Forudsætninger for brugen af den tilgængelige information

Forudsætninger for brugen af den tilgængelige information

Informationen, der ligger til grund for denne præsentation, er udgivet til fri afbenyttelse i forbindelse med videnformidling om dansk frøarbejde. Eneste betingelse er, at der bliver refereret til Danseed.

Ligeledes må de mange billeder benyttes til videnformidling, forudsat at de bliver krediteret til angivne ophavsmænd eller til Danseed hvis ingen anden kilde er angivet.

Med venlig hilsen

Danseed – Center for Frøvidenskab

Indholdsfortegnelse

Kort introduktion (THO) Korn (JRJ) Markfrø (BIO) Havefrø (BIO) Træfrø (MJ) Roefrø (HC) Organisering (THO) Uddannelse (CHOL) Frøkontrol (ULBM) Sameksistens (BIO) Nordisk Genbank (CA) Udviklingslande (OSL) Teknologi (BIO) Danske aktører (SVTN)

Introduktion

Thomas HolstDansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen

Under udarbejdelse

Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet

Korn

Johannes Ravn JørgensenAarhus Universitet

Cerealienetværket http://www.cernet.dk/

Hvede anvendelse - global Hvede er primært

anvendt til human ernæring

Hvede kvalitet Udbytte Forarbejdningsegnethed ensartethed, farve,

udseende, kemisk sammensætning

Human ernæringIndustriel anvendelseFoderUdsæd

Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Rug anvendelse - global Rug er som brødkorn kun overgået

af hvede i betydning, og det vigtigste brødkorn i Skandinavien og Østeuropa

Uden for Europa er rug hovedsageligt brugt til fodder

En lille del anvendes til destillering



Byg anvendelse - global Den primære udnyttelse af byg er til:

foder for husdyr, især svin til maltning og brygning ved

fremstilling af øl og ved destillation til whisky

Til human ernæring



Havre anvendelse - global En lille del af havre-

produktionen formales til produkter der indgår i den humane diæt: havremel til grød og

havrekager valset havre til grød,mel,

babymad og til fremstilling af morgemadsprodukter

Hovedparten anvendes dog til foder, traditionelt heste.



Produktion og anvendelse af korn i Danmark

Vinterhvede55.2%

Rug1.5%

Vårhvede0.4%

Triticale1.8%

Vårbyg27.5%

Vinterbyg10.4%

Havre og blandsæd

3.2%


Anvendelse af korn i Danmark

Foder (88,5%)

Mel, gryn mv. (4,2%)

Industri (malt), (3,9%)

Udsæd (3,4%)


Kvalitetsanalyser i korn

Maltbyg Spireenergi Protein Fusarium Kernestørrelse

Foder Energi Stivelse Protein Mykotoxiner

Brødhvede Meludbytte Protein/gluten Faldtal Mykotoxiner


Kornkvalitet

Kemiske egenskaber Kemiske indholdsstoffer Uønskede sporstoffer Proces kvalitet

Fysiske egenskaber Sundhed Renhed Skader Vitalitet


Kornkvalitet fysiske og kemiske egenskaber

Kvalitet

Fysiske egenskaber

Kemiske egenskaber

Sundhed Renhed

Tilstand Skader

Protein

UrenhederUønskede sporstoffer

Fremmed-legemer

Frø af andre arter

Myko-toxinerVarme skade

Spiring

Insekt-skader Pesticider

UkendteSorts-renhed

Mider / skadedyr

Ekskre-menter

Stivelse

Olie

Fiber

Misfarvning

Umodent korn

Knækkede kerner

Rumvægt

Farve

Kerne-størrelse

Meldrøjer

Vand-indhold Mineraler

Aminosyrer

Gluten

Vand


Markfrø

Birte BoeltAarhus Universitet

Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst http://www.froevaekst.dk/

Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland http://www.seedland.dk/

Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Under udarbejdelse

Havefrø


Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst http://www.froevaekst.dk/

Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland http://www.seedland.dk/

Grass seed production area

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Ac

res

Oregon Canada New Zealand EU-25 Denmark

The Danish Seed Council


Production area EU-25



Species in production in Denmark

Main speciesPerennial ryegrassRed fescueKentucky bluegrass

OthersTall Fescue Cocksfoot Italian ryegrassHybrid ryegrassMeadow FescueTimothyBentgrass


Danish production area

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

90.000

100.000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Ac

res

Per ryegrass Ital ryegrass Cocksfoot Red fescue Tall Fescue Kent bluegrass



Restrictions on pesticide use Tax on pesticides Restrictions on a national level

No specific restrictions at farm level

Registered pesticides Many pesticides are not registered anymore Few new products Off label use


Registered pesticides

Many pesticides are not registered anymore

Few new products Off label use


Restrictions on nitrogen use

Crop standard 10-15% below economic optimal rate

Total amount of Nitrogen per farm per year

Nitrogen budgets


EstablishmentLight and space especially for slow growing species


Flowering

6 tillers

2-4 leaves

Control 25 50 100 200 g/ha

Screening of Pesticides

Solvejg K. Mathiassen, DJF, Flakkebjerg

Spinach seed production- more than 70% of world production


Vegetable and flower seed


Seed tecnology

Image analysis


Træfrø

Martin JensenAarhus Universitet

Under udarbejdelse

Martin Jensen, Aarhus Universitet

Roefrø

??

Under udarbejdelse

?, ?

Organisering af markfrøbranchen

Thomas HolstDansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen

Aktører i den danske frøbranche

4.000 frøavlere Markfrøfirmaer m. kontraktavl

2 danske 1 hollandsk

Dansk Planteforædling A/S Dansk Landbrug (Frøsektionen) Forskning og forsøg

Forskningsprogram frøavl AU DJF, Frøafgiftsfonden, DFFE innovationsloven

Projekter finansieret direkte af Frøafgiftsfonden Dansk Landbrugsrådgivning, Landscentret AU DJF KU LIFE


Uddannelse

Christian OlsenSelandia, CEU

The Danish education system

http://www.studyindenmark.dk

Primary and lower secondary school

**) After schoolstart 7 years old.

**)

Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse

Vocationel training(Erhvervsuddannelser)Vocationel training(Erhvervsuddannelser)

Diploma programmes(Kort videregående

uddannelser)

Diploma programmes(Kort videregående

uddannelser)

Higher educations(Universitetsuddannelser)

Higher educations(Universitetsuddannelser)

•Jordbrugsmaskinfører•Faglært landmand•Jordbrugsassistent

Futher educations•Grønt bevis•Grønt diplom•Agrarøkonom•AMU-kurser

AP graduate inAgricultural Science(Jordbrugsteknolog – landbrug)

BSc in natural resources(Naturressourcer)

MSc in Agricultural Science (Agronom)

PhD

Upper secundary education

(Gymnasium)

Upper secundary education

(Gymnasium)

Links: http://www.ug.dk/Internationalt.aspx / http://www.studyindenmark.dk/

Education in Agriculture

Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse

Frøkontrol

Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen Plantedirektoratet

E. Møller-Holst

Seed testing since 1871

Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet

www.danseed.dk/training

Training


Expert assistance


Percent authorized sampling and analysis

Authorisation


Sameksistens


Sameksistens / Coexistence

Denmark first EU country to make rules on coexistence between genetically modified,

conventional and organic crops


The Danish model

Coexistence Three groups appointed

The expert group (scientific analysis) The legal group (liability) The contact group (stakeholders)

Scientific report

Discussions


"Act on the Growing etc. of Genetically Modified Crops"

Danish Act No. 436 of 9 June 2004 http://www.fvm.dk/fvm_uk

Ministerial order 31 March, 2005 Revision ? March 2008

- applies to commercial growing, handling, sale and transport of genetically modified crops as far as the first buyer


The Act implies rules for

Control measures isolation distance, cropping intervals,

cleaning of farm equipment, handling and storage facilities

Education and certification Information / communication Liability and compensation


Nordic Gene Bank

Christian AndreasenKøbenhavns Universitet

A presentationA presentation……Utilizing Gene Banks today;Utilizing Gene Banks today; - Key words: Focus & Diversification - Key words: Focus & Diversification

Nordic Gene Bank

Nordic Gene Bank

Who we are… Material Documentation International collaboration Utilization

Global Seed Vault - Svalbard

What we do…

Collect, Secure - and Use

Conserve and document genetic variationin Nordic material from plant speciesuseful for agriculture and horticulture.

Make genetic resourcesand allied information availablefor plant breeding, researchand any other bona fide use.

Nordic Gene Bank

Nordic Gene BankWhat we do... - Mandate

The Nordic Gene Bank (NGB), an institution which

Reports to the Nordic Council of Ministers Is a centre for the conservation and utilization of plant genetic

resources in the Nordic countries Has mandate to conserve and document the genetic variation in

Nordic material from plant species useful for agriculture and horticulture

Is to make stored material available for plant breeding, research and any other bona fide use

Is to foster rational co-operation between the Nordic countries in their efforts to use plant genetic resources for plant breeding and plant breeding research

Is to participate in international co-operation in the conservation and use of plant genetic resources.

Nordic Gene Bank

Activities focused on

Contribute to a sustainable use of plant genetic resources

Conservation and documentation of Plant genetic resources from or of relevance for the Nordic Region - cultivated species

Knowledge transfer by participating in research and education in the Nordic Countries and elsewhere

NGB surveys international trends scientifically and politically aiming at influencing the international agenda and to advice National authorities on matters concerning Plant Genetic Resources

Nordic Gene Bank

How we are… organized - structure

NB: Reorganization undergoing:

From 1st Jan. 2008: NORDGEN Will include:

Nordic Gene Bank Nordic Gene Bank Farm Animals Nordic Forestry Seed and Plant Counsel

Mandate: Biodiversity – genetic resources

Nordic Gene Bank

How we are… organized - structure “Internal”: Staff - 25 persons 4 Departments

Seed Store

Biology Department,(Agriculture & Horticulture)incl. molecular and in vitro Lab

IT- and Documentation Unit

Administrative Team

Work ing Groups

N O R D I C G E N E B A N K , 1997

Cereals

Fruit and Berries

Potatoes

Forage Crops

Vegetables

Root Crops , Oil P lants and P ulses

Nordic Gene BankHow we are… organized - structure

“External”:

Working Groups- with external experts representing scientific community,plant breeders and other relevant partners for the Gene Bank

Cereals

Fruit and Berries

Potatoes (ad hoc)

Forage Crops

Vegetables

Oil Plants (ad hoc)

Spicers and medicinal plants (project group)

Nordic Gene Bank

Based on the principlethat gene banking should be:

Inexpensive and durable

Basically available for any national and regional program at reasonable cost

Not require: much advanced planning in terms of a large storage facility huge initial investments to get started.

Nordic Gene Bank Partners:

Working Groups!!!! National programs!!!! Other gene banks Universities & research institutions Scientific projects Breeding companies Government departments and authorities Museums Botanic gardens & parks Schools & education centers Hobby growers / Associations ”NGO’s” - networks etc.

Nordic Gene Bank

Conservation Ex situ (off-site conservation)

seed gene bank field gene bank in vitro Cryo-preservation

In situ (on-site conservation) on farm protected natural habitats / wild parks wild habitat

Nordic Gene BankEx situseed bank

Active Collection (Alnarp, Sweden) Distribution, characterisation, multiplication,

germination tests

Base Collection (Årslev, Denmark) Long term storage, rejuvenation

Safety Collection (Svalbard, Norway) Duplication of base collection samples

Nordic Gene Bank Material

Primary collections: Cereals 17532 Forage 5067 Fruits & berries 153 Potato 557 Oil crops 1554 Vegetables 6446 Industrial crops 156 Landscape 14 Forest trees 16 Spices and

medicinal plants(in process) app. 300

Special collections: Lundquist mutant collection 9760 MacKey NIL-collection(in process) 400 Other special cereal collections 1321 New special collections

(in process) app. 5000

MIT – future/soon? Varieties? - Hybrid parents? - GMO’s? - Research material?

Nordic Gene BankInternational activities Expert consultation, development of regional PGR programs

SIDA based programs: SADC - since 1989 Baltic region Eastern Africa – EAPGREN, since 2006 Balkan region – SEEDNet, since 2004 CAC, from 2007

IT +: GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility TDWG – Biodiversity Information Standards ECPGR, EPGRIS3, EURISCO BioCASE - Biological Collection Access Service for Europe GCP – Generation Challenge Program , on behalf of Bioversity Crop Wild Relatives – Global Portal, on behalf of Bioversity ABCD 2.06 - Access to Biological Collection Data (Berlin Botanical Garden) ALIS - Global Accession Level Information System (in process), together with Bioversity

Safety Storage: Svalbard Global Seed Vault

(Seed distributions, international, conferences, workshops, seminars)

Udviklingslande

Ole Søgaard LundKøbenhavns Universitet

Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries

The centre works for reduction of poverty through improvement of seed qualityand seed technology in developing countries. Particularly, the centre has expertice in seed-borne pathogens.The centre is part of Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of LIFE Sciences, University of Copenhagen.

http://www.dshc.life.ku.dk/

Teknologi


Under udarbejdelse


Danske aktører

Svend Tveden-NyborgAarhus Universitet

Under udarbejdelse

Svend Tveden-Nyborg, Aarhus Universitet

Documents

Forudsætninger for brugen af den tilgængelige information