FORMAT OF A REPORT

STRUCTURE/COMPOSITION

NUMBERING SYSTEM

APA CITATION (American Psychological Association)

STRUCTURE

LENGTH 10 to 15 pgs, excluding appendices.

PAPER A4-Size paper (white)

PRINTING One-sided

JUSTIFICATION Justified left & right

FONT Time New Roman (size 12pt)

STRUCTURE cont…LINE SPACING Double space

INDENTATION Distinguish headings (14pt size & bold) & subheadings

First line of new paragraph

PAGINATION Sequenced page numbersBottom centreTitle page not counted/numbered

TABLES & FIGURES Sequenced number

Centre & labelled

APPENDICES NumberedContinuous page number

NUMBERING SYSTEM

Decimal numbering system

Organize headings, sections & subsections

Do not exceed 3-level of heading & subheadings

IN-TEXT

See sample

NUMBERING SYSTEM cont…

TABLE OF CONTENT

Decimal systemList all headings, sub(s)According to the in-text numbering

1.0 Introduction ……………………………………………... 1 1.1 Statement of the problem …………………………… 2 1.2 Research questions ………………………………….. 32.0 Introduction……………………………………………….. 4 2.1 Research in the West ………………………………... 5

2.1.1 Question Formation in ESL Classes …………… 6

APA STYLE CITATIONIN-TEXT CITATION

Avoid PLAGIARISM!

5 common types

(1) SHORT QUOTATION

Incorporated in the text Use quotation marks

Blocked in separate paragraph (one space)Indented 0.6” (left and right margin). Quotation marks are not used

(2) LONG QUOTATION (>30 words)

(3) OMISSION IN QUOTATION

Certain parts of the citation are omitted Dots are used Grammatically accurate

(4) REFERRED CITATION

Other author’s work is referred, not quotedMention author’s nameSynthesized information properly cited

(5) ELECTRONIC CITATION

It was suggested that students using internet for their information retrieval should be given “thorough training on the proper citation to avoid plagiarism” (Beutler, 2004, Conclusion section, para 1).

Quotation marks used to indicate citationLonger than 30 words (refer to block citation)

Surname of the author

Year of publicationArticle sectionArticle’s paragraph

Commas used to separate

Capitalized initial letter

BIBLIOGRAPHYAPA STYLE CITATION cont…

BOOKSELCTRONIC PUBLICATIONSPERIODICALSENCYCLOPEDIAAUDIO VISUAL RESOURCES

All reference used in report must be listedDouble-space between citationsList not numberedAlphabetical order

The end click here

Sample of short quotation

Schiffrin (1994) had pointed out that the study and analysis of discourse “provides an additional and refreshing approach to the study and understanding of human language” (1994, p.264).

Quotation marks at the beginning & at the end of the citation

In brackets include the year(optional) followed with a comma(,). p(for page) or pp(for pages) a period(.) before the page number.Full stop comes after the close bracket.

Surname of the author Year of publication in the brackets

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Sample of long quotation

Many studies that involved both English and Malay had been carried out off late. These included studies on code-switching and mixed language. Ozog (1987), for instance, mentioned in his research:

The Malay syntactic patterns often influenced the use of English in the Malay ESL discourse and that the patterns conformed to the patterns that had been described at length by many Malaysian linguists (p.73).

Page number in brackets A period comes after close bracket

Indented 0.6” both sides

Direct quotation block and separated

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Sample of omission in quotation

According to Tongue (1974), it was pointed out that “one grammatical component that was usually omitted … is the object pronoun”(p.85).

Quotation marks used at the beginning & at the end of citation

Dots are used to indicate omission and continuation of different parts of information

Two separate parts of information taken from the same author’s workcombined as one sentence - grammatically accurate - with 3 dots (…)Back to main page

Sample of referred citation

Robert Bley-Vroman and Naoko Yoshinaga (2000) studied the acquisition of WH-questions in high proficiency non-native speakers of English with reference to the study done earlier by Porayska-Pomsta (1997) in relation to learning behaviour.

Author’s name The year of publication in brackets

Two studies referredTwo authors of the same work

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BOOK (1 author)

Azar, B. S. (1992). Fundamentals of English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents.

1 author: Betty Schrampfer Azar

Comma, then 1 space Publication year in brackets

Title of the book in Italics

Place (state) of publication

Publisher followed by a period

Colon after publication place then space

Book (2 authors) click hereBack to main page

Each initial letter of the book title is capitalized

BOOK (2 authors)

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Platt, J. T. & H. Weber. (1990). English in Singapore and Malaysia. Oxford : Oxford University Press.

Surname of the first author

Middle and first name initialsSeparated one space with periods

One space then (and – can use &) then one space

Second author’s first name initial comes first

Second author’s surname

Additional line(s) are indented 6 spaces

Book (Edited) click here

BOOK (Edited)

Letheridge, S., & C. R. Cannon (Eds.). (1980). Bilingual Education.

New York: Praeger.Two editors “Eds.” One editor “Ed.”In brackets, close bracket followed with a period then space

A periodIndented 6 spaces

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Internet

Reid, A. (no date). A Practical Guide for Writing Proposals . Retrieved October 24, 2003, from http://www.leo.stcloudstate.edu/write/proposals.html

If there is the date of article’s publication, indicate

Complete Url address

Title of the article retrieved

Back to main page

Note: If the author is not identified begin with the title of the document.

CD-ROM click here

CD-ROM

Interactive course of English Euro+ REWARDS (Intermediate ed.), [CD- ROM]. (1998). Available: Macmillan publishers limited [2003, November 15].

Title of the CD-ROM

In brackets indicate the edition

In square brackets indicate the type

In brackets year of publication

Date of access

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Periodicals (Newspaper)

Friedman, R. A. Why the liars are so ubiquitous. (2003, August 10). New Sunday Times, pp. F8 & F11.

Initial letters of the newspaper’s title are capitalizedNewspapers’ title is italicized

Title of the article taken from NSTIn sentence form (capitalize only the first word initial)

In brackets (year,space month day)

Pages (pp.) the article was takenBack to main page Journals click here

Periodicals (Journal)

Lyster, R. (1999). Question forms, conditionals, and second-person pronouns used by adolescent native speakers across two levels of formality in written and spoken French. The Modern Language Journal, 80, 165-182.

Initial letters (Journal’s title) are capitalizedJournal’s title italicized

Volume number followed with comma and space

Page numbersEnds with a period

Back to main page Magazine click here

Periodicals (Magazine)

Garner, H. J. (1997, July). Do babies have a universal song? Psychology Today,102, 70- 77.

In brackets indicate year followed with comma, monthClose bracket followed by a period.

Title of the articleSentence form

Title of the magazineItalicizedInitials capitalized

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Encyclopedia

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New Encyclopedia  Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

Preposition used

Volume no. and pages in brackets

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Audio-visual resource (Films/videos)

Scmitdh A. G. (Producer), & Spielberg, S. (Director). (2003). Winter on the Moon [Motion picture]. California: Century Fox.

In brackets indicate year of production

In square brackets indicate type

Production company

Back to main page Music/song click here

Jackson, M. (1999). Call the man [Recorded by Celline Dion]. On Falling into You[CD]. New York: BMI Music Limited.

Audio-visual resource (Music/song)

Title of the albumItalicizedInitials capitalized

Title of the song

In square brackets indicate singerIf the composer is the singer, do not have to repeat

Composer

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Ready to complete your proposal?

Get your secondary source ready.Just in case you forgot… here are the

proposal’s requirements:

• Submission

• Evaluation