%

FOUNDED IN 1939 MONTHLY ORGAN OF THE CONNOLLY ASSOCIATION

No. 396 JUNE 1977 Price I5p

FOR ASTONISHING

IN N C.C.L.

SOCIALIST Youth Councillor Dec-Ian Brae was selected at a conven-

tion in Sligo on Monday, May. 1«h to contest the Sllgo-Leltrim oonsti-tuencyas a Socialist Youth candi-date to the forthcoming General Election, v

Councillor Brae, aged 25 and nuprted-wtttoeoe oMW, H a native o f S H g o t e w n a n d was elected to both Sligo Corporation and 8flgo County CtiHSttll In thf loeal elec-tions of 1974, boing the youngest councillor elected in the country. Councillor Bree is also a member of the , fdtkfertngi Borough of 8ligo Vocational Education Committee, Co Siigo ¥ooatlomtt td«»tfcim Com-mittee, Co SUgo Mueftum Committee, County Sligo Adult Education Com-— j / a B ^ . Y t a j f t ^ i n t e ' priL Subcommittee, SBgo LecaI Health A ^ ^ lommfttae, Ortim-olifle a n * ^ f l t D r a l n a * Com-mittee and the College Council of thf Sligo Jfaigpnal Technical Col-

^ i i i i p i u o i l BREE is also tit*: sii ,

branch of . the Connolly . Youth Mlffftnwot tfhd U the »T9«*nt eaora-

U

CONSULTS NEW COUNCILLORS

A 'partnership' administration? NTIL then is some kind of administration- responsible to the local people, normal

political We cannot be established in the six counties. This is the conclusion being echoed by ever-wider sections

tfiroofctwut Ireiand.

irTHE nationalists in the six counties are part of. the '

majority of the Irish people. If partition is to remain for, the time being a right of veto guar-anteed by law is at least some protection for them, and is a~ roundabout recognition* .of their true status as the representa-tives of the majority of the Irish people in the artificial statelet

hile has been a costly shambles, and it is a pity it was ever imagined that Englishmen could do a better job in Ireland than^-even the worst Irishmen.

* TVfOW following the sweeping victories of the S.D.L.P.,

Gerry Pitt, leader of the party, ha& .taken the unusual step of consulting all the newty-elected councillors to see If there is any

' kind of consensus for 1 "part-nership" Government. • .. tt wilj; t&en tie put to the Westminster ^gj^tiax^ent that it should make gflM^^ piledges to

cracy p t ^ g ^ i x coqhjreB rts in-t r a n s i g p A j ] ^ ravaged.

Some a e ^ l ^ have objected to on the grounds .

that' it "institutionalises sectar-ianism." Yet i t miglbt J e bette;-if i^was "institutiopalteisd^tban -fefcjiWybe . m s ^ ^ ^ e r y -deri^g gimman. - ; ,

The btefek facts are. that the six^un^ej^^hould. not exist as

not g?t t>ut, a n d - ^ r e ? i s ^ o O n v ^ m p t itt -DuMiA strong .

. It, is widely believed that the Britjsh Government would like to wspond to Mr fttty initia-tive, but will .await the result of

twe«ty-six county elections. They will be n ^ e Hkely to move if there fee Pail

tfceSL for

'f t / : ' • •

ACCORDING to affidavits in " possession of the National Council for Civil Liberties, an Irish M m tax collector was interviewed a t his place of workby two police officers who toltf him join Sinn Fein and the Illegal I.R.A. and to act a s an infonper. TH|> alterna-tive was to be excluded from Eng-land wader the Prevention of Ter-

• | Mm*

A Hackney Council worker had a;j '"

h- •

I 4 P I t® *

W rni

V T^Mit LE

If things were to rights there wo county statelet. Bu^ run according to is a matter of ke to a m lum.

industrial action fov

on, is to*

' "'J,

li 11 niTSi istH

r

2 THE IR ISH DEMOCRAT June 1977

IN BRITAIN TODAY

Why the grass grows in factory yards

t r. V

r 1.

; {»> ; ^ r'«-: V «

it

^CN'CE Britain entered the EEC ^ there has been a considerable change of the political arena. Poli-tic , now covers areas not familiar to the people of Britain. Since its serious defeat at the 1975 Referen-dum, the left has been at sixes and sevens. Ultra-leftist :groups and cliques are a symptom of the con-fusion. Ultra-rightist gangs are a further sign of the misleading ideas and diversions that abound in Britain.

One of the major reasons for this contusion is that most people are still discussing politics as if the EEC was not there, or was just another "annoyance factor". The contusion arises because the country is badly at sea on the "national question." •

The future of Britain rests on an economic basis. In t h e EEC this economic base is being eroded and distorted for the sake of multi-national monopolies' interests at the expense of the national in-terests of the people of . Britain.

IN order for Unilever, ICI. ' Renault, Ford and Bosch to

succeed they must achieve complete dominance across states for their commodities. The monopolies must attain politically united territories with common money, oommon laws and, ultimately, a population speak-ing the same language.

The »plans to elect directly so-called "representatives" to a Euro-pean assembly, are 'part of the blue-print to unite the ordinary people in the EEC into the structure of a superstate. The objectives to have an economic and monetary union are no secret and form part of- the sameablueprint.

Although the nine faces on the TV set m a y b e smiling, in -practice what really goes-on is the jab in the fibs, tlie stab in the back, the crushing of the' foot and the kick in the shins. Britain is taken to a Supercourt because it uses a sub-sidy to porOtect jpig farmers from cheapupork imports fpom the EEC. Ireland unilaterally declares its own

BY JOHN BOYD

fisiung limits.<and~ is told that i t is illegal. Heads oure ctacked because of the different interests of the wine producers, of SFrance and Italy, i l f e s t GermanF-moans about subsidising the =8EC whilst doing very well ou t 'OfJfche set-up. T IKE a child's story from school,

J EEC circles were upset at the way Roy J©afctas*was treated a t the recent-Londonsianimit meeting. He was apparenttytaasot allowed to take part to all t* l« .meetings, ^©d not have microphone at the final press conference, and did not sit at the top dinner table. Callaghan is accused of acting more like the Prime Minister of Britain than the Chairman -of .ihecSSBC Council of Ministers. Aafcsytoptams <Of national interests arjllalivfilries.

Withto'ttKwscontext Britain is-to

decline. Whole industrial estates and areas now produce only grass instead of goods. Industrial cities like Manchester and Birmingham have changed no end from a decade ago because their factories have Shut^gates. Whole industries have virtually 'disappeared, or tare only a

i patch on ' what : they ustfd to be. These include motor cyfeles, air-craft, toOl^anakiEtg/ engineeiBtag, and ship-building. Building is nearly at a standstill. Other industries are for the chop because of the EEC and include fishing and agriculture.

BRITAIN'S trade with the whole . world is being distorted into a

one-way tide from the EEC. Goods are imported that were once manu-factured here—not five years ag|T. The Official forecast for unemplpy-ment holds out little hope for end-less numbers of families and dis-illusions many young people. In-flation of ^prices .«iibh »--oonsequent •.deflation ..Of anc<Hne<8Hd standard 'Of living oontinaes spp&ce. The ipsice of 3SEC membership mounts

I Oil %

C.A. lobbies for initiative ON. Thursday, 19th May, members

iof the Coimdlly Association • lobbied Members ;Of Parliament at Westminster, urging them to im-press on the Government the need for a fresh political initiative fol-lowing the failure >of Mr , Paisley's -Shutedown attempt on six county • industry.

The following statement was issued by the Association^ and' Mem-bers of Parliament -who .were par-ticularly interested were Mr A. W.

Stallard, Mr Stan Newens and Mr Clinton Da vies-:

The statement ran:

r p H E collapse of the

; A:BQUT sixty people attended a conference caHed by ' t h e

for all" Campaign, VaMKT M l 1 4 \ -Vw

a delegate con-irmiir-iwnt*nr ' « n » Jtey Trade

Ob ,M»s0l(rtfarm ,we« Mr Jack Ai i i i l l l , Secretary to^tfrMr tion, a m M r JNtoOttr'-tteay Who spoke foe the Northerii Ireland La-bour Party.

Speeches by 44r AMD Morrissey of VaemjOMJO., a n d i i ^ M r Cbarles C u m r i f ham <ot the OooMHy -Asso-ciation received ooniWwrablc <ap-plmnr

understand the

Paisleyite "strike" is in our opinion an

important turning point in the his-tory of the conflict proceeding in Northern Ireland. This conflict is essentially between those who be-lieve that majorities and minorities in Ireland should be based on a poll of the Whole country, and those "who wish to-exclude the all-Ir&and majority from a say in the jffiairs of • the -north-eastern area T i e <abn Of Mr Paisley's -stoppage was to compel H.M. Government to take punitive action against those who held the -fonner view, who were gratuitously identified with the "provisional I.R.A.", .and his proposals -were in effect to recruit

..«fcA,":*jr eav-tenooetBt people

ite s t t ^ . *;<!*®wrn-ittng ;.'>% ?his

as

volt shows that the effectiveness of this intimidation is reduced, though nobody should underestimate the intimidatory powers of the official Unionists for the ©ra»ge Order. The position translated t-rougffly dnto English terms wouli be t h a t ' t he National Front had been decisively rejected, without equally discredit-ing the extoeme- -tfight ;wing of the Tory Party.

TN these conditibhs those who pos-' sess the'-power to attempt in-

timidation will, hesitate to use it, and it is therefore" .to he hoped tha t the Government will heed. Mr* Bitt's call for a ' new political initiative. There is n o <dotibt' tb»t ' v violence is favoured by- f fae > Aseqee *f t he normal c h » » a ^ » f lWattoal agi ta-tion and i ptsseare,, .

There is jB6fl#e*fer evidence tha t some of the "provisional MtiA:" are beginning to-realise the sterility of the polls? g t i H H p p f t ! ^ ^ tor• the .iyifc'tjtllf *||WiW/ vided the nengr d^pi^ttire takes into account. < l ^ | I ^ M w i | S l » ' » a r t t o n of the that is so to speak .locked up in Northern Ireland, they might be prepared to\ 4li0l' r * ceastfcflre . in

M U S M

six counties, -and -which . would be hottodi to reproduce the evil features

It is toapwIM*to'note t h a t the -•.mm**

con-iOf the

atati€)ub-sup-

un-

ont jOther SMid-

uch

TQ»«re m n < f mnaUt -.awat .aatis-

By

S i i . mm B&iJ.

RHi* « • >

mm H p

order to see what the new arrange-ment brings.

It is doubtful whether proposals based on local Government re-organisation would effect this pur-pose, ami there is little doubt that anything tending or appearing to tend in the direction of Mr Enoch Powell's proposals for "total inte-gration" would be received with extreme .suspicion. ^ Possibly "how-ever there are now Unionists who would no danger rhoid out v against some form of :power Sharingv^execu-tive. ••<-•• Tflir

We urge that steps shotJd be taken to consult with representa-tives-ofvarious currents of Optoton, especiaflly the JTrade Union^saove-ment and also with civil rtghte^and r«publiean -bodies, .to discover if there-would now be ^ny consensus possible. We would ujge that oon-sultations should proceed im-mediately, brat that the Government should - not be hasty to action.

-Members of the Connolly ^Asso-ciation Executive -Council will be willing - to meet any Members of Parliament who would be interested in receiving more information' in clartflcttBcn of the above.

sition to the Common Matiet as well as the cotour question, then beware.

Fortunately there are signs tha t some people are beginning to wake up to the danger ana it ts to 'be hpped more do so. Meanwhile no Irishman must even touch racial-ism in any - town.

1' i " . • •» ">

DOCS IT AGAIN T AST -.month w e r r e p o r t ^ hpw 1 J Dennis »mith -o fBia r tee had

raised with his trade union CUX».AjnT.) . a i e e d tor am^nres-tigation tote tn i i« | i i f t» measures on the oil rig cons traction sites, tollowiag son the ideMU oof young Alan Sheridan 1kh» OMmty Mayo. ' 'Vv'- - ^

•His OXA.T.T. branch passed three resolutions a t o M by

as -^rlee-prertdent, e«BU« tor W M I f ! i of

' I h H p M A . C2) .eiigpwl ,»Ml#»i Better Life for All CftMpalgn » t o c oottduotea by the'lMsh OoqgtWof

f p m s

daily towards a crippling burden Compared with -Other capitalist

countries in Western Europe, Bri-tain is dqing very badly. Norway, not in the EEC, is in a state of boom, with its own 200 mile fish-ing. Jimitiand Ninth Sea Oil. In the EEC, West Geraaapy issdrtng far better than Bi&taln. I t \ there-foretaM.'tHst W 0 m b a 0 m t r i« at fault-hut.Britain's mm&berttdp and subjugate position in the EEC.

The small number of privileged people who control the purse strings are investing their money in the centre of Western Buntpe This -group, more correctly -taiown as the ruling class, %has forsaken and 'deserted the nat ton tor ' the first "time to history. ' Mongfj aia-chines and whole faCtortes'aretaoro profitable to the ©Olden .Triangle than Britain. Rowhtrees -'have shifted chocolate iprOdtu^ion fiom York to Hamburg/Hoovers assemble machines to WeSt 'Jienatei tout of parts made in Italy.

is the bacJapnrand to which it can be

dards of nearty e v e ^ Jtocttt ^t^lifS are, deteriorating. The aims-of the monopolies cotae firit. the »»Si of ordinary people are to £ t ' those aims. If you want to^ibpy three yards of rope you wlH have I topar-chase a packet containing 30 yattis, because that, is the wauly w^grmotuk-

spolies make isodda?aflfld money. .Ufee erosion of democracy and elemen-tary-rights isr to stop protests about the lack of lehoioe In the shops and to keep the national struggle to a minimum. VEhe sane factor i ^ w e d iby the

superiords of -totoreest, nprofit and : r«nt is-.Hie colossal jpower M Jitar ihfttty possessed ;by nations. iire-daod, e.ven tafter?<00 dowlB a-tion, still -. exists.., - after the Fcenoh, Japanesejand V&. daaaperialism.itoave'daDe^liair qraat, U samw able *0 3 d e n i e p - W M l M *

•ttsn. iXhecstMbytfrf iwliMij Hiilie ^AuatcoefiuBgarian e m p i r e ? -Mraeed -the utanperial/iaekris t t e toU iapart Hence i^he -crucdal i^point dm. t*he

; straggle saamipA .toe taBaBagMaies' tggCias toaetrtoe tor aBifrvtigbtf ef

-people to - Eagbmd -ham not faeed >sinee Ahe days rof . 4 M M D COIWWflSt.

T i ^ t o i y Other

•decide tha t : to'Ydtt. decisions Wfli be the Officials in "Brussels and ' the money pants in Bopn and made instead to W t e t o tor the sfck»* of

• -' -' - - V'saiiiiVii t 'ft"-j •iS'"'! liii'W' i ^ .

its own future tlevelopmeiitt' T h e - r e a i % ' then of the ptattics

«f - this period can he sumtoiMt <09 to • the necessity ilp* "qtflt' the-CfoBi-mon i m i B i t . i - w m ' v m b major task is to tovlto faff&er national oppression. In ' turn, this calls for all anti-Marketeers'to JOin together in a national' This should entail the class in the torm.of t t s ttons to conjunction with' • interested in "getting out ,. ' CTC. •VdiP'm servatives and liberals. I t« mean supporting'theirs comtrtntag in a -certain direction. "Hie fascism to'the i s j a -godd example HUPPWt. ..

*Afr*this -moment to'iime opportontty exists tu t the

support for the , portuOtty to "not

rttfht groups. Will catti •national fluestlon ' t o -purpoeeB.-This 1»v»hy T n t o t 'havt strengthened1

•

pemtonce

orgafflse the

•pOTiT*

H VAWtf. gC rf.f i Jf*.'fr-,, ; _ _ v

' - ' - - • •Mi ^jL^J&iii

June 1977

Government policy stated 1\1 R CHARLES GUNNING-

HAM, President of the Connolly Association sent the Prime Minister a letter broadly along the lines of the Connolly Association;, statement pub-lished on page 2.

Mr Cunningham received the-following reply from the Northern Ireland . Office* and it is worthy of study as an expres-sion of (Jovemment policy: DEAR MR CUNNINGHAM,

Thank you for your letter of 7 • May to the; Prime Minister, which: waat passed tor the. Secretary of State, for Northern Ireland.. I have beeno asked : to repiy.

1/ The United unionist Action Cotmcfl stoppage about which

you express concern is now over. The^ crecBt tor its failure lies with the gpod sense and courage of the people of Northern Ireland, who, encouraged and supported by responsible leaders of opinion in Northern Ireland, firmly demon-strated their desire to work nor-mally, often in the face of threats and intimidation The Minister of State, Mr Concannon, told Parliament on 5 May that trade union leaders, shop stewards and other workers' representatives had given courageous leadership to their fellow workers. By acting firmly, and effectively against in-timidation and by keeping the roads clear, the RUC not only took all possible steps to ensure that those who wished to get to work could do so, but also demonstrated their ability to act as an impartial and effective force. Thanks to the re-solve of working people in Northern Ireland, the Government did not need to call , upon specialist troops who were available to maintain minimum essential services if these were threatened;

2 The Secretary of State made-• it clear before the stoppage

was due to begin that the UUAC wfere. seeking confrontation with the Government and with Parlia-ment ; anCtf ia t -Her Majesty's Gov-ernment'would'not be-coerced.- No concessions were - made to the-strikers. TUe Secretory of S a t o has repeatedly made- it clear that the • Convention: Report, whose-, im-i pleoientattoh was demanded by the UUAC, has 3 been rejected by > the Q a m p w t i i J r n , security, Jjie h t f b enjphasjsed his ,that-, the ' existing- policy of arresting and prosecuting terrorists through the courts ia.' thS-'-.rySlit* one -mO?

THE IRISH DEMOCRAT

-ITICAL FORIil

I —

Contributed by EOIN O MURCHU ' T H E growth of the multinational

monopolies and the rise of their political expression in Western Europe, the EEC superstate, ha&jem-phasised; the importance of solving the national question for those who. wish to ,see socialism.

The issues raised in the March discussion of socialism and nation-a l i s t to the "Irish Democrat" have, I believe, a much wider significance than- is generally imwincd. AU.the peoples of the EEC states, , and of those states within its orbit, such as Portugal and Greece, are. affec-ted by the power of small unrepre-sentative bodies to take decisions which affect the fundamental na-tional interests of all these peoples.

The EEC, of course, has institu-tionalised* the discrimination and contempt •tor-1 minority cultures that is one bf the most unworthy lftga* cies of the-imperialist and colonial-ist heydays- of - the big- European nations. EVen the Irish; language, constitutionally the first official language of an independent Ireland, is accorded second;- class- status ' by the Brussels bureaucrats, and: the other languages, such as Wtelsh, Basque, Breton, Oecitaman, fare even worse.

In addition, by making ev$n more remote and- undemocratic the

decision-making process, on a, wide range of important economic- and political questions, the EEC has made, progress to economic pros-perity, far more difficult in coun, tries like Ireland.

It would be wrong, however, to look, at the EEC as the oause of this weakness. It is rather the end result of an independence that was always limited—limited both by partition, which-split the economic potential of the country, and "by the dogma of free enterprise develop-ment,• which proved inadequate tor solving the problems of unemploy-ment; emigration and poverty.

Poor, economic development" re-mained., the hallmark of ' f t ie Irish economy, while Irish, wockers conr tributed. more than their share to building up Britain's wealth.

'. / - r But independence needn't have

been so limited,, even with .the con-tinuedf British occupation • of. .the most industrially developed, part of our country. The answer lies in the fact that Britain was. able to establish its firm econom®: control over the whole island:

The ascendancy, with its grip on business and finance, was the key herej The overwhelming majority of Irish financial transactions are still cleared through London clear-ing houses, our export trade is still

British policy, including a commit-ment to withdraw.

Partition directly creates an ob-stacle to socialism, because it limit* the economic potential of a united Ireland. It has led, as Connelly, warned, to a carnival of reaction, with the energies of the workers turned into sterile sectarianism.

The British claim over part of Ireland is, of course, an affront to the dignity of the Irish people, but it is also a boost for those elements within Irish society—the financiers, speculators, cattle exporters-^Wfeo-stand to gain by an accommodation-with imperialism and an anglicise* tionn of the Irish' people. The re-moval of the British presence in the North would means the removal ' of ttie maim prop of imperialist in-terest throughout the island.

Secondly, the Irish people do not. have control over their economy because they do not have control over the wealth producing sources

„ . 1 ^ within it. The banks and otb«^ • S 0 C ^ m ' ? T ^ ^ 0 ! * * " institutions are l i n S T . mg,of th with foreign outlets, creaming'oS., three main, interrelated;- obstacles . " " " f e va» to its achievement in Ireland. In

massively dominated by the British market, rigged as ii is against fair prices for our producers.

The. EEC. was partly sold- in Ire-land: on. the basis-, t ha t i t would enable us. to breaks free from., that domination, i n^ reality, however, Britain itself - was needing: control over. Britain to- the. European car-tels and administrative: apparatus. The financial. baroQ& whose- invest" ment strike has done so much; to . weaken Briti#h,.indHS$ry continue to deny. Ireland the,-rMional • use of capital necessary for solving, our economic- problems. ,

And the EEC!s .agricultural policy has led to bigger prices for consumers, as well as big rises in the costs of fertilisers and feeds, with benefits only treing realised'by a small elite of'esttle' ranchers.

the first place, there ' is - the- eon* tinued military, occupation of the north- east. The instability of this undemocratic set . up> must, for the foreseeable future require an ex-tended British military presence— with, unwelcome- consequences for the people of Britain itself—unless there is a complete- reappraisal of

construction industry is go-to®-through one of its worst

recession* ever. Many building workers thought that this summer would be the s tar t of, a return tor "norataL" Unfortunately, all the indications are tjbat there is not goings to be any. improvement yet. It could, quite well be the Opposite.

The- Government's reaction t o the> generat crtBis which is hittjng ali ca;»talist countries,' espeetallr Btt-tain, with its high inflation rate;

' was t o "borrow beavdyfrom' ttae lnr ternataonai MOnetoiy Fand- an&< in the process commit itself to a huge-cut brvpttoUo spendtogv

in. ftttein wheto tupsrovtoiat^y one half of. Che construction work-load comes. f w m puWic

said< that it will, continue. At the- S ^ t o ^ ' ^ ^ E e e e m L r l S t S a l ^ d S S t i S L i sapia- tta®, the> Government recog- year aw I t o ^ thbir effect. not to b« spared either. ', nisea the widesjHead and legiti- w - . . .w- r . . . .

UCATT (Convener Steward)

fund to. be made available, over t h e next, two years to. help coustmcttoiv in the inner-city areas—tt»fttrs only 1.5 pe rcen t of what was spent last year.

" p W U W tor the- next towv flraMv-1 <rtal years were pubBsfted'Uy

in W ^ m ^ ^ M a n A b t f e a e S S r work-jso roadeand moteowiwtofbe-cut to £05g< million by l&78-79. I t

£60-80. There are .no: figures .avail-able for builders' labourers. •..

Figures- for w i w i - toe duer out this: monttir - and ^ r e ' likfflfy; to show a big drop in standards^ ah liVingr.

The Royal Institute- of . Britiste \ Architects report that» ®v«p- 2,000 architects, have been laid oft in. the last/13, n t o Q ^ ^ l t t s - setoe hMI^ found still w m m * * * « ! * • m « per cent,of thoee i ff iHiiM had to; ***"*iiTff"^ ^imtritli tWi aciniIIIIIIICI

frona wwch mmmMm COWjR.

unio

the- capital accumulation of Ire-land for investment elsewhere, leav-ing the Irish people to go hock to the muKSnationais for any tort of even peripheral development.

Our commercial and trading in-stitutions have always maintained the closest dependence on the Bri-tish market, and the national ex?, port promotions body, Coras Tr&cht&la, has not been allowed to get involved directly in marketing and developing markets outside of the "traditional" areas. EEC mem-ber§Jiip has only slightly altered this situation, with the artificially controlled German and French-hiarkets assuming more import-ance.

IftiWJfacturing industry has to., the ^vast majority of cases b^en forced- to« sell out, either partly or.< totator to.tha multinationals, if it t wanted to get the finance and mar-kets necessary for expansion, and- . e v t ^ t a N w ^ • x "-fl'"'''

And ttffirffljf; the _ _ " p t o ' t the measures necestory has b. abandoned to the Brussels bureau-1

c r a ^ u " v : - . •

AndJUtot, I thiirt, i s the essence

our soureej'

mate- ooncem i to Northern < Ireland > at oontjnuin^violence; and. it will, coatiiwe qaeirtog the existing policy more effective.

3» ; your letter you sugge st dial Northern J r i W ^ M B r •

fictoJ^r created stote and. that the solution to be sought is KHynHK®5

tionr ^ Irrtan* by cotisent t h e Oovwniment's -view is that^^irwerfc abto^ «pd.' bMtog\ solution' must command^ th*5 resnect and sueoort' of pwpte la "" ttst hav^ happened as a consequence cannot now be undone. The Gov-emgtont' and' : y & j f e ^ )|Rirthy

• <6ontlm«K»:i

( y r t h e £800 m«lH» non-housing cut*-for- 19T7-78,- the construc-

t len efltotr to'eettaKtad'tto *»< *3Ur million; t l m A - t ^ v t ^ v t m a aMotot i

spending is to. be reduced i fil,l« ndaion spent-in «65^«ff l i<» in-1WWS. -

As- tor t h r private seetoar tMW>e< one-sixth of investment, i

lie construction whtoh. toll IS.v*t» manuftptoring, goes in.i c e n t t t e - l M g - ' ^ g a ^ j W t o t o i i a . by eoWrVtoik to p f H l i ; . February this s e a r ^ ^ ^ f l O l l t t ^ Q r t m j a o . ntitr private " eompifed>to'£28fr mi !Ub | t v ^ i m the IteWife sector s w ; according to the Department of the though* «M- neent drop ihiNi |W*

..Xjt ar,. i —r——V—r-

4 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT June 1977

TWENTY-SIX COUNTIES

* t t f

t i T-*

I

§

m-

"Win

Defend Ireland's neutrality by Dr. John De Courcy Ireland AT j meeting of the Irish Coun-

cil of the European Movement in t'*« days when Irish membership of t™e EEC was only beginning to bvj c 5cussed, Dr. Luns, general sec-Titi.fi of NATO, was introduced by Si in Lemass and asked if Ireland cjmM maintain its neutrality inside ths Common Market. IH<e replied abruptly, according to a press re-part, Of course you can". He added that Ireland could not be pushed into a political or defence union by a majority vote.

Irish doubts about the value ~of toeing associated in military alliances with great powers can be traced back perhaps as far as Swift's famous diatribe on ''The Conduct of the Allies", and cer-tainly as far as Tone's pamphlet against possible Irish involvement in an English war with Spam over the Nootka Sound dispute in 1T90. To James Stephens and other 19th

century Irish patriots, Irish inde-pendence meant the right, among others, to stand aside from the war preparations and political intrigues of other states.

Now the whole concept of Irish neutrality is under attack and it is suggested by people who should know better that our national in-terests would be served by turning our island into a base for NATO forces, either directly or indirectly, through some association with EEC forces, so far non-existent as such.

OUR prestige, which is high in Third World countries such as

Algeria, Iraq and Tunisia, and in non-aligned countries like Yugo-slavia, is so precisely because we are looked upon as sensible enough to avoid entanglements in the arms race which is such an obstacle to the development of a healthy world economy. Neutrality is rightly looked upon In these States as a

welcome lessening of the physical base from which some great powers could launch the final Armageddon.

In 1939, in order to protect the neutrality proclaimed by the Irish Government in accordance with the wishes of the great majority of the Irish people, and in order to safe-guard Irish international sover-eignty according to international law, Ireland established a navy. This service has, unobtrusively but efficiently, carried out mahy activi-ties of value to the country. Its powers, however; are restricted and it operates under the control of the army. Its proper function as a na-tional service ought to. be, pri-marily, the safeguardir^ of our waters from infringement by war ships, troop transports, or aircraft of foreign powers. It oouid also legitimately be used in fppport of peace-keeping activities of the United Nations. Fishery protection

Our r i iH'E Irish population could grow

by as many as 352,000 people in the. decade to 1986, according to a recent set of population projec-tions prepared by Mr W. Keat ing of the Central statistics Office. Working from an estimated popu-lation of 3,162,000 in 1976, a figure derived from the 1975 Labour Force survey, Mr Keating forecasts that , in the absence of a renewal of mass emigration, the population of the Twenty Six Counties could reach 3.514.000 by 1986 which would be half a million up on the 1971 level.

This would represent the highest recorded level of population achieved in the Twenty Six Coun-ties this century. In 1901 the popu-lation of this area stood-at 3,222,000. Higher- emigration would naturally mean, that the- population - growth would be less. With net emigration of 5,000 annually in the first part of the 1980s, he projects that the population would grow to 3,486,000 by 1986.

The growth of between 10% and 11%- in population over the next decade' will signal a dramatic change-in the structure of Irish society. Over the decadethe popu-lation; will- become younger, while the rato of dependents* tp; active.

This growth reflects the rapid natural rise in population during the 1900s, together with the decline in emigration over the same period.

Growth of th is magnitude will obviously pose a massive challenge to Government policies responsible for employment creation and to the capitalist economic system in the country.

The growth in the very young age groups—under 15 years of age —is likely to; slow down. Marriages will increase in proportion to popu-lation but average family size will fall, as has been occurring since

.the early 1960s. course a lot depends on how

emigration or immigration will go. At present there is no net emigration, although people are leaving the country, generally at young ages, and others are coming into it-^generally either retired people or re turned emigrants who are coming home with wives and young families. The two move-ments just balance. For a century and-a half Since the Famine of the < 1840s the population of Ireland -was u n i q ^ l n t l ie^inirid for its rapid

" Ml, as the increase was swept awagr to? higher rates of emigration. For. all that time the

population wttf' iflfectote. With nfc * Socl&i country— nearly Wfc..;.0f the,: its economy, social life and political

population wopld bp below the age of 30 by 19W, # h f l e tfidW over 45 year£-of age would account for only 27%- of the population w i t h 80% in 1976. ; - -

tion will. occur in. -the age-bracket 15-44 * e a » of age. l a the 16 j»ars to 1S86 the population -is this agegroup is projected- to rise by 275.000 to almost 1,200,006 in the absence of renewed emigration;

system- adjusted; to a falling population- lfo# tfcfeje Institutions must readjust themselves to face a rising populaton, Which will g^ner-ate quite different stresses and de-miKSfir ' J ^ l j t t t t i t emigration re-sumes It is unlikely that it will be at a rate which win cream off the entire natural Increase, as it did in the past for so long, so that the population will inevitably continue

. |o grow to. some e*tent. . . . • f t

g-iit-.X ;

..

| § 3

. ' ^ r t p S f i B t ; „ J t t C K £ f t 0 « 9 r ' ftB- in te res ted in • v - J ^ ^ m ^ ^ S ^ i m i k ^ ' ^ ^ p r e s e r v a t i o n , a n d h a v e t a k e n on a n e w l e a s e of i s r u n n i n g a c ampa ign aga in s t - t t fe :*Vtfce I r i s h S o c i e t y f o r t h e j a c k

S S ^ r S " t o . Z t^Wmm^^ e a r l i e r t h i s y e a r . ;, - • " t h e u s e of

' H ^ r . • ' , p i g m e n t , T h e «6cietx> w I w d d i n * s i m e m t h * loss of j o v p r o b l e m s as a h u & z o c r o t e e 'In.?' h W w a & t - upiA^ t o o - o t t m y t v *

' " — m m c o n d n s i o n r i a ' ^Bsw* wt tufcb: b e f e w * UaOving p r o b l e m s if c o w s

In the past in Ireland the periods of radical political change in the country were usually associated with either population growth or a cessation or slowing down of emi-gration. This was -so in. the days of the Land League, in the period 1916-23 and in ijthe early 1930s when Fianna Fail first' <5atfI6 into office. That the population grdwth of the coming decade will encourage radi-cal political deveS^jnerits also is very likely.

and other duties to which units of our navy are from time to time assigned are important but second-ary roles.

HOWEVER, due to the absence down the years of any State

national maritime policy the Irish naval service has come to be looked on essentially as a fishery protec-tion service. It is not supplied with the type of vessels best suited to the protection of our sovereignty, nor even ships capable of carrying out the hydrographic survey of Irish waters deemed essential by a Gov-ernment Commission as far back as 1930. Now that the EEC has pro-claimed a 200-mile limit and our own State, responding at last and reluctantly to public pressure, has sought a 50-mile limit, official policy seems more than ever to be to oper-ate our navy for fishery protection primarily. Since, however,, it is manifestly incapable with its present strength of policing a 50-mile zone, let alone our section of the EEC's 200-mile limit, the dan-gerous suggestion is being made that the navy should be incorpor-ated into an EEC force. This would not only Inhibit its operation in de-fence of our own fishing limits, but would be the first step towards its integration into the naval forces or NATO, which would undoubtedly ask for bases and communications facilities in Ireland, thereby, placing this country in the position of being a front-line target in the event of NATO*Warsaw Pact hostilities.

FRANCE has proved thiat it is pos-sible to be a founder-member

of the EEC and yet implement an independent naval policy, suited to the Gauilist-nationalist concept of French national interests. If France, in spite of being a member of the EEC and nominally attached to NATO, can build and operate a navy whose basic purpose is the safeguarding of French interests and nobody else's, thereby raising its morale and efficiency to high levels, Ireland can and should cer-tainly do the same.

No State is threatening to attack Ireland at the moment but we do appear to be under pressure from one group of States to surrender to an amorphous command (over which, being so small, we could have no control whatsoever) our right to maintain a riavy whose primary duty, like that of France, Yugoslavia, India or Algeria, is the defence of our own national in-terests. And the first and foremost of our national interests is the de-fence of peace, irrespective of the plans and designs of any foreign military staffs whatever.

The possibilities arising from war in this nuclear age are so frightful that every step must be taken to lessen the base from which war could be launched. This means for Ireland, among other things, main-taining total independent control of our navy and equipping it With the proper vessels for its role of de-fence of our sovereignty and neu-trality. This would be the logical outcome of implementing a na-tional plan to develop our enormous maritime potential.

i—is it a

federates twenty*

jGauai

£ '•* "'Is. i&i*' * - - ** ' • J1 HE Irish General flection,

which h a s ' : p f a t $ j s r n m c e d take place in nti&SuMfjoclks set for a victory ~ f o r - t h e - c o a l i t i o n Parties. "'

While all sorts of things can happen in an etectbh ^campaign and nothingis certain. Witil all the votes are counted; it would be a miraite Indeed .'if Fianna Fail were able to overcome the effects of Mr Ti^Hy's electoral gerrytnamf^';For»--^~*t is not exactly a gerrymm&frit does constitute a drawing Of consti-tuency boundaries in such a way as to Coalition " w M N t e : : ? . ^ minimise the e1ffifMv$ne$s of Fianna Fail. ''

The basic r

Tully's wciiik of the elect the Dublin drjjtri seaters, wfi Labour I of the three, for Fianna-system a. seats can a safe ma, out of office, like being time.

But if turned for electoral State it to the Govt voting For Fia has - made : Ffanha blood and it offers same mi bankrupt persona/it There is with the t tavm^i will

nificant swing to Fianna Fail. The most interesting thing

about the result is likely to be how Labour will fare. The pat-tern after the last two Coalition governments—those of- 1948-51 and 1954-57—was that Fine Gael increased its vote-and Labour's vote declined. There seemed to be a process whereby Fine Gael got the credit for whatever good the Coalition was supposed* to have done, while Labour got the blame for all the unpqpular things. Will the same happen this time? Will Fine Gael^go Cti&niinderiai from strength to strength at the „ an(| (four, expense of both Fianna Mail. and Labour ? It is very possible, especially in Dublin, where there seems to be a lot of disillusion-ment with the Labour Party.

All sorts of pre-election gim-micks,are being tried of course. Coalition, and pie Michael O'Leary has a handsome Finance tells the -picture of himself in the papers, with the caption "I'll pay you tan4 is vet fair for £20 a week to employ a mm." r <' ' Thie refers to the Governments labour subsidy scheme to- l p ^ i courage employers to take on more workers in face of the hij

unemployment. It is not O'Leary who will be doing the paying, of course, but the Irish tax-payers. • - ;»

However,- it was good, self-advertisement by a Minister who, by all accounts, needs it badly, and it attracted furious criticism from Fianna Fail in the Dail. Will the photograph of a Mini-ster accompany alt Government notices in future, Jack Lynch wanted to k n o w . Wil t C r t 0 " O'Brien' be shown Offattfj t o menfL the telephones or .Mark

• ' ^ \ t o cut thistles U Simuttam-

ously, deals ate being done with Corporation tenants over renty new factories are being ' an* nounced by ihe f.DA. M fuAt the places where th likely to Wirt

hot-air are on the

m Gr«y« K C j K w ^

i p f f -Address

.-v

rnmSSimm^ I I • I , v. - •••• . • ^wzyw?

June 1977 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT 5

S I X d O D ^ I I N C E N E 1

HAUL BELFAST BEFORE UNITED NATIONS WARSAW APPEAL TO STOP TORTURE yyO fewer than 1,500 delegates

from 125 countries participa-ted in the World Assembly of Builders of Peace which recently ended a six-day conference in Warsaw.

And one of the persons who most moved the Assembly was a middle-aged, grey-haired Irish mother from Belfast, whose Turf Lodge neighbours had financed her to go to Warsaw and put her case against British killings in the North of Ireland. ~

She was Mrs Annie Norney, who has vowed not to rest until the English soldier who killed her son Leo in September 1975 is brought before a court of law. Already the English authorities have admitted in open court that her 17-year-old son was totally innocent and was shot dead without the slightest pro-vocation and they have paid £3,000 compensation to the family. Mrs Norney says that this is not enough, that she seeks justice not cash and that while she has the strength she will carry out her campaign.

DELEGATES from other coun-tries where torture is also

carried out were horrified as

Mrs Norney described in detail the condition of her son's hands and body arising from the tor-ture inflicted upon him before he was shot. She herself took photos of the injuries when the body was returned to her.

In reply to questions from a Belfast solicitor, whose name was not disclosed for fear of reprisals, Mrs Norney told the delegates of day-to-day condi-tions in Belfast and of the beha-viour of British soldiers when there was no possibility of pressmen being around.

Mrs Norney was elected a member of the Presidium of the Human Rights Commission as a mark of recognition of her valiant campaign for justice.

Other cases of torture by the Army authorities and the R.U.C. in Belfast were told t% the dele-gates. The~Belfast lawyer told the Assembly : "Torture conti-nues in Northern Ireland and as a result Britiain is in flagrant breach of the Helsinki Agree-ment and numerous other inter-national agreements. No R.U.C. or British soldier has yet been been convicted of torturing or wounding or killing anyone in

Northern Ireland. The cowardice of the Northern Ireland judiciary in relation to these matters is a scandal. The last government fit to lecture others on human rights is the British Govern-ment."

AMONG the many distin-guished people at the confer-

ence were General Costa Gomes, former President of Portugal; Yassa Arafat, the Palestinian leader; United States Congress-men and Senators ; British M.P.s and trade union leaders; Cheddi Jagan, the former Premier of Guyana; Madame Allende, the widow of the murdered Pfesi-dent of Chile, and Sean McBride and other Nobel laureates.

At the conclusion of the con-ference a declaration was signed by British and Irish trade union-ists and members of the peace movement calling for the United Nations to become directly in-volved in bringing about a solu-tion to the conflict in the Six counties. It was signed by the President of the Belfast Trades

Council, Joe Cooper, and by the British Co-operative movement leader, John Atkinson, and is to be sent to all national sections of the world peace movement, to all trade unions in Britain and Ireland and to all 148 delega-tions at the United Nations.

The declaration states : "As a step in the direction of a peace-ful solution we call upon the British and Irish Trade Union Congresses to internationalise the issue by requesting their re-spective governments to refer the matter to the United Na-tions Security Council and also .to bring it to the attention of the General Assembly."

The declaration proclaimed

the delegates' abhorrence of war as a means of solving world problems and, in particular, the use of military methods as a way of solving the Irish question. It adds: "We sup-port the right of all nations to self-determination and indivi-dual membership of the world community" and "We grieve at the fact that the present phase of the Anglo-Irish conflict has continued for the past eight years w i thou t any real attempt at solution, and has cost the lives of hundreds of Irish citi-zens and of British soldiers and has caused terrible injuries to thousands of men, women and children."

SIX COUNTY ELECTIONS THE final results of the six-county

local government elections gave the official Unionists 175 seats, the S.D.L.P. 114, Mr Ian Paisley's D.U.P. 71, Alliance TO. and others 96.

Among the "others" the majority were Independents of one rband.or another. The U.U.P. was down to

Eleven days that shook the six counties SPEECH OF

TERRY CARLIN

r P H E value of the Campaign hbw-evei- was never more accurately

portrayed than in the recent, loyal-ist stoppage. The trade union movement in Northern Ireland was in a "far fight tha t proposed stoppage than it had been In 1974 (incidentally, I deliberately use the word "stop-page" rather than "strike" since the exercise had nothing to do with in-dustrial matters and was not organised-or supported by any sec-tion of the trade union movement).

Fif ty • Trades Council representa-tives who attended a Trades Coun-cil Seminar on 1st May, 1977 in Dunganncn, two days before the then proposed stoppage, gave an excellent lead along the lines of NIC's own statement some three-four days earlier, to workers throughout the province. The Cam-paign had undoubtediy .. helped to create an awareness of the econo-mic realities fadhg''»the;., prevjacesn and for- the need f « irade;iii»Jaa-* ists to stand up -to; intimidation.

of a njass picket on one of the dairies, the trade unions managed, af ter a Ipt of hard work, to get milk supplies back to normal, and by the start of the second week,

in Notth-jR l^ fe f r Hjlis not being pro-

cessed ip the ndrmal manner. n P O tell; the whole story of those

11 days would take a book, indeed, the register I maintained at the 'dfflce became known as "The Incidentl' • Book";; recording in-stances- of Intimidation, problem factories, work' of trade union officials inrre-opening factories, and advice-and assistance given by the Northern IrelEuid Office of Con-gress . ,

•With regular reports f rcm Trades Council representatives, shop stewards and union officials,, we had ah accurate picture of what

in public, we were organising on the sh^p floor". By this organisation we were able to reverse the run-down procedure for a major plant and re-open about 10 factories on the second mortiirig whiehjjftad been shut during the first -daywof the stoppage by intimidation. -Where necessary, we got support f rom employers' organisations ili lending weight to representations to management to have places of work re-opened.

I firmly believe that tfief t rade

(N.I. Officer, at London Conference

- ' - u ; ' \ " situation, locks in detail- at some eight or nine industrial sectors.

I firmly believe that more has been achieved by the Catppaign th$ri is wldfely u n d e r s t o o d e v e n within our m o v e m e n t . T h e *

Northern; Ireland. Two of our ma j^^^wr f to t ' i i i r a i rS programmes in Northern Ireland have been det voted *to > a review of the steppage.

IT was the strength and unity of One concentrated .solely on the the . movement ' question • of ffhatr ' happened { - f t

which contributed very largely. tp Batoluijfityrd ,Pow?r S to lon . ensuring the r i g t&to work in the spite of t&jtr,. researches', fio#e*er, fao» of mj&ss intlmldatlcn. By Arid- they could only come up with teu:

union movement could hot -have „ . . , , , , . . „ , - „ , t , . , had so much success in efforts Declaration of t h e ^ C ^ j ^ a p r i p -to keep Northern Ireland-working . mains as a manifesto fdr the NIC. as normally as p.ssible without the for affiliated unions, and ftr~.our efforts which had gone j n t o the Trades Councils. Ihtpetifity, tHe Campaign. By that campaign,/we movement^ w i l l continue Us had established the trade unioii!'' strengthen the internal relation-communications n e t w ^ ? ® ^ P ® r ' ships built up through t h e i P i m -proved invaluable in S keepihg paign and will continue to seek abreast of delicate s i t u i t f o & ^ l i ^ ^ y s «f •

s e r v i ^ w P i n most Areas of as the Power Station and the bus schools a^d o t h t t ^ I i t t ^ wljtox; ' • services. The respect fat ; the trade we desperately need to help make

union ;movement and. . tW' . - t^ iy ' / ' - a^BIMTiefe ,UFB'^POR AI«C/ response to the many requests•;!or further protection for , $ '

ft vet the Vanguard likewise down to five, the Republican Clubs down to six, and the Northern Ireland Labour Party non-existent.

The main progressive party is thus obviously the S.D.L.P. which, if combined with the Republican Clubs councillors, would have 120 and if combined with, the moderate Alliance Party would muster, a coalition of 190, not far off the Unionist total of 246, and 15 over the official Unionist total: If the Westites arid the Paisieyites for any reason weren't speaking to each other, and the votes were "repro-duced on an ?ll-8ix county scale, the progressive-moderate wing Would hav* a tidy weight, and might compel poorer-sharing, • .

The interesting thing is that ther%4i»-on^ 4lwee oounolls a single paijty ha% an overall majority. " Mr. Raisfey dominate BaUymena./The hold Dertyr \ ' *;

M

afternoi-n on the 1st day of the stoppage, 400 reports of intimida-tion had been reported to -the police. . Many vot these invplved a full factory at a time; many other acta were iW&erately designed to intimidate important sectors of the workforce .ani lndeed, the community. Tbiw..b(i«i)0a> »e j» . .w tackedon-'Sunday held hostage for H hours and yet, under; the leadership of tbe official trade union movemepti the bus-

afet t i m e t t i e . to run t b »

men's un.on decided tha t t . ^ buses spQicp^ngp. 0f would W o n ^ l f e i t i i B ^ W W W I i ! ^ ^ - y r ^ l f S I ^ ^ morning: i t o l n ^ y • lines were tejevli blocked by exiiloekna and other ob- a n K r y stacles, j&PGi*'* threatened MMl the Vbr t closed and yet port system was. maintained throughout the stoppage. ' r "

The price paid regrettably, was high and as a result, Harry Br*d» shaw was murdered in the cab of his bus. But ' l i P t l i ^ l ' meeting Urun-'diately fol" funeral, the busmen sume smt-es m spite tempt to intimidate ther^. In spt^r- the Actta

the Tstdry- at the very most. Yet, throughout' that perivd, the trade union*, were- fully - briefed on the nun$ier» at work, tbe t^tai output, the proWems that were arising, the mood of. the men, who-was visiting

eyefy t t t i t t ^ ^

Perl

for going to and from their wci Was given firmly but eftcietUIy .by ., , .. .. the Police could not » J & l t ^ ^ t h a t o n a achieved without the ^ e d g e ; I t h e r e w o u l d ' be an «ntl-t ha t information on given Sltua- p a r U t i o ^ i l 8 t toaJortty . ^ the t lx tlons was accurate because'now t h e ' counties? 'trade union movement-could ; W Beiore you throw up your hands t rusted.and respected,

"V/TUCH still remains to .ber.dpne. . stc

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e T H E I R I S H D E M O C R A T J u n e 1 9 7 7

I R I S H S O N G S

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TONE'S GRAVE I I * Bodenstown churchyard-there is a green grave

* And wildly around it the winter winds rave ; Smallsirelter t ween are the ruined waifs there When the storms sweep ddtan on the plains of Kiidare.

©nee^ilay-on the sod that.ties ever Weite Tone, And thought how he perished in prison atone, HI* friends unavenged, and his ceuntty unfreed— "Oh bitter," I said, "is the patriot's meed—

"For HI him the heart of a.woman combined Wittra heroic life anda governing mind— * martyr for Ireland—his grave has no stone— Mis name seldom named, and his virtues unknown."

> war wokc-f rom my dreamby.the voices and tread #f«a-ttamt who came into.the home of the dead; They carried no corpse, and they carried no stone, And-fhey stopped/when theyc»me to the grave of Wolfe Tone.

They were students and peasants, the wise and ihe brave, Andaneidmanwho'd known him from cradle to grave, A»&cbild*en who thonghtvine hauMwarted; for they AH* that sanctified sod wereforbiddento flay.

But-the etd man who saw- f was mourning there, said, "Wo come, sir, to weep where young WoMe Toflfe was (aid, Ami We're goingto raise him a monument, toe— A plain one, yet fit fdr the simple and true."

My heart over sowed, and I clasped his old hand, Andf-bieesed him, andbteated everyone et his band; "Sweet, sweet 'tis to fimRhetsueh faitbcair remain To the cause, and the man so long vanquished-and stain."

htBotfntewm. churchyard-there is a green grave, An*,fteety around it the winter winds rave-Pdrbettenthey suit him—the rain andthe gloom— Til ( 'Ireland, a nation, can build him a tomb.

remember those br ight days of yere , sweet ly wi th joy * beguiled.

And eomradeal loved.w^ojt«ehtld nowtteogedfor to roam, byMomit Mi

n. • rpoactobythe light-ofthemoon, —- ^ Thef tEW df>my birth, ttrere'ai«np«ual on earth

flUwfft MSssoyi the flower of M8noflHi.

•» J-..--.

S e f r i e n d s come with me» aifif-

's g reen groves

. . J T / t ime, w h e n W e s o a s e n w a s fine, Here a r t h e gate. a» ttMYsetwtlftestlle, •

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on e a r t h — flower •f.maMwmtv,

f i le , <• /

lovely domain—

Vi

\ She L ived the Anner)

the lovely Anner tow set young Kickham's

flfSft^*-.. Y*'- - •

M l pike to make the hay,

•hartes K I # M , IHn ia wander I weuldmoan

dM danoe and play

mm* * • /

THE STATION OF KNOCKLONG

This ever-popular ballad deals with one of the most daring ex-ploits of the North Tipperary Volunteers, on May 13th 1919.

THE news has spread through Ireland

And sprung from, shore to shore, Of such a deed no living man

Has aver heard before; From out those guarded carriages

Mid. a panic-stricken throng Sean Megan he was rescued

At the Station of Knoektong. With a guard of four policemen

And their prisoner minded'well, as that fatal trainopedo'er the rails

Conveying him to his soil; The' prisoner then could scarce

foretell Of • hearts both brave and strong

That were planning for his rescue At the Station of Knooklong.

'Twas on a- gloomy evening When at last the train pulled in;

>t was halted without warning ay a few courageous men,

Spring to the carriages, ft did not take them long—

"Hands up or die" was the warning cry

At the Station of Knecklong. King George's pampered hirelings

They shrivelled up With fear, When they thought of how they'd

placed in eeus FuH many a Volunteer,

New face- to- taoe with armed men, To escape how they did long,

But twouof them met traitor's deaths At the> Station of Knooklong.

From Selohead to Limerick, Such deeds as these were seen,

And the devil a tear was ever shed For Wallace or Rosegreen;

They rifO old Enghmd-a dirty work, But they did-that «Qifc< too long,

For the- renegadee* days were numbifd,^ •

At the Station of knocklong. Now rise- up, M«««er Erin,

And always bo of oheer, Y w nrtr die wMfe toy your side

There stand sueh Volunteers; From Dingle any'to Barryowen

The cheers wlH eeho long For the- resoues^i 8ean Hogan

At the Station of KneeMong

THE CROPPY BOY rr was early, early in the spring,

The birds did whistle and sweetly sing,

Changing their notes from tree to tree,

And the song they sang was Old Ireland free.

It was early, early,in the night, The yeoman cavalry gave me a

fright; The yeoman cavalry were my

downfall, <• And I was captured by Lord

Cornwall.

'Twas in. the guard-house that I was laid

And in a parlour where I was tried;. My sentence passed and my

oouraga lew When to< Dungannon I was forced

to got,

As I was passing my father's door My tender mother her hair she tore I looked behind a n # I leaked before For my tender mother I shall ne'er

see more.

As l was going up Wexford- Street My own first cousin f chanced to

meet; My own first cousin did me betray. And for one-bam^ guinea swore* my,,

life away. ,

As l was mounted on the platform nigh

My agsd father woe standing by My ago* father dht me deny And the name lfa> gave me' was the

Crepw Boy»

it was in Oungannon this young man died

And in OungRnnonMabodyJUn; Good peep* alt that do 9 W by Oh shed a Mar Mr the Croppy Boy.

AT a cottage bright one wintry • night, •

AS the snow lag e n tho ground stood a youthful |rt»r«ol(p»r boy,

To the His mother stee^WMltli Uttm saying

Vou'lt win, my boy, don't fear" And with loving arms around his

waist, ' • She tied Ms b«tt|M>tMk . . .

"Goodbye, God Wets you, mother dear, - • f* | "

f hope your heart wont ^ain, »ut Bray t o . a m t t i M f r WW see

Your soldier And when t fn

tf 'will be a To know that

still Your Irish

wnentho Andtheflag

The leaders Old Ireland

Hie comrades

With a noU f i y « b | | f c p « M » d joy, And an aohlngj*™"

To my Irish.

rm dying a From wsunds

Trying to fr • u t l In - ' m

,-, l | M f t » Wha^p t fUT - ••:.•', kUk -

w ^ Your Irish

SE INA LA ^ H U A I G H me isteaeh i dteach are i r

Is d ' iarr me cairde ar bhean an leanna, Is e duirt si l iem "Diabhal deoir, Buail chun botha i r is gabh'n abhaile.

Curfi : Nil s e 'na la, nil a ghra , Mil se 'na la, na b a o l g f t m a i d i n Nil se ' na la, na bheidh go fbfli Solas a rd a ta ar an ngealach.

Ohuireas m o l a m h isteach i mo phoca Is d'iarr me brispadh ieathchoroin uirthi, Is e duirt si l iom "buai l chun boird Is bi ag ol annseo go maidin."

"Eirigh 'do shui, a fh i r a ' ti, Cuir ort do bhr i s te do hata, Go gcohtnl ceo! le is an dulne choir A bheas ag ol anseo go maidin."

Nach mise fe in a n fea r gan chiali, A rffhag mo ohioe in mo scornaigh; D T h a g me lean o r m felh, Is d ' fhag me sean ar dhaoine eile.

T a mo stocai i d t lgh an oil T a mo bhroga^i d t lgh a n leanna T a n a b a a g d t H t h a r teoraihn I s n l l b e a n o g a rachadh a goasadh.

i

With Spain emerging anudst bitter struggles from 40 seenu a good time to print tbb JUttte song t r i m the •d-Xheaievwhe weat'to Spain to|riLto suet, W W * ' by the Naris, in the period 193S-1938. Man ® •yanv Joined tbew aad were iwMd to sine th one of the BereeaC baUlee of the m n

JARAMA (Air: Red River VaU^),

» • ' v..' - - it a valley- in Spa in oalled J a r a m a ;

W r a p lace tha t w e atl For ' t w a s there that we gavo d l o u r awmhBBdi

A M most of o u r fen ve comrade* f r t t .

We a r e brood of o a r Bri t ish Battalion And CftlS- stand for M a d t i d that they made,

F o r W»» 'to—»ft|Mfc<WMi > a ^ d H h » < o t 1 ' ' ' ' ' r - f a m m h » f l f b e n t h Brigade. '

With t h e r o W t M , | p n m M > t i a t Ootoma

; h t the ftghlfor t h o f r eedom of 8 M n T Y | W W I I L O ^ U B T V T I O F O H N M B F F '

i M a t P a i d n n neve r t h o o l d reign. >

• >-lx>f< h'.'.f

" V'.

We have laft lhat d a r k val ley for ever we ne'eactall forget,

_,s 'I*

Lotus

W' S i

5t'w i %'••''

w—

«|*HE narrow gauge 0 a floarish-A .tag twurist <Oodu*nf d o ««i(les today, -due to ttoe foresliht o fammy railway enthusiasts, mostly English iaoadentally, mho a t -the «elwreHto J»our Msueeitatscba «mb«hdM6*og coHceriOs -and toy liat of many*-hours of unpaid labour craated '.'The GreaUi t t l e Trains of .Wales";. Wit it is Hot to these ^that tHfc aMBHir draws our Attention; it te t b We gpectacolar slate quarries at » » a r --wic aad ' t ^n rhyo now eashrtoei ' ln industrial Mchaeoiogy.. . . •,

- Those of you -OtMM^MaMMa.lgo bask to tfae tDOa iWtU maatT ttie last

-Irish « t . M * * . .

-Jhit e t -de w artless mmmi ana wironoiogy M»o -an i n d e n t -*hteh MMUm - ....' A • m o v e e m s oorrms-lOB WBIliMflfllUnilH. T h e M b a n f o s wddir-Brat- itomary

J by the

^Wtb-of

"A New History of Ireland, Vol. Ill: Early Modern Ireland 1534-1691", edited by T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin, F. J. Byrnes v(Clarendon Press : Oxford University Press, 736 pp., £17).

rVTOT everybody will be able to afford this magnificently pro-

Extraordinary

"Napper Tandy", by Rupert J. Coughlan k (Anvil, £6.50).

f t p OR .most ^people JamesNapper Tandy's immortality is vested

in the opening line of ' 'The Wear-tog of the Green", the -name of a pub in the Dublin .Liberties and a tablet on a windswept gable at Bur-tonport, Go. i Donegal. ; Prom this near-oblivion t Rupert J. Ooughlan has attempted to rescue a most extraordinary character.

When he helped to found the Dublin United ' Irish club in 1791 Tandy had for many years been leader of the mdical opposition in the city copaotation. His support Of parliamentary.reform, -rotes for Catholics, the American and French revolutions marked him

'down for surveillance by theJDastle's agents, espectttly after he had sued the viceroy tor «wrongftil impriaon-

•ment in 1192. : «a«ler , -dmteg - the period of its jnilitancy, 177WI2,' he

<fead commanded the Dublin regi-ment of Volunteers. When the Volunteers were suppressed - he re-cruited and drilled a '.'Mational OuaM" and made contact with the-4.

'Defenders, rfle was probably . the only Protestaat ever sworn into tha t aecpet-^octfcty." Learning-of this advent ' the government -oon-oocted a piot tolnre' h h n into court « n d then «Hp a ctq»ital <dhuge on him. His lawyers gofcrflKindcdf ;the acheme, wherewoen T a a d f ifled to England, then to Americai aad even-tually to mranse. I n t3»e a u t u m n Of 17B8 he «animanded the .last in-vasion of Xreianfl, marched a score •Of fotlorwers'iter -six hours tthrough

J We «osses -««d f o t away ' to 'Nor--way, oapktriag two Brttiah /vessels en rottte.

»

There followed an amazing jinter-lude to which:the czar, the Prus-sian emperor, "the French republic a n d - the 4ctog;0f England / wrangled «ver -Ais destiny.iwhlle h e languished In a Hamburg gaol. The English prevailed, otae was conveyed to Lif-ford, condeauMd^.to^deaW^paMoned

-by oBe.yioeeeyiOBd'1'o eondunuiul hy his successor and 'finally allowed

M o « o 4o «nxiiWtuc Jto <802, Where •tie tiled ^the 'following year, a revered general of -dhrteion. -1%ere If a«idenoe»«ltot yNwwlosji -refased to . s tp t w i i d i i i y . ^ i i ' i t i i h h i unto ' Tandy-Juas jmS* 4nJKsanee.

Mr Ooofklan 4MS iWigently combed ne i inp^un wml QMt(j>docu-

i t e jjM|#11ed '*<* We Wt t Wae, «emt W of

duced book. But those who can should, and those who can't should try to ensure that it is in every central library in Britain.

It is of oourse the first published though the third part of the long-awaited history of Ireland by a group of distinguished academics, and can claim to represent the cream of modern scholarship.

The central events of the .period under review are the Tudor, Crom-wellian and Williamite conquests, the period when the : British toy en-deavouring to destroy a people created a /nation. And the distinc-tive feature of Irish history since the fall the FitegeraWs, is seen very clearly. I t is possible to write the history of England from within England. It is extremely difficult to write the history of Ireland f rom within Ireland. For the motive power ' events as they shape themselves is noveoenomic develoip-imOTt, bu t the actions -of an occupy-ing power.

Somebody some time may possibly accomplish a "History -of' the Gael-fcaeht", hut not yet.

The vital Gromweihan period is handled by .Patrick Corish, Profes-sor of Ecclesiastical History at May-nooth. In some ways his account is disappointing. "There is a general tendency in the whole work to "Europeanise" Irish history and treat Irish resistance in -conjunction with the trends >of the "oouhter-reformation.

A»d while some of the -oariier crudities of Professor .Cristopher

Hill are avoided, still we would have liked to know the truth -behind the alleged negotiations between Monck and Owen Roe, and see the Irish campaign more clearly against the background of English politics.

It is true of course that Professor Moody gives full recognition to Waiwyn who protested against the invasion of Ireland but he -does not conclude that what one man voiced many must have thought. T. A. Jackson, following -Marx, made the . point that the • English revolution at this point, "met ship-wreck in Ireland."

Cromwell appears as the disgrace he was. And so does the English Parliament. No sooner had they the King's head ofl when they-sfet>*about reconquering his Empire for ! them-selves. And many of them would do the same today. They would re-gard it as natural that if i England became a socialist country,-the., six counties would have that benefit conferred on them willy-nilly.

If this book—far too wealthy in

information of all kinds to be sum-marised in a short review—seems to this reviwer a little weak in the central theme, and this is the ten-dency with any collective work, the detailed scholarship brought to -spe-cial sections more than compensates for it. The essay on the Irish coinage by Professor Dolley is a gem. It seems Swift was protesting against no new abuse.

There is much valuable economic material. It emerges that despite the material destruction of the two wars, Ireland was a far- wealthier country at the end of the 17th cen-tury than it had been at - the 'be-ginning. There is less evideaeerfor a juster xiistribution af that.wealth. Very much less.

The cultural chapters are Of -im-mense value. The development s the English language in Ireland, parallel with the , very jlow re t rea t of Irish, broken i>y .periods iof ^ad-vance is described with a weafth. of detail. And there are

Irish writing both in Gaelic and i* Latin.

The chapter on the Irish abroad deals mainly with emigration to th® Continent, and to. a lesser degree to the New World. Perhaps an attempt should have been made to gather more information -about' tha early days of emigration to Britain. That there was an Irish colony in Liverpool early in the 18th oe t tury is known. And though ^ u h m <atUl Nichols in the first chapter show there was little trade with -east coast ports, they refer to a large number on the west coast. Tho earliest immigrants seems to Have been merchants, but we would l ike to know more. In particular who was Shakespeare's MacMorrisl

Every species of reference, >inde*, map, diagram and footnote- Wat «e»«M -be desired has been-provided. And the editors -and publishers-ara to be congratulated on <whafc-*ill-bo the standard history for many* years to come. r

"Narrow Gauge .Qherm mf «S5es-tetyear", by Ivo *Peters(<©x-ford Publishing- Go, £3M).

'WT ARROW GAUGE" is the rail-way term for 1 tracks where

the internal distance Ibctareen ' t h e rails is-less than George Stephen-son's 4ft. 8iins. or in thfe^ease of

Ireland, the Irish standard 6ft. Sin. In this -delightful vohfflfte of dear -black and -white phOtogva^is,

iMr JPeters recalls f lor p o t t t W I T ^ . visits to nine isoph 'lines, t«ntr in ^England, two -each - to lreiaad « a d -Wales, 'and «Bfi'in-.the. Igleflf-J .Only the lastnamedijs,d0ILiB i ence, albeit in a precarious -and truncated form.

n o man s "Ttoe Gtnvmony 4f-Innocence",

by "Bow'd Martin '(Martin ' 1 Seeker & Wafburg, TOO).

BOY, rreleased ircan Orumlin Rd. igaol at :8 t m . >one day in

1M5 {jwes to Maes ' .tosa nearby church-many years • Jwljwe ieveataff

aMass .was permitted. .The congre-gat ipniwas reciting "the Litany". No litany is recl)»d at 'Mass. Mothe r bpy attends a school in which-I was a t eaWera t - the Whe. Mr MarWi'e notion -of -what "Went on there, as ;de«oribad in "ThePOore-

mMmy -of l n e c w m i ^ . i t e ta^striking instanoe -of sfesttts ;intoBted to--«ap-port a-jpr^udieed Sheojy.'! Someone else .whiles -«away the time over the aaciflgHPaeeito the CtentmLLHwary. At that 4a te -theee,p»ges were.puri-tanically blacked out J n Belfast l ihrariesX '

"*Ph6se would be petty crltleisms were it not eleariy 'MrMUaridh-s -am-bition to portray ' l i f c i i i v -w-^a t least a section of it, realistically almost stoeet by .atieetand yoar-. by year «UMB' We las t Mta? For. saeh a purpose the facts have to be cl icked carefully. I am a s aaati-thental as the next over my native city-quarter and enjoyed tracing streets and parks on memory's anap,

' the -eotJujMi. n t increaatag twboa*We "GeagMgrtiia' aHy peoved 4ny memory right fand

ing on the plot. A *|^ll4hoeked -beggar,, victim of - tWei^ltetme, .-wan-ders in and out of -.thifistory, -each appearance a cue ^ler /ene-vof «Mr Martin's exercises inpwmdorjeyoean ' 'stream of consctousoasS".

The ,otepicters anel feew anore

r-

Theie 1b * Presbyterian anarchist in his sixties, awaitrnt lhe -worid

s f t l w ^ ' ^ t o r t while -condemning any«faMnOf acti--rian which originates awith-tfSafeho-hes.and a4iearaw^ PMjboW iWom everyone loves for reasons which are-not apparent. r , * ,

For > light relief in tale «U we tget is .a-illiteracy or horseplay. Mr Mai sed in the meohanieivof ,nos«Usrlt-tog-since his earlier '"BbO ^ftillfc!, Is indeed becoming a&>Mg with a varied set'of writing mftWM*. The plot here is less .wobbly and his

is awe dWWve, hut he <4ws yet to-learn that -*Md «£t ion can result only when ^he {Magina-tlen ie -working on materia^ which Is thoroughly understopd.

"Three o f - the -depleted -English;, ^ f^ f 1 - ®®® aines were in my nat*vo /cwnfirf;^ ® Northamptonshire, aU serving ison-stone pits. How ^ l this- liOfl* ' ^ w o t o - w w calls my CWLktoood Sunday <*«a«r "round the baek Of -the M m * * ? ' .where We m i e aa»hli» ;KC-#he :Kettering loon « n d ^kM^aekdtfl&t •ffloal a n d > shotted their trains of ore tmm WtftpiXI

.pits through .fields ^af *lm|e awedes to .the wast; At side the favourites were - Hawthorns, with wedtheitboards to lieu ef

and' West Clare. I -^fxpetted te find one of Weae ameng .e to Jr teh -entries, but Wat is not WO'vioase How many readers from the^oWer thirty-one -cownties sir County Oceek!s little 8chuH< de.itt^b-

-bereen Railway wM<*'i4*»A*drr5le run in .1M8? -Ceased to - run i t

. ifl^ee .it ' travelling cameraman;

KCBolOIl, M] II II- .trtmmi lOTC 'TJl BCU, •

-saMbus-.. olaces e

ment's - vindictiveness towards

M ^ M d j M r ^ w 11 nmnTiim~

the bediMWMflMiaMiniM>iMii vvb.

tteook. -are

June 1977 THE IR ISH DEMOCRAT

8 THE IRISH DEMOCRAT June 1977

S E K 1 A L S T O R Y

b R A V B Y DONAL NaeAMULAWH

D I A C y 4 1 A P E A C E T I M E I I 11)111.

i i * !

' f. k

H;

y •c-c

^yE reached Galway today around three. Matt and my-

self were very happy to be back but some of the others were •quite indifferent. The hard O Reilly (Nought Six) was visibly pining for the Curragh. There was a lorry awaiting us at the station and we bundled into it with our kitbags and off we went, then, skirting the long road round Loch a' tSaile or Lough Atalia as it is barbar-ously spelt in a manner which is neither English nor Irish.

Renmore Barracks looked like heaven to me, a veritable pro-mised land, though 1 suppose other eyes might see only a grey-walled army post with high barred gates, a tarmac square and a tricolour flapping smartly in the breeeze. People, I know, can become tiresome going on about the glories of their own

• home place but there is un-doubtedly something magical to a Galwayman in the sight of Galway Bay with the soft con-tours of the Burren away to the south and, if the day is clear •enough, the islands of Aran stretched away in the West. SalthUlJs a commonenough sea-side resort, f suppose, with more than its own share of ugly hotels

i. mnd guest-houses but my-

V

beyond And Qolway City it*

NsSi a t y of &*0 Tribes With its narrow, crooked-•streets, its smells of fish, groin arid bakeries, its friendly, grdm-har people and the sweet sound ^ J^sft jiejng spoken at every , hand's turn r A meal a day: id Galway is the saying and I can understand the feeling that tin- •

" l i t • -• .<•. / -

m sr

i f " ' ;

My first impression of . the .; barracks was the strqijg sfnell

of wail distemper everywhere most of the BattxdiOn had bq&l away for a few weeks and some .

i renovation was done in itI i ' i j m tepitiere -'W' the -

che^tge from ttie redbti&ijfcthe •

It was very heartening to hear so much Irish spoken on every side during the meal though there is rather more English spoken, too, than 1 would have imagined. The bulk of the Bat-talion is comprised of Conne-mara and Aran men with a lot from other Irish-speaking areas like Donegal, Kerry, Cork and Ring, Co Waterford but where there is a difference of dialect I am sorry to say the men often turn to English though I am sure they could understand each other well enough in Irish if they wanted to make the effort. There must be some of the finest physical specimens of men in Ireland in this First Infrantry Battalion Of ours and a guard-of-honour is generally composed, they tell me, of six-footers.

After the tea I was itching to be away off to Knocknacarra to show off in my uniform to my relatives but I did. not think it would be fair to desert Ninety Murphy and No ugh Six 0 Reilly on their first day in a strange place so instead I took them on a tour Ground the town proudly pointing everything out to them as we went along. Nought Six wasn't very impressed, however, and as a matter of fact he grumbled a lot and grew quite chauvinistic about Killeshandra in the County Cavan which is

& WO* more placid and, eyeing everything up, he

saidQmhe didn't think it woiild fte^a&ai station though really of course he doesn't give a tinker's gpnn where he is sta-tioned os tang as he sees pros-pects, of getting on in the army, fn this he is more professional-

!n$nied than the rest of us for I mike no seemtfc that the attrac-tions for me are as follows and in this Order :The Language, the plricji and a fed-end-found job. What harm, Til earn my couple of pounds a week. in any case fust by being a member . . .

Who should be in this same 'B' Company with us now but that big fmr-hdired chap frdm Irush Turbot wfu^m we met'in

lone the rAmt before we 3 T B

; homely - looking limestone of MWne the. night before w. Renmare. We wete sfown'lifyo iolffe^up.: Wfttufbeen trails

ie>t?om room of ' ^ i M ^ ^ ^ a ^ ^ i S m n e * r,h

; -

it-

^ (against his m4 Will be in 'B' Compony'for . Mm^fa^.w(th

until-, we. have been, two rhore; iad& & Kerryman •torted out according to oUfdbi- - named Qermot Sheehan and a IMei, God bie ss the Mark I BagentOimattnannamed Paddy

drew "P^^mm

(Batrackjhfy the Curragh

cemei, has it$ 0.^0 (

__ nor the tea f: ik'kh

men to a loaf, of cou [ ration,

tertain that kind of business at all.

"I suppose this place will be crawling with cadgers, too," he lamented, "it's a wonder to God but they'd learn to hold on to something to see them through the yeek, but no, it must be a feast or a bleddy famine." Packie Ward,( it turns put, is a martyr to the cards and some-times on pay-nights they will sit up until morning gambling away their pay on games like Pontoon and Brag and what-have-you, I suppose I must be one of the few Irishmen who never learned how to play cards and I can only name about half of the pack I think.

Not that I'm any the worse of that but I would like to be up on them for it's like being ignorant of sport, there is a big area of life wjkich y o a cannot disciiss with d/tyone: There were no games at aft played in Knock-nacarra where ! spent a ltd' of my youth Meame of the proxi-mity of the go/f course. Instead of going in for games like GaeMc football and hurling as they mo back in Barna and Furbo and over in the Claregalway parishes our youngsters- went caddy ing on the links, carrying bags for the golfers at so much a time (pi ' lucky) arid-more on lost Of course\ loped a game of: strange* farmers the a sionai O Com now as way; 0 or two than m; school at not in tin he would give nie a lift on the crossbar of mttke in the morn-ings. Th^mS^mmm^W the man, ev pleasant

I made carra the my cousin*

when he saw me rigged out, boots and buttons shining and my cap set at an angle on my head.

"I wish to God I had gone with you now, and I'd be elec-ted," he complained.

"I wish to God you did," my aunt Nan told him sharply, "and indeed you might as well for all the good you are here."

"Leave the boy, Nan, leave the boy," my uncle told her just as quick, for he doesn't like to hear other people getting on to Festie —it's a privilege he "reserves for himself.

"Well, how is it going, Danny ?" he enquired theti and I of course was only tod happy to tell him what a good life it was and that I had no regrets about joining.

"And why should you, fed and found-with your two pound a week in your pocket and stroll-ing about in the middle of the day when others are up to their eyes in curse-of-God unending work," Festi said bitterly. As a matter of fact it was near six in the evening now and they wouldn't be doing anything more that day but Festie is like that and to be sure if Ned had his way the worfe would never cease. 7 r.

"Well ^kmg os m^re con-tent, Ned % a p t

he is right about my grandfather —about his agility, 1 mean, and not his mental condition—for he is still as fit as a fiddle and not so long ago he raced.my younger brother all the way from Salthill for a bet.

We had the tea, thick cuts of fresh-baked bread with the butter melting on it and eggs just laid that day and I was wishing 1 had Nought Six along with m^ so that-he could fill up for the poor, man is eternally hungry. N e d kept on asking about the military life and the hours and so on and of course it wasn't hard to see where this was all leading.

"Ye have an awful lot of time o f f , so, Danny ?" he suggested.

"Bags of it," I told him truth-fully.

"Begosh sure I suppose in the summer you could give a man a bit of a hand when there would be things for doing . .? Or if any of your tittle comrades would tike a day Out in :ihe air . . .?" 5 \

That wo uld be no problem; at all, I told him md then, feeling fuller them. J -had for many a month I. got up.and bid them good-day,: .But onmp. way Out who Should I run into but one of m' neighbours,

Jiiger to

though' qnd often Dad-o tkat it wtia fiijr

law's' father he or perhaps He doestttWHr^As

between hitTbeif that they b6th $ct Writ? hs If the other, One did not todst $ and poor Nan, cattghi te , the middle, nfakes. the b&of&JBut

mrnei S *

•mm escape and it way, stepping l feeling V&y proud of m0iW

•v gto two sMBmBIm^ England, to worfe. If Htar teui j "

.k'Wfr.jjf aU^M^^ore we see them again, if yip-eyer

•-0t.i V/" ^ . A (More, next month) r.a

© An Oocfcoiftlwr. •

ern Ire! future, a majority

to * the

p..

from page thtee)

: m w w ,

imwBmm

Ireland do . of a unit both wrong to"; The result showed th

• of the eli Ireland United Kit

.. reqjects ^Ireland t; the Unit . , . tnajoflty

ment hli' those' who

xJpt'Maip ; achieve U " /

: ; ot c ,

today 1» that Tjn Northern

""be ly

r . W jority

rthern :«r' the

v> |

Ireland remains part of thfr:l Kingdom the Ctovemmenft ttaoe W -etfoitt to tU«chi_, resporull^tlteK to. anml^ falrijr-i #hd

talalnc t h e rale at lav . , * w •vyiv "i™"™ - T , * f *** y, course ta riqH'ession d the oo%nuiM|rt«rom • also inentswn the nee<t ift», on the e^opoffllc ernnvent ha», ' f«V special attention 'Si

Of Northern % 5 alonfc-' (thd« Of

taMftff 8a ' t*cmu

fl:

m m H m fa: w,

m-