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BiodiversityForm 2 scienceChapter 3

3.1 Diversity of Living Organisms

1. The diversity of living organisms is the variety ofdifferent kinds of living organisms.

2. The place where organisms live is called the habitat.

3.2 Classification of Living Organisms

Animal

Vertebrates

Inveterate

Organisms

Plant

Flowering

Non-flowing

1. More than 90% of the world's animal species consistof invertebrates.

2. Vertebrates are animals with backbones whereasinvertebrates are animals without backbones.

Vertebrate and Invertebrates Animals

Invertebrates Animals

Animals without backbones

1. Live in water

2. Cold-blooded (Poikilothermic)

3. Body covered with scales

4. Breathe through gills

5. Usually lay eggs and the eggs are fertilised externally

Fish

5. Usually lay eggs and the eggs are fertilised externally

6. Move or swim using fins .

1. Live on land and in the water.

2. Cold-blooded (Poikilothermic)

3. Have moist skin without scales or hair

4. Breathe through lungs and moist skin

5. Usually lay eggs and the eggs are fertilised externally

Amphibians

5. Usually lay eggs and the eggs are fertilised externally

Mexican salamander

1. Most reptiles live on land

2. Cold-blooded (Poikilothermic)

3. Body covered with dry and hard scales

4. Breathe through lungs.

Reptiles

5. Lay eggs and the eggs are fertilised internally.

1. Live on land

2. Warm-blooded (Homoiothermic)

3. Body covered with feathers

4. Have beak and scaly legs

5. Breathe through lungs

Birds

6. Lay eggs and the eggs are fertilised internally

1. Most mammals live on land (whales and dolphins live inthe sea)

2. Warm-blooded (Homoiothermic)

3. Body covered with hair or fur

4. Breathe through lungs

5. Give birth to young (except for platypus and anteater)

Mammals

5. Give birth to young (except for platypus and anteater)

6. Feed the young with milkfrom mammary glands

Plants

Plants

Flowering

Dicotyledons

Monocotyledons

Algae

Non-flowering

Conifers

Mosses

Ferns

1. Has two cotyledons in the seed

2. Has net-veined leaves

3. Has a taproot system

4. Has a woody stem

Flowering plants ~~ Dicotyledon

1. Has one cotyledon in the seed

2. Has parallel-veined leaves

3. Has a fibrous root system

4. Has a non-woody stem

Flowering plants ~~ Monocotyledon

Dicotyledon or monocotyledon ?

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A B

1. Non-flowering plants do not produceflowers and seeds.

Non-flowing plants

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1. Do not have leaves, stems and roots

2. Have chlorophyll

3. Grow in water or damp areas.

Non-flowing plants ~~ Algae

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1. Have true roots, stems and needle-like leaves

2. Have chlorophyll3. Produce cones4. Reproduce by seeds

Non-flowing plants ~~ Conifers

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1. Do not have real leaves, stems androots

2. Have chlorophyll3. Reproduce by spores4. Grow in damp areas

Non-flowing plants ~~ Mosses

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1. Have leaves, stems and roots2. Have chlorophyll3. Leaves have spore-producing

structures4. Grow in moist and shady places

Non-flowing plants ~~ Ferns

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1. Biodiversity is important to maintainbalance in nature.

2. Biodiversity is important to ourenvironment. It brings us ecological,economical and cultural benefits.

3.3 The Importance of Biodiversity to the Environment

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