1876-6102 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ATI 2014doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.111

Energy Procedia 81 ( 2015 ) 1013 – 1029

ScienceDirect

aUniversity of Perugia, Dpt. of Industrial Engineering Via G. Duranti 67 – 06125, Perugia, Italy bGuglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44 - 00193, Rome, Italy

(Society of Automotive Engineers)

AB, A

Parma- Italy

Keywords CFD

Email address:

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ATI 2014

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2.1 The wind tunnel of the University of Perugia

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VDSC R

D

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0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Wind Speed Aerodynamic Drag

Time [s]

WindSpeed[m

/s]

Aerodyna

micDrag

[kg]

drag coefficient (CD). CD. CD

CD

k- SST

k-

k, k shear stress transport SST

k-

K-Epsilon K-Omega

control volume CV

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3.1. Boundary layer and mesh definition

dimensionless wall distance y+

y+

y u*

y+

common ratiocontrol volume

CCM+ Advanced Layer Mesh

yku

u

uyy

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vs

drag coefficient CD

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RB11.1_A RB11.1_B

5.1. General characteristics

RB11.1_A ARB11.1_B B

Bfront wing excess surface of the headrest, rear extractors

rear hoodA b

B

common ratio

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5.2. Results and comparative analysis

surface X

VenturiB A.

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Arear hood underbody

B

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5.3. Analysis of the aerodynamic forces and weight distribution

A B;

A B down-forcesB,

A, A B, improvement

iA

iA

iB

FFFI

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ith A BB

A

B nose

A B

B

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