Formation of Formation of Western EuropeWestern EuropeFormation of Formation of

Western EuropeWestern Europe

Chapter 14Chapter 14

I. Crusades

• Palestine – Holy land where Jesus lived and taught

• European Christians made regular pilgrimages to Palestine

• 1000s – Islamic Turks took over the holy land and Christians were no longer allowed to visit

A. Call for War• 1095 – Pope Urban II called for a war

to take back the holy land from the Muslims

• Crusades – Holy war to retake Palestine

• Urban II claimed anyone killed fighting in the Crusades would go straight to heaven

Holy War

B. Myths About Islam•Believed that Muslims

worshiped many gods•Believed that Muslims eat

babies•Believed the Muslims

worshiped idols

C. First Crusade (1096-1099)• Nobles stopped fighting each other and

joined the Crusades• Widespread excitement for the 1st

Crusade• 1st Crusade was the only successful one

for the Christians• Were able to recapture Jerusalem and

establish the Crusader States

D. 2nd Crusade

•Christian armies suffered humiliating defeats

•Gained nothing and were forced to retreat

E. 3rd Crusade

• Richard the Lion-Hearted – English King who led the 3rd Crusade

• Muslims regained Jerusalem but allowed unarmed Christians to freely visit the holy land

F. Other Crusades

• 5 more unsuccessful crusades were attempted

• Children’s Crusade – 30,000 unarmed children went to the holy land

• Believe that God would lead them to victory

• Most were killed or sold into slavery

G. Spanish Crusade

• Moors – Muslims who controlled most of Spain until the 1100s

• Reconquista – Effort by Spain to drive the Moors out of the country

• 1492 – Spain ends the Moor’s rule under the leadership of Ferdinand and Isabella

Charles Martel’s Victory in the Battle of Tours

• Spain is unified as a Christian nation

• Inquisition – Church court that tried people for heresy

• People charged of heresy were either tortured or burnt at the stake

Spanish Inquisition

H. Effect of the Crusades

• 1) Lessened the Pope’s power• 2) Lessened the power of the feudal

nobility • 3) Created bitterness between

Christians and Muslims that continues today

• 4) Increased the persecution of Jews