
board and tool handles.
284 EucalyptustereticomisSm
Red gum Lachi As per above
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Sm.
285 Eucalyptustorelliana F.Muell
Red-gum Lachi As per above
286 Eugenia
jambolanaLam
Black
berry
Jaman
287 Eulaliopsisbinata Retz.
Grass Bhabbar
288 EuonymusjaponicusThunb
Sindleshrub
Tuli
289 Euphorbiahirta L.
Spurge,Euphobia
Dodhak
290 Euphoribiacotinifolia Carribbean copperplant
Red Jahuri Suitability in Pakistan: It can be planted inPakistan.
Description: This is a woody plant with redwine colored leaves and not a succulent asmost euphorbs. An ornamental tree.
291 EuphorbiaryleanaBoiss
TriangularSpurge
Danda-thor
292 Fagoniabruguieri
Fagonia Damahan
293 Fagoniacritica Deepa
Pricklyclover
Dammasa
294 Fagopyrumesculentum
Buckwheat
Baru
L.
295 FerulafoetidaBunge
Asafoetida
Hing
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Bunge
296 Ficus caricaL.
Fig. Injeer
297 FicusbengalensisLinn
Banyan Bargard tree Origin: Native to Sub-Himalayan region andSub-Continent.
Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated ingardens and roadsides for shade.
Description:A very large tree with spreadingbranches attaining a height of 100 feet, aerialroots many, some developing into accessorytrunks. It develops from seeds dropped by birdson old walls or on other trees. Easilypropagated from cuttings. It is hardy anddrought-resistant, it withstands mild frost. The
wood (weight 36 lb/cu. feet) is grey or grayishwhite and moderately hard. It is not consideredto be of much value as timber. Flowers appearin February-March.
Uses: Wood of aerial roots is stronger andmore elastic and used for tent, poles, cartyokes, banghy poles, carrying shafts. Alsodurable under water and used for well curbs
Medicinal value: Various parts of the plant
are considered medicinal. The milky juice isexternally applied for pains and bruises and asan anodyne in rheumatism and lumbago. It isalso used as a remedy for toothache. Leavesare heated and applied as poultice toabcesses. Bark is astringent and used in
dysentery, diarrhoea and diabetes. An infusionof the young buds is useful in diarrhoea anddysentery. Seeds are considered cooling andtonic. Young tips of hanging roots are given forobstinate vomiting
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obstinate vomiting.
298 FicuselasticaRoxb.
IndianRubber
Rubber tree Origin: Native to Sub-Himalayas, NepalEastwards to Assam, Khasi hills and Burmaascending to 3,000 ft, sometimes to 5,000 ft.
Suitability in Pakistan: Cultivated as anornamental tree in the Plains.
Description:A large handsome evergreen treewith a dense crown of dark green foliage andspreading branches, attaining height up to 120feet when full grown; aerial roots numerous.Tree known as a shade tree. Propagated eitherby seeds or by cuttings and layers. Propagationby transplanting nursery raised, seedlings are
preferred as plants so grown are found to bemore hardy and to produce aerial rootsprolifically. Bark is grayish or reddish brown,fairly smooth. Fruits are greenish yellow to redwhen ripe. The tree is the most importantindigenous rubber tree of India. It