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Formaldehyde columns from Formaldehyde columns from GOME as a proxy for biogenic GOME as a proxy for biogenic
emissions over Europeemissions over Europe
Università degli Studi dell’Aquila – CETEMPSL’Aquila, ITALY
http://cetemps.aquila.infn.it/
2nd EGU General Assembly
Vienna, April 24-29, 2005
U. L’Aquila CETEMPS
Gabriele Curci, Guido Visconti
Paul I. Palmer, Tzung-May Fu
Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group Harvard University
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
2 of 12
OUTLINEOUTLINE
• European Biogenic Emissions
• Formaldehyde column over Europe as seen by GOME and GEOS-CHEM
• Inverting the GOME HCHO column for Isoprene emissions
• Conclusions and Outlook
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
3 of 12
EUROPE FACTSHEETEUROPE FACTSHEET
Only continent where ANTHRO > BIO emissions
7% world area
• 33% forest
• 43% agriculture
• 24% other
13% population (680 mil.)
30% CO2 emissions
20% NOx and VOC
40 countries
Heavily man-shaped
Mediterranean
Continental
Cold-Arctic
[Simpson et al., JGR 1999]
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
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EUROPEAN BIOGENIC EMISSIONSEUROPEAN BIOGENIC EMISSIONS
Biogenic emission inventories highly uncertain: up to a factor of 5!• Many countries• Few observations• Different flora and fauna with respect to North America
• Unimportant on a global scale (7% area)
• Local importance: Mediterranean, East, Scandinavia
• Bio VOCs + anthro NOx: emission abatement strategies
NMVOC: 13 Tg yr-1
NOx: 140-1500 Tg yr-1
[Simpson et al., JGR 1995]
GEIA Emissions
GEOS-CHEM Isoprene Column in Summer
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
5 of 12
kHCHO HCHOEVOC = _______________kVOCYieldVOCHCHO
VOC source
Distance downwind
HCHO Isoprene
-pinenepropane
100 km
VOC
HCHOhours
OH
hours
h, OH
RELATING HCHO COLUMN TO VOC EMISSIONSRELATING HCHO COLUMN TO VOC EMISSIONS
[Palmer et al., 2001, 2003]
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
6 of 12
INVERTING GOME HCHO COLUMN FOR INVERTING GOME HCHO COLUMN FOR ISOPRENE EMISSIONSISOPRENE EMISSIONS
Exploit the fast oxidation of isoprene to mark source regions looking at its product formaldehyde (HCHO) where the biogenic emissions > other
GOME
HCHO column
340x40 km2 res.
global coverage 3
days
GOME “slant” column
GEOS-CHEM CTM model
Harvard University
[Bey et al. 2001, Martin et al. 2002]
GOME vertical column
Air Mass Factor
GOME isoprene inventory
EISOPRENE HCHO col.
[Palmer et al., 2001, 2003]
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
7 of 12
WHAT CONTROLS HCHO COLUMN IN EUROPE?WHAT CONTROLS HCHO COLUMN IN EUROPE?
GEOS-CHEM HCHO Column in Summer
BIOGENIC CONTROL
NO ISOP NO ANTHRO/
Biogenic control of HCHO column:
• Eastern Europe
• Northern Europe
• Iberian Peninsula
• Turkey
(GEIA Emissions)
0.4 1.21
ANTHROPOGENIC CONTROL
v7-01-02
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
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NO CLEAR BIOGENIC SIGNATURE IN GOME HCHO NO CLEAR BIOGENIC SIGNATURE IN GOME HCHO VERTICAL COLUMN AS IN THE GEOS-CHEM MODELVERTICAL COLUMN AS IN THE GEOS-CHEM MODEL
GOME GEOS-CHEMJUL 97 r = 0.50
AUG 97 r = 0.46
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
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GOME HCHO COLUMN IS QUALITATIVELY CONSISTENT WITH GOME HCHO COLUMN IS QUALITATIVELY CONSISTENT WITH THE UPDATED MEGAN BIOGENIC INVENTORYTHE UPDATED MEGAN BIOGENIC INVENTORY
GOME HCHO - July 1997
MEGAN Isoprene Emissions July 2000 [Guenther et al.]
GEOS-CHEM (GEIA) Isoprene Emissions - July 1997
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
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HCHO/NO2 COLUMN RATIO SHOWS HCHO/NO2 COLUMN RATIO SHOWS ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS INFLUENCEANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS INFLUENCE
NOx-sat NOx-sens
Also following indications by Martin et al., [2003]:
GOME HCHO column could be used as a proxy for isoprene emissions on Eastern Europe
GOME HCHO and NO2 data:
P. Palmer, M. Fu, R. Martin, K. Chance, T. Kurosu
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
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ISOPRENE EMISSIONS FROM GOME OVER EASTERN ISOPRENE EMISSIONS FROM GOME OVER EASTERN EUROPE - JULY 1997EUROPE - JULY 1997
GOME
Isoprene Emissions
Fo
rmal
deh
yde
Co
lum
n
non-isoprene contribution
GEOS-CHEM
Relationship Isoprene Emissions and HCHO Column from the model
0.4 Tg C
0.2 Tg C
GOME HCHO and biogenic emissions in EuropeGabriele Curci , U. L’Aquila - CETEMPS
12 of 12
CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOKCONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK• Formaldehyde column from GEOS-CHEM (GEIA) differs
from GOME over Europe• Use of GOME data as constraint on European isoprene
emissions indicates a reduction of the flux. This is consistent with recent work (e.g. MEGAN)
• To do next:– Careful estimate of the errors of the inversion method– Estimate isoprene emissions country by country for comparison
with Simpson et al. [1999]– MEGAN inventory into the model– Seasonal cycle – Asses contribution of biomass burning over Greece and South
Italy to HCHO column– Comparison of GOME HCHO with campaign data (MINOS,
FORMAT)
Gabriele Curcihttp://www.aquila.infn.it/people/Gabriele.Curci.html/
Università degli Studi dell’Aquila – CETEMPSL’Aquila, ITALY
http://cetemps.aquila.infn.it/
U. L’Aquila CETEMPS
THE ENDTHE ENDThanks for the attention!Thanks for the attention!