Unit IGC1

Management of

International health

and safety

Element 1

Foundations in health

and safety

Learning outcomes

1.1 Outline the scope and nature of occupational health

and safety

1.2 Explain briefly the moral, social and economic

reasons for promoting good standards of health and

safety

1.3 Outline the role of national governments and

international bodies in formulating a framework for the

regulation of health and safety

1.4 Identify the nature and key sources of health and safety

information

1.5 Outline the key elements of a health and safety

management system

1.1 The scope and nature of occupational health and safety

1.2 The moral, social and economic reasons for

maintaining and promoting health and safety

1.3 The role of national governments and international

bodies in formulating a framework for regulation of

health and safety

1.4 Sources of information on health and safety

1.5 The key elements of a health and safety management

system

Contents of element

1.1 The scope and nature of occupational health and safety

1.2 The moral, social and economic reasons for

maintaining and promoting health and safety

1.3 The role of national governments and international

bodies in formulating a framework for regulation of

health and safety

1.4 Sources of information on health and safety

1.5 The key elements of a health and safety management

system

Contents of element

Finance

Insurance

Health

Personnel

Production

Design

Purchase

Information technology (IT)

The multi-disciplinary nature of health and safety

Service

Quality and health

Safety and environment

Four primary issues

Technical

Procedural

Behavioural

Solutions for implementation

Health

A state of well being

Safety

Absence of danger of physical harm

Welfare

Facilities for workplace comfort

Environmental protection

A measure used to prevent harm to the environment of the world

Occupational accidents

An unplanned, uncontrolled event which led to, or could have led to loss

Dangerous occurrences

An accident not resulting in personal injury reportable to the national competent authority

Near-misses

An accident that results in no apparent loss

Work related ill-health (physiological and psychological)

Harm to a workers health caused by their work

Hazard

Something that has the potential to cause harm (loss)

Risk

The likelihood of a given loss occurring in defined circumstances

source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the workplace

environment or a combination of these OHSAS 18001:1999

combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous event occurring OHSAS 18001:1999

1.1 The scope and nature of occupational health and

safety

1.2 The moral, social and economic reasons for

maintaining and promoting health and safety

1.3 The role of national governments and international

bodies in formulating a framework for regulation of

health and safety

1.4 Sources of information on health and safety

1.5 The key elements of a health and safety management

system

Contents of element

Moral, social and economic reasons

General argument

Moral

Social

Economic

Size of the problem

Every day at least one person is killed and over 6,000 injured at work

2005 / 2006 HSE statistics:

212 workers were killed at work

Nearly 150,000 other injuries reported under RIDDOR

About 30,000,000 days lost due to work related ill health and injury

54% of all fatal injuries are as a result of falls from height, being struck by a vehicle and falling objects

38% of all major injuries involve slipping and tripping

Health and safety requirements

Common law obligates the employer to take reasonable care of those that might foreseeably be affected by its

acts or omissions

Extends to employees and to others e.g. visitors

Neighbour principle

Employers duty in criminal law is established in HASAWA 1974 in the UK

so far as is reasonably practicable

A safe place of work

Safe appliances and equipment

A safe system of work

Competent and safety conscious personnel

Health and safety requirements

A safe place of work

Safe appliances and equipment

A safe system of work

Competent and safety conscious personnel

Health and safety requirements

A safe place of work

Safe appliances and equipment

A safe system of work

Competent and safety conscious personnel

Health and safety requirements

A safe place of work

Safe appliances and equipment

A safe system of work

Competent and safety conscious personnel

Health and safety requirements

Direct costs

Lost time of injured worker

Damage

Medical or first aid costs

Time and materials

Insurance

Court costs

Fines

The business case for health and safety

Direct and indirect costs of accidents and ill-health

Indirect costs

Lost time by other workers

Lost time by supervisor or other managers

Interference with production

The business case for health and safety

Direct and indirect costs of accidents and ill-health

Uninsured costs between 8 and 36 times greater than costs of insurance premiums

Following Accident costs iceberg represents the ratio of insured to uninsured costs incurred by the main contractor

during the building of a supermarket

The business case for health and safety

Insured and uninsured costs

Costs incurred by the main contractor

during the building of a supermarketInsured costs

Employers liability

Public / Third party liability

Contractors all risks

Plant and building damage

Tool and equipment

Uninsured costs

Product and materials damage

Emergency supplies

Production delays

Overtime and temporary labour

Investigation time

Supervisors time diverted

11

Source: RMS Publishing

Enables organisations to meet the costs of compensation and legal fees

The business case for health and safety

Employers liability insurance

1.1 The scope and nature of occupational health and

safety

1.2 The moral, social and economic reasons for

maintaining and promoting health and safety

1.3 The role of national governments and international

bodies in formulating a framework for regulation of

health and safety

1.4 Sources of information on health and safety

1.5 The key elements of a health and safety management

system

Contents of element

Employers responsibilities

Workers responsibilities and rights

Role of enforcement agencies and consequences of non-compliance

International standards and conventions

Role of national governments and international bodies

Absolute and qualified requirements

Source: Corel Clipart

Absolute statutory requirements

Practicable requirements

Reasonably practicable requirements

1.1 The scope and nature of occupational health and

safety

1.2 The moral, social and economic reasons for

maintaining and promoting health and safety

1.3 The role of national governments and international

bodies in formulating a framework for regulation of

health and safety

1.4 Sources of information on health and safety

1.5 The key elements of a health and safety management

system

Contents of element

Foundations in health and safety

Accident / ill-health and absence data

Results of audits / inspections

Investigation reports

Maintenance records

Cost and other management performance data

Compliance data

Sources of information on health and safety

Internal to the organisation

Accident / injury incidence rates

Accident / injury frequency rates

Accident / injury severity rates

Mean duration rate

Duration rate

Absence data

Internal to the organisation

Accident / ill-health and absence data

Interviewing individuals

Examining information

Observation of physical conditions

Observation of work practices

Internal to the organisation

Results of audits / inspections

Manufacturers data

Legislation

Good practice and guidance

International

European

British

External to the organisation

IT Sources

Encyclopaedias

Professional bodies

Lawyers

Consultants

Training courses

International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA)

European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA)

Health and Safety Executive (HSE) (UK)

Worksafe (Western Australia)

Information provided by national and international agencies

1.1 The scope and nature of occupational health and

safety

1.2 The moral, social and economic reasons for

maintaining and promoting health and safety

1.3 The role of national governments and international

bodies in formulating a framework for regulation of

health and safety

1.4 Sources of information on health and safety

1.5 The key elements of a health and safety management

system

Contents of element

Setting policy

Organising

Planning and implementing

Evaluation

Auditing

Action for improvement

Key elements of a health & safety management system

Key elements

Source: ILO-OSH 2001, HSG65, HSE books

Key elements of a health & safety management system