Formato plano 9th week4_rela_pronassubjects

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Área: English Asignatura: English Curso: 9th

Fecha: 11 al 17-02 Periodo: I Nº Hor: 12hr Semana: 4

Tema: Relative pronouns and clauses.

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Students will be able to identify the relative pronouns to form relative clauses

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Exploración Relative pronouns

Contextualización


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Conceptualización

Relative clauses

Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who*, that, which, whose, where, when. They are most often used to define or identify the noun that precedes them. Here are some examples:

Do you know the girl who started in grade 7 last week? Can I have the pencil that I gave you this morning? A notebook is a computer which can be carried around. I won't eat in a restaurant whose cooks smoke. I want to live in a place where there is lots to do. Yesterday was a day when everything went wrong!

* There is a relative pronoun whom, which can be used as the object of the relative clause. For example: My science teacher is a person whom I like very much. To many people the word whomnows sounds old-fashioned, and it is rarely used in spoken English.

Relative pronouns are associated as follows with their preceding noun:

Preceding noun Relative pronoun Examplesa person who(m)/that, whose - Do you know the girl who ..

- He was a man that ..

http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/relative.htm



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- An orphan is a child whose parents ..

a thing which/that, whose - Do you have a computer which ..- The oak a tree that ..- This is a book whose author ..

Note 1: The relative pronoun whose is used in place of the possessive pronoun. It must be followed by a noun. Example: There's a boy in grade 8 whose father is a professional tennis player. (There's a boy in grade 8. His father is a professional tennis player.)

Note 2: The relative pronouns where and when are used with place and time nouns. Examples:FIS is a school where children from more than 50 countries are educated. 2001 was the year when terrorists attacked the Twin Towers in New York.

Some relative clauses are not used to define or identify the preceding noun but to give extra information about it. Here are some examples:

My ESL teacher, who came to Germany in 1986, likes to ride his mountain bike. The heavy rain, which was unusual for the time of year, destroyed most of the plants in

my garden. Einstein, who was born in Germany, is famous for his theory of relativity. The boy, whose parents both work as teachers at the school, started a fire in the

classroom. My mother's company, which makes mobile phones, is moving soon from Frankfurt to

London. In the summer I'm going to visit Italy, where my brother lives.

Note 1: Relative clauses which give extra information, as in the example sentences above, mustbe separated off by commas.

Note 2: The relative pronoun that cannot be used to introduce an extra-information (non-defining) clause about a person. Wrong: Neil Armstrong, that was born in 1930, was the first man to stand on the moon. Correct: Neil Armstrong, who was born in 1930, was the first man to stand on the moon.

There are two common occasions, particularly in spoken English, when the relative pronoun is omitted:

1. When the pronoun is the object of the relative clause. In the following sentences the pronoun that can be left out is enclosed in (brackets):

Do you know the girl (who/m) he's talking to? Where's the pencil (which) I gave you yesterday? I haven't read any of the books (that) I got for Christmas. I didn't like that girl (that) you brought to the party.




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Did you find the money (which) you lost?

Note: You cannot omit the relative pronoun a.) if it starts a non-defining relative clause, or, b.) if it is the subject of a defining relative clause. For example, who is necessary in the following sentence: What's the name of the girl who won the tennis tournament?

2. When the relative clause contains a present or past participle and the auxiliary verb to be. In such cases both relative pronoun and auxiliary can be left out:

Who's that man (who is) standing by the gate? The family (that is) living in the next house comes from Slovenia. She was wearing a dress (which was) covered in blue flowers. Most of the parents (who were) invited to the conference did not come. Anyone (that is) caught writing on the walls will be expelled from school.

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Producción

Relative Pronouns

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that it modifies. Here is an example:

The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.

In the above example, "who":

relates to "person", which it modifies introduces the relative clause "who phoned me last night"

There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that*

Who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people. Whose is for possession. Which is for things. In non-defining relative clauses, that is used for things. In defining relative clauses (clauses that are essential to the sentence and do not simply add extra information) that can be used for things and people**.

Relative pronouns can refer to singular or plural, and there is no difference between male and female.

Look at these examples showing defining and non-defining relative clauses:

example sentencesS=subject, O=object, P=possessive

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defining relative clauses

S - The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.- The person that phoned me last night is my teacher.

That is preferable

- The car which hit me was yellow.- The car that hit me was yellow.

That is preferable

O - The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher.- The people who I phoned last night are my teachers.- The person that I phoned last night is my teacher.- The person I phoned last night is my teacher.

Whom is correct but formal. The relative pronoun is optional.

- The car which I drive is old.- The car that I drive is old.- The car I drive is old.

That is preferable to which. The relative pronoun is optional.

P - The student whose phone just rang should stand up.- Students whose parents are wealthy pay extra.

- The police are looking for the carwhose driver was masked.- The police are looking for the car of which the driver was masked.

Whose can be used with things. Of which is also possible.

non-defining relative clauses

S - Mrs Pratt, who is very kind, is my teacher.

- The car, which was a taxi, exploded.- The cars, which were taxis, exploded.

O - Mrs Pratt, whom I like very much, is my teacher.- Mrs Pratt, who I like very much, is my teacher.

Whom is correct but formal. Who is common in spoken English and informal written English.

- The car, which I was driving at the

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/pronouns-relative.htm


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time, suddenly caught fire.

P - My brother, whose phone you just heard, is a doctor.

- The car, whose driver jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.- The car, the driver of whichjumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed.

Whose can be used with things. Of which is also possible.

*Not all grammar sources count "that" as a relative pronoun.**Some people claim that even in defining relative clauses we cannot use "that" for people but must use "who/whom". There is no good reason for such a claim; there is a long history of "that" for people in defining relative clauses from Chaucer, Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of The Bible toFowler's and Churchill.

Modelación

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Taller

Chose the correct relative pronoun-:Q2. A hammer is a tool ..... is used to knock nails into wood.

that

who

whom

whose

Q3. The shop ..... we usually buy our bread has closed down.that

where

who

whose

Q4. The boy ..... dog was hit by a car has not been to school for 3 days,that


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which

who

whose

Q5. My friend, ..... doesn't have a cell phone, suddenly knocked on the door last night.

that

which

who

whose

Q6. Can you please return the calculator ..... you borrowed yesterday?that

who

whom

whose

Q7. The horse ..... was hit by the car was only slightly hurt.what

which

who

whom

Q8. An orphanage is a place ..... children who have no parents can live and be looked after.

that

who

which

where


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Q9. I didn't realize I had forgotten my passport until I reached the airport, ..... was very annoying.

that

what

which

where

Q10. The students ..... test grades were low had to come back after school for an extra lesson.

that

who

which

Whose

Bibliografía

I. Understanding and using grammar (1999). Third edition. Betty Schrampfer Azar.

II. The big picture (2011). Santillana Education. S.L Richmond Publishing.

III. Top Notch (2011). Second Edition, Student book. Pearson Education, Inc.

Documents

Formato plano 9th week4_rela_pronassubjects