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8/19/2019 Formation of Colonial Society
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Central Philippine University
Social Science DepartmentIloilo City
The Formation of Philippine ColonialSociety, 1762-186
Jonald B. Dorado
Lecturer
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discuss and analyze the factors that led to thedevelopment of Filipino nationalism;
describe the patterns of Philippine economicdevelopments and appraise their effects;
discuss the nature and analyze the significanceof the reform movement; and
identify and explain the factors that lead to thestaging of Philippine Revolution.
!"#ectives$ %t the en& of this 'nit, the
st'&ents sho'l& "e a"le to((
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Contri"'tory Factors that )e&
to the Development of Filipino *ationalism
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!ppressive Colonial Policies an& the
*atives+ esponses Common rievancesabuses and exploitation by the friars
excessiveness of !panish imposedinstitutions
"arly #prisings
Filipinos staged more than $%% revoltsa&are of strength; education in struggle; each
led to a&a'ening of national consciousness
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.ternal Political Factors
!pread of Progressive"uropean Ideologies
tenets of individualliberty and greaterfreedom; ideas ofe(uality and fraternity
spread of liberalism inthe Philippines
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1th Cent'ry conomic Development
)pening of the country to internationalcommercemercantilism to laissez*faire+ development of
ne& classes, alteration of existing order galleon trade and government monopolies
&ere abolished
expansion of trade and opening of ports+ highforeign demands; agricultural production
development and regionalization of cashcrops
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Rise of the -iddleClassPhilippine opening to
&orld trade+ prosperity
fe& Filipinos andmestizos prosper+middle class
provided nationalleadership
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Improvements of
ransportationandCommunication
Facilitiesroads, bridges,
mail service, etc..
natives becamemore a&are oftheir commonplight
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)pening of the !uez Canal in $/01
shortened route bet&een Philippines and"urope
influx of liberals to the country
Filipinos traveled to "urope and learnedprogressive ideologies
"stablishment of Foreign Firms in theCountry"nglish and 2merican businesses &ere
established
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1th Cent'ry Political Developments
!ecularization andFilipinization long (uarrel bet&een
regulars and secularsover parish assignmentsand supervision
native priests resented
the in3ustices anddiscrimination againstthem
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Liberal
2dministration ofov. en. Carlos-aria de la orre
granted individualrights to natives
Filipinos4 $stexperience of aliberal government
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Cavite -utiny and
)-5#R62 -artyrdomov. en. Rafael deIz(uierdo suspended orrevised liberal policies of
his predecessor+ unrestbro'e out
&or'ers at Fort !anFelipe at Cavite mutinied
Frs. omez, 5urgos and6amora &ere accused,tried and executed
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Patterns of Philippine
conomic Development
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conomic Development
in the 1th
Cent'ry 2doption of Liberal "conomic Policy
7Laisses*faire8
galleon trade and government monopolies&ere abolished
development of agricultural resources,&idening of commercial contacts &ith other
countriesproduction of cash crops &as encouraged+
ne& sources or revenue, less dependence
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"conomic ransformations 5rought by
)pening of the Country to 9orld radeestablishment of foreign firms and consulatesregional specialization of crops flourished
ban's and service*o&ned facilities &ere putup
Chinese and Filipinos became capitalists
mestizos gre& in affluence became retail merchants, &holesalers and
lando&ners became leaders in finance and education
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The eform /ovement
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Concept of *ationhoo&
Role of the -iddle Class!panish and Chinese
mestizos and natives &horose to position of po&er
and became leaders infinance and education
discriminated by the!paniards
started movement forreforms
&or'ed closely &ith the
natives
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:ature of the Reform
-ovementexpose evils of !panish
colonialism in the Philippinesand in !pain
!panish government bea&are of Philippineconditions+ grant of some
reformsno clamor for independence,
but peaceful assimilation
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!ome Reforms emanded by the Reform
-ovementPhilippines be made a province of !pain
e(uality before the la&
transparency in the governmenteducation for all
restoration of representation in !panishCortes
return of lands to the nativesFilipinization of the Catholic Church
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he reat Reformists
filibusteros 7mutineers8,young men sent to !painto study 7Rizal, etc8 andrefugees &ho escaped
persecution 7
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es'lts an& Si0nificance of the
eform /ovement 9ea'nesses of the
-ovement
!pain &as too pre*occupied&ith its o&n internal problems
friars &ere too po&erful
did not have sufficient meansto carry out its ob3ectives; lac'of funds
lac' of unity among reformists
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!ignificance of the-ovementLa !olidaridad and novels of
Rizal influenced localillustrados &ho later on led
revolutionary forces in theirareas
feeling of empathydeveloped among people
its failure led into thefounding of the =atipunan&ith a revolutionary aim
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Factors )ea&in0 to the
Philippine evol'tion of 186
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Un&erlyin0 Factors
Influence of thePropaganda-ovement
he Role of -asonryanti friar movement
helped fund
propaganda movementpattern for the methods
of the organization of===
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La Liga Filipina
organized by
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he !plit amongReformistsLiga lay lo& due to arrest
and deportation of Rizal
members &ere convinced
that peaceful agitation forreforms &as futile
conservatives+ pledged tocontinue supporting La
!olidaridadradicals+ formed a ne&
secret society, ===
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Centuries of
"xploitative ImposedInstitutionscommon sufferings
among people
deep resentment feltagainst land grabbingand other exploitativepractices
people rallied torevolutionary struggle
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mme&iate Ca'ses
"conomic epression in $/1$*$/1?unstable currency and exchange
fluctuations
prices of sugar and hemp felldisastrously
rought and Locust Infestation in
Central Luzon in
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Convergence ofrievancesconvergence of the
discriminated and
exploited classesformed common
stream of protest
conditions becameripe for a revolution
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he =atipunan
led by 2ndres5onifacio
separation of thePhilippines from
!painarousing national
feeling; &or'ing fordeliverance from
!panish oppressionand friar despotism
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Preparation for evol'tionary
Str'00le
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ecr'itment, Propa0an&a an&
.pansion =atipunan4s Preparationrecruitment and gathering
of armspublication of =alayaan
edited by "milio
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indoctrination of members
&ith =artilla prepared by"milio
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Discovery of an& Start of the
evol'tion betrayal of eodoro PatiAo
in 2ugust $1, $/10
massive arrest,imprisonment andexecution of suspectedmembers
Bhe ie is Cast D Cry ofPugadla&in 72ug. >E8 orCry of 5alinta&a' 72ug. >08
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Credits
ata
Funtecha, .F. G Padilla, -.%%%8. A studyguide in Philippine history for students and
teachers. Iloilo City+ -indset. Pictures
&&&.google.com
@ideo Clips&&&.youtube.com
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END
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9est @isayas !tate #niversity
Social Science DepartmentIloilo City
Transnational Society$ Philippine
evol'tion to Filipino-%merican
3ostilities
Shim Lester G. de Pio
Lecturer
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The Philippine evol'tion
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Discovery of
he iscoverypublication and dissemination of =alayaan
increased membership; difficult to remain secret
nightly meeting of ne& members aroused suspicion of authorities; banishment of prominent men
of -alolos and aal
betrayal of eodoro PatiAo revealed existence of === to his sister and later to Fr. -ariano
il on august $/10
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Results of the iscoveryCry of Pugadla&in
5onifacio and his men too' the field; tore theircedulas on 2ug. >E, $/10
mass arrests
prominent men &ere 3ailed and some &ereexecuted 7$E -artyrs of Cavite and r.
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Factionalism -agdalo*-agdi&ang Rivalry-agdalo 75aldomero 2guinaldo8 and
-agdi&ang 7-ariano 2lvarez8 t&o factions fought separately &hen revolution
bro'e out in Cavite
-agdalo &on in s'irmishes &ith !paniards;-agdi&ang suffered losses
2guinaldo issued manifestos
establishment of provisional government as'ed people to fight and recognize the
overnment of the Revolution
2guinaldo and -agdalo Council &anted leadership
of revolution
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he e3eros Conventioncalled to settle rivalry bet&een t&o councils
-agdalo &anted to replace === &ith a ne&government; -adi&ang &anted to retain ===
-arch >>, $/1H, leaders at e3eros decided toreplace === 2guinaldo &as elected president in absentia;
5onifacio &as elected !ecretary of Interior
aniel irona (uestioned 5onifacio4s election )utraged, 5onifacio annulled all that have been
approved
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he :aic -ilitary 2greement5onifacio and his men dre& up another
document establishing Ba governmentindependent of, and separate from that of
e3erosan army &as also organized
document meant a split in the ran's of the
revolutionists
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he rial and "xecution of 5onifacio5onifacio and his brothers &ere arrested upon
order of "milio 2guinaldo Council of 9ar found them guilty of treason and
sedition in spite of insufficient evidence they &ere executed in -t. ala on -ay $%,
$/1H
2guinaldo assumed the sole leadership of therevolution
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Compromise 4ith the Spaniar&s
Pact of 5ia'*na*5ato-iddle of -ay $/1H, Cavite &as reta'en by
!paniards; 2guinaldo established himself and
his forces at 5ia'*na*5ato; he then established5ia'*na*5ato Republic
2guinaldo issued a proclamation in &hich helisted revolutionary demands representation in !panish Cortes, expulsion of
friars and return of lands to Filipinos
abandonment of === aims under 5onifacio
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In 2ugust, Pedro Paterno offered his services
as mediator; the result &as the Pact of 5ia'*na*5ato voluntary exile abroad of 2guinaldo and his men in
return for the sum of P/%%,%%% to be paid in three
installments P%%,%%% upon his departure from 5ia'*na*5ato
P>%%,%%% &hen arms surrendered reached H%%
P>%%,%%% &hen e eum &as sung and generalamnesty proclaimed
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Results of the Pact
2guinaldo and his men &ent for ong'ong; hisgenerals left behind at 5ia'*na*5ato surrenderedthe arms
departure of 2guinaldo did not end the struggle
en. Francisco -a'abulos of arlac established aprovisional government
revolutionary forces continued to fight in manyprovinces
the Pact of 5ia'*na*5ato ended the First Phase ofthe Philippine Revolution
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evol'tion in the 5isayas
Revolutions in the @isayasRevloution in 2'lan
Candido Iban and Francisco del Castillo headedthe revolution
Revolution in Capiz "steban Contreras led the revolution; they
engaged in guerilla type of &arfare
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Revolution in Iloilo
general uprising too' place on )ctober >/, $/1/led by en. -artin elgado they defeated the !paniards and established the
Revolutionary overnment of the @isayas &hich&as inaugurated on :ovember $H, $/1/ at !ta.5arbara
in this occasion, Philippine Flag &as raised for thefirst time in the province
Revolution in 2nti(ue Revolution &as headed by en. Leandro Fullon
they too' over !an
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Revolution in :egros )ccidental babaylanes led by ionisio -agbuelas 'no&n as
Papa Isio harassed !panish forces 2niceto Lacson and
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%merican nvolvement in the Philippine evol'tion
2merican Interest in the Philippines expansionist interest+ military expansion
heodore Roosevelt &anted a &ar bet&een #! and !pain
outlets for 2merican capital and ne& sources of ra&
materials!panish*2merican 9ar
#! supported Cuba in its &ar against !pain
#! battleship -aine exploded in avana arbor; #!
declared &as against !pain on 2pril >?, $/1/5attle of -anila 5ay
e&ey and his fleet said to -anila; -ay $, $/1/ theydefeated !panish fleet
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2guinaldo and the 2merican Consuls
In !ingapore Consul ". !pencer Pratt persuaded 2guinaldo to side
&ith the 2mericans against !pain; #! &ould not ta'epossession of the Philippines
Pratt arranged 2guinaldo4s return to ong'ong
In ong'ong Consul Rounseville 9ildman facilitated 2guinaldo4s
return to the Philippines
2guinaldo gave 9ildman P$$H,%%% to purchase arms
and ammunitions 9ildman delivered only P?%,%%% &orth of arms and
ammunitions
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2guinaldo4s Return to the Philippines reached Cavite on -ay $1, $/1/
issued proclamations &hich called the people to
3oin the revolution again his proclamations indicated that he &as
reassuming the leadership of the revolution
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-oc' 5attle of -anila
2merican troops began arriving in
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The /alolos ep'"lic
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Developments )ea&in0 to the
sta"lishment of the /alolos ep'"lic
"stablishment of ictatorial overnmentupon his return to the Philippines, 2guinaldo
established the ictatorial overnment on-ay >,$/1/
eclaration of Philippine Independence
2guinaldo declared Philippine Independenceon , $/1/ in =a&it, Cavite
Philippine Flag &as raised for the first time
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Reorganization of Local overnmentson
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-alolos Congress 2guinaldo summoned the Revolutionary
Congress to assemble at 5arasoain Church
members &ere the illustrados
convened and elected its officers
ratified the declaration of independenceproclaimed at =a&it and proposed to draft aconstitution
on )ctober /, $/1/, a committee headed byFelipe Calderon presented the draft
on $, $/1/, 2guinaldo promulgatedthe -alolos Constitution
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-alolos Republicon E, $/11, the Philippine Republic
&as inaugurated at 5arasoain Church &ith 2guinaldo as President
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/alolos Constit'tion
Provisionsgovernment+ popular, representative and
responsible; &ith E branches 7executive,
legislative and 3udicial8 legislative+ 2ssembly of Representatives
7elected delegates8
separation of the church and the state 3udicial+ !upreme Court
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#ni(ue Features legislative omnipotence
Permanent Commission K legislative body&hen 2ssembly &as not in session
unicameral legislature
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Filipino-%merican 3ostilities
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Developments )ea&in0 to 3ostilities
2rrival of 2merican roops
reinforcements came even after 5attle of-anila 5ay
before reinforcements came+ 2mericansmaintained friendly relations &ith Filipinos anddue respect to 2guinaldo
after+ 2mericans ignored 2guinaldo 2mericans used Filipino troops to fight against
the !paniards
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2merican insistence on the evacuation ofFilipino troops from strategic points along-anila 5ay area.summer $/1/+ en. Luna4s troops had dug $
miles of trenches around -anila
Filipino rebels put -anila under siegeelse&here Filipino troops &ere victorious; by
end of
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!ecret*2greement bet&een the 2mericans
and !paniards 7-oc' 5attle8moc' battle+ !paniards &ould surrender
phony battle happened in 2ugust $E, $/1/
Refusal of 2mericans to allo& Filipinotroops to enter -anila after moc' battle
part of conditions set by ov.
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2merican limitation of areas to be
occupied by Filipino troops after moc'battledesignated areas to be occupied+ outside
-anila
reaty of Parisended !panish*2merican 9ar
!pain ceded Philippines to #! 7>%,%%%,%%%8
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-c=inley4s 5enevolent 2ssimilationProclamation
ecember >$, $/1/ formal indication of 2merican intention to annex
Philippines
!an
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%merican /ilitary Campai0ns
2mericans too' control of to&ns north and southof -anila
forcing 2guinaldo to evacuate from -alolos to
:ueva "ci3a to :ueva @icaya
2mericans defeated Filipino troops in many
encountershad superior military &eapons, strategies and
disciplined army
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:egros &elcomed 2merican occupation &henhostilities bro'e out
February >>, $/11, Cebu revolutionariessurrendered to 2mericans
2nti(ue &as occupied in $1%%
in $1%$, many revolutionary leaders in Iloilosurrendered to 2mericans after Iloilo Fiasco
and / months of fighting
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2mericans pursued 2guinaldo!eptember 0, $1%%, en. regorio del Pilar
defended irad Pass to delay 2merican
pursuit 2guinaldo &as captured in -arch $1%$ by
Col. Frederic' Funston &ith the help of some-acabebe scouts and t&o former officers of
Filipino army
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Filipinos &ere defeated by 2mericans inmany encounters troops &ere poorly armed, trained, fed and
had little discipline internal strife beset their ran's 7assassination
of en. 2ntonio Luna by =a&it Company on
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*D